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Demokratische Instrumente auf der kommunalen Ebene, insbesondere Bürgerentscheide in Personalangelegenheiten - zur Abwahl von Bürgermeistern. Zahlenmäßige Vollerfassung aus den letzten 30 Jahren und Betrachtung der Auswirkungen auf Gemeinde, Bürger und Bürgermeister. Blick nach Baden-Württemberg und Bayern, sowie zum Recall in die USA, Erarbeitung möglicher Stellschrauben in der Politik
This paper analyses and lays the ground for the development of an employer brand that is designed to
help a Berlin - based business incubator to attract and retain tech talent. The company case exemplifies
which elements are necessary to develop an employer brand and how distinguishing characteristics of
an employer brand may look like. It gets clear that an one-size-fits-all approach is not effective.
The meaning of a management system is to establish systematic and continuous
reliable procedures.
Potential for improvement should be identified to realize improvement and to achieve evidence for
them. Meanwhile, many organizations operate management systems. In Europe, around 8,000 companies run a certified information security management system. Several companies struggle with the
requirement to evaluate the effectiveness of the system plausible and traceable.
In this elaboration a process model is presented which offers a rigorous approach for evaluating the effectiveness of the management system and the performance of information security. Process approach, goal question metric and strict adjustment to the standard ISO/IEC 27001 have been important success factors for the planning of the method.
With the unchanging high failure rate of M&As, recent research is putting an increasing emphasis on
Cultural Due Diligence (CDD) and socio
-
cultural Post
-
Merger Integration (PMI) Management. Nevertheless, the state of the art on CDD is still rare, leading to the fact that its actual value for a successful
PMI remains unclear. Addressing this gap is the basic objective of this paper. In more detail the paper tries to clarify whether CDD is a necessary prerequisite for a successful PMI. The paper finds that the
CDD process creates considerable value for the subsequent PMI as it facilitates a fast and smooth cultural integration and as such accelerates the operative integration of M&A
Es wird wissenschaftlich kontrovers diskutiert,
ob kausal schlüssige und empirisch robuste Befunde
für die Beeinflussung der „realen“ Lebensm
ittelpreise durch Spekulanten vorliegen.
Die korrelative Koinzidenz von ansteigender Terminmarktspekulation und einem steigenden Preisniveau lässt auf den ersten Blick einen kausalen Zusammenhang logisch erscheinen.
Die Auswertung von wissenschaftlicher Literatur so wie eine eigens durchgeführte Analyse im vorliegenden Beitrag können die Gedankenkette der Spekulationsgegner jedoch nicht bestätigen. Nach
aktuellem Stand der Forschung kann die Annahme nicht erhärtet werden, dass die erhöhte Terminmarktspekulation das Niveau und die Volatilität der Agrarrohstoffpreise hat signifikant ansteigen lassen.
This paper analyzes the differences in labor demand
between family and non-family firms. The majority of firms in modern economies are still family controlled. In addition, these firms seem to exhibit
better employment performance than other companies. Therefore, this study estimates a labor demand
model with German establishment panel data. Moreover, a Heckman correction is introduced to the regressions to avoid selectivity. The results of random effects and fractional panel probit estimations
indicate that own-wage and output elasticities are
lower in absolute values, thus supporting the assumption that family firms offer higher job security and are more risk averse than other establishments. However, this result does not hold if the in
vestigation is restricted to establishments with 20 or
more employees. There is no evidence of different b
ehavior in larger family firms.
This work develops an evaluation framework to Arts
-
Based Brand Research (ABBR) to make methods
comparable. Further the evaluation framework is used to compare four arts
-
based methods. It turned
out that previous studies try to capture the brand image on a verbal cognitive level, but this proceeds cannot detect the unconscious emotions and attributes. There is a risk of standardized survey, because the emotions and attributes
to the brand, which manifest themselves through images, colors,
fragrances, etc., cannot be detected. The reason is the loss between the "translations" of non
-
verbal in
the verbal attributes. Therefore, there are arts
-
based methods that allow working closely on the human
senses. Four methods were compared based on the evaluation framework: Lego Serious Play (LSP),
Multi Sensory Sculpting (MSS), Psychodrawing (PD) and Collage (C). The results of this study show that the newly developed evaluation framework allows a distinguished and systematic comparison of
market research methods. The evaluation framework led to the conclusion that art
-
based methods are
well suited even on sensitive issues such as sustainability. Futhermore the respondents felt the methods as entertaining and enjoyable. The Methods Collage and Psychodrawing performed particularly
well with respect to the required time and the variety of associations.
Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes
MitCSR wurden sechs Fallstudien ausgearbeitet, die der Frage nachgingen, welche Wirkung Corporate Social Responsibility auf die Rekrutierung und Bindung von
Mitarbeitern hat. Für die Erhebung der Wirkung wurd
en die Einflussfaktoren CSR-Performanz und
CSR-Kommunikation von der abhängigen Variable CSR-W
ahrnehmung unterschieden (CSR-Trias). In
fragebogengestützten Interviews wurde die Perspekti
ve der Unternehmensleitung sowie der bestehenden Mitarbeiter erhoben. Weitere Erkenntnisquellen waren u.a. Bewertungen der CSR-Performanz
mittels Kriterien und Indikatoren. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass von den fünf unterschiedenen CSR-
Bereichen - Mitarbeiter, Umwelt, Markt, Gesellschaft und Unternehmensführung – der erstgenannte
Mitarbeiterbereich die höchste Bedeutung hat. Sowohl Performanz als auch Kommunikation und
Wahrnehmung sind hier signifikant höher ausgeprägt
als für die übrigen vier Bereiche. Dem entspricht
eine hohe zugewiesene Bindungswirkung. Diese Ergebnisse zeigten alle sechs Fallstudien gleichermaßen mit nur geringen Abweichungen im Detail.
Diese Arbeit untersucht anhand der qualitativen Forschungsmethode Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation
Technique (ZMET), was Konsumenten unter Nachhaltigkeit in der Modebranche verstehen, welche
Eigenschaften über den Kauf von Modeprodukten entscheiden und welche Merkmale zu Treibern und Barrieren für den Konsumenten werden, wenn sie sich mit Kaufentscheidungen in der nachhaltigen Modebranche auseinandersetzen. Die Untersuchungsgruppe ist die Generation Y, da bisherige Untersuchungen zeigen, dass diese Gruppe ein hohes Interesse an Bekleidung hat. Projektive Verfahren, wie die ZMET Methode werden eingesetzt, um sozial erwünschte Antworten zu vermeiden und durch
Assoziations- und Collagentechniken vom Konsum
enten unbewusste Gedanken und Emotionen zu
erfahren. ZMET stellt mit ihren 14 Schritten eine
aufwendige qualitative Methode dar und wird in dieser Arbeit auf ihre Vor- und Nachteile und auf ih
re Eignung für dieses Forschungsthema hin unter-
sucht. Die Studie zeigt, dass zwar die Generation Y eine vielfältige und ausdifferenzierte Vorstellung
von Nachhaltigkeit hat, aber Nachhaltigkeit gerade in der Modebranche aus Sicht der Konsumenten
immer noch eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Kriterien wie Preis, Attraktivität des Modeartikels, Qualität und Passform sind den Konsumenten immer noch deutlich wichtiger. Diese bemängeln das Fehlen von politischen Rahmenbedingungen für kontrollierte Siegel, die durch Medien und Unternehmen kommuniziert und etabliert werden, um dann als mächtiger Konsument genug informiert zu sein. Die
Generation Y wünscht sich eine Entlastung durch „ehrliche“ Siegel. Deshalb wird Unternehmen empfohlen, sich auf die Weitergabe von Informationen über ihre Standards und Qualität und die Sicherung
dieser zu fokussieren.
