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In this article, the main events of political life in Portugal are discussed. It includes a report on general elections in 2022, the formation of a new Socialist absolute majority government led by Prime Minister Antonio Costa, and major parliamentary decisions and debates. The year 2022 started with early general elections, strengthening the ruling Socialist Party, which won a majority of seats in the national Parliament. However, it took some time for the new government to learn to govern in the new context.
This paper examines empirically the importance of equity
preferences for the formation of international environmen-
tal agreements (IEA) for transboundary pollution control.
Although it has been shown theoretically that the existence
of equity preferences among countries considering an IEA
increases the chances for formation and stability of a coali-
tion, empirical assessments of such preferences have been
limited to climate change mitigation and single-country
studies. We consider the case of marine plastic pollution, of
which a large share consists of food and beverage con-
tainers, representing a transboundary pollution control
problem of increasing policy concern, with properties that
lead to distinct considerations for equity and the sharing of
abatement costs. We employ a coordinated choice experi-
ment in the United Kingdom and United States to assess
preferences for abatement-cost allocations in a marine plas-
tics IEA. Pairs of cooperating countries and the relative
allocation of abatement costs are varied experimentally.
Results show systematic aversion to both advantageous and
disadvantageous inequality with respect to abatement costs
but also that the relative strength of advantageous and dis-
advantageous inequality aversion differs across countries.
Across both countries, there is evidence that left-leaning
voters generally favor more equal international sharing of
abatement costs. Differences of these results from the case
of greenhouse gas emission reduction, and implications for
current efforts to establish a legally binding global treaty on
marine plastic pollution, are discussed.
Shark incidents are rare and graphic events, and their
consequences can influence the behavior of beach users,
including bathers, to a great extent. These incidents can
be thought of as a fearsome risk that may lead decision
makers to overreact or respond with inaction. This paper
examines the reaction of recreational beach users, includ-
ing bathers, to changes in the risk of shark incidents. In
addition to valuing recreational visits to Durban Beach,
South Africa, we study the reaction of beach visitors to a
hypothetical scenario in which protective shark nets,
deployed in coastal waters to protect bathers, are to be
removed. To examine potential heterogeneity of the treat-
ment effect in a travel cost-contingent behavior model, we
develop a semiparametric multivariate Poisson lognormal
(MPLN) model to jointly analyze observed and stated visit
counts. Results show that removing protective shark nets
at Durban beach would decrease recreational visits by
more than 20%. Applying the semiparametric MPLN
model we further find that both the value of a recreational
visit and the predicted change in visitation rates vary as a
function of whether recreationists usually enter the water,
whether they have heard of previous shark incidents, and
their general risk attitude.
AbstractThis paper examines the influence of the six World Governance Indicators (WGIs), as defined by the World Bank, on the real GDP growth of five emerging markets, the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries, and three advanced economies, the United States, Germany and Japan. The analysis is based on a panel data set containing the six WGIs along with further macroeconomic variables (government debt, external debt, current account balance, trade balance, budget balance, foreign exchange rate and short-term interest rate), with annual data from 1996 to 2018. We find that regulatory quality has a positive impact on economic growth, an effect that remains stable across all robustness tests. This indicates that a sound regulatory environment stimulates economic growth. We also find a negative impact of rule of law on economic growth, but this effect is not robust. The literature, however, documents a negative effect from income to rule of law, expressing that higher income does not necessarily lead to a demand for better institutions. A principal component analysis on the WGIs shows that governance is diverse across countries, while stable over time. The first two PCs capture more than 95% of the WGIs variance and are able to cluster emerging and developed markets.
AbstractBlack box machine learning models are currently being used for high-stakes decision making in various parts of society such as healthcare and criminal justice. While tree-based ensemble methods such as random forests typically outperform deep learning models on tabular data sets, their built-in variable importance algorithms are known to be strongly biased toward high-entropy features. It was recently shown that the increasingly popular SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values suffer from a similar bias. We propose debiased or "shrunk" SHAP scores based on sample splitting which additionally enable the detection of overfitting issues at the feature level.
