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The relationship between interpersonal trust and membership in voluntary associations is a persistent research finding in sociology. What is more, the notion of trust has become a central issue in current social science theorizing covering such diverse approaches as transaction costs economics or cognitive sociology. In different ways and for different purposes, these approaches address the role of voluntary organizations, although, as this paper argues, much of this thinking remains sketchy and underdeveloped. Against an empirical portrait of this relationship, the purpose of this paper is to assess such theorizing. We first set out to explicate major approaches to trust in economics, sociology and political science, using the non-profit or voluntary organization as a focal point. We then examine the various approaches in terms of their strengths and weaknesses, and, finally, identify key areas for theoretical development. In particular, we point to the social movement literature, the social psychology of trust, and recent thinking about civil society.
The third, voluntary or non-profit sector has recently emerged as a recognized actor in the EU policy process. Yet, at the same time, most of the initiatives associated with it have been characterized by inertia, delays and perceived low salience from the perspective of many of the leading actors involved. This article represents a first attempt to explore and explain this situation, drawing upon Kingdon's 'independent streams' approach. Five interrelated third sector policy initiatives are discussed: the European Association Statute; Declaration 23 attached to the Maastricht Treaty; a 1997 Communication dealing with the role of associations and foundations in Europe; the third sector's involvement in the Structural Funds; and the third sector's role in overseas development.
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(2001)