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Der Markt für Milchprodukte stellt mit seiner Größe ein bedeutendes Potenzial für pflanzliche Alternativen wie Hafermilch dar. In diesen Markt hineinzuwachsen und Kuhmilch teilweise zu verdrängen erscheint in Anbetracht des wachsenden Trends der Reduktion tierischer Produkte derweilen realistisch. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Kommunikationskampagne entwi-ckelt, die sich direkt an die Konsumenten von Kuhmilch richtet und sie davon überzeugen soll, teilweise oder vollständig auf Hafermilch umzusteigen. Herausfordernd ist dabei, das habituelle Kaufverhalten der Kuhmilchkonsumenten zu durchbrechen. Sekundärforschung, ein Fokus-gruppeninterview sowie eine Online-Befragung legen nahe, dass eine Kampagne am Ort des Kaufes der Produkte am meisten Erfolg verspricht. Das dortige gewohnte Umfeld muss mit Kaufanreizen ausgestattet werden, um das habituelle Kaufverhalten zu durchbrechen. Außerdem sollte die Werbung an die Motive der Kuhmilchkonsumenten appellieren und sie dazu bringen, das gewohnte Verhalten bewusst zu kontrollieren. Weiterhin sollten Influencer in die Kampagne intergiert werden, da Hafermilch besonders häufig durch Empfehlung von Freunden gekauft wird. Überzeugend wirken auch verständlich aufbereitete Produktinformationen sowie die Be-tonung von Convenience und Modernität der Hafermilch.
Startup incubation at universities is becoming increasingly important due to their ability to promote entrepreneurship among students and to increase the chance of survival of the created ventures. Moreover, due to the typically longer years of work experience of MBA students relative to other students, MBA students represent a key segment that such programs should target as previous research has shown that experience is a success factor in startup founders. However, there is little research in available literature on how to design startup incubation programs to maximize the participation and success of MBA students.
In this thesis, startup incubation programs at some leading universities around the world is surveyed. The goal is to come up with a framework inspired by the traits, internal or eco-system based, common to the successful university-based startup incubators. By evaluating these success factors with the preferences of MBA students, the thesis proposes certain services or processes that should be considered to design a university-based incubation program for MBA students. The result will be useful to university managers seeking to build an enduring entrepreneurial ecosystem and improve the entrepreneurial support services at their universities, especially for MBA students.
The thesis is composed of two aspects: first and foremost, desk research is conducted to catalogue the support services that are available to student entrepreneurs at some leading university-based startup incubators around the world. Secondly, a case study of part-time MBA students at the Berlin School of Economics and Law (HWR Berlin) is conducted through a survey and series of interviews. The study reveals several interesting results:
• All the studied startup incubators offer comparable basic services including, mentorship, workspace, seminars, funding, network, etc. The key difference is how those services are provisioned and the extent to which they use specific services to differentiate themselves.
• The universities place entrepreneurship at a center stage with the involvement of the universities’ top management and several institutions within and outside the universities, i.e., they build entrepreneurial ecosystems, rather than isolated startup incubation programs.
• The universities leverage their relative strengths or situation in their entrepreneurial support services e.g., technologically oriented universities such as MIT, Technion, NUS and TUM, focus on creating an environment where more innovation is created and on technology commercialization, Stanford University offers remarkable access to Silicon Valley, SETsquared partnership raises the profile of its members by creating critical mass in a regional alliance.
• Stanford University and MIT have diverse programs that give students multiple entry points to the ecosystems and allow the students’ experience to be easily customizable according to their needs.
• The case study showed an improved entrepreneurial self-efficacy (self-confidence) among the MBA students during the period of their MBA studies. Of equal significance, the study also showed a higher degree of improvement among final year students compared to first-year students of the two-year program. This could hint towards a modular design of startup incubation programs for MBA students, with more advanced activities left for the later part of the program.
• The survey revealed the preference of MBA students for a strong network, availability of mentors and coaches, and access to funding at their startup incubation center. A revelation which further strengthens the case for creating ecosystems.
Adoption of carbon regulation mechanisms facilitates an evolution toward green and sustainable supply chains followed by an increased complexity. Through the development and usage of a multi-choice goal programming model solved by an improved algorithm, this article investigates sustainability strategies for carbon regulations mechanisms. We first propose a sustainable logistics model that considers assorted vehicle types and gas emissions involved with product transportation. We then construct a bi-objective model that minimizes total cost as the first objective function and follows environmental considerations in the second one. With our novel robust-heuristic optimization approach, we seek to support the decision-makers in comparison and selection of carbon emission policies in supply chains in complex settings with assorted vehicle types, demand and economic uncertainty. We deploy our model in a case-study to evaluate and analyse two carbon reduction policies, i.e., carbon-tax and cap-and-trade policies. The results demonstrate that our robust-heuristic methodology can efficiently deal with demand and economic uncertainty, especially in large-scale problems. Our findings suggest that governmental incentives for a cap-and-trade policy would be more effective for supply chains in lowering pollution by investing in cleaner technologies and adopting greener practices.