Unter den derzeit rund 39.000 Planungsbüros in Deutschland steht bei vielen hundert in den nächsten Jahren eine Nachfolgeregelung an. Dieser Artikel befasst sich daher intensiv mit dem Thema der Unternehmensnachfolge und gibt Einblicke in die unterschiedlichen Vorstellungen, Herausforderungen und gewünschten Hilfestellungen aus Perspektive Abgebender und Übernehmender der Fachrichtungen Architektur, Innenarchitektur, Landschaftsarchitektur und
Stadtplanung. Die Analyse beruht auf einer empirischen Umfrage der Architektenkammer Berlin unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung durch das EMF Institut. Darüber hinaus wird erstmalig eine Schätzung berechnet, wie hoch die Anzahl der zur Nachfolge anstehenden Planungsbüros in Deutschland für die nächsten fünf Jahre ist. Des Weiteren liefert dieser Artikel eine kompakte Zusammenfassung über die Besonderheiten der unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und zeigt die zentralen Erkenntnisse auf.
This paper assesses the relationship between decision util-ity and experienced utility of recreational nature visits.The former is measured as the travel cost to reach that siteas routinely used by the travel cost method (TCM), andthe latter is operationalized through visit-related subjec-tive well-being (SWB). As such, the analysis is a test ofconvergent validity by examining whetherex anteTCM-based assessment of recreational value reflecting decisionutility corresponds to statedex postSWB, reflecting expe-rienced utility. It explores to what extent utility revealedby counts of nature visits are associated with self-reported,visit-related SWB relating to that same visited site. Theanalysis uses two existing datasets providing informationon (i) 3672 recreational visits to green/blue spaces inEngland over the course of four years and (ii) 5937 recrea-tional visits to bluespace sites across 14 European coun-tries over one year. Results show a positive associationbetween travel cost and visit-related SWB while control-ling for trip frequency and a large set of covariates,suggesting convergent validity of the two utility concepts.A breakdown by travel mode suggests this relationshiponly holds for trips involving motorized transport and isnot present for habitual, chore-like walking visits to therecreational site.
Increased electricity consumption along with the transformations of the energy systems and interruptions in energy supply can lead to a blackout, i.e., the total loss of power in an area (or a set of areas) of a longer duration. This disruption can be fatal for production, logistics, and retail operations. Depending on the scope of the affected areas and the blackout duration, supply chains (SC) can be impacted to different extent. In this study, we perform a simulation analysis using anyLogistix digital SC twin to identify potential impacts of blackouts on SCs for scenarios of different severity. Distinctively, we triangulate the design and evaluation of experiments with consideration of SC performance, resilience, and viability. The results allow for some generalizations. First, we conceptualize blackout as a special case of SC risks which is distinctively characterized by a simultaneous shutdown of several SC processes, disruption propagations (i.e., the ripple effect), and a danger of viability losses for entire ecosystems. Second, we demonstrate how simulation-based methodology can be used to examine and predict the impacts of blackouts, mitigation and recovery strategies. The major observation from the simulation experiments is that the dynamics of the power loss propagation across different regions, the blackout duration, simultaneous unavailability of supply and logistics along with the unpredictable customer behavior might become major factors that determine the blackout impact and influence selection of an appropriate recovery strategy. The outcomes of this research can be used by decision-makers to predict the operative and long-term impacts of blackouts on the SCs and viability and develop mitigation and recovery strategies. The paper is concluded by summarizing the most important insights and outlining future research agenda toward SC viability, reconfigurable SC, multi-structural SC dynamics, intertwined supply networks, and cross-structural ripple effects.
In 2021, Portuguese politics was strongly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this constraining context, the Portuguese population went twice to the polls in presidential and local elections. Moreover, the Portuguese government was the holder of the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Throughout the year, the Portuguese government negotiated with the political parties to get the 2022 budget approved. However, most opposition parties rejected the budget for different reasons. Therefore, the President of the Republic dissolved Parliament and announced early elections for 30 January 2022. Although it was a difficult year, Portugal was able to implement an aggressive vaccination programme, which led to a high vaccination coverage of 80 per cent of the population.
