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The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of privacy concerns and regulation on the development of voice assistants. With particular focus on Amazon Alexa, the effects of customer mistrust and privacy policies on innovation processes will be analyzed. With voice assistants becoming increasingly ubiquitous, personal, and pervasive, customers and legislators have questioned their trustworthiness. The vendor’s dependence on the collection and processing of vast amounts of data to perform, and continuously improve customer requests has resulted in significantly higher customer privacy concerns. Consequently, leading companies have been facing challenges to gain customer trust. In an attempt to give an overview of how customer trust, privacy policy, and the continuous development of voice assistants relate, and to provide recommendations on how Amazon can safeguard customer trust while remaining innovative, this paper combines the review of current literature with a qualitative study. Through three semi-structured interviews with experts from leading voice assistant providers, the research problem is investigated. The findings indicate that customer trust is mediated and moderated by a set of variables. Generally, privacy policies have a positive effect on customer trust and perceived privacy. Voice service providers can actively nurture positive influences of trust, while mitigating adverse effects, by understanding trust beyond the issue of data collection requirements. Therefore, this paper enhances the understanding of the drivers of mistrust and the relationship between customer trust, privacy policies, and innovation.
Addressing Systemic Risk in Europe during Covid-19: policies, limitations, and challenges ahead
(2021)
This work examines the impacts which the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the stability of the European financial sector. Lockdowns, businesses unable to operate and uncertainty about how the pandemic would evolve fueled a sharp recession. From the lessons learned in the global financial crises and the Eurozone debt crises, there’s an increasing role of macroprudential policies, especially the regiments of the Basel III framework and the monetary policy toolkit. Alongside macroprudential regulation, the European Central Bank provided substantial monetary policy easing, for instance the release of capital buffers and other capital requirements, expanding the TLTRO III and Pandemic Emergency Program which facilitated monetary policy transmission. Authorities also deployed strong fiscal policies which encompassed from tax holidays to direct transfers to households and firms. The combination of fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policy was unprecedented and helped the economy during the shutdown moments. As a result, indicators of systemic risks in the banking sector during the pandemic remained relatively stable. Nevertheless, some challenges might emerge in the medium-term when policies are phased-out, namely the increasing size of non-performing loans and the sovereign doom-loop. Thus, in the final part of this text a stress test is conducted to evaluate the possible future impacts of the pandemic in the banking sector.
Digital nomadism is a unique form of telework that is characterized by continuous traveling. Even though
digital nomads classify as remote workers, they experience different opportunities and risks than
traditional home-office-based teleworkers. Due to their high mobility, they face more travel-related
challenges such as exposure to the unknown, financial unpredictability, and cultural barriers. At the same
time, digital nomads perceive their lifestyle as more rewardful with benefits like personal growth,
freedom, and autonomy. The current COVID-19 pandemic may limit digital nomads' freedom and travel
behavior, but most digital nomads have implemented strategies to overcome the newly imposed
challenges. In fact, digital nomads are able to create new opportunities even in present times.
This research investigates the opportunities and risks of the digital nomad lifestyle before and during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Twelve digital nomads take part in an individual semi-structured interview held on
the online conferencing tool zoom. The findings from these conversations offer a more profound
understanding of how digital nomads perceive opportunities and risks and how they feel impacted by the
global pandemic.
The analysis of benefits and challenges can serve as a guide for aspiring digital nomads. As numerous
people start teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic, they might embrace their newly gained location
independence by trying out the digital nomad lifestyle.
ABSTRACT
The primary intention of this bachelor thesis is to investigate the main motives that drive female entrepreneurship in Mexico in the service sector and evaluate if these factors are necessity or
opportunity driven. It also discerns if financial constraints are the motive for the business size and sector selection. For this purpose, the motivational factors driving female entrepreneurship
were examined in the form of extensive qualitative interviews (N=5) paying special attention
to the reasons influencing the size, growth, sector selection and mode of financing of the businesses. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of what motivates women in Mexico to undertake businesses in the service sector and gain a clearer
vision of their ambitions.
