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- International Economics M.A. (87) (remove)
The annual demand for Christmas trees in Germany and Denmark is premised upon the seeds of Nordmann firs, which come exclusively from the Racha region in the Great Caucasus ridge of Georgia. It thus forms what is variously called a commodity chain, value chain or production network (as a phenomenon) and that can be accounted for with
different concepts including Global Commodity Chains, Global Value Chains and Global Production Networks. The analysis in the thesis is grounded in the Global production Network (GPN) approach, which in the literature also is associated with possibilities of “strategic coupling” and asks for an analysis of “value capture trajectories”. But can the promise of such as “value capture trajectory” be observed in the case of the Nordmann firGPN for the Racha region, from which the seeds of Christmas trees originate? Master thesis examines the prospects for regional development.
Bangladesh has been experiencing tremendous GDP growth for a long time and is now one of the fastest-developing economies in the world. Recent CDP report on eligibility and suitability for graduation to a middle-income country from a least developed country indicates that she is on the right track to achieving development status. In her development, all her development partners have contributed on a large scale in different aspects. Currently, China is the largest trade and reliable strategic partner for Bangladesh. It has a substantial attribution on the growth and development perspectives, but the trade deficit, concentration of FDI, and bitter experiences on debt in many countries have created suspicions. Simultaneously, the Chinese greater appearance in Bangladesh has raised the contention among other regional and global partners. They have active participation in several development endeavors to restrain Bangladesh from absolute Chinese influence. As an alternative development partner, China has enhanced better bargaining power for Bangladesh and introduced a greater dilemma to uphold her neutral foreign policy. Nevertheless, Bangladesh still has succeeded in diversifying her development partners on whom she depends on foreign direct investment, debt, trade, technology, and financial support. In general, her development approach is dependent on all rather than exclusive to one, and she needs to be rigid and transparent about her development objectives and policies.
Addressing Systemic Risk in Europe during Covid-19: policies, limitations, and challenges ahead
(2021)
This work examines the impacts which the Covid-19 pandemic brought to the stability of the European financial sector. Lockdowns, businesses unable to operate and uncertainty about how the pandemic would evolve fueled a sharp recession. From the lessons learned in the global financial crises and the Eurozone debt crises, there’s an increasing role of macroprudential policies, especially the regiments of the Basel III framework and the monetary policy toolkit. Alongside macroprudential regulation, the European Central Bank provided substantial monetary policy easing, for instance the release of capital buffers and other capital requirements, expanding the TLTRO III and Pandemic Emergency Program which facilitated monetary policy transmission. Authorities also deployed strong fiscal policies which encompassed from tax holidays to direct transfers to households and firms. The combination of fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policy was unprecedented and helped the economy during the shutdown moments. As a result, indicators of systemic risks in the banking sector during the pandemic remained relatively stable. Nevertheless, some challenges might emerge in the medium-term when policies are phased-out, namely the increasing size of non-performing loans and the sovereign doom-loop. Thus, in the final part of this text a stress test is conducted to evaluate the possible future impacts of the pandemic in the banking sector.
This thesis raises the question and will identify the macroeconomic implications associated with the erosion of the collective bargaining system and how these can potentially be stabilised. It is analysed whether an erosion of the collective agreement system is accompanied by a reduced coordination of wage setting and whether this has a destabilising effect on the entire national economy and beyond. This applies to the contribution of wages to price stability as well as the distribution of income and its consequences. In addition to the instruments and possibilities already under discussion to strengthen the collective bargaining system, potentials for stabilisation can also be derived with a view to France and the Netherlands.
Transnational Climate Change Governance Challenges and Prospects: The Case of Private Governance
(2021)
There are multiple environmental and social risks associated with climate change, which increases the severity of climate change and necessitates immediate actions to be taken. Responding to the challenge of climate change has traditionally been seen as the primary responsibility of nation-states. However, there is a surge of transnational actors consisting of non-state, sub-state actors, and private-public partnerships that claim governance responsibilities in climate change in recent years. The purpose of this thesis to identify circumstances and motivations that induced transnational climate governance practices. This research mainly focuses on private climate governance activities that are managed and regulated by the private sector and non-governmental organizations in the absence of a public authority. This thesis also aims to illuminate potentials and limitations of private climate governance mechanisms to scale up global climate action. Critical evaluation of the literature revealed that as United Nations-sponsored international climate change governance, architecture evolved from a top-down regulatory framework towards a flexible, bottom-up approach, from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement. This process rendered intergovernmental structures and states to delegate and orchestrate greater authority to non- state actors to take climate action. In addition to this, governance deficits and governance gaps associated with the United Nations-regulated international climate governance lead non- state actors to entrepreneurially engage in governance practices due to their dissatisfaction with the intergovernmental framework. Two case studies are conducted to analyze private governance mechanisms in the form of voluntary carbon markets and carbon disclosure, which exhibit this entrepreneurial action in the absence of formal public authority. Results revealed that private climate governance practices incentivize climate action in the short-run, yet they might not accrue actual environmental progress in the long-run. In that sense, it remains puzzling whether the private governance practices can expand the scale and reach of global responses to climate change.
The Causes of Original Sin - an Empirical Investigation of Emerging Market and Developing Countries
(2021)
Necessity or Habit? A post-Keynesian Analysis of Rising Household Debt: The Case of Housing Market
(2021)
Unpaid care policies in the time of right-wing populism: a comparative analysis of Poland and Turkey
(2021)
In recent years, increasing political repressions on women that result with social unrests and street protests in Poland and Turkey arouse interest around the ties between unpaid care workers and the current governments. Rising conservative, right-wing and populist discourses and their effects relating to care work made a further exploration in this field inevitable. Thus, this thesis examines the impacts of current policies on unpaid care workers in social and economic terms. The hypothesis of this study suggests that unpaid care workers in Poland and Turkey are exploited to a greater extent by familialist policies during the right-wing and populist governments. The discourses and policies of the governments are analyzed in the light of previous literature on care work. The paper also applies an assessment developed by Leitner (2003) in order to classify Poland and Turkey together with six European countries according to their ways of providing childcare and elderly care services. The study clearly shows that unpaid care workers have been socially downgraded and not remunerated mainly through familialist policies either explicitly or implicitly under the hegemony of right-wing populist parties in Poland and Turkey.
Digitalization as an attribute of many western countries developed in the 19th century. As a driver of technological change, digitalization has encouraged the developments and production of derived technologies such as internets, computer, smart phone etc. Software applications such as zoom, blue-button etc. are proves that distance is no longer a barrier for communication. Overall, digitalization and technological change are a fundamental foundation for today’s economic growth. There has been rapid increase in new businesses due to creativity and innovation. While this is evident, the present increase in low wage, non-standard work, working poverty and skill shortages are a concern on how digitalization impact employment pattern and social life. The objective of this paper is to provide evidence on the rise of precarious employment and to express the extent at which digitalization impact skill shortages in the German labour market. Structural labour market problems such as skill shortages (continuous demand for high skill individuals) and rise in precarious employment are a major concern that needs to be tackled in the German labour market.
Fintech is an innovative tool that applies technology to improve financial services.
Mobile Baking is the most common product of Fintech and has vast prospects to
improve access to financial resources for the previously unbanked populations. The role
of Fintech in providing inclusion is especially vital in developing countries- where the
proportion of the financially excluded remains high. This study focuses on the role of
M-Banking in serving mentioned populations, and identifies the factors influencing
adoption and usage of Fintech services. The last part also introduces the case of
Azerbaijan-a former USSR country, and concludes by drawing the potential paths of its
Fintech-inclusion development.