The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc across supply chain (SC) operations worldwide. Specifically, decisions on the recovery planning are subject to multi-dimensional uncertainty stemming from singular and correlated disruptions in demand, supply, and production capacities. This is a new and understudied research area. In this study, we examine, SC recovery for high-demand items (e.g., hand sanitizer and face masks). We first developed a stochastic mathematical model to optimise recovery for a three-stage SC exposed to the multi-dimensional impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. This allows to generalize a novel problem setting with simultaneous demand, supply, and capacity uncertainty in a multi-stage SC recovery context. We then developed a chance-constrained programming approach and present in this article a new and enhanced multi-operator differential evolution variant-based solution approach to solve our model. With the optimisation, we sought to understand the impact of different recovery strategies on SC profitability as well as identify optimal recovery plans. Through extensive numerical experiments, we demonstrated capability towards efficiently solving both small- and large-scale SC recovery problems. We tested, evaluated, and analyzed different recovery strategies, scenarios, and problem scales to validate our approach. Ultimately, the study provides a useful tool to optimise reactive adaptation strategies related to how and when SC recovery operations should be deployed during a pandemic. This study contributes to literature through development of a unique problem setting with multi-dimensional uncertainty impacts for SC recovery, as well as an efficient solution approach for solution of both small- and large-scale SC recovery problems. Relevant decision-makers can use the findings of this research to select the most efficient SC recovery plan under pandemic conditions and to determine the timing of its deployment.
Megatrends als Erfolgsfaktor der Produktstrategie - ein Vergleich der Marken HARIBO und Katjes
(2021)
Despite backlash and public outrage in recent years, the long existing phenomenon of crunch time as a method to speed up the progress of a video game development project persists in the video game industry. Regardless of its reputation, employees of the video game industry
continue to work under the use of this industry practice. The previous research has examined the reasons for the use of crunch time, but there is much to be explored concerning the point of view of the crunching employees as individuals with agency. Examining their perception presents an opportunity to better understand crunch as a multifaceted phenomenon. This knowledge can then be used to develop alternatives to using crunch time. Therefore the objective of this thesis is to determine the positive and negative impacts of crunch as well as potential alternatives from the employees’ perspective.
This thesis’ research uses semi-structured expert interviews with six expert gameworkers. The interviews are evaluated through the method of qualitative structured content analysis. It becomes apparent how the negative and positive perceptions are closely intertwined and
depend on the differing contexts and experiences of crunch time. In the case of the interviewed experts it was found that in some circumstances, an improved motivation, mental state and team spirit was perceived. In particular when employing agile methodologies, an
increased quality and productivity became apparent. In general the ability to meet deadlines was seen as positive. Negative perceptions were more commonly observed, such as damage to the team dynamics and spirit, negative impacts on the employees’ physical and mental
health, social life, work life balance, and creative ability. Furthermore, the long term mindset shift normalizing crunch time was noticed. Other impacts include a negative influence on product quality and scheduling, as well as brain drain due to skilled gameworkers leaving the studio or industry. Suggested alternatives target the conscious adjustment of the projects’ resources, schedule, and scope, as well as increased resources and improved management thereof. Furthermore the employees see the need for clear quality standards, and for managers to be more aware of their importance as role models. Other suggestions include the use of workshops and agile methodologies.
The debate over a European Green Deal has contributed to emphasize the need to reduce environmental cost and the urgency of decarbonizing the road transport sector. Therefore, the thesis operationalizes the materialist state theory to distinguish between competing hegemony projects in the struggle over the EU’s mobility transition, in order to identify the driving forces in the European road transport sector. By empirically analyzing the power relations behind the Energy Taxation Directive and the CO2 emissions for passenger cars, the results indicate two dominant hegemony projects that are contesting the implementation of the green transition: 'the authoritarian neoliberal project' and 'the green capitalist project'. None of these projects will be enough to decarbonize the transport sector without shifting emissions and environmental costs elsewhere, nor will either project move away from a car-dependent system.
Die Corona-Pandemie hat für viele Branchen einen starken Umsatzeinbruch bedeutet. Anders sieht es bei dem stark umkämpften Lebensmitteleinzelhandel aus, der während der gesamten Zeit der Pandemie geöffnet bleiben durfte. Hier revanchieren die Konkurrenten um das Ver- trauen und die Aufmerksamkeit der Bevölkerung.