The following thesis aims to explore the particular changes that occurred in user behavior on social media (Instagram, YouTube, Facebook) during the pandemic from March 2020 to present time, how these changes relate to user engagement rate and what impact these changes have on the online radio show industry from a perspective of emerging independent radio show series “Widows Radio”. For limitation purposes of the research, purposive sampling method is used to identify particular behaviors. As a result of the research, a list of changes of user behavior are identified, specific impact of these changes on user engagement rate is shown. On the base of the conducted research, several recommendations for the online radio company “Widows Radio” regarding their social media strategy are provided.
In the contemporary era, large number of companies publish their business performance as a report on the Internet. To make them usable in larger numbers, these reports must be read and labeled. This is inefficient and expensive. This study supports this business need by automatically classifying four different categories of metadata of financial reports. For training of the used random forest classifier, an active and a passive learning strategy are contrasted. The results show a clear advantage of active learning for classifying whether a financial report contains consolidated enterprise data or not. For more complicated multi-class classifications, no advantage is shown so far under the applied active learning strategy, however, there is potential to develop an alternative more efficient strategy.
Purpose: This study aims at investigating how nonprofit organisations can successfully and sustainably implement web analytics. It develops a framework based on existing literature as well as expert interviews and tests its applicability and practicability in a hands-on case study with the German nonprofit organisation Gemeinsam TECHO e.V..
Methodology: The research questions are explored through a qualitative approach via a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The author draws a convenience sample of seven German nonprofit organisations. The interviews are analysed through qualitative content analysis. Based on the results a first web analytics framework is developed which is then tested and reviewed in a practical application.
Findings: The outcome of the study is a framework with a general step-by-step plan for NPOs on how they can implement web analytics into their business.
Research limitations: The convenience sample as well as the focus on German nonprofit organisations are possible limitations. The framework should be further tested with nonprofit organisations in different settings and conditions: country, industry, etc. Another limitation is that during the practical application only a single pass of the framework was done. Additional testing of the framework with several iterations might uncover more suggestions for improvement.
Value: This paper seeks to propose guidelines that give valuable hints for nonprofit organisations looking to implement web analytics into their business. Some existing web analytics frameworks can be found in current scientific literature; however, little empirical evidence exists for the case of nonprofit organisations. This study provides a new viewpoint on the use of web analytics which may be of use for those working in the context of nonprofit organisations.
Keywords: web analytics, nonprofit organisations, NPOs, TECHO, marketing, data analytics, web analytics framework
The following bachelor thesis discusses and analyzes the People’s Republic of China's growing interest in investing in Africa. China has used the opportunity of foreign direct investment to strengthen its economy and grow its influence abroad. The main focus of this thesis is to assess China’s direct investments in the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria’s private sectors and the impact that it has on the two respective countries. The purpose of this study is to explore Chinese investor’s engagement in Africa, specifically in Cameroon and Nigeria. The goal is to analyze the effect Chinese foreign direct investment has on the selected countries and to determine whether the existing Sino-African relationship is a modern form of imperialism or a productive partnership. Through a cross method between a meta-analysis and a case study, the thesis will examine whether Chinese engagement in Africa is a win-win situation for all countries involved. The comparison of different China-funded projects in Cameroon and Nigeria makes it clear that trade deals with China have prospered the economies of both respective countries and created a win-win situation rather than a modern form of imperialism.
When enabling collaboration among employees who work physically dispersed, remotely or in different locations, increasing utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) can be examined. Consequently, its implications on employee well-being need to be investigated. This paper aims to understand the day-specific effects of two particular ICT demands, interruption and workload, on exhaustion by adopting a perspective out of the transactional theory of stress and coping. A sample of 73 employees (and a total of 444 days) took part in a daily diary study with four measurement points a day during ten consecutive workdays. The results depict a positive correlation between the stressor ICT interruption and the strain after-work exhaustion on a within-person level. However, no significant association between ICT workload and exhaustion could be found. By adopting a transactional perspective, the study contributes to a better understanding of how ICT communication affects occupational health and highlights the importance of reducing the demands that ICT imposes on employees’ resources.
