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Abstract
A competitive design of a supply chain is achieved by considering all the variables that affect the entire system and their interaction in the decision-making process. In developing countries, where the supply chains are usually labour intensive and where institutional and infrastructural conditions for competitive supply chains are still setting, players should give importance to the strategy of joint forces to become stronger in national and international markets.
This research presents a framework for designing agricultural supply chains in developing countries based on simulation software and describing a collaborative model that supports joint investments, information exchange and coordination. The framework is tested using an illustrative case of a developing country agricultural supply chain. This case is analysed throughout the research to demonstrate how the proposed strategy may aid in the attempt to open possibilities for small actors to play in the competitive international marketplace.
The strategy comprises four components derived from the consulted literature and the multi- method simulation tool for supply chain optimisation anyLogistix. First, Greenfield Analysis to find the best location for processing facilities to consolidate and prepare the product for the shipment. Then, Simulation and Comparison experiments to analyse the solutions' behaviour and identify which one is the most suitable and advantageous in this partnership, aiming for the best profit and adequate lead times. Finally, a Sensitivity analysis to evaluate how changes in the main variables affect the selected configuration's performance and make informed decisions knowing the associated variability of the outcomes.
Keywords: Supply Chain; Agricultural Supply Chain; Supply Chain design; Collaboration in Supply Chains; Agricultural Supply Chain in developing countries.
Startup incubation at universities is becoming increasingly important due to their ability to promote entrepreneurship among students and to increase the chance of survival of the created ventures. Moreover, due to the typically longer years of work experience of MBA students relative to other students, MBA students represent a key segment that such programs should target as previous research has shown that experience is a success factor in startup founders. However, there is little research in available literature on how to design startup incubation programs to maximize the participation and success of MBA students.
In this thesis, startup incubation programs at some leading universities around the world is surveyed. The goal is to come up with a framework inspired by the traits, internal or eco-system based, common to the successful university-based startup incubators. By evaluating these success factors with the preferences of MBA students, the thesis proposes certain services or processes that should be considered to design a university-based incubation program for MBA students. The result will be useful to university managers seeking to build an enduring entrepreneurial ecosystem and improve the entrepreneurial support services at their universities, especially for MBA students.
The thesis is composed of two aspects: first and foremost, desk research is conducted to catalogue the support services that are available to student entrepreneurs at some leading university-based startup incubators around the world. Secondly, a case study of part-time MBA students at the Berlin School of Economics and Law (HWR Berlin) is conducted through a survey and series of interviews. The study reveals several interesting results:
• All the studied startup incubators offer comparable basic services including, mentorship, workspace, seminars, funding, network, etc. The key difference is how those services are provisioned and the extent to which they use specific services to differentiate themselves.
• The universities place entrepreneurship at a center stage with the involvement of the universities’ top management and several institutions within and outside the universities, i.e., they build entrepreneurial ecosystems, rather than isolated startup incubation programs.
• The universities leverage their relative strengths or situation in their entrepreneurial support services e.g., technologically oriented universities such as MIT, Technion, NUS and TUM, focus on creating an environment where more innovation is created and on technology commercialization, Stanford University offers remarkable access to Silicon Valley, SETsquared partnership raises the profile of its members by creating critical mass in a regional alliance.
• Stanford University and MIT have diverse programs that give students multiple entry points to the ecosystems and allow the students’ experience to be easily customizable according to their needs.
• The case study showed an improved entrepreneurial self-efficacy (self-confidence) among the MBA students during the period of their MBA studies. Of equal significance, the study also showed a higher degree of improvement among final year students compared to first-year students of the two-year program. This could hint towards a modular design of startup incubation programs for MBA students, with more advanced activities left for the later part of the program.
• The survey revealed the preference of MBA students for a strong network, availability of mentors and coaches, and access to funding at their startup incubation center. A revelation which further strengthens the case for creating ecosystems.