Die Forschung zur Auswirkung von funktionaler Team
Diversity auf Teamleistung hat bisher gemischte Ergebnisse gebracht. Im Kontext der sozialen Identität eines Teams werden im vorliegenden Beitrag zunächst Hypothesen über die Beziehungen zwischen funktionaler Vielfalt, Teamvertrauen, Elaboration und jeweils der Teamleistung als abhängiger Variable aufgestellt. Die Hypothesen werden
dann in einer empirischen Feldstudie von 65 Teams aus 49 verschiedenen Organisationen, haupt-
sächlich aus der D-A-CH-Region, getestet. Im Ergebnis kann das Verhältnis zwischen der funktionalen Vielfalt in Teams und der Teamleistung anhand einer u-förmigen Kurve; zwischen Teamvertrauen
sowie dem Kommunikationsstil Elaboration und der Teamleistung dagegen anhand einer umgekehrt
u-förmigen kurvilinearen Beziehung beschrieben werd
en. Das Untersuchungsdesign schafft detaillierte Einblicke in Wirkungszusammenhänge der untersuchten Variablen, generiert Ansätze für weitere theoretische Analysen und bildet die Basis für die
Ableitung von Handlungsmaximen für Praktiker in Organisationen.
The purpose of this article is to explore the market reactions and determinants to 180 investor presentations by the German DAX 30 companies illustrating half-year and year-end results from 2010 to
2012. Therefore, an event study is conducted. In line with previous studies, the article finds significantly Abnormal Returns (ARs). For 57 of 180 presentations, the most significant presentat
ion impact is
realized directly on the presentation dates, with a similar distribution of half
-year and year-end presentations. Nearly two thirds refer to significantly positive ARs, which is i
n line with the general DAX
performance in the examined three years period. Pre-market or delayed market reacti
ons do not exist.
Furthermore, Operating Cash Flow (OCF), as a possible market reaction determinant is tes
ted. The
change of OCF shows a significant medium correlation. The article indicates
that investor present actions are informative events, where the preparation and the surroundings play a minor role.
Abstract
Vietnam is one of the country have the fast growing GDP in developing countries. With this growing up, there is many opportunities & challenges we have to face. Banks are considered as the most important field to drive the economy, based on the banking system we can know clearly about the health of economy.
Since Vietnam entranced WTO, join to global market, Banking Vietnam system had to face to Foreign banking with abundant investment capital and high skilled human resources. The business activity became more complicated & competition pressure between Banking was intense, along with that, risk was also increased.
Risk is existed in any Banking activity, the more profit we have, the more risk we face. There for, the effective of business activity depends on risk management capability of Banking.
The objective in this study is to enhance the understanding of Risks in Commercial Banking and emphasis what is the most important risk with the big impact on Banking system, given the research how to apply solution to precaution & control the risks (Credit Risk) of Vietnam Commercial Bank.
With these problem above, I chose the Research Topic "Risk management in Commercial Banking Vietnam‖"
Abstract
Together with the development of economy, the economic relations in manufacturing and
trading processes generated and became more and more diversified leading to many challenges in
competition. Simultaneously, it creates new conditions and opportunities which require banks to
promote their operations, to be dynamic and responsive, and to utilize all available abilities of
capital sources, manpower and technology, etc. Lending activities of banks mainly focus on loan
for manufacturing and trading. Besides that, banks also provide critical operations serving the
consumer needs of individuals and households. The more developed the society is, the more
people’s needs increase. Thus, if banks develop these activities, it will contribute to the increase of
income, risk distribution as well as enhance capital using efficiency.
Recognizing the importance of consumer lending activity to the social life in general and to
banks in particular together with knowledge accumulated during study process and the help of Prof.
Dr. Rainer and staffs working at BIDV, I chose the topic: “Measures to Expand Consumer
Lending - The Case of the Bank for Investment and Development of Viet Nam (BIDV) ”.
Value chain management and it's role in economic development: Rice production in Vietnam Submitted
(2015)
Abstract
Vietnam is an Asia and Pacific country, land; natural conditions are favorable for
tropical agricultural products especially for rice production. Although resources and
mobilize investment for rice production is quite large, value which Vietnam received is
not really adequate, even are considered to be very low, so that the Master’s thesis will
focus on analyzing the main causes leading to low value from that proposing solutions to
manage and enhance the value chain in the rice production, to improve the
competitiveness of products, the value which is allocated to the related object is
reasonable.