Considering the ongoing and omnipresent growth of multinational corporations
(MNCs) within the global context of business and with them also human rights
scandals, firms will inevitably come across the questions of how to manage and control
their international supply chains. The emergence of the so-called “global economy”
has led to a tremendous growth and complexity of international supply chains,
fragmented production processes and also created countless cross-cultural points of
contact. (Jüttner, 2005; Bai & Sarkis, 2020) It is a matter of fact that most MNCs have
multiple tiers in their supply chains around the countries in which they conduct
business. This fact imposes great challenges to comply with the parent company’s
production standards with regards quality, safety, and other crucial key factors. In
recent decades, countless firms from developed countries have found business
opportunities in emerging markets, among which also the Chinese market can be
found. This paper addresses the above scribed issues of supply chain transparency
(SCT) based on Sino-Western international joint ventures. This thesis aims to address
possible Sino-specific factors which need special consideration when Sino-Western
Joint Ventures aim to implement SCT regulations into their businesses. It will first
introduce the framework of supply chain transparency as a concept, then shed light to
the role of international joint ventures in China. Thereafter the author will give an
overview of traits specifically found in the context of Chinese business management
including their influence on Sino-Western Joint Ventures. This paper is then concluded
by describing the thesis findings including aspects of importance when China-specific
management characteristics are to be considered in a Sino-Western Joint Ventures and
which prerequisites might be necessary if a company aims for conducting supply chain
transparency activities within their business. Finally, limitations of this paper will be
outlined as well as potential future research possibilities mentioned.
Duftmarketing – alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen? - Eine theoretische Analyse des Duftmarketings
(2021)
Die Unternehmensfinanzierung ist ein essenzieller Teil des Erfolgs eines Unternehmens und kann in zahlreiche Arten unterteilt werden. Der Lebenszyklus eines Unternehmens gibt darüber Aufschluss, welche Art von Finanzierung für ein Unternehmen geeignet ist. Die Finanzierungsarten können in die Innen- und Außenfinanzierung unterteilt werden, von denen jede Besonderheiten aufweist und verschiedene Kapitalgeber*innen anspricht, die unterschiedliche Anforderungen sowie Interessen an Kapitalnehmer*innen haben. Die Kreditfinanzierung ist dabei eine der häufigsten Außenfinanzierungsarten und weist unterschiedliche Kapitalgeber*innen auf. Die Quelle des Kapitals ist der Finanzmarkt. Crowdlending Plattformen haben eine neue Finanzierungsquelle für KMU's gebracht, diese ist eine alternative Kreditfinanzierung.
Im Jahr 2009 wurde die Einführung des Fallpauschalensystems (G-DRG) in Deutschland abgeschlossen. Somit wird die Frage nach den Auswirkungen auf das deutsche Gesundheitssystem relevant, um mögliche negative Folgen (frühzeitig) zu erkennen und entgegenzuwirken. Dabei ist der Vergleich mit anderen Ländern besonders informationsgewinnend, welche früher DRG-Systeme eingeführt haben, um aus deren Stärken und Schwächen zu lernen. Zudem wurde das deutsche Fallpauschalensystem mit Vorbild dieser verschiedenen DRG´s entwickelt, wodurch sich die Frage ergibt, welche Optimierungen damals gesehen und durchgeführt worden sind und welche eventuell versäumt wurden.
Von Beginn an war das politische Interesse sehr hoch am Erfolg der Fallpauschalen. Direkt nach der Einführung wurde vom deutschen Bundestag eine Begleitforschung gewünscht, welcher ebenfalls mehrfach anfragte, wie der Systemwechsel verlief. (Vgl. Hilgers S. 2011, S.1-2) Auch ganz aktuell wurde das DRG-System mehrfach diskutiert. Einerseits gab es erneut Kritik im deutschen Bundestag. Des Weiteren kam in der Coronakrise ein Diskurs auf, durch die Forderung der deutschen Krankenhausgesellschaft nach einer vorübergehenden Aussetzung der DRG. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden zwar einige Studien geführt über das deutsche Fallpauschalensystem, jedoch wurde nur wenig international, empirisch verglichen. Die Frage nach den Auswirkungen auf die Versorgung bleibt in einigen Bereichen unbeantwortet.
Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist, es die Auswirkungen des DRG-Systems auf die Krankenhaus-, Fall- und Bettenanzahlen, sowie die Bettenauslastung, die Verweildauer und die Gesundheitsausgaben empirisch zu untersuchen. Zum einen soll dabei der Vergleich von Deutschland mit den USA und Australien im Fokus stehen, des Weiteren soll jedoch auch die Bedeutung der Zahlen auf die deutsche Gesundheitsversorgung tiefergehend analysiert werden.
Green consumerism plays a crucial role in tackling environmental issues. This research aims to understand the different factors that determine the green purchase intention of China’s and Germany’s Generation Y by using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior model. The empirical research builds on a questionnaire with a sample size of 330 Chinese and 275 German millennials. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that environmental concern, subjective norm, and perceived consumer effectiveness are significant predictors of green purchase intention for both millennial groups. Besides, the analysis highlights that subjective norm has the strongest influence on Chinese millennials’ green purchase intention, while environmental concern appears to be the top predictor for German millennials. In contrast, the perceived availability of green products fails to show a significant relationship with green purchase intention for either group. The variables perceived quality of green products for German millennials and trust in eco-labels for Chinese millennials also show no significant relationship with green purchase intention. These cross-group differences can be linked to cultural differences. Therefore, the results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the green purchase behavior of both millennial groups and provide useful insights for policymakers and marketers to improve their strategies.
We are living in the age of data, organizations are facing exponential growth in data. This growth
of data if not dealt with in the right approach will do more harm than good to the organization.
One of the most important aspects of data is data quality. Increased data quality ensures better
decision-making, thereby enabling companies to stay competitive in the market. Data quality
directly affects business decision-making, consequently having a direct effect on the KPIs of the
organization. So it is integral for growing organizations to gain an understanding of where they
stand with regards to their data quality to make improvements needed so data quality problems
won’t affect the organization's goals and KPIs. The topic of data quality is a topic that has been
addressed in numerous researches and from different aspects, there are many established and
interesting studies that have been done and resulted in different frameworks that are followed in
our days now and that shows how rich and important this topic is. The thesis aims to gain a more
precise understanding of how data quality can affect the ability of an organization to achieve the
set key performance indicators (KPIs). To do that this study will take a live example which is the
company of Uberall and do a case study on it, the situation of data quality of Uberall was
analyzed through interviews with different employees from different departments. This research
gives an insight into some precise data quality problems that Uberall is currently facing and
needs to address .
This thesis proposes a framework for extracting crucial textual information from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission annual 10-K reports using multiple natural language processing techniques. Ongoing progress has been made on retrieving the summary or sentiment from financial text in recent years due to the large volume of data and advanced computing power. However, the combination of different techniques for generating insight from 10-K textual content has not yet been addressed in the literature. Therefore, the main study contribution is designing a framework that integrates text summarization, sentiment analysis, topic modeling, and regression to provide readers with several indicators to help them acknowledge the valuable information in 10-K reports more efficiently and effectively. The framework considers various models but focuses on transformer-based models because the literature review indicates that these models surpass the performance of others on most natural language processing tasks. As a result, the framework successfully condenses the report content by 88% into the most critical sentences with the sentiment and discussed topic. Finally, these extracted features are further used to predict future company growth that, in addition to the traditional quantitative metrics, can be a new reference for investors in making more comprehensive decisions.
In this study two emerging markets and two developed financial markets are
examined for herd behaviour using a market-wide approach. The emerging market
representatives are Turkey and India whereas the developed market representatives
are Italy and Germany. The model developed by Chang et al. (2000) is used to
detect herd behaviour in the respective markets from January 2008 to September
2020. The four markets of interests are tested for the presence of herding under
different market conditions.