Unpaid care policies in the time of right-wing populism: a comparative analysis of Poland and Turkey
(2021)
In recent years, increasing political repressions on women that result with social unrests and street protests in Poland and Turkey arouse interest around the ties between unpaid care workers and the current governments. Rising conservative, right-wing and populist discourses and their effects relating to care work made a further exploration in this field inevitable. Thus, this thesis examines the impacts of current policies on unpaid care workers in social and economic terms. The hypothesis of this study suggests that unpaid care workers in Poland and Turkey are exploited to a greater extent by familialist policies during the right-wing and populist governments. The discourses and policies of the governments are analyzed in the light of previous literature on care work. The paper also applies an assessment developed by Leitner (2003) in order to classify Poland and Turkey together with six European countries according to their ways of providing childcare and elderly care services. The study clearly shows that unpaid care workers have been socially downgraded and not remunerated mainly through familialist policies either explicitly or implicitly under the hegemony of right-wing populist parties in Poland and Turkey.
Considering the ongoing and omnipresent growth of multinational corporations
(MNCs) within the global context of business and with them also human rights
scandals, firms will inevitably come across the questions of how to manage and control
their international supply chains. The emergence of the so-called “global economy”
has led to a tremendous growth and complexity of international supply chains,
fragmented production processes and also created countless cross-cultural points of
contact. (Jüttner, 2005; Bai & Sarkis, 2020) It is a matter of fact that most MNCs have
multiple tiers in their supply chains around the countries in which they conduct
business. This fact imposes great challenges to comply with the parent company’s
production standards with regards quality, safety, and other crucial key factors. In
recent decades, countless firms from developed countries have found business
opportunities in emerging markets, among which also the Chinese market can be
found. This paper addresses the above scribed issues of supply chain transparency
(SCT) based on Sino-Western international joint ventures. This thesis aims to address
possible Sino-specific factors which need special consideration when Sino-Western
Joint Ventures aim to implement SCT regulations into their businesses. It will first
introduce the framework of supply chain transparency as a concept, then shed light to
the role of international joint ventures in China. Thereafter the author will give an
overview of traits specifically found in the context of Chinese business management
including their influence on Sino-Western Joint Ventures. This paper is then concluded
by describing the thesis findings including aspects of importance when China-specific
management characteristics are to be considered in a Sino-Western Joint Ventures and
which prerequisites might be necessary if a company aims for conducting supply chain
transparency activities within their business. Finally, limitations of this paper will be
outlined as well as potential future research possibilities mentioned.
The study is attempting to survey whether the connectedness among leadership, employee voice, and the awareness of equity of employee can eventually be a complement of the achievements of office in German companies, and to scrutinize if the German experiences can be transplant to Taiwan. According to this rationale, the study endeavors to check whether the leadership affects to employee voice and whether the awareness of equity of employee moderates the effects of leadership on employee voice in German companies.
By using questionnaire survey with simple sampling, the results reveal that there are significant differences between sex and between occupations in the cognition of decision making of leadership; furthermore, there are significant differences between sex in orientation of change of employee voice behavior, and there also are significant differences between education in the cognition of considerable risk of employee voice behavior. Employee voice behavior is significantly affected by decision making, administrative method, interpersonal communication, and personal motivation of leadership, and the effects of leadership on employee voice behavior is significantly moderated by the distributive and interactional fairness of the awareness of equity.
Conclusively, by learning from German companies, the companies in Taiwan should build an environment full of trustworthiness, empowerment, and identification that make office members want to speak out, and managers in Taiwan companies can learn how to make employees recognize they are safe and free to make a speech relevant to leadership, business management and organizational development.