With over one million people arriving in Germany to seek asylum since 2013, entering the labour market remains a key aspect for a successful integration process. In their attempt to attain employment, the recently arrived refugees face multiple challenges. One aspect that offers great potential to support them in finding suitable jobs and enhance their employability are Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs). This includes measures such as job-counselling, vocational training and direct placement in public or subsidised employment.
This research explores the extent to which ALMPs meet the needs and aspirations of recently arrived refugees with regard to entering the labour market. By means of conducting interviews with members of the target group, this research aims to gain insights into the accessibility, relevance and overall suitability of ALMPs from the perspective of the study participants themselves.
The study shows that the participants ALMPs as relevant in terms of responding to their employment needs and aspirations. However, they perceive the accessible range of activation measures to be limited to a large degree. Certain activation measures were perceived as highly irrelevant, while some were even perceived to be obstructive to their pursuit of employment. Most notably, the participants felt supported by the employees of Public Employment Services (PES) when it comes to receiving short term training. However, when it comes to long-term training, they felt discouraged or even obstructed. This illustrated a perceived conflict between the participants' long-term aspirations, which included a focus on long-term development, and the PES’s emphasis on short-term arrangements and a quick path into employment.
In the contemporary era, large number of companies publish their business performance as a report on the Internet. To make them usable in larger numbers, these reports must be read and labeled. This is inefficient and expensive. This study supports this business need by automatically classifying four different categories of metadata of financial reports. For training of the used random forest classifier, an active and a passive learning strategy are contrasted. The results show a clear advantage of active learning for classifying whether a financial report contains consolidated enterprise data or not. For more complicated multi-class classifications, no advantage is shown so far under the applied active learning strategy, however, there is potential to develop an alternative more efficient strategy.
Addressing Systemic Risk in Europe during Covid-19: policies, limitations, and challenges ahead
(2021)
This work examines the impacts which the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the stability of the European financial sector. Lockdowns, businesses unable to operate and uncertainty about how the pandemic would evolve fueled a sharp recession. From the lessons learned in the global financial crises and the Eurozone debt crises, there’s an increasing role of macroprudential policies, especially the regiments of the Basel III framework and the monetary policy toolkit. Alongside macroprudential regulation, the European Central Bank provided substantial monetary policy easing, for instance the release of capital buffers and other capital requirements, expanding the TLTRO III and Pandemic Emergency Program which facilitated monetary policy transmission. Authorities also deployed strong fiscal policies which encompassed from tax holidays to direct transfers to households and firms. The combination of fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policy was unprecedented and helped the economy during the shutdown moments. As a result, indicators of systemic risks in the banking sector during the pandemic remained relatively stable. Nevertheless, some challenges might emerge in the medium-term when policies are phased-out, namely the increasing size of non-performing loans and the sovereign doom-loop. Thus, in the final part of this text a stress test is conducted to evaluate the possible future impacts of the pandemic in the banking sector.
AI influencers - does it matter to consumers that their favourite influencer doesn't actually exist?
(2021)
This thesis analyzes the stock prices of German companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the theoretical background on stock prices, their value, and how investors make an investment decision, which is all covered by academic literature. In the second part of this thesis, the author answers the question, whether investors experienced herding behavior on the German stock market during the Covid-19 pandemic, by conducting multiple empirical tests. Here, the methodology uses daily closing prices and cross-sectional absolute deviations to conduct regression models, which test specifically for herding behavior. The results imply that investors did not significantly herd around the market during the observation period from 1st June 2019 to 31st May 2021. Due to the never-before-experienced global health crisis, analysts and investors faced great uncertainty. They focused more on private information, because the opinions of others changed rapidly, just like the surroundings during the pandemic. This paper provides key insights about investors herding behavior during the last two years in Germany.
