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Der Markt für Milchprodukte stellt mit seiner Größe ein bedeutendes Potenzial für pflanzliche Alternativen wie Hafermilch dar. In diesen Markt hineinzuwachsen und Kuhmilch teilweise zu verdrängen erscheint in Anbetracht des wachsenden Trends der Reduktion tierischer Produkte derweilen realistisch. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Kommunikationskampagne entwi-ckelt, die sich direkt an die Konsumenten von Kuhmilch richtet und sie davon überzeugen soll, teilweise oder vollständig auf Hafermilch umzusteigen. Herausfordernd ist dabei, das habituelle Kaufverhalten der Kuhmilchkonsumenten zu durchbrechen. Sekundärforschung, ein Fokus-gruppeninterview sowie eine Online-Befragung legen nahe, dass eine Kampagne am Ort des Kaufes der Produkte am meisten Erfolg verspricht. Das dortige gewohnte Umfeld muss mit Kaufanreizen ausgestattet werden, um das habituelle Kaufverhalten zu durchbrechen. Außerdem sollte die Werbung an die Motive der Kuhmilchkonsumenten appellieren und sie dazu bringen, das gewohnte Verhalten bewusst zu kontrollieren. Weiterhin sollten Influencer in die Kampagne intergiert werden, da Hafermilch besonders häufig durch Empfehlung von Freunden gekauft wird. Überzeugend wirken auch verständlich aufbereitete Produktinformationen sowie die Be-tonung von Convenience und Modernität der Hafermilch.
Startup incubation at universities is becoming increasingly important due to their ability to promote entrepreneurship among students and to increase the chance of survival of the created ventures. Moreover, due to the typically longer years of work experience of MBA students relative to other students, MBA students represent a key segment that such programs should target as previous research has shown that experience is a success factor in startup founders. However, there is little research in available literature on how to design startup incubation programs to maximize the participation and success of MBA students.
In this thesis, startup incubation programs at some leading universities around the world is surveyed. The goal is to come up with a framework inspired by the traits, internal or eco-system based, common to the successful university-based startup incubators. By evaluating these success factors with the preferences of MBA students, the thesis proposes certain services or processes that should be considered to design a university-based incubation program for MBA students. The result will be useful to university managers seeking to build an enduring entrepreneurial ecosystem and improve the entrepreneurial support services at their universities, especially for MBA students.
The thesis is composed of two aspects: first and foremost, desk research is conducted to catalogue the support services that are available to student entrepreneurs at some leading university-based startup incubators around the world. Secondly, a case study of part-time MBA students at the Berlin School of Economics and Law (HWR Berlin) is conducted through a survey and series of interviews. The study reveals several interesting results:
• All the studied startup incubators offer comparable basic services including, mentorship, workspace, seminars, funding, network, etc. The key difference is how those services are provisioned and the extent to which they use specific services to differentiate themselves.
• The universities place entrepreneurship at a center stage with the involvement of the universities’ top management and several institutions within and outside the universities, i.e., they build entrepreneurial ecosystems, rather than isolated startup incubation programs.
• The universities leverage their relative strengths or situation in their entrepreneurial support services e.g., technologically oriented universities such as MIT, Technion, NUS and TUM, focus on creating an environment where more innovation is created and on technology commercialization, Stanford University offers remarkable access to Silicon Valley, SETsquared partnership raises the profile of its members by creating critical mass in a regional alliance.
• Stanford University and MIT have diverse programs that give students multiple entry points to the ecosystems and allow the students’ experience to be easily customizable according to their needs.
• The case study showed an improved entrepreneurial self-efficacy (self-confidence) among the MBA students during the period of their MBA studies. Of equal significance, the study also showed a higher degree of improvement among final year students compared to first-year students of the two-year program. This could hint towards a modular design of startup incubation programs for MBA students, with more advanced activities left for the later part of the program.
• The survey revealed the preference of MBA students for a strong network, availability of mentors and coaches, and access to funding at their startup incubation center. A revelation which further strengthens the case for creating ecosystems.