Keywords: Leadership, Employee Voice Behavior, Awareness of Equity, German, Taiwan
Wiederaufnahme eines Verfahrens zuungunsten von Verurteilten im Zusammenhang mit neuen DNA-Spuren
(2021)
Diese Bachelor-Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Erstellung einer Application (App) für das mobile Betriebssystem iOS. Die App soll es ihren Nutzern ermöglichen die eigenen Kontaktdaten mit anderen Nutzern der App zu teilen. Die Funktion der App bezieht sich hierbei nur auf einen lokalen Austausch. Beide Parteien der Übertragung müssen also in unmittelbarer Nähe zueinander sein. Dieser Austausch soll schnell und sicher funktionieren.
Lead calling is one of the foundational promotional activities that bring business the first human-to-human interaction with potential customers. A successful call can build the root of trust between the business and potential customers, which ultimately converts the call into sales. However, conducting lead calls faces big challenges as customers nowadays are being bombarded by sales calls due to the unsustainable calling strategy of many businesses. To conduct lead calls in a sustainable and effective way, this thesis builds a first touchpoint scheduling system based on the lead call history of the InsurTech company wefox Group. By applying a set of machine learning techniques, the system can generate a list of leads with the highest reaching probabilities for the period requested by call agents. Thus, leads are called at the timing that is convenient to answer, meanwhile, call agents can work more productively with a higher reach rate.
Exploratory data analysis is conducted to understand the relationship between the reach status and the customer data. 14 classifiers are applied to predict the reaching probability. Brier Skill Score, Average Precision Score, Precision-Recall Curve, Precision, Recall, fit time and a customized evaluation metric are selected to evaluate the classifiers’ performance. Four resampling methods, class weight adjustment and a meta-model to adjust the class threshold are used to deal with class imbalance. Bayesian Optimization is used for hyperparameter tuning. The combination of mutual information classifier and correlation feature selection approaches helps reduce the number of features needed.
The experiments show that LightGBM classifier outperforms the other classifiers with Brier skill score of 0.181, average precision of 0.487 and recall of 0.642. Feature importance indicates that besides the customer interaction record with business, macro factors such as unemployment rate, social assistance rate are also powerful features. Business value evaluation indicates that the system can improve the time effectiveness of call agents by 158%. 72% of records have no overlapping between actual non-reachable hours and predicted reachable hours.
Brand purpose has gained considerable importance in recent years. However, the term is not uniformly defined which makes an exemplification more difficult. The aim of this study is to give a detailed view on current brand purpose illustrations and practices. Therefore, an overview of different brand purpose interpretations is given, and a unified definition provided. Within this study brand purpose is defined as an organization’s inner core which is driving value for stakeholders by addressing a societal issue.
An extensive literature review in combination with expert interviews is performed to identify potential success factors for the implementation of brand purpose. The outcome of this analysis resulted in a brand purpose framework with five dimensions and 26 underlying success factors. This framework is then evaluated within a multiple-case study. By analyzing four best practice organizations in their implementation of brand purpose the previous results of the literature analysis are examined. The outcome of the case study research represents an updated brand purpose framework in which the success factor authenticity has notably stood out as one major aspect in brand purpose practices.
Lastly recommendations for the implementation of brand purpose are given. Therefore, it is important to build a community to collectively practice purpose- oriented activities which are creating value for the organization’s stakeholders.
This research aims at contributing to the growing scholarly interest in exploring and describing the journey towards data-driven marketing. As part of this, especially the establishment of a data culture seems to play an important role. Therefore, the study focuses on this aspect during the conduction of empirical research. The objective is to provide an overview of success factors for data- driven marketing, which might help change management teams or marketing leaders to transform the marketing approach into a data-driven one. Previous to the field research, a theoretical framework is developed on the basis of a structured review of relevant literature streams and expert opinions. At first, the literature on data-driven marketing and change management is consolidated and afterwards three consultants are interviewed to confirm the relevancy of the literature findings. An existing framework on managing change is adjusted according to the results and serves as guideline for the subsequent data collection and analysis. Eight expert interviews are conducted with marketing or data analytics managers from companies who find themselves in the middle of a transformation process. With the objective to gather practical information on how to establish a data culture, a thorough, qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts is conducted. The results reveal that data analytics is a people business and if data-driven marketing is the objective, the change management team and the leadership have to consider the human factor during the transformation. This includes the establishment of a data culture by changing mindsets, behaviours, structures and processes as well as performance measurements. The leadership’s attitude, behaviour and decisions are critical factors in this context. The author recommends further exploration of this topic and a resumption of the interviews in the future, so that the success factors can be reviewed from a backward-looking perspective.