Corporate Governance: The Effects of Board Attributes on Performance of Listed Firms in Vietnam
(2015)
Abstract
Corporate governance affects financial performance of a firm. This relationship has been
documented in recent studies in several countries. However, such literature has been very
limited in Vietnam where the code of corporate governance was just put into practice few
years ago. Therefore, an investigation of whether corporate governance affects
performance of Vietnamese listed firms is worth conducting. This study focuses on
emphasizing the advantages of good corporate governance practice and exploring what
features of the board, the most important determinant of corporate governance, could
impact firm performance. Based on a panel data for 156 manufacturing companies trading
on the HNX and the HOSE from 2009 to 2012, the obtained result shows that boards of
smaller size and with higher proportion of female directors are associated with better
financial performance. Meanwhile, CEO duality makes no difference in this regard.
Abstract
As a result of its economic growth, China experienced an amazing growth in commodities consumption. The demand for base metals increased in a sharp pace. Last year, to further develop its economy, China created a test zone for the rest of the country, the China Shanghai pilot Free Trade Zone (CSPFTZ). The new trade zone possibly has several changes for the Chinese base metal market. In this thesis, research has been done about the current problems in the Chinese base metal markets and the effects of the CSPFTZ on these Chinese base metal markets. In the thesis is been focused on the non-ferrous base metal markets, such as copper, aluminium, nickel, zinc, lead and tin.
Since the opening up of the Chinese economy, the Chinese commodity market developed always with much involvement of the regulatory institutions to create effective commodity markets. The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) still acts careful in implementing new regulations, adding new futures products and let Chinese and foreigners respectively invest in foreign and Chinese futures markets. The commodity market developed very fast and in the 90’s this resulted in several cases of over- speculation of the market.
China has now three commodity exchanges and one of them is the Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) where different metal contracts can be traded. China is nowadays an important player in the base metal markets. China accounted last year for 46% of the world’s base metal consumption. However, there are still several problems in the Chinese base metal markets.
At first, the capital controls of the Chinese government resulted in creative financial deals; Chinese commodity financial deals by Chinese companies in order to get credit. And they use base metals, such as copper as collateral for these financial deals. This causes a higher demand for base metal contracts, which is not a reflection of the real economic demand. And there are arbitrage possibilities in several ways: physical arbitrage between the London Metal Exchange (LME) and the SHFE and interest and currency arbitrage possibilities through the commodity financial deals.
Another problem is the warehousing. For several years, the London Metal Exchange (LME) tries to put foot in China. The entry of LME warehouses in China would open many opportunities for Chinese participants of the market.
2
In addition, Chinese people are in general not allowed to invest in foreign futures markets and foreigners are not allowed to invest in the Chinese futures markets, as is stated in the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors regulations (QFII). Because China is not the price maker at the moment, it wants more influence on the prices of base metals. To solve this problem, China could develop the SHFE and allow it to open up its doors for foreign investors and institutions. A first step is being made by setting up the oil trading platform in the zone which will be open for foreigners as well.
Furthermore, the CSPFTZ plans to change the capital controls in the zone which could lead to changes in the metal market, because there is no more need for commodity financial deals when Chinese firms could easier get credit.
Moreover, it originally was the plan to allow the LME to set up warehouses in the zone, but this plan has now been cancelled by the authorities, however this could change in the near future.
The CSPFTZ is important for the commodity market because it improves the financial environment in China and it plans to help commodity market participants in several ways.
Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the impact of celebrity endorsement in advertisement on
Chinese and Western consumers’ decision making. In order to fulfill the research goals the
questionnaire among 100 respondents (50 Western and 50 Chinese) and 10 interviews (5
Western and 5 Chinese) were conducted.
The results show that celebrity endorsement influence both groups. However, a greater
impact on Chinese consumers has been noticed. According to the study, this is because they
seem to treat celebrities as “better” human beings then themselves and they generally seem
more interested in celebrities’ lives. Western, on the other hand, are also influenced by
celebrities, however, they seem more demanding towards celebrities’ accomplishment and
would be sometimes even irritated by some of them.