Adoption of carbon regulation mechanisms facilitates an evolution toward green and sustainable supply chains followed by an increased complexity. Through the development and usage of a multi-choice goal programming model solved by an improved algorithm, this article investigates sustainability strategies for carbon regulations mechanisms. We first propose a sustainable logistics model that considers assorted vehicle types and gas emissions involved with product transportation. We then construct a bi-objective model that minimizes total cost as the first objective function and follows environmental considerations in the second one. With our novel robust-heuristic optimization approach, we seek to support the decision-makers in comparison and selection of carbon emission policies in supply chains in complex settings with assorted vehicle types, demand and economic uncertainty. We deploy our model in a case-study to evaluate and analyse two carbon reduction policies, i.e., carbon-tax and cap-and-trade policies. The results demonstrate that our robust-heuristic methodology can efficiently deal with demand and economic uncertainty, especially in large-scale problems. Our findings suggest that governmental incentives for a cap-and-trade policy would be more effective for supply chains in lowering pollution by investing in cleaner technologies and adopting greener practices.
With over one million people arriving in Germany to seek asylum since 2013, entering the labour market remains a key aspect for a successful integration process. In their attempt to attain employment, the recently arrived refugees face multiple challenges. One aspect that offers great potential to support them in finding suitable jobs and enhance their employability are Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs). This includes measures such as job-counselling, vocational training and direct placement in public or subsidised employment.
This research explores the extent to which ALMPs meet the needs and aspirations of recently arrived refugees with regard to entering the labour market. By means of conducting interviews with members of the target group, this research aims to gain insights into the accessibility, relevance and overall suitability of ALMPs from the perspective of the study participants themselves.
The study shows that the participants ALMPs as relevant in terms of responding to their employment needs and aspirations. However, they perceive the accessible range of activation measures to be limited to a large degree. Certain activation measures were perceived as highly irrelevant, while some were even perceived to be obstructive to their pursuit of employment. Most notably, the participants felt supported by the employees of Public Employment Services (PES) when it comes to receiving short term training. However, when it comes to long-term training, they felt discouraged or even obstructed. This illustrated a perceived conflict between the participants' long-term aspirations, which included a focus on long-term development, and the PES’s emphasis on short-term arrangements and a quick path into employment.
In the contemporary era, large number of companies publish their business performance as a report on the Internet. To make them usable in larger numbers, these reports must be read and labeled. This is inefficient and expensive. This study supports this business need by automatically classifying four different categories of metadata of financial reports. For training of the used random forest classifier, an active and a passive learning strategy are contrasted. The results show a clear advantage of active learning for classifying whether a financial report contains consolidated enterprise data or not. For more complicated multi-class classifications, no advantage is shown so far under the applied active learning strategy, however, there is potential to develop an alternative more efficient strategy.
Addressing Systemic Risk in Europe during Covid-19: policies, limitations, and challenges ahead
(2021)
This work examines the impacts which the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the stability of the European financial sector. Lockdowns, businesses unable to operate and uncertainty about how the pandemic would evolve fueled a sharp recession. From the lessons learned in the global financial crises and the Eurozone debt crises, there’s an increasing role of macroprudential policies, especially the regiments of the Basel III framework and the monetary policy toolkit. Alongside macroprudential regulation, the European Central Bank provided substantial monetary policy easing, for instance the release of capital buffers and other capital requirements, expanding the TLTRO III and Pandemic Emergency Program which facilitated monetary policy transmission. Authorities also deployed strong fiscal policies which encompassed from tax holidays to direct transfers to households and firms. The combination of fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policy was unprecedented and helped the economy during the shutdown moments. As a result, indicators of systemic risks in the banking sector during the pandemic remained relatively stable. Nevertheless, some challenges might emerge in the medium-term when policies are phased-out, namely the increasing size of non-performing loans and the sovereign doom-loop. Thus, in the final part of this text a stress test is conducted to evaluate the possible future impacts of the pandemic in the banking sector.
AI influencers - does it matter to consumers that their favourite influencer doesn't actually exist?
(2021)
This thesis analyzes the stock prices of German companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the theoretical background on stock prices, their value, and how investors make an investment decision, which is all covered by academic literature. In the second part of this thesis, the author answers the question, whether investors experienced herding behavior on the German stock market during the Covid-19 pandemic, by conducting multiple empirical tests. Here, the methodology uses daily closing prices and cross-sectional absolute deviations to conduct regression models, which test specifically for herding behavior. The results imply that investors did not significantly herd around the market during the observation period from 1st June 2019 to 31st May 2021. Due to the never-before-experienced global health crisis, analysts and investors faced great uncertainty. They focused more on private information, because the opinions of others changed rapidly, just like the surroundings during the pandemic. This paper provides key insights about investors herding behavior during the last two years in Germany.