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After the breakdown of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Kyrgyz Republic started its transition period. During the Soviet Union Kyrgyzstan was one of the fifteen states having planned economic system which was later transited into the market driven mechanism. Consequently, Kyrgyzstan like a number of Commonwealth Independent States (CIS) suffered from primary drastic decline in economic development as well as from considerable transformation in the whole economic system. There was a severe increase in the unemployment situation, rising inequality and poverty and decrease in real wages. In spite of the fluctuations in the economic system, stagnation involving poverty and inequality lasted till 2000s. Therefore the national government had to undertake a number of reforms destined for economic recovery. Moreover, Kyrgyz government stated attracting international donors to help with the situation. The transition period was especially hard for kyrgyz women. There were not equal number of employment opportunities for women compared to men. Also, wage disparities resulted in income inequality for women. It is important to note that due to the more popularised beliefs of patriarchal values in the country, women were obliged to stay at home and do child care rather than pursue their career in social, economic or political spheres. The data is taken from national and international organisation’s sources.
Intersections of care work and ecological sustainability IN HOW FAR CAN TIME BE A COMMON CURRENCY?
(2018)
The performance of Indian economy is significantly influenced by the agriculture sector. The contributions made by this sector in national income, international trade and employment are key indicators of how the country is developing. As agriculture in India is mainly a rural area activity it offers opportunities to work for the rural men and women. Although the participation of female workers is more than the participation of male workers, the constraints faced by female workers are more. In addition to taking care of their households they are also working on farms. This multidimensional role signifies the importance of women in the sector. Their participation is affected by their access to resources and their performance is affected by factors like environment, harmful farming techniques and traditional mind-sets along with necessary resources. By closely studying the trends in agricultural performance and women participation, this study tries to connect the two aspects together to present the way forward for women in agriculture. The issues and challenges faced by rural women in terms of participation factors are discussed using secondary data and literature study. With the help of case studies, the opportunities and new roles of women are studied. The primary objective is to focus on how women workers are advancing their lives through agriculture and benefitting environment around them. Improved access to resources, new technology in farming and improved access to education along with enabling government schemes that empower the women participation are seen to be leading to a better and brighter future for women in agriculture.