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Der Beitrag bietet drei Erklärungen für die Prognose, dass es gemäß den Erkenntnissen der letzten Shell-Jugendstudien auf absehbare Zeit in Deutschland nicht zu breit angelegten Jugendprotesten kommen wird: Erstens, die Verfügbarkeit von bildungs- und sozialpolitischen Institutionen, die benachteiligte Jugendliche im Bildungssystem halten, bis diese schließlich eine Beschäftigung finden, und dadurch teilweise politischen Druck abbauen. Zweitens, die stark ausgeprägte Kultur des pragmatischen Individualismus, die bei der jungen Generation wenig Raum für traditionelle politische Betätigungen lässt. Drittens, die distanzierte Haltung gegenüber den traditionellen politischen Parteien, die ein grundsätzlich durchaus vorhandenes Interesse an politischer Beteiligung nicht zum Zuge kommen lässt.
Wind Power Generation
(2022)
Wind power plays a major role in the decarbonization of the power sector. Already now, it supplies increasing shares of the global energy demand. This book chapter provides an overview on the economics of wind energy and highlight global trends in the wind sector. It describes the technical characteristics of onshore and offshore wind energy and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of the respective technologies. The authors describe how wind power, as an intermittent source of energy, can be integrated into power systems. They also discuss how renewable energy support schemes contribute in fostering the deployment of wind power.
Widerstände und Reformpotenziale in öffentlichen Verwaltungen : Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie
(2010)
Öffentliche Verwaltungen sind permanent gefordert, ihre Leistungsfähigkeit unter Beweis zu stellen. Dies trifft insbesondere in Zeiten eines konjunkturellen Abschwungs und sinkender Steuereinnahmen zu. Der vorliegende Band dokumentiert die alljährliche Weiterbildungsveranstaltung des Instituts für Betriebswirtschaftslehre der gemeinwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen an der Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (Vorstand: o. Univ. Prof. Dkfm. Dr. Reinbert Schauer) zu diesem Themenbereich, die am 11. März 2010 stattfand (Verwaltungsmanagement-Tag 2010). Konzepte und Erfahrungen aus Deutschland und Österreich wurden dabei vorgestellt und einer vergleichenden Analyse unterzogen: Kommunales Verwaltungscontrolling Schlüsselkennzahlen für die Führung in Gemeinden Widerstände und Reformpotenziale in der Verwaltung. Kommunales Beteiligungsmanagement. (Buchinhalt, Verlagsangabe)
Why Study Foundation?
(1999)
The Maastricht Treaty set a series of convergence criteria that Member States have to meet to join the euro area. The Treaty is not specific, however, about how to prevent free-riding fiscal behaviour once Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is in place. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) represents an institutional response.1 Its design includes preventive and corrective mechanisms. The emphasis for the preventive arm rests on the monitoring of Member State behaviour. Euro-area Member States produce Stability Programme updates yearly in the autumn. The European Commission, for its part, assesses the programmes and makes recommendations to the Council of Economic and Finance Ministers (henceforth ‘ECOFIN’) on whether the programmes meet European fiscal objectives, which in particular includes the achievement of budget positions ‘close to balance or in surplus’. In order to move to the formal corrective arm of the Pact, a Member State would have to be found to have an ‘excessive deficit’.
This discussion of the ECJ in the context of a project on political representation in the EU responds to the Court’s changing functions in the integration process and also to the critique which the exercise of this function has provoked in recent years after the Court objected to constitutional provisions and legislation of constitutional status in particular in the sphere of labour law and social protection. The ECJ has been accused of partisanship with a neoliberal-monetarist agenda. These debates are bound to extend to the new functions which were assigned to the CJEU in the supervision of the budgetary discipline of Member States in the Euro zone. The problems that might arise in such a case have been foreshadowed by the recent jurisprudence on the legality of the European practices of crisis management. The judgments of the German Bundesverfassungsgericht of 12 September 1212 on the ESM Treaty and the Fiscal Compact and the CJEU Judgment of 27 November 2012 in the Pringle case are of exemplary importance. They document the difficulties both courts have with the defense of the autonomy of law against apparent functional necessities and concurring attitudes in the readiness to accept the primacy of the political.
