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This thesis investigates the effects the COVID-Pandemic had on the Loan Loss Provisions according to IFRS 9 of German financial institutions by conducting an empirical analysis of ten selected German banks. This topic is of interest, since the Expected Credit Loss-model under IFRS 9 is only in effect since 2018 and, thus, the COVID-pandemic acted as the first stress-test for the new model. The analysis covers the five periods year-end 2019, Q2 2020, year-end 2020, year-end 2021, and Q2 2022. The main findings are that Post-Model Adjustments are being used too excessively by the institutions and that the Ecpected Credit Loss-model has its weak spots.
The EU Taxonomy is the first standardized and comprehensive classification system for sustainable economic activities. This paper provides the public interested in sustainability issues with an overview of the current state of non-financial reporting and the alignment with the EU Taxonomy. It aims at determining the institutional conditions and reporting practices of banking institutions in Europe. The thesis includes an analysis of non-financial information according to the TCFD recommendations and EU Taxonomy requirements of six banks throughout Germany and Spain during financial year 2020. The results highlight those geographic discrepancies in sustainability reporting will benefit banks who are already reporting in accordance with voluntary frameworks or have more stringent regulations for green financing in place. This paper shows that in the banking industry, comprehensive qualitative descriptions of climate change risk and opportunity have been provided, which will avail the consideration of the “do no significant harm” principle of the Taxonomy. Additionally, the social criteria of the EU Taxonomy are consistent with those of most existing systems and may thus be implemented by most banks already. The analysis also revealed that compared to existing frameworks, the EU Taxonomy's environmental criteria differ greatly. Accordingly, meeting the existing framework's criteria by itself is not enough to attain a high taxonomy alignment for financial institutions. Furthermore, a significant amount of data retrieval and analysis will be required by the EU Taxonomy. The lack of quantitative data in most financial institutions will require intensive improvement since this issue has not been adequately addressed yet.
Ziel dieser Arbeit soll es sein die Anwendbarkeit der Behavioral Finance auf das Investitionsverhalten von Privatanlegern innerhalb einer weltweiten Pandemie zu prüfen, um den Nutzen der Theorie in diesem Zusammenhang zu evaluieren, kognitive Verzerrungen und Heuristiken der Anlegen zu identifizieren und somit die Relevanz der Behavioral Finance zu validieren.