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ABSTRACT
The modern capitalist corporate food regime is driven by large agroindustries, commodification of nature, monoculture, chemical contamination, land grabbing, and is becoming ever more self-destructive for food producers, consumers, and the whole planet as our web of life. In order to correct and adjust Anthropocene made climate change again and to abandon the false transfer of power from MNC to the power of the people, only a global struggle in localized agroecology can be a solution. As finance-led capitalism has increasingly urged politicized confrontation with the dominance of neoliberalism and agribusiness, the people who are looking to their own pool of ideas in a form of resistance to the "supreme knowledge monoculture", have increased their process of sharing and transferring knowledge, also called diálogo de saberes. This dialog among different knowledges and ways of knowing brought along important 'emergences' from the radical-transformative approach of food sovereignty to its paradigm of agroecology under the struggle of La Via Campesina. This movement has been able to group farmers, landless people, rural proletarian, indigenous people, consumers and even researchers by understanding inclusive diversity as enrichment. Most strikingly, small-scale food producers from developing countries come together with small-scale food producers from the industrial countries, while it is actually the latter's “free trade” agreements and practices that slow out small peasantry in developing countries. Nevertheless, they find and choose common ground by focusing on similarities and joint challenges such as the need for locally controlled food systems and the combined and connected grassroots action against the international violence of power by the corporate food regime. As an example, this thesis reflects on the positive and critical experiences of the Cuban illustrative agroecology training methodology practiced for more than two decades now. The learning values are identified, analyzed and adapted to the current European process of scaling up and strengthening the agroecology training network in the European section of La Via Campesina, the European Coordination Via Campesina. Conclusively, the thesis contributes to the movement by linking and advancing European’s collective action by looking “up” to Cuba’s experiences in the sense of horizontal diálogo de saberes.
AI influencers - does it matter to consumers that their favourite influencer doesn't actually exist?
(2021)
Abstrakt
Diese Studie untersucht die Akzeptanz von derzeit am Markt erhältlichen Elektroautos, sowie die potentielle Wirkung von staatlichen Fördermaßnahmen, wie einer Kaufprämie oder der Gewährung von Sonderrechten im Straßenverkehr. Die Methodik der vorliegenden quantitativen Untersuchung basiert auf Rogers (1962) Innovationstheorie und dem Technology Acceptance Model von Davis (1989). Zusätzlich wurde eine wahlbasierte Gegenüberstellung verschiedener Elektroautos und Fahrzeuge mit verschiedenen Antriebsarten konzipiert, um Aufschluss über die geäußerten Präferenzen der Befragten zu erlangen. Eine Kaufprämie und die nicht-monetären Fördermaßnahmen wurden in die Wahlentscheidung integriert. Die Umfrageergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass Elektroautos einer sehr geringen Kaufbereitschaft gegenüber stehen, das Interesse an Elektroautos jedoch hoch ist. Die niedrige Kaufbereitschaft basiert auf einem Mangel an Kompatibilität von Elektroautos mit den Bedürfnissen der Probanden. Kaufprämien und nicht-monetäre Fördermaßnahmen sind zwar erwünscht, jedoch wird aus dieser Studie und den Erfahrungen aus anderen Ländern ersichtlich, dass diese Maßnahmen nicht zu einer Einstellungsänderung führen. Eine Einstellungsänderung und somit die Akzeptanz von Elektroautos kann hingegen über die vermehrte Vermittlung von Wissen über Elektroautos und persönliche Erfahrung gefördert werden. Des Weiteren sollten von der Regierung Maßnahmen eingeleitet werden, die eine nachhaltige Veränderung des bisherigen Mobilitätsverhaltens initiieren.
The present thesis aims to give an overview on alternative forms of work and the current coworker in regard to gender, age, profession, and motivation to work in a coworking space. The growing number of coworking spaces available to an increasing number of workers explains and justifies the analysis of a current inventory. The economic and social changes influence the way people work. Younger generations and university graduates, in particular, are disproportionately engaged in non-standard employment relationships. This development in connection with the detachment of work and workplace opens up possibilities of alternative forms of work. Coworking spaces are only one example resulting from this change but will be the focus of this thesis.
The following research question is being asked: Coworkers, who are they and how are they using this alternative form of work? To answer the research question, a quantitative survey was conducted which addressed current coworking members.
The results showed that coworking spaces are mainly used by young academics who work as freelancers or self-employees. Coworking spaces constitute an alternative to home-office for various professional groups. Thereby, the alternative form of work is preferred over traditional offices. Considering the increasing number of atypical employment relationships, mobile workers, and coworking spaces it is most likely that these spaces will gain in importance and will impact the world of work in the future.
This thesis as well as the survey results are interesting for coworking space owners, for companies, and for politicians.
This thesis analyzes the stock prices of German companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the theoretical background on stock prices, their value, and how investors make an investment decision, which is all covered by academic literature. In the second part of this thesis, the author answers the question, whether investors experienced herding behavior on the German stock market during the Covid-19 pandemic, by conducting multiple empirical tests. Here, the methodology uses daily closing prices and cross-sectional absolute deviations to conduct regression models, which test specifically for herding behavior. The results imply that investors did not significantly herd around the market during the observation period from 1st June 2019 to 31st May 2021. Due to the never-before-experienced global health crisis, analysts and investors faced great uncertainty. They focused more on private information, because the opinions of others changed rapidly, just like the surroundings during the pandemic. This paper provides key insights about investors herding behavior during the last two years in Germany.
