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PURPOSE:
Adherence to dental preventive programmes in young adults is low. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to evaluate whether tutoring peers can be a compliance-enhancing tool or not.
METHODS:
In Part 1, two randomly selected classes (49 female students, mean age 19.8 + or - 2.3 years) were taught adult toothbrushing technique (the modified Bass technique) in a project-like manner. After the course, knowledge was tested using a class test, and compliance was evaluated using anonymous quantitative questionnaires. Compliance was defined as a reported degree of change from the easy-to-learn childhood toothbrushing techniques to the more efficient and challenging Bass technique. In Part 2 of the present longitudinal study, the compliance of these students was re-evaluated after having developed and applied themselves a programme of how to tutor peers in oral health. Re-evaluation of compliance was performed after 3 and 9 months.
RESULTS:
In Part 1, 28.5% of the students were compliant after 1 week. Compared with Part 1, the compliance in Part 2 was significantly higher (P u 0.001), both after 3 months (90%) and after 9 months (82%).
CONCLUSIONS:
Tutoring peers can significantly enhance the compliance over a period of 9 months. Tutoring can function as a form of empowerment and can establish a strong sustained health engagement. Tutoring peers in health-related subjects can readily be implemented in schools and might be an additional means of oral health promotion with fewer additional costs.
Adolescents as productive processors of reality. My socialization approach in youth research.
(2014)
Bezugswissenschaften der Physiotherapie: Soziologie und Gesundheitswissenschaften / Public Health
(2009)
Background: Since in three preceeding articles already five possible reference sciences of physiotherapy (philosophy, medicine, sports sciences, pedagogics and psychology) were portrayed this last one outlines sociology and health sciences/public health. While philosophy made the start due to its fundamental importance for all sciences the second article illustrated medicine and sports sciences which both are characterised by a historical and content closeness to physiotherapy. The third article investigated the relevance of pedagogics and psychology for physiotherapy, two disciplines which tend to focus on individual processes and structures. The two disciplines to be outlined in this article sociology and health sciences/public health, however, are characterised by their social perspective.
Objective/method: Like in the preceeding articles the disciplines are first outlined by an expert in view of their historical development as a discipline and their over the years emerging subsets, their central purpose and last but not least their current challenges. Following on from this two further experts substantiate exemplary the possible transfer potential for physiotherapy.
Results: Not only with the background of limited resources, growing competition and rising health products plurality in the health sector, it is becoming increasingly important for physiotherapy to professionalise and develop not only in its occupational group. It is rather called upon to position itself in society and its health-care system as well as to actively involve its physiotherapeutic competence in view of new challenges. Both sociology and health sciences offer physiotherapy useful perspectives, theories, methods and techniques.
Conclusions: A prospective physiotherapy science can use valuable impulses out of all seven disciplines portrayed in this article series for its further development and constitution. Apart from dealing with highlighted disciplines it is necessary to develop supplemental reference sciences and to critically investigate their potential for physiotherapy. In this process it is important for all loans from other disciplines to perform an appropriate objective and content transfer into physiotherapeutic questions and not attach great importance to the physiotherapeutic context per se without evaluation.
Viele Eltern und Lehrer finden das deutsche Bildungssystem kompliziert und unübersichtlich. Jedes Bundesland hat eigene Schulen, eigene Lehrpläne. Der Föderalismus ist nicht sehr populär. Doch die Kulturhoheit hat in Deutschland eine lange Tradition. Und würde eine stärkere Zentralisierung die Kindergärten, Schulen und Universitäten wirklich besser machen?
Das Bildungsniveau der Bevölkerung eines Landes wird in Wissenschaft und Politik zunehmend als Indikator für Kreativität und Produktivität wahrgenommen. Wie internationale Schulleistungsvergleiche (etwa PISA) demonstrieren, sind die Bildungserfolge eines Landes auf das gesamte, historisch gewachsene Arrangement der Wohlfahrtspolitik zurückzuführen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Typologie von Wohlfahrtspolitiken nach Esping-Andersen um Elemente der Bildungspolitik ergänzt und exemplarisch auf Deutschland als konservativem, die USA als liberalem und Schweden als sozialdemokratischem Wohlfahrtsregime angewandt. Im Vergleich zu den USA erreicht Deutschland zwar ein höheres Bildungsniveau, schneidet aber bei der Bildungsgleichheit schlechter ab. Im Vergleich zum "sozialdemokratischen" Schweden liegen in Deutschland sowohl die Bildungserträge als auch die Bildungsgleichheit niedriger. Diese Unterschiede werden auf die unterschiedliche Akzentuierung von sozialer Sicherungs- und Bildungspolitik und die damit verbundene Organisation des Bildungssystems zurückgeführt. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Fazit, dass nur eine enge Verzahnung von sozialer Sicherungs- und Bildungspolitik den Bildungserfolg und damit die langfristige Wohlfahrt eines Landes sichert.