Evidence of market-wide herding is found at the Indian market when examining the
whole sample period. No evidence of market-wide herding for the whole sample
period is detected for Turkey, Italy and Germany. The sample has been separated
into falling and rising market days to detect potential asymmetry of herding
behaviour. Only the Indian market displayed evidence of herding during bullish
market days. Turkey, Italy and Germany showed no evidence of herding neither
during bullish nor bearish market days. Lastly, the sample was split according to
extreme market movements, using the 1% criteria. Evidence suggests that during
extreme market movements the Italian market shows herding patters. However, this
does not apply to Turkey, India and Germany.
SCADA und Predictive Maintenance sind einer der vielen Anwendungsbereiche
des Internet der Dinge und der Industrie 4.0. Es handelt sich dabei um das Auslesen
von Sensordaten innerhalb intelligenter Systeme und deren Auswertung mittels einer künstlichen Intelligenz, um den Zustand dieser intelligenten Systeme laufend
zu überwachen und gegebenenfalls frühzeitig Maßnahmen gegen einen sich in den
Sensordaten abzeichnenden Defekt einzuleiten.
Die Übersetzung dieser Technologie in lukrative Geschäftsmodelle wird in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zwar diskutiert, ist im Vergleich zur technischen Diskussion allerdings unterrepräsentiert. Diese Arbeit bietet einen Überblick über die bereits bestehende Forschung und entwickelt eigene, zukünftig einsetzbare Ansätze
für die Geschäftsmodellentwicklung mit Predictive Maintenance durch Kombination von bestehenden Geschäftsmodellmustern. Im Rahmen der Analyse bestehender Literatur wurde festgestellt, dass sich Geschäftsmodelle im Internet der Dinge
und auf Basis von Predictive Maintenance unter Zuhilfenahme etablierter Modelle
und Leitfäden zur Geschäftsmodellentwicklung eher zu komplexeren theoretischen
Konstrukten statt zu kundenindividuellen Geschäftsmodellen entwickeln. Diese
Entwicklung steht damit dem langfristigen Trend entgegen, dass Kunden vermehrt
frei konfigurierbare, individuelle Angebote fordern.
Dadurch ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer Weiter- oder Neuentwicklung der
etablierten Modelle und Leitfäden zur Geschäftsmodellentwicklung, um die durch
das Internet der Dinge ermöglichten, neuen kundenindividuellen Geschäftsmodelle
hinreichend abbilden zu können.
Abstract
A competitive design of a supply chain is achieved by considering all the variables that affect the entire system and their interaction in the decision-making process. In developing countries, where the supply chains are usually labour intensive and where institutional and infrastructural conditions for competitive supply chains are still setting, players should give importance to the strategy of joint forces to become stronger in national and international markets.
This research presents a framework for designing agricultural supply chains in developing countries based on simulation software and describing a collaborative model that supports joint investments, information exchange and coordination. The framework is tested using an illustrative case of a developing country agricultural supply chain. This case is analysed throughout the research to demonstrate how the proposed strategy may aid in the attempt to open possibilities for small actors to play in the competitive international marketplace.
The strategy comprises four components derived from the consulted literature and the multi- method simulation tool for supply chain optimisation anyLogistix. First, Greenfield Analysis to find the best location for processing facilities to consolidate and prepare the product for the shipment. Then, Simulation and Comparison experiments to analyse the solutions' behaviour and identify which one is the most suitable and advantageous in this partnership, aiming for the best profit and adequate lead times. Finally, a Sensitivity analysis to evaluate how changes in the main variables affect the selected configuration's performance and make informed decisions knowing the associated variability of the outcomes.
Keywords: Supply Chain; Agricultural Supply Chain; Supply Chain design; Collaboration in Supply Chains; Agricultural Supply Chain in developing countries.