This dissertation aims to explore the conflict over to a strategy on energy security in the European Union between 2007 and 2014 in order to answer the question, whose interests are materialised and how they are articulated in the conflict over energy security. With this aim, the present thesis takes up the central assumptions of the political ecology approach and extends these with insight of the scale debate. The chosen method enables an exploration of the ways in which societal and political power relations are articulated and the revelation of the environmental, social, and institutional dimensions of the dominant narrative of energy security in the EU. First, a theoretical framework is established. Second, the subject of analysis – the 2014 European Energy Security Strategy of the European Commission – and its historical context are introduced in order to unite the elements together in the analysis in chapter 3. The results show that, in particular, actors of the fossil-nuclear energy industry have been remarkably successful in materialising their interests in the Commission’s strategy on energy security. Fossil-nuclear based solutions to energy insecurity are dominant and contribute to the consolidation of a specific fossil society-nature relationship. In the conflict over energy security, a slight reformation of the spatial organisation of EU energy politics can be observed. The European Commission has successfully extended its institutional and regulatory competencies mainly within the Internal Energy Market. Nevertheless, no general substantial shift in the relevance of the various spatial scale levels of EU energy policy can be noticed. The sovereignty of national governments over energy policy remains unaffected within the EU. Furthermore, concerning European integration, the overall tendencies of a fragmentation and renationalisation of EU energy policy become apparent in this conflict over European energy security.
Abstract
This paper standing on the macro level, analyzes theoretically and empirically
whether bank-based or market-based financial structure is better for general R&D
intensity and business R&D intensity, and measures financial structure form
relative size, activity and efficiency of stock market to banks. Furthermore, the
empirical study includes data grouped by financial development, industrial
structure and government power. The purpose of this paper lies in proving
evidence for raising R&D intensity by enlarging financial market’s size, promoting
its activity and improving its efficiency. Meanwhile, by grouped analysis, this
paper tries to provide advices on ways of raising R&D intensity by optimizing
financial structure for countries in various financial conditions, with various
industrial structures or different degrees of government power.
On the basis of previous literature, this paper firstly describes typical
characteristics of business R&D which are distinguished from other investment
activities. Secondly, the mechanism of financial structure’s effects on business
R&D is analyzed, which contains three aspects: risk management, information
dissemination and corporate governance. It is concluded that market-based
financial structure has the ability to provide more capital for high-risky and
strong-innovative R&D activities. At last, from the perspective of industrial
structure and government power, the mechanism of financial structure’s effects on
overall R&D intensity is studied. It is concluded that market-based financial
structure is better for the development of high-tech industry, but government has
the power to control state-owned banks and policy banks aiming at support R&D
selectively.
In the empirical part, explained variables are general R&D intensity and business
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Financial Structure on R&D Intensity: Based on the Panel Data of 49 Countries
R&D intensity; explanatory variables are first-lagged R&D intensity, relative size,
activity and efficiency of stock market to bank; in order to ensure the validity of
models, control variables, economic development, human capital, industry
structure, government power and financial development, are added. The panel data
of this paper contains 49 countries from 2001 to 2010. Furthermore, the whole
sample is grouped respectively by the average value of financial development,
industrial structure and government power, which generates in total 6-group
dataset. As one-period lagged R&D intensity is treated as an explanatory variable,
the dataset has wider cross-section variables but shorter time-period, so Corrected
Two-step Difference GMM is used as the method of estimation for all models.
The conclusions are as follow. Firstly, a significant positive correlation between
one-period lagged R&D intensity and current R&D intensity, and business R&D
intensity’s correlation is stronger. Secondly, the relative size of stock market to
bank has positive effects on business R&D intensity, but no significant effects on
overall R&D, even slightly negative effects. However, the correlations are
different inside groups. Thirdly, significant positive correlations between relative
activity and overall R&D intensity or Business intensity are found for the whole
sample, but for groups, there are various correlations. At last, significant positive
correlations between relative efficiency and overall R&D intensity or Business
intensity are also found. However, for some groups, such as traditional industry
group and strong government power group, the correlation is negative.According
to the conclusions, four pieces of policy proposals are put forward.
This paper examines the short-term effects of tax inversion announcements on inverting firms´ share prices, and thereby analyses the value creation of inversion activities. For the analysis, the paper looks at a sample of 41 inverted U.S. firms during the time period of 1994 to 2015. To quantify the stock returns related to inversion announcements, event study method has been implemented. Using the parametric t-test, the paper finds evidence indicating that the announcements of tax inversions have a significant negative impact on firm value with -4.8%. 16 out of 41 investigated firms show value changing effects associated with inversions. The highest impact on stock prices are captured directly on the announcement day. Furthermore, the performance of pharmaceutical and Irish incorporated deals indicate positive market reactions with 7.30% and 5.9% respectively.
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Auftritt zwei ausgewählter Non-Profit Organisationen (NPO) auf Social Media Plattformen unter der Betrachtung, wie erfolgreiches Social Media Marketing für ihre Zwecke betrieben wird. Hierfür werden die Social Media Plattformen mit der größten derzeitigen Relevanz für den deutschsprachigen Raum für Non-Profit Organisationen vorgestellt und analysiert: Facebook, Twitter und YouTube von Save the Children und SOS-Kinderdorf. Dazu werden die einzelnen Plattformen im Hinblick auf Aufbau, Content und Reichweite analysiert. Die Verfasserin zeigt zunächst die notwendigen Begrifflichkeiten der Social Media und des Non-Profits auf und geht auf die Chancen und Herausforderungen des Social Media Marketings ein. Den Kern der Arbeit bildet die Inhaltsanalyse der Social-Media-Aktivitäten der beiden NPO auf den drei ausgewählten Social Media Plattformen. Bei den daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wird im Anschluss eine theoretische Handlungsorientierung für Non-Profit Organisationen bei der Gestaltung ihres Auftritts auf Social Media Plattformen abgegeben.