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The study is attempting to survey whether the connectedness among leadership, employee voice, and the awareness of equity of employee can eventually be a complement of the achievements of office in German companies, and to scrutinize if the German experiences can be transplant to Taiwan. According to this rationale, the study endeavors to check whether the leadership affects to employee voice and whether the awareness of equity of employee moderates the effects of leadership on employee voice in German companies.
By using questionnaire survey with simple sampling, the results reveal that there are significant differences between sex and between occupations in the cognition of decision making of leadership; furthermore, there are significant differences between sex in orientation of change of employee voice behavior, and there also are significant differences between education in the cognition of considerable risk of employee voice behavior. Employee voice behavior is significantly affected by decision making, administrative method, interpersonal communication, and personal motivation of leadership, and the effects of leadership on employee voice behavior is significantly moderated by the distributive and interactional fairness of the awareness of equity.
Conclusively, by learning from German companies, the companies in Taiwan should build an environment full of trustworthiness, empowerment, and identification that make office members want to speak out, and managers in Taiwan companies can learn how to make employees recognize they are safe and free to make a speech relevant to leadership, business management and organizational development.
Keywords: Leadership, Employee Voice Behavior, Awareness of Equity, German, Taiwan
The German startup landscape consists of 75% early-stage startups (Kollmann et al. 2020. Especially young startups face challenges to tap into traditional sources of funding, such as bank loans, because they have little securities to offer and often lack a sufficient business model, as re-occurring inflows are uncertain (Carpenter and Petersen, 2002; Hall, 2002). Venture capitalists are willing to take on higher risk in return for a share of the company and its profits (Caselli and Negri 2018). Additionally, they offer a variety of benefits like network, experience and advice, which is especially interesting for young startups. Since two out of three startups fail to generate a positive return (Eisenmann 2021) venture capitalists have thorough screening procedures before investing. Hence equity investing in early-stage startups has long been an exclusive activity to potent players on the capital market.
Crowd investing platforms like Companisto and Seedmatch have started to change the venture capital landscape, as they allow private persons to invest in startups like a VC in form of equity (Companisto 2021d). This means, that private persons can profit from startup success as soon as they create revenues or when the company is sold.
There are some platforms that aim to match startups and venture capitalists, but little is known about which criteria enable an optimal match. Thus, this thesis went on an endeavor to identify critical success factors, that foster high-quality matchmaking between startups and venture capital investors. Key factors can be divided into two categories. Firstly, soft
factors like trust, sympathy and leadership, which are difficult to depict on a platform.
Secondly, hard factors like investment target, number of customers, positioning and market
relevance. If a platform understands the principles that drive the decision making of startups
and venture capitalists, it can facilitate the deal making and could profit greatly from the
expected network effects. Because startups and venture capitalists would benefit from a
higher matching quality and thus promote the platform’s success.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of privacy concerns and regulation on the development of voice assistants. With particular focus on Amazon Alexa, the effects of customer mistrust and privacy policies on innovation processes will be analyzed. With voice assistants becoming increasingly ubiquitous, personal, and pervasive, customers and legislators have questioned their trustworthiness. The vendor’s dependence on the collection and processing of vast amounts of data to perform, and continuously improve customer requests has resulted in significantly higher customer privacy concerns. Consequently, leading companies have been facing challenges to gain customer trust. In an attempt to give an overview of how customer trust, privacy policy, and the continuous development of voice assistants relate, and to provide recommendations on how Amazon can safeguard customer trust while remaining innovative, this paper combines the review of current literature with a qualitative study. Through three semi-structured interviews with experts from leading voice assistant providers, the research problem is investigated. The findings indicate that customer trust is mediated and moderated by a set of variables. Generally, privacy policies have a positive effect on customer trust and perceived privacy. Voice service providers can actively nurture positive influences of trust, while mitigating adverse effects, by understanding trust beyond the issue of data collection requirements. Therefore, this paper enhances the understanding of the drivers of mistrust and the relationship between customer trust, privacy policies, and innovation.
Addressing Systemic Risk in Europe during Covid-19: policies, limitations, and challenges ahead
(2021)
This work examines the impacts which the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the stability of the European financial sector. Lockdowns, businesses unable to operate and uncertainty about how the pandemic would evolve fueled a sharp recession. From the lessons learned in the global financial crises and the Eurozone debt crises, there’s an increasing role of macroprudential policies, especially the regiments of the Basel III framework and the monetary policy toolkit. Alongside macroprudential regulation, the European Central Bank provided substantial monetary policy easing, for instance the release of capital buffers and other capital requirements, expanding the TLTRO III and Pandemic Emergency Program which facilitated monetary policy transmission. Authorities also deployed strong fiscal policies which encompassed from tax holidays to direct transfers to households and firms. The combination of fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policy was unprecedented and helped the economy during the shutdown moments. As a result, indicators of systemic risks in the banking sector during the pandemic remained relatively stable. Nevertheless, some challenges might emerge in the medium-term when policies are phased-out, namely the increasing size of non-performing loans and the sovereign doom-loop. Thus, in the final part of this text a stress test is conducted to evaluate the possible future impacts of the pandemic in the banking sector.