Andreas Grimmel, Hrsg. 2020. Die neue Europäische Union. Zwischen Integration und Desintegration
(2021)
In dem von Andreas Grimmel herausgegebenen, 12 Beiträge umfassenden Sammelband vermitteln namhafte Expertinnen und Experten der deutschen Europaforschung ihre neuesten sowohl empirisch gewonnenen als auch theoriegeleiteten Erkenntnisse zum europäischen Integrationsprozess. Der Sammelband richtet sich an einen europapolitisch interessierten Leserkreis in Forschung und Lehre sowie an Studierende an Universitäten und Hochschulen, die einen Master-Studiengang mit Schwerpunkt Europawissenschaften belegen. Nachfolgend wird exemplarisch auf einige der 12 Beiträge kommentierend eingegangen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten Anforderungen an die charakterliche Eignung polizeilicher Nachwuchskräfte exploriert und folgende Fragestellungen beantwortet werden: (1) Welche Anforderungen an die charakterliche Eignung polizeilicher Nachwuchskräfte lassen sich identifizieren? (2) Inwieweit ergeben sich differenzierte Anforderungen für die Laufbahngruppen des mittleren und gehobenen Dienstes der Schutzpolizei sowie des gehobenen Dienstes der Kriminalpolizei? Hierzu wurden 38 mittels Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954) erhobene Interviews qualitativ ausgewertet und Anforderungen an die charakterliche Eignung polizeilicher Nachwuchskräfte der Polizei Berlin abgeleitet. Es konnte ein laufbahnübergreifendes Teil-Anforderungsprofil erstellt und herausgearbeitet werden, dass der Sozialen Kompetenz, Arbeitshaltung & Hingabe aber auch der Psychischen Stabilität eine herausragende Bedeutung für die erfolgreiche Bewältigung des Polizeidienstes zukommen.
Meine Forschungsarbeiten zur behördlichen Kontrolle von Anteilserwerben an Agrarunternehmen betreffen Kernfragen des Agrarrechts an den Schnittpunkten des Zivil-, Gesellschafts-, Verfassungs- und Europarechts. Dieses Working Paper gibt meinen Forschungsstand wieder, wie ich ihn unter dem Titel „Die behördliche Kontrolle von Anteilserwerben an Agrarunternehmen wagen?!“ auf dem 75. Agrarrechtsseminar in Goslar am 29. September 2020 vorstellte. Maßgeblich ist dabei die Integration des Anteilserwerbes in das bisherige System der grundstückverkehrsrechtlichen Kontrolle und damit verbunden das Votum für eine Gesetzgebungskompetenz der Bundesländer. Weiterhin postuliere ich, dass eine „doppelten Auslöseschwelle“ für eine behördliche Kontrolle erforderlich sei, die den erworbenen Einfluss in der Gesellschaft und den bewirtschaften Flächenumfang der Zielgesellschaft berücksichtigt. Ferner verdient das Scharnier zwischen Landes-Agrarpolitischen Berichten und der Auslegung von Rechtsbegriffen und die ersten Leitplanken der Grundrechte und Europäischen Grundfreiheiten Beachtung.
Teile des Vortages sind inzwischen in der Zeitschrift Agrar- und Umweltrecht (AUR) 2020 Seite 365 – 371 unter der Überschrift „Die behördliche Kontrolle von Anteilserwerben (share deals) wagen - Der zivilrechtliche und gesellschaftsrechtliche Ablauf eines Anteilskaufes, die Gesetzgebungskompetenz der Bundesländer für den landwirtschaftlichen Grundstücksverkehr und die systematisch teleologische Integration der Anteilserwerbe in den bestehenden Katalog zu kontrollierender Rechtsgeschäfte“ erschienen. Dieses Working Paper stellt nun mein Thesenpapier vor und flankiert es mit den erläuternden Folien meines damaligen Vortrages. Ergänzt ist das Szenario 6. Hier erwirbt Gesellschafter 2 (G2) einen bestimmenden Einfluss an der Agrar-GmbH. Die G2 bewirtschaftet dabei selbst umfangreiche Agrarflächen.
Mit Blick auf die Grundrechte der Marktteilnehmenden des Bodenmarktes sei auf meinen jüngsten Festschriftsbeitrag mit dem Titel „Der grundgesetzliche Gleichheitsgrundsatz und die Selbstbestimmung der Vertragsparteien auf dem landwirtschaftlichen Bodenmarkt“ in: Selbstbestimmung – Freiheit und Grenzen, Festschrift für Reinhard Singer zum 70. Geburtstag, Tölle/Benedict/Klawitter/Koch/Paulus/Preetz (Hrsg.), Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin, 2021, S. 661 – 674 hingewiesen.
Are Real Estate Investment Trust considered a safe investment choice in times of financial shock?
(2021)
This paper focuses on real estate investment trust (REIT), one specific asset class in the real estate sector, and intends to answer the following research question: are real estate investment trusts a safe choice for investors, particularly during financial shocks? This study re-examines the relationship between public-traded U.S. REIT and other asset classes by implementing statistical dependence analysis and OLS regression to determine whether and how they follow other markets in times of ambiguity. This study's final results indicate that public-traded U.S. REIT investment should not be considered a safe investment during crisis times because it follows the equity market.