In diesem Kontext war es von Interesse, zu untersuchen, wie die Lebensmitteleinzelhändler die Krisenkommunikation gestaltet haben, sich diese im Zeitverlauf verändert hat und wie die Maß- nahmen von der relevanten Zielgruppe wahrgenommen wurden. Dazu wurde zunächst eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Instagram-Accounts und eines TV-Spots durchgeführt. In einem weiteren Schritt wurden die herausgearbeiteten Ergebnisse mithilfe einer Online-Befragung auf die Wahrnehmung bei den Kunden überprüft.
Die Analyse der Instagram-Feeds zeigte, dass sich die Unternehmen stark aneinander orientiert haben. Hierbei ähneln sich besonders die Discounter und Supermärkte untereinander.
Diese Einschätzung konnte von den Umfrageteilnehmern bestätigt werden. Die Branche hat zwar insgesamt einen guten und vertrauensvollen Eindruck hinterlassen, jedoch wurden keine starken Unterschiede festgestellt und die Bereitschaft, einen anderen Händler aufzusuchen ist gering. Nichtsdestotrotz wurden geringe Änderungen im Vertrauen zu den Händlern festge- stellt, wobei vor allem der Discounter Lidl profitieren konnte.
The study of disruptions management and resilience connected to the current COVID-19
outbreak has become an essential field in supply chain management. Post-disruption recovery
analysis amid the pandemic outbreak is relevant for organizations to respond to disruptions and
create new growth opportunities. Therefore, the performance impact of COVID-19 in the
German food retail supply chain is investigated using a hybrid case-study and discrete-event
simulation model implemented in anyLogistix software. Potential improvements and supply
chain actions are provided in response to the identified challenges. Moreover, a framework with
strong recommendations for stabilization and recovery in a post-disruption environment is
created as a guideline for the main supply chain actors in the food retail business.
Die Bearbeitung dieser Masterarbeit konzentriert sich auf die genaue Ausarbeitung des neuen Regierungsentwurfs zum FüPoG II im Hinblick auf die Einführung einer verbindlichen Frauenquote für deutsche Vorstände. Dabei soll die Fragestellung untersucht werden, inwieweit die Umsetzung einer solchen Quote unter Beachtung juristischer Regulatorien möglich ist. Insbesondere soll hierfür die verfassungsrechtliche Zulässigkeit der Vorstandsquote unter dem Aspekt der Vereinbarkeit mit Art. 12 Abs. 1 und Art. 14 Abs. 1 GG geprüft und kritisch beurteilt werden. Damit zusammenhängend stellt sich als Unterfrage, ob eine fixe Quote für Vorstände ebenso gut durchsetzbar ist wie die bereits eingeführte Geschlechterquote in Aufsichtsräten börsennotierter und mitbestimmungspflichtiger Unternehmen.
Abstract
A competitive design of a supply chain is achieved by considering all the variables that affect the entire system and their interaction in the decision-making process. In developing countries, where the supply chains are usually labour intensive and where institutional and infrastructural conditions for competitive supply chains are still setting, players should give importance to the strategy of joint forces to become stronger in national and international markets.
This research presents a framework for designing agricultural supply chains in developing countries based on simulation software and describing a collaborative model that supports joint investments, information exchange and coordination. The framework is tested using an illustrative case of a developing country agricultural supply chain. This case is analysed throughout the research to demonstrate how the proposed strategy may aid in the attempt to open possibilities for small actors to play in the competitive international marketplace.
The strategy comprises four components derived from the consulted literature and the multi- method simulation tool for supply chain optimisation anyLogistix. First, Greenfield Analysis to find the best location for processing facilities to consolidate and prepare the product for the shipment. Then, Simulation and Comparison experiments to analyse the solutions' behaviour and identify which one is the most suitable and advantageous in this partnership, aiming for the best profit and adequate lead times. Finally, a Sensitivity analysis to evaluate how changes in the main variables affect the selected configuration's performance and make informed decisions knowing the associated variability of the outcomes.
Keywords: Supply Chain; Agricultural Supply Chain; Supply Chain design; Collaboration in Supply Chains; Agricultural Supply Chain in developing countries.
This thesis focuses on the automatic classification of research methods used in scientific articles in the domain of Information Systems, and studies the effectiveness of a state-of-the-art long-document Transformer technique, Longformer, on the multi-label classification task.