Startup incubation at universities is becoming increasingly important due to their ability to promote entrepreneurship among students and to increase the chance of survival of the created ventures. Moreover, due to the typically longer years of work experience of MBA students relative to other students, MBA students represent a key segment that such programs should target as previous research has shown that experience is a success factor in startup founders. However, there is little research in available literature on how to design startup incubation programs to maximize the participation and success of MBA students.
In this thesis, startup incubation programs at some leading universities around the world is surveyed. The goal is to come up with a framework inspired by the traits, internal or eco-system based, common to the successful university-based startup incubators. By evaluating these success factors with the preferences of MBA students, the thesis proposes certain services or processes that should be considered to design a university-based incubation program for MBA students. The result will be useful to university managers seeking to build an enduring entrepreneurial ecosystem and improve the entrepreneurial support services at their universities, especially for MBA students.
The thesis is composed of two aspects: first and foremost, desk research is conducted to catalogue the support services that are available to student entrepreneurs at some leading university-based startup incubators around the world. Secondly, a case study of part-time MBA students at the Berlin School of Economics and Law (HWR Berlin) is conducted through a survey and series of interviews. The study reveals several interesting results:
• All the studied startup incubators offer comparable basic services including, mentorship, workspace, seminars, funding, network, etc. The key difference is how those services are provisioned and the extent to which they use specific services to differentiate themselves.
• The universities place entrepreneurship at a center stage with the involvement of the universities’ top management and several institutions within and outside the universities, i.e., they build entrepreneurial ecosystems, rather than isolated startup incubation programs.
• The universities leverage their relative strengths or situation in their entrepreneurial support services e.g., technologically oriented universities such as MIT, Technion, NUS and TUM, focus on creating an environment where more innovation is created and on technology commercialization, Stanford University offers remarkable access to Silicon Valley, SETsquared partnership raises the profile of its members by creating critical mass in a regional alliance.
• Stanford University and MIT have diverse programs that give students multiple entry points to the ecosystems and allow the students’ experience to be easily customizable according to their needs.
• The case study showed an improved entrepreneurial self-efficacy (self-confidence) among the MBA students during the period of their MBA studies. Of equal significance, the study also showed a higher degree of improvement among final year students compared to first-year students of the two-year program. This could hint towards a modular design of startup incubation programs for MBA students, with more advanced activities left for the later part of the program.
• The survey revealed the preference of MBA students for a strong network, availability of mentors and coaches, and access to funding at their startup incubation center. A revelation which further strengthens the case for creating ecosystems.
The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Data-driven Influencer Identification in Marketing
(2021)
In the age of digital media, social platforms have become an integrated part of daily life. Noticing the reach and customer engagement potential, marketers couldn’t resist turning their business strategies to social media. Thus, firms adopted the latest method of marketing; delivering messages over social media influencers. To hold an effective campaign, marketers need to select the best-fit influencer for their brands and promoted products. Yet, the selection process lacks efficiency since it requires extensive time, headcount, and capital investments. By conducting industry-specific interviews and a survey, this study aims to clarify the implementation process of necessary artificial intelligence (AI) methods to function data-driven influencer identification in influencer marketing. This paper shows clustering analysis, natural language processing, and image recognition can be used for optimizing the influencer selection process.
Today’s volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world presents business leaders with new challenges. This master’s thesis investigates the issue of improving management education, in particular the Master of Business Administration (MBA), by integrating design. Therefor, it analyzes the current state of design in MBA education at 11 high-ranking business schools in the U.S., develops a conceptual model for design-integrated MBA education, and proposes a prototype curriculum consisting of business and design courses. An evaluation of the prototype conducted with practicing managers in the U.S. finds that the new curriculum has potential to produce leaders better suited for the challenges of a VUCA world.
Today, technology plays a vital role in many parts across various industries including the fashion retail industry. Augmented reality (AR) is one of the novel technologies that has become popular and beloved by people in recent years, and companies have leveraged the benefits to build strong competitive advantage and differentiate themselves from others. Moreover, AR may be the solution to attract consumers back to brick-and-mortar under the pandemic era. A number of fashion retailers have been adopting AR in the last decade, however, there is only limited research that focuses on the implementation of augmented reality in physical stores for fashion brands. Therefore, this study aims to explore the benefits AR can bring to the fashion retail industry and understand the thoughts retailers have on in-store AR implementation as well as examining consumers’ acceptance of the technology. This research will cover the fashion retail industry and its market under the COVID-19 pandemic, introduction to AR, the advantages and barriers of implementing in-store AR, applications of AR in different fields and cases specifically in the fashion retail industry. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were applied, which includes seven in-depth interviews and an online survey based on 417 respondents. Additionally, The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model provides guidance to understand consumers’ acceptance of in-store AR implementation. The results show that despite some limitations and challenges exist, AR offers substantial benefits to both fashion retailers and their consumers. Furthermore, people living in Germany and Taiwan are generally open to trying in-store AR technologies and applications. The findings of the study provide rich insights for both researchers and fashion retailers.
