TY - JOUR A1 - Daniel Valdez, Gérson A1 - Valois, Flávio Pinheiro A1 - Bremer, Sammy Jonatan A1 - Bezerra, Kelly Christina Alves A1 - Hamoy Guerreiro, Lauro Henrique A1 - Santos, Marcelo Costa A1 - Bernar, Lucas Pinto A1 - Feio, Waldeci Paraguassu A1 - Moreira, Luiz Gabriel Santos A1 - Mendonça, Neyson Martins A1 - de Castro, Douglas Alberto Rocha A1 - Duvoisin, Sergio A1 - Borges, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro A1 - Machado, Nélio Teixeira ED - Di Giacomo, Gabriele T1 - Improving the Bio-Oil Quality of Residual Biomass Pyrolysis by Chemical Activation: Effect of Alkalis and Acid Pre-Treatment JF - Energies N2 - In this study, we investigated the acid (HCl) and alkali (KOH) chemical activation of açaí seeds (Euterpe Oleraceae, Mart.) pre-treatment before pyrolysis at temperatures of 350–450 °C in order to assess how reactions proceed when affected by temperature. Chemical composition of bio-oil and aqueous phase were determined by GC-MS and FT-IR. The bio-char is characterized by XRD. For the activation with KOH, the XRD analysis identified the presence of Kalicinite (KHCO3), the dominant crystalline phase in bio-char, while an amorphous phase was identified in bio-chars for the activation with HCl. The experiments have shown that bio-oil yield increases with temperature for the KOH activated biomass and decreases for the acid activated one. The KOH bio-oil is primarily composed of alcohols and ketones, showing the lowest acid values when compared with the HCl one, which is composed mainly of carboxylic acids and phenols. An increase in alcohol content and a decrease in ketones in the KOH bio-oil with temperature suggests conversion reactions between these two functions. For HCl bio-oil, carboxylic acid concentration increases with temperature while phenols decrease. For production of hydrocarbons, KOH activated biomass pyrolysis is better than acid-activated one, since no hydrocarbons were produced for HCl bio-oil. KW - Acai-Beere KW - açaí seeds KW - chemical activation KW - pyrolysis KW - acidity KW - liquid hydrocarbons KW - Pyrolyse KW - Acidität KW - Kohlenwasserstoffe KW - Aktivierung KW - Pflanzenöl Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:523-16821 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 16 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - MDPI ER -