In recent years, the task of automatically extracting knowledge from academic articles has become more and more popular. However, as far as the author knows, due to the limitations of the max input sequence length of Transformer models, there has not yet been a comprehensive study on the classification of research methods using Transformer models, which have made extraordinary achievements in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) fields. Therefore, this thesis establishes an artifact that uses a modified Transformer model, Lomgformer, which can proceed with long-sequence inputs, to discuss its effectiveness and possible limitations. Additionally, this thesis also discusses and evaluates the performance of other benchmark models, such as the traditional Transformer - BERT and RoBERTa, and a non-transfer-learning model based on the architecture of convolutional neural network (CNN), which has been proven to have good performance by previous researchers.
As a result, this thesis proves that the Longformer-based artifact can effectively improve the classification performance for the scientific articles, and surpasses all the other models, not only the traditional Transformer models but also the models presented in the literature from the previous researchers.
In the contemporary era, large number of companies publish their business performance as a report on the Internet. To make them usable in larger numbers, these reports must be read and labeled. This is inefficient and expensive. This study supports this business need by automatically classifying four different categories of metadata of financial reports. For training of the used random forest classifier, an active and a passive learning strategy are contrasted. The results show a clear advantage of active learning for classifying whether a financial report contains consolidated enterprise data or not. For more complicated multi-class classifications, no advantage is shown so far under the applied active learning strategy, however, there is potential to develop an alternative more efficient strategy.
Die Arbeit referiert die wesentlichen Punkte der EU-Verordnung zur Festsetzung von Emissionsnormen, beginnend mit der historischen Entwicklung von staatlichen und über-staatlichen Eingriffen in den Automobilmarkt zugunsten der Verringerung von Umwelt- und Klimabelastungen. CO2-Emissionen und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Klima sind global zu betrachten. Deshalb schließt das Kapitel mit einigen Angaben über weltweite Zielvorgaben. So lassen sich die europäischen Bemühungen und Erfolge besser einordnen.
Die Arbeit setzt sich außerdem mit den Strategien der Hersteller auseinander und behandelt die erste For-schungsfrage zur Bewältigung der Herausforderung durch die EU-Verordnung. Dabei wird differenziert auf die einzelnen Hersteller eingegangen.
Im letzten Kapitel zur zweiten Forschungsfrage wird die tatsächliche Nachhaltigkeit sowohl der EU-Verordnung als auch der Autoherstellerstrategien untersucht. Dazu geht die Arbeit auf die Gewinnung, den Bedarf und den Verbrauch von Energie ein, um die gängige Annahme der höheren Umweltfreundlichkeit von Elektroautos zu hinterfragen. Der Energieverbrauch eines Autos kann nicht allein in der Messung der Fahrenergie bestimmt werden, und die Nutzbarmachung von Kraftstoff verbraucht schon Energie, bevor sie beim Auto ankommt. Deshalb werden hier die Well-to-Wheel- und die Life-Cycle-Betrachtung beschrieben.
Are Real Estate Investment Trust considered a safe investment choice in times of financial shock?
(2021)
This paper focuses on real estate investment trust (REIT), one specific asset class in the real estate sector, and intends to answer the following research question: are real estate investment trusts a safe choice for investors, particularly during financial shocks? This study re-examines the relationship between public-traded U.S. REIT and other asset classes by implementing statistical dependence analysis and OLS regression to determine whether and how they follow other markets in times of ambiguity. This study's final results indicate that public-traded U.S. REIT investment should not be considered a safe investment during crisis times because it follows the equity market.
Unternehmen verfolgen zunehmend das Ziel ihre Prozesse mit Hilfe von Business Intelligence
(BI)-Tools zu optimieren, um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu verbessern. Jedoch haben Projekte,
die versuchen BI zu implementieren, eine sehr geringe Erfolgsquote.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Forschungsgebieten BI und
Projektmanagement. Ausgehend von der Problemstellung, dass BI-Projekte eine sehr geringe
Erfolgsquote aufweisen, wurde das Forschungsziel definiert, Herausforderungen und
Hindernisse beim Einsatz von BI-Tools in Digitalisierungsprojekten exemplarisch aufzuzeigen
und Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten, um das Auftreten dieser Herausforderungen zu
minimieren. Als Forschungsmethode zur Umsetzung des Forschungsziels wurde die
Fallstudienanalyse eingesetzt. Dazu wurden zehn gescheiterte IT-Projekte untersucht und deren
Gründe für das Scheitern abgeleitet und als Herausforderungen bewertet. Bei den Projekten
handelt es sich ausschließlich um Projekte des öffentlichen Sektors, da die Literaturrecherche
ergab, dass kaum Informationen über gescheiterte Projekte des privaten Sektors verfügbar sind.