Purpose: This study aims at investigating how nonprofit organisations can successfully and sustainably implement web analytics. It develops a framework based on existing literature as well as expert interviews and tests its applicability and practicability in a hands-on case study with the German nonprofit organisation Gemeinsam TECHO e.V..
Methodology: The research questions are explored through a qualitative approach via a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The author draws a convenience sample of seven German nonprofit organisations. The interviews are analysed through qualitative content analysis. Based on the results a first web analytics framework is developed which is then tested and reviewed in a practical application.
Findings: The outcome of the study is a framework with a general step-by-step plan for NPOs on how they can implement web analytics into their business.
Research limitations: The convenience sample as well as the focus on German nonprofit organisations are possible limitations. The framework should be further tested with nonprofit organisations in different settings and conditions: country, industry, etc. Another limitation is that during the practical application only a single pass of the framework was done. Additional testing of the framework with several iterations might uncover more suggestions for improvement.
Value: This paper seeks to propose guidelines that give valuable hints for nonprofit organisations looking to implement web analytics into their business. Some existing web analytics frameworks can be found in current scientific literature; however, little empirical evidence exists for the case of nonprofit organisations. This study provides a new viewpoint on the use of web analytics which may be of use for those working in the context of nonprofit organisations.
Keywords: web analytics, nonprofit organisations, NPOs, TECHO, marketing, data analytics, web analytics framework
Introduction – The purpose of this study is to answer the following research question: how may B2B event marketing change and develop in a post-pandemic world? The objectives presented are two: find an answer on how B2B events may change once the virus will be eradicated and provide efficient guidelines to B2B companies that have adopted events as a main strategy.
Literature review – From the experiential economy term coined by Pine and Gilmore to the new technologies released in the B2B event industry; this chapter focuses on the evolution of experiential marketing, in particular on the rise of B2B events.
Methods – A two-case comparative case study was employed as the primary method of in- vestigation: two B2B events in two different settings (in-person versus virtual) will be taken into consideration. The research tools adopted are expert interview and the content analysis on secondary research.
Results – One final key learning has been discovered after the analysis of the two events: there are certain aspects in face-to-face events that cannot be replaced in a virtual setting and there are some virtual aspects that can enhance greatly the in-person event format. Discussion – The discussion of the results will help the researcher to fulfil the two objec- tives of this paper. Expectations and limitations of the research will also be outlined. Conclusion – The achievement of this research has been succeeded fully.
Keywords of the research: B2B events, experiential marketing, virtual, face-to-face, co- rona virus
I. Abstract
It has been three years now since the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became enforceable, which highlighted the end of an era with lack of enforcement in the field of data protection provisions (Albrecht, 2016, p. 287). The EU General Data Protection Regulation, which was effective from 25 of May 2018, has replaced the outdated European Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC). This new regime has brought new legal rights to data subjects, while extending the scope of the responsibilities for controllers and processors. As personal data progressively embodies an important new class of economic asset for organisations, GDPR has significantly expanded the enforcement powers of the Data Protection Authorities. Consequently, it has also enhanced the regulators enforcement rights to impose fines, which may go up to €20 million or, if higher, 4% of an organisation’s annual global turnover (DLA Piper, 2018, p. 5). GDPR has actually replaced a regime under which fines for a data breach were limited and enforcement actions were uncommon. Through this new regime the regulatory environment across European Member States has undoubtedly shifted and regulators have greater powers of enforcement (DLA Piper, 2018, p.3). The fact that the important role of the strict application of the accountability principle was assigned to the national Data Protection Authorities (Albrecht, 2016, p. 288) and the function to exercise corrective powers in case of violation of the Regulation’s provisions has made the topic of fines and other sanctions an issue that has had the attention of all the companies, not only in Europe but worldwide.