Obwohl Bildungsbenachteiligung seit langem ein Thema der Ungleichheitsforschung ist, sind die individuellen und strukturellen Ursachen der neuen Bildungsarmut nur wenig erforscht. Das Buch schließt diese Lücke.
Während sich der Wettbewerb auf dem Arbeitsmarkt verschärft, geraten diejenigen ins Hintertreffen, die den wachsenden Qualifikationsanforderungen nicht nachkommen. Diese sind von dauerhafter Exklusion aus dem Arbeitsmarkt bedroht - mit Konsequenzen für die soziale Integration, die Lebenszufriedenheit, die Gesundheit und die politischen Einstellungen.
Dieses Buch versammelt die aktuelle Forschung über die Ursachen und die Folgen der neuen Ungleichheiten in der Bildungsgesellschaft. Es beantwortet die Frage, wer heute zu den „Bildungsverlieren“ gehört, welche individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Ursachen Bildungsarmut hat, was es für ein Individuen bedeutet, zu den „Bildungsverlierern“ zu gehören, was es eine Gesellschaft kostet, einen Teil ihrer Jugend quasi „abzuhängen“, und sucht nach effizienten politischen und pädagogischen Interventionsansätzen.
In 2007, we published the first survey on children in Germany. In that “1st World Vision Children Study,” we decided to perform more than just a representative and standardized questionnaire survey of 1,600 children aged 8–11 years. We also chose to carry out qualitative interviews linked together with a game, and to extend these interviews to include children from the age of 6 years onward. One important finding of the 2007 survey was the devastating impact of social inequality on children’s lives and the growing numbers of children who experience poverty. In 2010, we published a new survey of children, the “2nd World Vision Study.” This covered a sample of 2,500 children aged 6 to 11 years. We added some questions on the feelings and everyday life experiences children have when they are poor. We also included questions on respect, and self-efficacy. Both studies are based on a concept of child well-being. We consider that the World Vision Study of 2010 delivers one major finding: What contributes to the well-being of children in Germany is the granting of freedoms and the experiences of autonomy embedded among experiences of parental care within committed relationships. Hence, it is precisely a combination of freedom and parental care, of co-determination and protection that leads to a high life satisfaction in 6- to 11-year-olds.(Publishers Information)
Purpose
The German population-based longitudinal COVID-19 and Psychological Health study monitors changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies vulnerable groups.
Methods
A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May 2020 to June 2020 (Wave 1), December 2020 to January 2021 (Wave 2), and September 2021 to October 2021 (Wave 3). In total, n = 2,097 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years were investigated using measures to assess HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms(PHQ-2), and psychosomatic complaints(HBSC-SCL).
Results
The prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 40% and 48% in Waves 1 and 2 and improved slightly to 35% in Wave 3 (all differences significant). Similarly, overall mental health problems increased from 18% prepandemic to 29% in Wave 1 and 31% in Wave 2 to 28% in Wave 3 (all differences significant, except Wave 3 vs. 2), anxiety increased from 15% prepandemic to 24% and 30% in Waves 1 and 2 and was still 27% in Wave 3. Depressive symptoms increased from 10% prepandemic to 11% and 15% in Waves 1 and 2 and were 11% in Wave 3. A group with low parental education, restricted living conditions, migration background, and parental mental health problems was at significantly increased risk of HRQoL and mental health impairments.
Discussion
The prevalence of low HRQoL, mental health problems, and anxiety has been elevated throughout the pandemic. Thus, mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention strategies need to be implemented to support adolescents–particularly those at risk.
This study investigates whether class-level school performance affects students’ life satisfaction and if there are differential effects for high- and low-performing students. Data were derived from the National Educational Panel Study, including n = 5196 students (49.6% girls), nested in 478 classes and 250 secondary schools. School performance in class was measured by aggregating individual grade point average in Mathematics and German. The study could not reveal the “big-fish-little-pond”-effect regarding students’ life satisfaction but found differential effects for high- vs. low performing students. There was no significant association for low-performing students attending classes with higher class-level performance However, low-performing students revealed the lowest life satisfaction. High-performing students placed in classes with higher average performance reported lower life satisfaction compared to high-performing students in classes with lower average performance. This study provides evidence for the impact of the learning environment in class on school-aged children’s life satisfaction, by highlighting the differential sensitivity of high-performing students when placed in classes with higher or lower average performance.