In der Auswertung wurden zehn Beispiele für Herausforderungen beschrieben und untersucht,
wie häufig die verschiedenen Herausforderungen in den Fallstudien auftraten. Dabei zeigte
sich, dass mangelnde Kommunikation zwischen der IT und dem Unternehmen und die
unzureichende Geschäftsprozessneugestaltung die beiden häufigsten Herausforderungen
waren, mit denen die Projekte zu kämpfen hatten.
Abstract: Consulting research aims at mapping scientific and practical perspectives against each other. Therefore, this Thesis is considering theoretical knowledge as well as practical insights which were empirically conducted. The author aims at creating a first snapshot on the influence of the Corona pandemic on the business model of the German consulting industry. Based on guideline-based, semi-structured interviews, the research gap on this recent topic was closed. Also, the author provides practicians with implications.
Summary: Contact bans imposed by the Corona pandemic led to a reduced amount of business travels and an increase in remote consulting. Digitalisation within the consulting industry was already on the horizon but pushed. Acceptance of clients for remote consulting increased. It became apparent that many activities do not have to be carried out at the client site. Video conferencing and online communication tools made remote project execution possible.
However, not all consulting fields seem to be suitable for remote execution. These include mainly soft and conflict-ridden topics as well as group workshops. Although, different online formats have been tried, innovative formats overcoming this obstacle are still missing. Nevertheless, it is assumed that relevance of remote consulting will remain high and that a hybrid consulting world will emerge.
The long-time successful consulting industry is suffering from economic effects of the Corona pandemic. Some projects have been cancelled or down streamed. Remote networking and acquisition of new projects has become a challenge. Furthermore, clients are becoming more price sensitive. However, this does not seem to affect the entire German consulting industry or all client segments. In the long run, demand for consulting is also not expected to decrease.
Some long-term effects are still unclear. These include possible changes in the cost structure, impact of remote consulting on the work-life balance, and effort required to create remote consulting. Changes to the business model so far mainly concern the shift of key activities to the online world and the increased use of new channels. There seems to be a strong hope for a quick return to business as usual. However, there are signals indicating that further business model innovation may be necessary.
Keywords: Strategic Management, Business Model, Innovation, Consulting Industry, Corona Pandemic
Online Content Marketing Strategy and Execution for SMEs – a Case Study of Umwelt Taxi Bremen
(2021)
Lead calling is one of the foundational promotional activities that bring business the first human-to-human interaction with potential customers. A successful call can build the root of trust between the business and potential customers, which ultimately converts the call into sales. However, conducting lead calls faces big challenges as customers nowadays are being bombarded by sales calls due to the unsustainable calling strategy of many businesses. To conduct lead calls in a sustainable and effective way, this thesis builds a first touchpoint scheduling system based on the lead call history of the InsurTech company wefox Group. By applying a set of machine learning techniques, the system can generate a list of leads with the highest reaching probabilities for the period requested by call agents. Thus, leads are called at the timing that is convenient to answer, meanwhile, call agents can work more productively with a higher reach rate.
Exploratory data analysis is conducted to understand the relationship between the reach status and the customer data. 14 classifiers are applied to predict the reaching probability. Brier Skill Score, Average Precision Score, Precision-Recall Curve, Precision, Recall, fit time and a customized evaluation metric are selected to evaluate the classifiers’ performance. Four resampling methods, class weight adjustment and a meta-model to adjust the class threshold are used to deal with class imbalance. Bayesian Optimization is used for hyperparameter tuning. The combination of mutual information classifier and correlation feature selection approaches helps reduce the number of features needed.