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf das Kaufverhalten im Bereich des Online-Handels in Deutschland. Hierfür wird nach einer intensiven Literaturrecherche eine empirische Untersuchung in Form einer Online-Umfrage durchgeführt. Anhand der Umfrageergebnisse werden entsprechende Handlungsempfehlungen für den Online-Handel abgeleitet.
Die Corona-Pandemie hat für viele Branchen einen starken Umsatzeinbruch bedeutet. Anders sieht es bei dem stark umkämpften Lebensmitteleinzelhandel aus, der während der gesamten Zeit der Pandemie geöffnet bleiben durfte. Hier revanchieren die Konkurrenten um das Ver- trauen und die Aufmerksamkeit der Bevölkerung.
In diesem Kontext war es von Interesse, zu untersuchen, wie die Lebensmitteleinzelhändler die Krisenkommunikation gestaltet haben, sich diese im Zeitverlauf verändert hat und wie die Maß- nahmen von der relevanten Zielgruppe wahrgenommen wurden. Dazu wurde zunächst eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Instagram-Accounts und eines TV-Spots durchgeführt. In einem weiteren Schritt wurden die herausgearbeiteten Ergebnisse mithilfe einer Online-Befragung auf die Wahrnehmung bei den Kunden überprüft.
Die Analyse der Instagram-Feeds zeigte, dass sich die Unternehmen stark aneinander orientiert haben. Hierbei ähneln sich besonders die Discounter und Supermärkte untereinander.
Diese Einschätzung konnte von den Umfrageteilnehmern bestätigt werden. Die Branche hat zwar insgesamt einen guten und vertrauensvollen Eindruck hinterlassen, jedoch wurden keine starken Unterschiede festgestellt und die Bereitschaft, einen anderen Händler aufzusuchen ist gering. Nichtsdestotrotz wurden geringe Änderungen im Vertrauen zu den Händlern festge- stellt, wobei vor allem der Discounter Lidl profitieren konnte.
This thesis focuses on the automatic classification of research methods used in scientific articles in the domain of Information Systems, and studies the effectiveness of a state-of-the-art long-document Transformer technique, Longformer, on the multi-label classification task.
In recent years, the task of automatically extracting knowledge from academic articles has become more and more popular. However, as far as the author knows, due to the limitations of the max input sequence length of Transformer models, there has not yet been a comprehensive study on the classification of research methods using Transformer models, which have made extraordinary achievements in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) fields. Therefore, this thesis establishes an artifact that uses a modified Transformer model, Lomgformer, which can proceed with long-sequence inputs, to discuss its effectiveness and possible limitations. Additionally, this thesis also discusses and evaluates the performance of other benchmark models, such as the traditional Transformer - BERT and RoBERTa, and a non-transfer-learning model based on the architecture of convolutional neural network (CNN), which has been proven to have good performance by previous researchers.
As a result, this thesis proves that the Longformer-based artifact can effectively improve the classification performance for the scientific articles, and surpasses all the other models, not only the traditional Transformer models but also the models presented in the literature from the previous researchers.
The purpose of this study is to investigate marketing-mix strategies (adaptation and standardization) for the entry of Western footwear companies into the Chinese footwear market by exploring differences among Chinese consumers and differences in buying behavior for casual shoes and formal shoes in the Chinese footwear market. Three research gaps were identified and developed into research questions based on the analysis of extensive literature.
Consumer data was collected through questionnaire surveys conducted in China. The results of this research suggest a standardized product strategy and that price, place, and promotion strategies are adapted to meet Chinese consumers’ unique needs for buying footwear products.
The results also indicated that consumers from diverse backgrounds consider different factors when buying casual and formal shoes and considered how they influence the marketing mix strategy. In conclusion, and based on the study’s results, the paper considers the implications for management to provide recommendations for businesses interested in the Chinese footwear market.
Brand purpose has gained considerable importance in recent years. However, the term is not uniformly defined which makes an exemplification more difficult. The aim of this study is to give a detailed view on current brand purpose illustrations and practices. Therefore, an overview of different brand purpose interpretations is given, and a unified definition provided. Within this study brand purpose is defined as an organization’s inner core which is driving value for stakeholders by addressing a societal issue.
An extensive literature review in combination with expert interviews is performed to identify potential success factors for the implementation of brand purpose. The outcome of this analysis resulted in a brand purpose framework with five dimensions and 26 underlying success factors. This framework is then evaluated within a multiple-case study. By analyzing four best practice organizations in their implementation of brand purpose the previous results of the literature analysis are examined. The outcome of the case study research represents an updated brand purpose framework in which the success factor authenticity has notably stood out as one major aspect in brand purpose practices.
Lastly recommendations for the implementation of brand purpose are given. Therefore, it is important to build a community to collectively practice purpose- oriented activities which are creating value for the organization’s stakeholders.