What Information Does the Public Demand? Getting the News during the 2005 Anti-Japanese Protests
(2011)
Welfare State Formation in the Enlarged European Union: Patterns of Reform in Postcommunist States
(2007)
Eastern Enlargement of the European Union challenged the design of European Welfare states. Many authors discuss the impact of East European social security systems on their West European counterparts and fear a “race to the bottom”. This paper addresses welfare state developments in the eight post-socialist new member states which completed the accession process in 2004, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Slovenia (EU-8). We focus on institutional patterns and performance as well as on the impact of internal and external actors of welfare state formation. How do the EU-8 diverge from West European welfare states and how do they fit into the typology of welfare state regimes?
Welfare and Education
(2015)
Im Zentrum des Bandes stehen Austauschprozesse, Vermischungen sowie Konflikte zwischen verschiedenen Rechtskulturen. Dabei geht es um den Transfer von Rechtsordnungen, um lokale autonome Ordnungen in Bezug auf Ordnungen mit generellem Geltungsanspruch, um neue Formen der Hybridisierung in der wechselseitigen Rezeption von Rechtsgrundsätzen oder um die Herausbildung transnationaler Rechtsordnungen und die Frage, ob diese sich als Prozesse der Konstitutionalisierung, der Durchsetzung universaler Rechtsprinzipien oder des Managements von Pluralität deuten lassen.
Vorwort
(1996)
In der gegenwlirtigen politikwissenschaftiichen Europadiskussion ist es schon fast ein Gemeinplatz geworden, darauf zu verweisen, daB zur Erfassung des "ganzen Elefanten" (Puchala 1971) EU eine neue theo retische Anstrengung auf breiter Basis notwendig sei. Nachdem je doch das einzige umfassende und ausgearbeitete Theorieangebot, der Neofunktionalismus, von seinen Hauptvertretem vor nunmehr zwan zig Jahren fUr zunehmend inadtiquat erkllirt worden war, hat sich die ursprunglich stark interdisziplinlir orientierte Integrationsforschung wieder den durch die einzelnen Disziplinen bestimmten Fragestellun gen zugewandt, sofem sie sich nicht auf reine Deskription oder Ein zelfallstudien beschrlinkte. Theoretisch interessierte Arbeiten kniipfen daher immer wieder an tatslichliche oder vermeintliche Postulate des Neofunktionalismus an. Die einzige emsthafte Konkurrenz auf dem Feld der Integrationstheorie scheint in Form des "neoliberalen Institu tionalismus" oder des ,,Neorealismus" von der Theorie der intematio nalen Beziehungen zu kommen. Die Kontrastierung des Neofunktio nalismus mit den genannten Spielarten der Theorie der intemationalen Beziehungen reproduziert jedoch nur eine Debatte, die bereits in den sechziger Jahren gefUhrt wurde, und die sich letztlich darum drehte, ob die damaligen Europliischen Gemeinschaften eine neue politische Institution tiber den Nationalstaaten darstellten, die diese in den Hin tergrund zu drlingen drohte oder ob sie nichts anderes als ein Vehikel der nach wie vor tiberwliltigend einfluBreichen Staaten seien, urn ihre Herrschaftsanspruche und Gestaltungsspielrliume im Innem auch un ter den Bedingungen intemationaler Interdependenz zu sichem. Das bruchlose Ankniipfen an die auf hohem theoretischen Niveau geftihrte Debatte der sechziger und fruhen siebziger Jahre bringt je doch forschungsstrategisch mehr Nachteile als Vorteile.
Vorwort
(2009)
Der Versuch, eine Forschungs-Agenda zur Thematik „Soziale Investition“ auf Basis der bisherigen Forschung zu Non-Profit-Organisationen und Philanthropie aufzustellen, bringt zwei Herausforderungen mit sich. Die erste umfasst die massiven ökonomischen, demographischen und sozialen Veränderungen, die in allen entwickelten Ländern stattfinden – Entwicklungen, die von bedeutenden Richtungswechseln in der Politik begleitet werden wie der Neubewertung der Rolle des Staates, dem Schub zur Privatisierung öffentlicher Funktionen und dem Ruf nach größerer individueller und unternehmerischer Verantwortung. Gerade nach der Finanzkrise 2008/09 stellt sich die zentrale Frage post-wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Politikgestaltung: Welche Rahmenbedingungen, Institutionen, Organisationen und individuellen Leistungen können die Rolle des sich verändernden Staates einnehmen und eine Wächterfunktion über die Gemeinwohlproduktion in postindustriellen Gesellschaften einnehmen und gleichzeitig zur Gemeinwohlproduktion beitragen?(Buchinhalt)
Vocationalism
(2017)
Victim or Perpetrator? The Criminalised Migrant and the Idea of ‘Harm’ in the Labour Market Context
(2020)
This chapter provides powerful arguments against the criminalization of irregular migration. It does so by testing the extensive criminalization of irregular migrants against standard liberal principles of criminalization. The chapter argues that it is very difficult to identify any direct wrongs or harms to others that arise in virtue of ‘irregular’ migration. Furthermore, a malum prohibitum offence cannot be justified. Against these weak arguments in favour of criminalization, this chapter identifies compelling reasons against criminalization. Criminalization leads to further criminalization, which ultimately undermines both migrants’ and local workers’ fundamental rights. It also blocks discussion of one particularly worker-protective regulatory response to irregular migration, namely regularization. In truth, the criminalization of migrants represents a context where there has been a decisive rupture with liberal principles of criminalization.