The experiments show that LightGBM classifier outperforms the other classifiers with Brier skill score of 0.181, average precision of 0.487 and recall of 0.642. Feature importance indicates that besides the customer interaction record with business, macro factors such as unemployment rate, social assistance rate are also powerful features. Business value evaluation indicates that the system can improve the time effectiveness of call agents by 158%. 72% of records have no overlapping between actual non-reachable hours and predicted reachable hours.
Purpose: This study aims at investigating how nonprofit organisations can successfully and sustainably implement web analytics. It develops a framework based on existing literature as well as expert interviews and tests its applicability and practicability in a hands-on case study with the German nonprofit organisation Gemeinsam TECHO e.V..
Methodology: The research questions are explored through a qualitative approach via a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The author draws a convenience sample of seven German nonprofit organisations. The interviews are analysed through qualitative content analysis. Based on the results a first web analytics framework is developed which is then tested and reviewed in a practical application.
Findings: The outcome of the study is a framework with a general step-by-step plan for NPOs on how they can implement web analytics into their business.
Research limitations: The convenience sample as well as the focus on German nonprofit organisations are possible limitations. The framework should be further tested with nonprofit organisations in different settings and conditions: country, industry, etc. Another limitation is that during the practical application only a single pass of the framework was done. Additional testing of the framework with several iterations might uncover more suggestions for improvement.
Value: This paper seeks to propose guidelines that give valuable hints for nonprofit organisations looking to implement web analytics into their business. Some existing web analytics frameworks can be found in current scientific literature; however, little empirical evidence exists for the case of nonprofit organisations. This study provides a new viewpoint on the use of web analytics which may be of use for those working in the context of nonprofit organisations.
Keywords: web analytics, nonprofit organisations, NPOs, TECHO, marketing, data analytics, web analytics framework
Ziel dieser Arbeit soll es sein die Anwendbarkeit der Behavioral Finance auf das Investitionsverhalten von Privatanlegern innerhalb einer weltweiten Pandemie zu prüfen, um den Nutzen der Theorie in diesem Zusammenhang zu evaluieren, kognitive Verzerrungen und Heuristiken der Anlegen zu identifizieren und somit die Relevanz der Behavioral Finance zu validieren.
The use of the Country-of-Origin (COO) effect is a relevant topic in the field of international marketing research and is gaining more attention in today’s global economy. Especially in the cosmetics industry, the origin of brands tends to be included within their marketing strategy. Therefore, this thesis examines how the COO effect is impacting the evaluation of international cosmetics brands with influential market players such as the USA, South Korea and France. Using a quantitative approach, the opinions of consumers in relation to the different COO dimensions and the importance of these, as well as possible influencing factors and the impact on behavior, was analyzed. Ultimately, significantly different ratings of each dimension and their importance were found. Similarly, the influencing factors involvement and familiarity might affect the evaluation and it is likely that the higher the COO effect evaluation, the higher is the purchase intention and the willingness to pay. The findings underline the role of the COO effect for internationally marketed cosmetics and theoretical and managerial implications can be drawn based on these.
Innerhalb der Musikbranche wird kein Genre kontroverser diskutiert als der Hip-Hop. Mittels Skandales und Provokation erhält er immer wieder ein bedeutendes mediales Interesse. Hierbei spielt auch immer wieder die Präsenz von illegalen Drogen, vor allem im Hinblick auf minderjährige Konsument:innengruppen eine große Rolle. Die zugrunde liegende Masterarbeit konzentriert sich auf die Analyse der Cannabisdarstellung in deutschsprachigen Hip-Hop Musikvideos. Hierunter fallen das Ausmaß, die Art und Weise der Darstellung und die Künstler:inneneinstellung. Der explorative Charakter dieser Arbeit folgt den Prinzipien der Grounded Theory und stellt dadurch ein induktives Vorgehen dar. Die Anwendung eines Methodenmix, bestehend aus Chart-, Videoanalyse und Experteninterview ermöglicht die Untersuchung des Forschungsgebietes. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass 14 % der Musikvideos der deutschen Top 100 Singlejahrescharts 2019 Cannabis darstellen. Vorherrschend ist hier besonders die
Darstellung in Form eines Joints, einer Bong oder in Cannabispaketen. Die analysierten Musikvideos lassen sich in drei Kategorien in Bezug auf die Cannabisdarstellung einordnen: Gangsterism, Luxus und Konsum sowie verrückte Fantasiewelten. Die Künstler:inneneinstellung zur Cannabisdarstellung ist insgesamt überaus positiv. Die Droge wird dabei verwendet, um spannende Geschichten zu erzählen, zu provozieren und Skandale zu erschaffen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Droge oftmals als harmlos angesehen und ist vor allem mit den persönlichen Lebenserfahrungen und der Interpret:innenidentität verbunden. Außerdem findet Cannabis auch im künstlerischen Schaffensprozess Anwendung. Insgesamt stellt die Cannabisdarstellung somit ein beliebtes Stilmittel zur Etablierung der eigenen Kunstfigur dar und um sich im Konkurrenzkampf von anderen Künstler:innen abzuheben. Sie ist demzufolge einerseits mit der Hip-Hop Kultur und ihren Grundwerten, andererseits aber vor allem mit dem einzelnen Künstler:innenindividuum verbunden. In diesem Fall bildet Gangster Rap eine Ausnahme, denn
dieses Subgenre nutzt die Cannabisdarstellung, um einen maskulinen Gangster-Charakter zu inszenieren.
