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L'euro en 2019
(2010)
Dans ce numéro, la Revue propose de réfléchir au futur de la monnaie unique. De grands décideurs et des experts renommés ont été invités à répondre à la question suivante : « Quelles sont selon vous les évolutions les plus susceptibles d'influencer et, le cas échéant, de transformer la zone euro et son fonctionnement dans les dix années à venir ? ». L'ensemble des contributions est donc orienté vers l'avenir plutôt que vers l'évaluation des résultats du passé.
L'euro est considéré comme un succès, mais le bilan de l'UEM est plus controversé. Les auteurs nous livrent une réflexion sans complaisance qui met en valeur les défis de la prochaine décennie :
- si l'euro a bravement traversé la tempête de la crise financière et économique, des réparations et des aménagements s'imposent ;
- les outils de gestion macroéconomique de la zone euro doivent être plus efficaces ;
- il faut achever la construction du marché unique ;
- la stratégie d'élargissement doit être clarifiée ;
- le rôle international de l'euro va devoir être discuté dans un contexte marqué par les déséquilibres globaux et la contestation de la domination du dollar ;
- les Européens devront choisir de renforcer leurs institutions politiques s'ils tiennent à l'engrenage entre union monétaire et union politique.
Les différents enjeux sont clairement exprimés par les auteurs et il en résulte que si les dix premières années ont parfois été mouvementées, les dix prochaines ne le seront sans doute pas moins.
This article examines the domestic impact of supranational human rights litigation on acknowledgment of state violence in the context of macroprocesses of global governance. The article's argument is that the impact of supranational human rights litigation on the process of acknowledgment must be seen through counternarratives on state violence. The article undertakes a detailed textual analysis of the truth claims and denial strategies that emerged from the European Court of Human Rights proceedings on state violence during Turkey's struggle against the armed group the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). It assesses these in the context of the human rights reforms that were created following pressure from European-level governance processes. The article argues that attention must be paid to agency in acknowledgment and truth-telling processes, and points to the limits of technical-bureaucratic forms of human rights reform interventions in the context of state violence.
Reserve Prices as Reference Points : Evidence from Auctions for Football Players at Hattrick.org
(2010)
We study the impact of sellers’ reserve prices on transfer prices in online auctions of virtual football players at Hattrick.org. We introduce an empirical model that distinguishes between two separate effects from public reserve prices: (1) a mechanical effect, which is driven by the design of the English auction and (2) a psychological reference-dependence effect through reserve prices serving as reference points. The psychological effect has recently been introduced in behavioral models of situations where agents are uncertain about their own willingness-to-pay, while the mechanical effect is well captured by standard auction theory. Controlling for censoring when players are not sold, both effects are observed. Once we account for the potential endogeneity of reserve prices, however, we do not find evidence for reference dependence in Hattrick auctions.
This paper incorporates tax morale into the Allingham and Sandmo (1972) model of income tax evasion. Tax morale is modeled as a social norm for tax compliance. The strength of the norm is shaped endogenously, depending on the share of evaders in the society. Taxpayers act conditionally cooperative as their evasion depends on the others' compliance. We characterize the equilibrium which accounts for this interdependence and study the implications for tax and enforcement policies. The analysis is extended to the case of a society consisting of heterogenous communities. Individual evasion decisions are then embedded in a complex social structure and behavior is influenced by the norm compliance among morale reference groups. Within this framework, we highlight the role of belief management as an alternative policy tool.