Die Bearbeitung dieser Masterarbeit konzentriert sich auf die genaue Ausarbeitung des neuen Regierungsentwurfs zum FüPoG II im Hinblick auf die Einführung einer verbindlichen Frauenquote für deutsche Vorstände. Dabei soll die Fragestellung untersucht werden, inwieweit die Umsetzung einer solchen Quote unter Beachtung juristischer Regulatorien möglich ist. Insbesondere soll hierfür die verfassungsrechtliche Zulässigkeit der Vorstandsquote unter dem Aspekt der Vereinbarkeit mit Art. 12 Abs. 1 und Art. 14 Abs. 1 GG geprüft und kritisch beurteilt werden. Damit zusammenhängend stellt sich als Unterfrage, ob eine fixe Quote für Vorstände ebenso gut durchsetzbar ist wie die bereits eingeführte Geschlechterquote in Aufsichtsräten börsennotierter und mitbestimmungspflichtiger Unternehmen.
The study of disruptions management and resilience connected to the current COVID-19
outbreak has become an essential field in supply chain management. Post-disruption recovery
analysis amid the pandemic outbreak is relevant for organizations to respond to disruptions and
create new growth opportunities. Therefore, the performance impact of COVID-19 in the
German food retail supply chain is investigated using a hybrid case-study and discrete-event
simulation model implemented in anyLogistix software. Potential improvements and supply
chain actions are provided in response to the identified challenges. Moreover, a framework with
strong recommendations for stabilization and recovery in a post-disruption environment is
created as a guideline for the main supply chain actors in the food retail business.
Fintech is an innovative tool that applies technology to improve financial services.
Mobile Baking is the most common product of Fintech and has vast prospects to
improve access to financial resources for the previously unbanked populations. The role
of Fintech in providing inclusion is especially vital in developing countries- where the
proportion of the financially excluded remains high. This study focuses on the role of
M-Banking in serving mentioned populations, and identifies the factors influencing
adoption and usage of Fintech services. The last part also introduces the case of
Azerbaijan-a former USSR country, and concludes by drawing the potential paths of its
Fintech-inclusion development.
The purpose of this study is to investigate marketing-mix strategies (adaptation and standardization) for the entry of Western footwear companies into the Chinese footwear market by exploring differences among Chinese consumers and differences in buying behavior for casual shoes and formal shoes in the Chinese footwear market. Three research gaps were identified and developed into research questions based on the analysis of extensive literature.
Consumer data was collected through questionnaire surveys conducted in China. The results of this research suggest a standardized product strategy and that price, place, and promotion strategies are adapted to meet Chinese consumers’ unique needs for buying footwear products.
The results also indicated that consumers from diverse backgrounds consider different factors when buying casual and formal shoes and considered how they influence the marketing mix strategy. In conclusion, and based on the study’s results, the paper considers the implications for management to provide recommendations for businesses interested in the Chinese footwear market.
Zunehmende Komplexitäten im Arbeitsumfeld und der stetige Kampf um eine Vormachtstellung im Wettbewerb gegen Konkurrenten veranlasst Unternehmen sich ständig zu optimieren und mögliche Innovationen zu initiieren. Eine der vielen Möglichkeiten besteht in der Integration von Managementsystemen. Doch wie können Unternehmen die Synergien nutzen und welche Herausforderungen können sich ergeben, die bei einer geplanten Vorgehensweise und Strategieansätzen vermeidbar sind? Mit dieser Fragestellung beschäftig der sich der Autor dieser Masterarbeit. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels, eines produzierenden pharmazeutischen Unternehmens, zeigt er auf, wie anhand eines erweiterten PDCA-Zyklus diese Synergien, wie das Kombi-Audit, herauskristallisiert und durch Integration für das Unternehmen nutzbar gemacht werden kann. Der Autor dieser Arbeit kommt dabei zum Schluss, dass bei gewachsenen Unternehmen eine ganzheitliche Integration der MS nicht möglich ist, aber durch Integration von Teilprozessen Synergien genutzt werden können.