Having this context and the importance of the topic in mind, the main focus of the thesis is related to how DPAs’ work on the EU multilevel governance system contribute on the accurate and consistent application of the GDPR. Also, analysing fines as one of the enforcement instruments in the system ruled from the EU principle of accountability is the other central point of the research. Additionally, it is known that we live in times when technology has been frequently developing and where digitalization is progressing in a high scale. This is translated into the flow of personal data (but not only) inside, across borders and IT systems of the EU. Such data flows so easily through IT systems and can as easily be misused from the subject that is processing those data. In order to guarantee, empower the individuals and give them control over their personal data the EU legislator has also detailed the penalties that occur when data that is processed is not in accordance with GDPR. In order to avoid such situation and to correct the cases where violations toward EU data protection law are present, special attention is given to the fines (Article 83-84 GDPR), as a key sanction tool. Therefore, the thesis is concentrated on administrative fines for data protection violations and their issues as well as on the limitations of such a sanction in the system of accountability in Europe. It’s aim is analysing the fines problematic and situations that Member States have faced so far in practice.
Keywords:
Accountability, Data Protection Authority, European Union, Fines, General Data Protection Regulation, Multi-level governance.
The following thesis aims to explore the particular changes that occurred in user behavior on social media (Instagram, YouTube, Facebook) during the pandemic from March 2020 to present time, how these changes relate to user engagement rate and what impact these changes have on the online radio show industry from a perspective of emerging independent radio show series “Widows Radio”. For limitation purposes of the research, purposive sampling method is used to identify particular behaviors. As a result of the research, a list of changes of user behavior are identified, specific impact of these changes on user engagement rate is shown. On the base of the conducted research, several recommendations for the online radio company “Widows Radio” regarding their social media strategy are provided.
Transnational Climate Change Governance Challenges and Prospects: The Case of Private Governance
(2021)
There are multiple environmental and social risks associated with climate change, which increases the severity of climate change and necessitates immediate actions to be taken. Responding to the challenge of climate change has traditionally been seen as the primary responsibility of nation-states. However, there is a surge of transnational actors consisting of non-state, sub-state actors, and private-public partnerships that claim governance responsibilities in climate change in recent years. The purpose of this thesis to identify circumstances and motivations that induced transnational climate governance practices. This research mainly focuses on private climate governance activities that are managed and regulated by the private sector and non-governmental organizations in the absence of a public authority. This thesis also aims to illuminate potentials and limitations of private climate governance mechanisms to scale up global climate action. Critical evaluation of the literature revealed that as United Nations-sponsored international climate change governance, architecture evolved from a top-down regulatory framework towards a flexible, bottom-up approach, from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement. This process rendered intergovernmental structures and states to delegate and orchestrate greater authority to non- state actors to take climate action. In addition to this, governance deficits and governance gaps associated with the United Nations-regulated international climate governance lead non- state actors to entrepreneurially engage in governance practices due to their dissatisfaction with the intergovernmental framework. Two case studies are conducted to analyze private governance mechanisms in the form of voluntary carbon markets and carbon disclosure, which exhibit this entrepreneurial action in the absence of formal public authority. Results revealed that private climate governance practices incentivize climate action in the short-run, yet they might not accrue actual environmental progress in the long-run. In that sense, it remains puzzling whether the private governance practices can expand the scale and reach of global responses to climate change.