The same results were found in terms of purchase intention where Chinese were influenced
by more advertisements than Western and the major factor of purchase desire was
determined by likable celebrity. Western consumers valued the brand image the most.
Abstract
This paper standing on the macro level, analyzes theoretically and empirically
whether bank-based or market-based financial structure is better for general R&D
intensity and business R&D intensity, and measures financial structure form
relative size, activity and efficiency of stock market to banks. Furthermore, the
empirical study includes data grouped by financial development, industrial
structure and government power. The purpose of this paper lies in proving
evidence for raising R&D intensity by enlarging financial market’s size, promoting
its activity and improving its efficiency. Meanwhile, by grouped analysis, this
paper tries to provide advices on ways of raising R&D intensity by optimizing
financial structure for countries in various financial conditions, with various
industrial structures or different degrees of government power.
On the basis of previous literature, this paper firstly describes typical
characteristics of business R&D which are distinguished from other investment
activities. Secondly, the mechanism of financial structure’s effects on business
R&D is analyzed, which contains three aspects: risk management, information
dissemination and corporate governance. It is concluded that market-based
financial structure has the ability to provide more capital for high-risky and
strong-innovative R&D activities. At last, from the perspective of industrial
structure and government power, the mechanism of financial structure’s effects on
overall R&D intensity is studied. It is concluded that market-based financial
structure is better for the development of high-tech industry, but government has
the power to control state-owned banks and policy banks aiming at support R&D
selectively.
In the empirical part, explained variables are general R&D intensity and business
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Financial Structure on R&D Intensity: Based on the Panel Data of 49 Countries
R&D intensity; explanatory variables are first-lagged R&D intensity, relative size,
activity and efficiency of stock market to bank; in order to ensure the validity of
models, control variables, economic development, human capital, industry
structure, government power and financial development, are added. The panel data
of this paper contains 49 countries from 2001 to 2010. Furthermore, the whole
sample is grouped respectively by the average value of financial development,
industrial structure and government power, which generates in total 6-group
dataset. As one-period lagged R&D intensity is treated as an explanatory variable,
the dataset has wider cross-section variables but shorter time-period, so Corrected
Two-step Difference GMM is used as the method of estimation for all models.
The conclusions are as follow. Firstly, a significant positive correlation between
one-period lagged R&D intensity and current R&D intensity, and business R&D
intensity’s correlation is stronger. Secondly, the relative size of stock market to
bank has positive effects on business R&D intensity, but no significant effects on
overall R&D, even slightly negative effects. However, the correlations are
different inside groups. Thirdly, significant positive correlations between relative
activity and overall R&D intensity or Business intensity are found for the whole
sample, but for groups, there are various correlations. At last, significant positive
correlations between relative efficiency and overall R&D intensity or Business
intensity are also found. However, for some groups, such as traditional industry
group and strong government power group, the correlation is negative.According
to the conclusions, four pieces of policy proposals are put forward.
Abstract
With the advent of the era of information technology the number of Internet
users taking advantage of online shopping has been steadily growing. Such
tendency is also applicable to the travel industry and its big part – online air ticket
bookings, which has rapidly adopted Internet technology and online services.
Having its enormous population and huge number of travellers shopping online,
Chinese online air ticket market presents great potential for domestic firms as well
as for foreign agents. In this study consumer behavior of Chinese and German air
ticket buyers is examined in a cross-cultural perspective. Based on the 5-stage
model of the buying decision process and Hofstede’s dimensions of national
culture this research identifies differences and similarities between the Chinese
and the Germans in terms of their information search, purchase and post purchase
behavior. The findings reveal what sources of information are mostly used and
what attributes of online air ticket offer are mostly valued by air passengers from
these two countries. In addition, this study tests several hypotheses about
travellers’ perceptions of sales agent’s reputation and mobile devices usage and
draws some conclusions and implications for a foreign air ticket agent planning to
expand to Chinese market.
