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Current trends and challenges in last-mile delivery with consideration of digital technologies
(2021)
Growing online sales market, globalization and urbanization caused new challenges in freight transportation. These global trends created an open market where goods are purchased in any country and delivered directly to the end customer’s doorstep. Currently distributing goods around the city is the least efficient step of the entire supply chain, which makes it an important challenge not only for the retail and transportation companies, but also for researchers. In order to make the processes in urban logistics more efficient, different digital solutions and new business models were developed. However, there is still a lack of systematically organized information about the new trends and technologies in last-mile delivery.
The goal of this thesis was to explore and compare the new concepts of last-mile delivery. Therefore, two main research questions were formulated: How can new smart technologies change the current last-mile delivery processes? Which last-mile technology is more suitable for each type of urban delivery? In order to answer the research questions, a case-study research methodology was chosen. The information was gained through the state-of-the-art analysis, where relevant books and articles in scientific journals were reviewed, and the use-cases described.
The results of this work were three types of analysis. Operational feasibility analysis focused on the comparison of technical capabilities of identified last-mile technologies. Financial analysis compared different types of costs required for using each technology for urban delivery. Finally, in the comparison analysis all theoretical information and previously conducted analyses results were summarized. The most relevant last-mile technologies were then recommended for each type of last-mile delivery.
Driven by the decrease in the fertility rate, the increase in life expectancy, and, therefore, the shift of the demographical structure, the topic of labor shortage is gaining more importance worldwide, and in the context of the present paper, in Europe and Germany. More precisely, this paper deals with the labor shortage in the field of nursing in Germany.
The lack of nurses and geriatric nurses is not only due to the demographical change. Moreover, it’s a result of the poor working conditions, the negative image of the profession, and other factors that will be examined in the paper in every detail.
Further, the paper examines the labor shortage in nursing out of the perspective of several actors, including the state, institutions, and literature, in consideration of political, sociological, economical, and technological factors. In the course of this analysis, five semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed within the paper.
All these attempts aim to answer the research question: "What are the causes and the effects of the shortage of skilled labor in the nursing sector in Germany?" The answer to this question considers a variety of different components.
Concerning the effects, several activities and measures to counteract the shortage of nursing workforce in Germany are presented, including, among other things, the project “Konzertierte Aktion Pflege”, various legislations, activities driven by human resources. Overall, the thesis and the results are beneficial for everyone that is influenced by the topic (including nurses, governmental institutions, employers, and employees in nursing), along with everyone in society. This is because anyone, either as a relative or as a patient, can be confronted with the need for care.
The frequently changing environment forces organizations to adapt, resulting in the emergence of evolutionary forms of organizational design. Evolutionary organizations take actions based on the requirements of their environment, such as variation, selection, and retention. Designing their structures and processes to be adaptive (organic), evolutionary organizations react to their complex environments with social complexity. They are characterized by red uced standardization, formalization as well as wide configurations and decentralized authority. Complemented by their holistic perspective they represent a new and interesting field of research. Due to the high degree of informal structures in such organizations, organizational behavior is from major importance. In this context, psychological ownership has been credited to support several positive organizational behaviors, helping organizations to adapt. This thesis examines the relationship of both concepts, placing psychological ownership into the context of evolutionary organizations. A literature review and an empirical study (sample) have been conducted. As a result of the literature review, five behaviors of evolutionary organizations have been identified, such as innovation, careful resource handling, anticipation, selection, and preservation. The empirical study consisted of four open-ended interviews, exploring the link between psychological ownership and the evolution driven behaviors. As a result, a positive relationship between psychological ownership and each of the evolution driven behaviors has been hypothesized. Implications for evolutionary forms of organizational design have been d iscussed .
The aim of this research is to examine the potential of blended learning concepts for the development of future skills, which has not been sufficiently investigated. This subject is analyzed on the fundamentals of the behaviorist, the cognitivist, the constructivist and the connectivist learning theory.