The global recorded music business is now in its sixth year of consecutive growth since 2015, primarily driven by increasing revenue from music streaming. At the same time, market-leading streaming platform Spotify is accumulating losses, and as a result of the Covid-pandemic, music creators have suffered one of the worst years in modern history due to a loss of income from live performances.
Thus, the revenue from music streaming is of increasing importance, and this has brought up concerns about the equality of its distribution, which were investigated by the DCMS Committee of the British government.
This thesis uses qualitative exploratory methods to analyse the data collected in the DCMS inquiry and answer the research question “Is the user-centric model the solution to more equality in the distribution of income from music streaming services?”. Furthermore, it puts the results in context with the academic literature on platform business frameworks, music streaming revenue models and distribution systems.
The findings suggest that the effects of the user-centric payment system are under-studied, and more in-depth research is recommended. Furthermore, the model’s implementation would depend on a few powerful stakeholders' consent, particularly major labels and publishers. Lastly, the findings indicate that managerial efforts should be focused on increasing the downstream revenue by raising fees for monthly subscriptions rather than the distribution of revenue.
Digital nomadism is a unique form of telework that is characterized by continuous traveling. Even though
digital nomads classify as remote workers, they experience different opportunities and risks than
traditional home-office-based teleworkers. Due to their high mobility, they face more travel-related
challenges such as exposure to the unknown, financial unpredictability, and cultural barriers. At the same
time, digital nomads perceive their lifestyle as more rewardful with benefits like personal growth,
freedom, and autonomy. The current COVID-19 pandemic may limit digital nomads' freedom and travel
behavior, but most digital nomads have implemented strategies to overcome the newly imposed
challenges. In fact, digital nomads are able to create new opportunities even in present times.
This research investigates the opportunities and risks of the digital nomad lifestyle before and during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Twelve digital nomads take part in an individual semi-structured interview held on
the online conferencing tool zoom. The findings from these conversations offer a more profound
understanding of how digital nomads perceive opportunities and risks and how they feel impacted by the
global pandemic.
The analysis of benefits and challenges can serve as a guide for aspiring digital nomads. As numerous
people start teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic, they might embrace their newly gained location
independence by trying out the digital nomad lifestyle.
For the past 15 years, Germany has consistently ranked among the top 5 of the largest armament exporters world-wide, sending weapons, ammunition and so-called ‘dual use’ goods into international conflict zones. With the majority of the German public opposing such practices, it has become questionable whether strategic political decisions concerning armament exports are still under democratic control, or whether it is justifiable to speak of the existence of a so-called ‘military-industrial complex’ in Germany. The concept, which describes an alliance between a nation’s military troops, its defense industry as its main supplier and parts of the political apparatus, is already commonly used when speaking about the US situation. The thesis investigates whether the use of the term can be justified in the context of Germany focusing on the procurement practices of the German unified armed forces (Bundeswehr), the arms exporting practices of German corporations, and the lobbying power of the German defense industry. Finally, the case of German arms exports to Saudi Arabia was used to evaluate the concept on a clear example. The case study also provides insight to what extent public pressure plays a role in bringing decisions about armament exports back under democratic control.
Keywords: Military-Industrial Complex, German defense industry, armament exports, Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
The primary intention of this bachelor thesis is to investigate the main motives that drive female entrepreneurship in Mexico in the service sector and evaluate if these factors are necessity or
opportunity driven. It also discerns if financial constraints are the motive for the business size and sector selection. For this purpose, the motivational factors driving female entrepreneurship
were examined in the form of extensive qualitative interviews (N=5) paying special attention
to the reasons influencing the size, growth, sector selection and mode of financing of the businesses. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of what motivates women in Mexico to undertake businesses in the service sector and gain a clearer
vision of their ambitions.
Peru experienced an economic transformation throughout the 2000s. The country has become one of the top emerging markets, and steep economic growth attracted high aid inflows. This paper examines the effect of development assistance on the Peruvian economy using regression analysis and secondary data analysis.
Introduction – The purpose of this study is to answer the following research question: how may B2B event marketing change and develop in a post-pandemic world? The objectives presented are two: find an answer on how B2B events may change once the virus will be eradicated and provide efficient guidelines to B2B companies that have adopted events as a main strategy.
Literature review – From the experiential economy term coined by Pine and Gilmore to the new technologies released in the B2B event industry; this chapter focuses on the evolution of experiential marketing, in particular on the rise of B2B events.
Methods – A two-case comparative case study was employed as the primary method of in- vestigation: two B2B events in two different settings (in-person versus virtual) will be taken into consideration. The research tools adopted are expert interview and the content analysis on secondary research.
Results – One final key learning has been discovered after the analysis of the two events: there are certain aspects in face-to-face events that cannot be replaced in a virtual setting and there are some virtual aspects that can enhance greatly the in-person event format. Discussion – The discussion of the results will help the researcher to fulfil the two objec- tives of this paper. Expectations and limitations of the research will also be outlined. Conclusion – The achievement of this research has been succeeded fully.
Keywords of the research: B2B events, experiential marketing, virtual, face-to-face, co- rona virus