Variety and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing in the Sharing Economy: A Research Agenda
(2020)
The sharing economy is one of the most influential developments of the last decade. The emergence of new forms of organizing it brings with it has affected modern (business) life at multiple levels: Sharing organizations have blurred the distinction between the individual roles of provider, user, and employee; they have introduced organizational practices of coordinating members and communities; and they have sparked societal, political, and economic debates in multiple fields. These dynamics at the individual, organizational, and field level provide an opportunity for organization scholars to take stock of and theorize the sharing economy.
This volume takes advantage of this opportunity by presenting a collection of empirical and conceptual work that explores the variety and the trajectories of new forms of organizing in the sharing economy, and in doing so builds on, rejuvenates, and refines existing organization theories.
Together, the chapters included in this volume offer a comprehensive overview of theoretically grounded research that deepens our understanding of new forms of organizing and indicates future avenues for research.
This chapter situates ‘executive styles’ within the wider ‘family of styles’ approaches and discusses some of the challenges for advancing comparative research in this field. To this end, it introduces two key institutional dimensions of executive politics that shape executive styles. Subsequently, it reviews and discusses empirical research on executive styles and elaborates on two analytical dimensions for the comparison of national and sectoral executive styles. In a next step, the chapter moves to comparisons over time and reviews studies that analyse the change of executive styles in individual country cases. While a range of (country) examples are used, the chapter draws in particular on European examples and quite specifically on Germany and the UK. The chapter concludes that exploring the varieties of executive styles requires combining national accounts that engage with the institutional and political complexities of single countries, or families of nations, in detail with focussed comparisons zooming in on specific dimensions.
Immunotherapy is currently revolutionizing the treatment of cancer. Detailed analyses of tumor immune cell interaction in the tumor microenvironment will facilitate an accurate prediction of a patient’s clinical response. The automatic and reliable pre-screening of histological tissue sections for tumor infiltrating immune cells (TILs) will support the development of TIL-based predictive biomarkers for checkpoint immunotherapy. In this paper, a learning approach for image classification is presented, which allows various pattern inquires for different types of tissue section images. The underlying trainable reaction diffusion model combines classification and denoising. The model is trained using a stochastic generation of training data. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated for immunofluorescent and for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained melanoma section images. A particular focus is on the classification of TILs in the proximity to melanoma cells in an experimental melanoma mouse model and in human melanoma. This new learning approach for images of melanoma tissue sections will refine the strategy for the practical clinical application of biomarker research.
This chapter discusses trading in the day-ahead and intraday electricity markets, first in general and then from the perspectives of renewable power generators and demand response, respectively. This includes an overview of the relevant literature, a theoretical framework, and illustrative quantitative examples. The uncertainty of renewable electricity supply drives price volatility, especially in the intraday market, and leads to balancing cost for renewables, which can be optimized through forecasting and trading. The increased intraday price volatility can be exploited and moderated by demand response, which thereby helps to balance the uncertainty of renewables.
Fintech applications such as robo-financial advisors (RAs) are complex algorithmic decision making systems, which gained prominence with their claim to democratize finance. Lack of transparency and explanations for these automated decisions leads to a trust deficit for users, limiting the potential of these applications. Our research aims to analyse the effectiveness of user-centric explanations in conveying the decision-making logic of complex algorithmic systems. Our user study tests techniques from explainable AI, varying in complexity and transparency. The quantitative aspects of our study determine the efficacy and usability of explanations and the qualitative aspects measure the effect of explanations on users and system usability. Our study finds trust and confidence of users in the system is positively correlated with comprehension and transparency provided by the presence of an explanation. There is a notable reduction in comprehension and trust between transparent white and opaque black box explanations of algorithms. This study is designed to aid policymakers and regulators in order to understand user needs which are crucial to designing better policies around algorithmic explainability for RAs.