For this purpose, the following research question was raised:
(How) Can relevant future skills be developed through blended learning concepts?
In order to obtain more precise results, the future skills were divided into technological, knowledge-based, digital and social skills. A qualitative content analysis was carried out on the basis of seven expert interviews.
Findings regarding the development of future skills suggest that blended learning concepts have a high potential to prepare students for the modern working world. Particularly with its focus on self-organized learning in cooperative and collaborative learning environments, blended learning proves to be more suitable for the development of future skills than purely analog or purely digital learning formats.
Driven by digitalization, the emerging sharing economy and the associated change in values, the concept of coworking spaces is gaining importance, as well as economic and scientific relevance.
However, despite the increasing popularity of this topic in the media there are hardly any scientific data about working conditions in coworking spaces from the user perspective.
This paper examines the experiences from the perspective of dependent employees in more detail. This group of people did not choose to work in such an environment but do so because of their employer. Working in a coworking space presents a range of new opportunities and at the same time new challenges for employees, which shall be discussed in this paper.
In the course of the analysis, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted and then analyzed based on Mayring's qualitative analysis.
The results show that most importantly, employees benefit from coworking spaces due to the networking and socializing component which is a vital part of this specific working environment. Consequently, the various possibilities for distraction that often accompany the social component pose a considerable challenge.
Interestingly, the majority of participants confirmed that they enjoy working in a coworking space despite the challenges involved. Nobody stated the opposite.
Given that an increasing number of people request a flexible work environment it is most likely that coworking spaces will gain more importance for organizations and therefore will continue to impact workspaces in the future.
This thesis and the results of the qualitative analysis are beneficial for scientific use, coworking space owners, for organizations as well as entrepreneurs.
In today’s world which is characterized by profound change, leaders are ex- pected to successfully steer companies through the difficulties of the digital age. To encounter the challenges leaders face on this journey, digital leader- ship has emerged as a potential approach, however, empirical research on the concept is limited. Hence, the main purpose of this thesis is to investigate dig- ital leadership by outlining the extent to which it emerges as a unique leader- ship style. Based on a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative anal- ysis of ten expert interviews, this thesis contributes to an enhanced under- standing of digital leadership. The results indicate that the role and perception of leadership itself are changing. The challenges arising from the new context of the digital age require leaders to display behavioral complexity and possess versatile competencies. By comparing digital leadership with established lead- ership styles, the thesis finds decisive congruence of various leadership com- petencies, while many digital competencies emerge as new. Overall, competen- cies regarding employee empowerment are of paramount importance. The complexity of the digital age requires leaders to exhibit situationally appropri- ate leadership styles. Therefore, digital leadership combines established lead- ership styles and is enriched by new behaviors required in the digital age. The extent of uniqueness is contingent on the new context in which leadership occurs.
Wirkung von Cause-Related- Marketing-Aktivitäten auf die Reputation von Nonprofit- Organisationen
(2021)
Brand purpose has gained considerable importance in recent years. However, the term is not uniformly defined which makes an exemplification more difficult. The aim of this study is to give a detailed view on current brand purpose illustrations and practices. Therefore, an overview of different brand purpose interpretations is given, and a unified definition provided. Within this study brand purpose is defined as an organization’s inner core which is driving value for stakeholders by addressing a societal issue.
An extensive literature review in combination with expert interviews is performed to identify potential success factors for the implementation of brand purpose. The outcome of this analysis resulted in a brand purpose framework with five dimensions and 26 underlying success factors. This framework is then evaluated within a multiple-case study. By analyzing four best practice organizations in their implementation of brand purpose the previous results of the literature analysis are examined. The outcome of the case study research represents an updated brand purpose framework in which the success factor authenticity has notably stood out as one major aspect in brand purpose practices.
Lastly recommendations for the implementation of brand purpose are given. Therefore, it is important to build a community to collectively practice purpose- oriented activities which are creating value for the organization’s stakeholders.