Abstract
Since the economists McKinnon and Shaw introduce the "financial deepening"
theory, the financial deepening and economic development of developing
countries got increasing attention by scholars and governments alike. Developing
countries such as South Korea, Chile, the Philippines, and Argentina are example
for countries that have implemented the interest rate liberalization to accomplish
financial deepening reform.
With the construction of the socialist market economic system deepening in China,
the interest rate liberalization becomes an important tool for allocating the market
resources. It is the key to strengthen China’s indirect financial control and to
complete the operation of financial institutions’ mechanism independently.
Moreover, it is a necessary condition to improve China’s competitiveness in the
international market. Since 1993, China chose the path of interest rate
liberalization and has been realize the marketization of interest rate in multiple
levels and areas, however, the deposit interest rate liberalization did not yet have
an effective process and breakthrough.
In recent years, the market for financial products developed rapidly in China.
Banks’ financial products are actively promoting the development of the deposit
interest rate liberalization. Under the big trend of interest rate marketization, the
purpose of banks issuing financial products is to maximize profits. When the
traditional business is facing challenges, banks create competitive products to
substitute deposits, while the yield of financial products is market-oriented pricing,
break through the deposit interest rate cap, rising to the real market interest rate.
Whether the above views can indicate that our country is deeply promote the
marketization of interest rates on deposits. In this paper, based on this starting
point, it studies the development of bank financial products, through the impact of
financial products on the deposit interest rate liberalization, the article studies
whether China has preliminarily realized the deposit interest rate marketization,
thus whether it realized the full interest rate liberalization.
Abstract
This study investigates the potential for Swiss industries in Southwest China and how this
potential reflects the strengths of Swiss industries. It also provides recommendations for how
this potential can be better realised. The study is based on a quantitative analysis of
secondary sources as well as on a qualitative analysis of expert interviews. The findings of
the analysis indicate that the main potential for Swiss industries is related to the growing
demand for consumer goods. Therefore, producers directly or indirectly involved in
producing consumer goods and services have the highest potential. With regard to the
existing industry clusters in Southwest China, the following key Swiss industries were found
to have the highest potential: Pharma/Chemistry, Luxury goods, Mechanical engineering,
Electrical engineering /Electronics and Food. It was also found that in order to fully exploit
the potential of Swiss industries, more FDI is needed. This in turn could be achieved through
Swiss business support institutions in Southwest China. It was concluded that a combined
Swiss consulate and Swiss Business Hub would be the ideal institution to achieve this. As
this study only assesses the general economic trends in Southwest China, further research on
trends at the industry or firm level is recommended.
Managementinstrumente im Energiemanagement im Studiengang Nachhaltigkeits- und Qualitätsmanagement
(2014)
Abstract
Energiemanagement existiert bereits seit geraumer Zeit in Unternehmen, wurde aber erstmals in der Norm 50001 für Energiemanagementsysteme konkret erfasst, wodurch die zuvor überwiegend technisch orientierte Betrachtungsweise zur Erreichung von Energiezielen durch eine betriebswirtschaftliche Komponente ergänzt wurde. Damit werden Managementaspekte in den Vordergrund gerückt. Trotz nachgewiesener Erfol-ge durch den Einsatz von Energiemanagementsystemen und ihrer hohen politischen Relevanz gilt das Energiemanagement aus Sicht der Forschung als in weiten Teilen nur ansatzweise erschlossen. Dies liegt zum Teil darin begründet, dass in der Norm keine konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen und Instrumentarien zu deren Umsetzung aufgeführt werden.
In Folge dessen sind Unternehmen bei der Suche nach angemessenen und zweckmä-ßigen Managementinstrumenten oftmals verunsichert und überfragt. Daher widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit der Untersuchung vorhandener Managementinstrumente im Hinblick auf ihre Anwendbarkeit im Energiemanagement. Im Ergebnis wird die differie-rende Eignung der Instrumente aufgezeigt.
This thesis investigates the Chinese market for medical imaging equipment
and its importance for multinational corporations. The focus lies especially on
the future relevance of low2cost segments in this market and the question,
how international companies could be successful in these segments.