Die Masterarbeit untersucht die Einflüsse personalisierter Werbung im Umfeld sozialer Medien auf die Wahrnehmung der Werbeanzeigen und das Online-Impulskaufverhalten deutscher Konsumenten.
Dazu wurde ein theoretisches Modell entwickelt, welches anhand einer Online-Befragung überprüft wurde. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse erfolgte mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse und eines Strukturgleichungsmodells.
Abstract
Der Einsatz gezielter Content-Strategien im Kontext politischer Kommunikation auf Kam- pagnenebene kann wortwörtlich in letzter Sekunde Wahlen entscheiden. Nicht ohne Grund hat der Teilbereich der öffentlich wirksamen politischen Kommunikation in den letzten Jah- ren enorm an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dabei verschiebt sich nicht nur die politische Kommu- nikation derweilen mit enormer Geschwindigkeit ins Internet, sondern ganze Wahlkämpfe werden online ausgetragen. Insbesondere Social Media-Kanäle spielen eine bedeutende Rolle.
Um in einem informationsüberflutendem und von politischen Maximalpositionen übersät- tigtem Umfeld zu bestehen, wird es notwendig, herauszustechen und seine Zielgruppe tief- gehend zu verstehen, um sie auf dieser Basis durch zielgerichtete Inhalte anzusprechen und als Wähler (zurück) zu gewinnen. Eine vollumfängliche Kommunikationsstrategie endet je- doch nicht bei der Auswahl der Contents, sondern setzt darüber hinaus die richtigen Medi- enkanäle, Ansprechpartner und Art und Weise authentischer Kommunikation voraus. Konkreter Forschungsgegenstand der vorliegenden Masterarbeit ist das Gewinnen junger Menschen, der sogenannten Generationen Y und Z. Grundlage war dabei der aktuelle For- schungsstand hinsichtlich der Charakteristika dieser. Aus marketingpolitischer Sicht ist die- ses Forschungsfeld bereits sehr gesättigt, die Einzigartigkeit und somit Forschungslücke ent- stand durch das Überführen dieser Erkenntnisse auf politische, marketingadressierte Kom- munikation, mit Fokus auf die CDU Deutschlands. Auf dieser Basis wurde anhand durchge- führter quantitativer sowie qualitativer Forschung die Voraussetzungen erfolgreicher Kam- pagnenkommunikation geschaffen. Gegenstand und Ziel war dabei, eine Content-Strategie für eine Kampagne der CDU Deutschlands vor den Bundestagswahlen im September 2021 zu entwickeln, um die Attraktivität und Wählbarkeit für die Zielgruppe junger Menschen zu erhöhen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch zielgerichtete Inhalte, authentische Vermittlung die- ser und die richtige Auswahl der Medienkanäle die angestrebte Zielerreichung realistisch erscheint. Weiterführende Forschungsfelder entstanden auf dieser Basis hauptsächlich im Bereich langfristiger politischer Loyalität durch politische Partizipation und die Erforschung hinsichtlich der Einstellung junger Menschen zu Parteien im Allgemeinen, auch und vor allem in Abhängigkeit demographischer Faktoren.