@article{ErdilKhenkinRemecetal., author = {Erdil, Ulas and Khenkin, Mark and Remec, Marko and Emery, Quiterie and Sudhakar, Vediappan and Schlatmann, Rutger and Abate, Antonio and Katz, Eugene A. and Ulbrich, Carolin}, title = {Mimicking Outdoor Ion Migration in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Forward Bias, No-Light Accelerated Aging Approach}, series = {ACS Energy Letters}, volume = {10}, journal = {ACS Energy Letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, issn = {2380-8195}, doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.5c00376}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:523-20205}, pages = {1529 -- 1537}, abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are expected to transform the photovoltaic market; however, their unproven operational stability requires urgent attention, particularly accelerated aging tests. Currently, illumination is the primary stressor in such tests. In this work, we present an accelerated aging procedure consisting of prolonged forward biasing followed by a dark storage (postbias rest) phase, conducted entirely in the dark. During aging under forward bias, ion migration led to impeded charge transport, macroscopic defect growth, and an adverse response of the cells to short light soaking, all of which recovered in the postbias rest phase, yet resulted in increased recombination due to redistribution of ions. We found that outdoor operation of PSCs in Berlin, Germany, over a 20-month period exhibited similar dynamics, with periods of higher temperature and irradiance (spring-summer) aligning with the forward bias phase and cooler, dimmer periods (fall-winter) aligning with the postbias rest phase. This paves the way for accelerated aging tests that can mimic ion migration-induced degradation outdoors without requiring an illumination source.}, subject = {Perowskit}, language = {en} } @article{ErdilKhenkinBernardesdeAraujoetal., author = {Erdil, Ulas and Khenkin, Mark and Bernardes de Araujo, Wander Max and Emery, Quiterie and Lauermann, Iver and Paraskeva, Vasiliki and Norton, Matthew and Vediappan, Sudhakar and Kumar, D. Kishore and Gupta, Ritesh Kant and Visoly-Fisher, Iris and Hadjipanayi, Maria and Georghiou, George E. and Schlatmann, Rutger and Abate, Antonio and Katz, Eugene A. and Ulbrich, Carolin}, title = {Delamination of Perovskite Solar Cells in Thermal Cycling and Outdoor Tests}, series = {Energy Technology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Energy Technology}, number = {1}, issn = {2194-4288}, doi = {10.1002/ente.202401280}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:523-19632}, pages = {7}, abstract = {For the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), detection of associated degradation mechanisms and mitigation of their effect is of paramount importance. The former requires outdoor and indoor stability tests to detect these mechanisms under real operation conditions and to accelerate them under controlled environments. Herein, the thermomechanical stability of encapsulated PSCs in outdoor tests at three locations coupled with indoor thermal cycling tests is investigated. Results show that encapsulant-induced partial delamination can occur in outdoor and indoor tests, leading to disruption in device integrity and substantial loss in the cell active area and short-circuit current. The findings suggest that delamination involves C60 and SnO2 layers as the mechanically weakest point in the device stack. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first demonstration of delamination in encapsulated PSCs under real operation conditions. While partial delamination emerged on some of the cells exposed in Israel and Cyprus in just a few weeks, it did not occur in Germany over 2.5 years of outdoor exposure. This highlights the importance of multiclimate outdoor testing to validate the significance of failure modes observed through accelerated indoor testing.}, subject = {Delamination}, language = {en} }