Meine Forschungsarbeiten zur behördlichen Kontrolle von Anteilserwerben an Agrarunternehmen betreffen Kernfragen des Agrarrechts an den Schnittpunkten des Zivil-, Gesellschafts-, Verfassungs- und Europarechts. Dieses Working Paper gibt meinen Forschungsstand wieder, wie ich ihn unter dem Titel „Die behördliche Kontrolle von Anteilserwerben an Agrarunternehmen wagen?!“ auf dem 75. Agrarrechtsseminar in Goslar am 29. September 2020 vorstellte. Maßgeblich ist dabei die Integration des Anteilserwerbes in das bisherige System der grundstückverkehrsrechtlichen Kontrolle und damit verbunden das Votum für eine Gesetzgebungskompetenz der Bundesländer. Weiterhin postuliere ich, dass eine „doppelten Auslöseschwelle“ für eine behördliche Kontrolle erforderlich sei, die den erworbenen Einfluss in der Gesellschaft und den bewirtschaften Flächenumfang der Zielgesellschaft berücksichtigt. Ferner verdient das Scharnier zwischen Landes-Agrarpolitischen Berichten und der Auslegung von Rechtsbegriffen und die ersten Leitplanken der Grundrechte und Europäischen Grundfreiheiten Beachtung.
Teile des Vortages sind inzwischen in der Zeitschrift Agrar- und Umweltrecht (AUR) 2020 Seite 365 – 371 unter der Überschrift „Die behördliche Kontrolle von Anteilserwerben (share deals) wagen - Der zivilrechtliche und gesellschaftsrechtliche Ablauf eines Anteilskaufes, die Gesetzgebungskompetenz der Bundesländer für den landwirtschaftlichen Grundstücksverkehr und die systematisch teleologische Integration der Anteilserwerbe in den bestehenden Katalog zu kontrollierender Rechtsgeschäfte“ erschienen. Dieses Working Paper stellt nun mein Thesenpapier vor und flankiert es mit den erläuternden Folien meines damaligen Vortrages. Ergänzt ist das Szenario 6. Hier erwirbt Gesellschafter 2 (G2) einen bestimmenden Einfluss an der Agrar-GmbH. Die G2 bewirtschaftet dabei selbst umfangreiche Agrarflächen.
Mit Blick auf die Grundrechte der Marktteilnehmenden des Bodenmarktes sei auf meinen jüngsten Festschriftsbeitrag mit dem Titel „Der grundgesetzliche Gleichheitsgrundsatz und die Selbstbestimmung der Vertragsparteien auf dem landwirtschaftlichen Bodenmarkt“ in: Selbstbestimmung – Freiheit und Grenzen, Festschrift für Reinhard Singer zum 70. Geburtstag, Tölle/Benedict/Klawitter/Koch/Paulus/Preetz (Hrsg.), Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin, 2021, S. 661 – 674 hingewiesen.
The debate over a European Green Deal has contributed to emphasize the need to reduce environmental cost and the urgency of decarbonizing the road transport sector. Therefore, the thesis operationalizes the materialist state theory to distinguish between competing hegemony projects in the struggle over the EU’s mobility transition, in order to identify the driving forces in the European road transport sector. By empirically analyzing the power relations behind the Energy Taxation Directive and the CO2 emissions for passenger cars, the results indicate two dominant hegemony projects that are contesting the implementation of the green transition: 'the authoritarian neoliberal project' and 'the green capitalist project'. None of these projects will be enough to decarbonize the transport sector without shifting emissions and environmental costs elsewhere, nor will either project move away from a car-dependent system.
Megatrends als Erfolgsfaktor der Produktstrategie - ein Vergleich der Marken HARIBO und Katjes
(2021)
Eine Koalitionsarbeitsgruppe erstellte einen Entwurf für ein Agrarstrukturgesetz (ASG LSA) und legte ihn im November 2020 als Drucksache 7/6804 dem Landtag vor. Dieser Beitrag unterzieht den Entwurf einer ersten rechtswissenschaftlichen Würdigung und soll damit dem Gesetzgeber für das weitere parlamentarische Verfahren Hinweise und Anregungen geben.