The thesis describes viable strategies for developing low2cost medical devices
that aim at emerging markets. In this context, specific requirements of the
Chinese market framework are pointed out. Furthermore, the Chinese
medical device market is segmented and the role of multinational
corporations is explained in detail. Finally, the findings are used to generate
recommendations for multinational corporations on how to target the lower
market segments.
It is shown, that, due to China s socioeconomic developments and
governmental influences, the relevance of the lower segments of the medical
imaging equipment market will increase. Multinational corporations have for
a long time ignored this field and are just recently developing products for this
market. They need to actively rethink their business mindset, to be able to
develop cheap products that satisfy the needs of China s basic healthcare
institutions.
Abstract
Research on the practice of revitalization strategies in developed countries is
growing, but there are still relatively few examinations of specific strikes conducted
in connection with such strategies. This thesis would like to fill this gap.
Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s and Hickey’s (2004) conceptualization of the
comprehensive campaign as a multifaceted approach, one that has notably been
utilized in the SEIU’s ‘Justice for Janitors’ campaign, this thesis examines how
both the IG BAU and the FNV-Bondgenoten have made use of elements of this
approach in strike action. Analyzing data obtained through expert interviews,
published documents and newspaper reports, I argue that both trade unions have
shown that it is possible to pursue industrial action even with reduced membership
density, while using elements of organizing.
After 1978 economics reform, China started to absorb Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and became the second biggest country in the world after USA for inward FDI. Almost all of famous and big Multi-National Companies (MNCs) invested in China. Huge domestic market, cheap labor force and government incentives make China an attractive place for foreign investors. However, both foreign investors and China have benefited from mutual relation. Yet, FDI has negative impact on China’s wage dispersion and income inequality. This thesis examines the positive and negative effects of FDI in China industrial sector during 1999-2010 using fact findings methodology. Main data is from China Statistical Year Book. The results of this research show that FDI has positive effects on GDP, labour and capital productivity, exports, and workers’ education and skill levels through technology spillover, management know how, and productivity and marketing competence. In contrast, FDI has negative effect on wage inequality and deepened wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers.
Volkswagen is chosen as a case study to examine the effects of its investment on China's car industry. Volkswagen entered into China through joint venture with Chinese partners in 1984, only 6 years after economic reform. Volkswagen long term presence helps it to know Chinese market better and to expand its activity in different regions. Volkswagen with about 20 percent market share in China car industry has big role in spillover effect. High population and fast growing middle class in China motivate Volkswagen to focus only in domestic market. High demand for VW's passenger cars encouraged the company to invest immensely in supply chain in China which has positive effect on labour productivity, investment and workers’ education and skill levels in China's automotive industries. Although, there is no access to precise data about WV's wage structure, yet it is obvious that the wage gap in the company is serious and the company also exacerbates the income inequality in China.
In 2011 for the first time, nearly half of Chinas inhabitants lived in cities. China´s rapid urbanization level remains relatively low compared to other developing countries. Chengdu, China´s fourth largest city, has seen its population increase by 30% in the last ten years. With rapid urbanization comes great socio-economic change, which will challenge the city in the coming years.
This paper intends to use an urbanization process model to evaluate the methods and socio-economic effects of Chengdu´s urbanization. A series of problems are found in the relationship between Chengdu´s urbanization and rural development. Migration may explode in the city and deprive agricultural lands needed to modernize the industry. Furthermore, growth of the city will require more development and city expansion onto China´s increasingly rare fertile lands. This paper will examine the results and offer suggestions on how to Chengdu can continue urbanization responsibly.
This paper discusses the problem of mutual perception between contrasting cultures: north and south, rich and poor, High Context and Low Context and a case study of the cooperation between Germany and Tunisia from the standpoint of IT-engineers. According to anthropologist Edward T. Hall cultures can be measured by points of context, freely flowing information or the lack thereof. This paper attempts the shake hands between theory and practice using the insights gained by Edward T. Hall and the practical circumstances generated by joint ventures between Germany and Arab nations and provides a practical list of recommendations for intercultural cooperation.