TY - CHAP A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - Zum Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vom 12 September 2012 über den ESM- und den Fiskalvertrag T2 - Jahrbuch der Juristischen Gesellschaft Bremen 2013 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3837812046 VL - 14 SP - 27 EP - 31 PB - Ed. Temmen CY - Bremen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - De la integrarea prin drept la criza financiară: Ce a mai rămas din constituţia economică europeană? JF - Revista Română de Drept European (Romanian Review of European Law) N2 - This paper will defend the 'conflicts-law approach' and develop a step further an approach to European law which I call "conflicts-law constitutionalism". The argument will proceed in three distinct steps. I will first recall very briefly the legacy of the 'integration through law' project and submit that the conflicts-law approach can be understood as an effort to rewrite and to re-conceptualise the project of Europe's 'integration trough law' (II). The main section of the paper will confront the legacy of 'integration through law' with Karl Polanyi's economic sociology and its warnings against the commod if ication of land, labour and money (III). On that basis the potential of the conflicts-law approach will be explored in three scenarios which the commod if ication of these goods have provoked (IV). The concluding part will contrast the approach with Jürgen Habermas' renewed plea for a demoaatisation of the European project on the one hand and the Großraum theory of Habermas' favourite enemy on the other (V). KW - Conflicts- law KW - Integration trough law KW - Karl Polanyi KW - Jürgen Habermas KW - Carl Schmitt Y1 - 2013 UR - https://search.proquest.com/docview/1348897657?accountid=11379 SN - 2068-8083 N1 - In romanian language. In rumänischer Sprache. VL - 2013 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 43 PB - Wolters Kluwer Romania CY - Bukarest ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - European Democracy and Conflicts-Law Constitutionalism: Affinities, Differences, Concerns Y1 - 2013 PB - NYU School of Law CY - New York ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - Unity in Diversity as Europe’s Vocation and Conflicts Law as Europe’s Constitutional Form T2 - LSE : Europe in Question Discussion Paper Series (No. 28) N2 - Unity in Diversity” was the fortunate motto of the otherwise unfortunate Draft Constitutional Treaty. The motto did not make it in to the Treaty of Lisbon. It deserves to be kept alive in a new constitutional perspective, namely the re-conceptualisation of European law as new type of conflicts law. The new type of conflicts law which the paper advocates is not concerned with selecting the proper legal system in cases with connections to various jurisdictions. It is instead meant to respond to the increasing interdependence of formerly more autonomous legal orders and to the democracy failure of constitutional states which result from the external effects of their laws and legal decisions on non-nationals. European has many means to compensate these shortcomings. It can derive its legitimacy from that compensatory potential without developing federal aspirations. The paper illustrates this approach with the help of a topical example, namely the conflict between European economic freedoms and national industrial relations (collective labour)law. The recent jurisprudence of the ECJ in Viking, Laval, and Rüffert in which the Court established the supremacy of the freedoms over national labour law is criticised as a counterproductive deepening of Europe's constitutional asymmetry and its social deficit. The introductory and the concluding sections generalise the perspectives of the conflicts-law approach. The introductory section takes issue with max Weber’s national state. The concluding section suggests a three-dimensional differentiation of the approach which seeks to respond to the need for transnational regulation and governance. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.lse.ac.uk/europeaninstitute/leqs/leqspaper28.pdf N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.lse.ac.uk/europeaninstitute/leqs/leqspaper28.pdf VL - 28 PB - LEQS CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joerges, Christian ED - Steinbeis, Maximilian T1 - Ernstnehmen des Anderen. Und zwar als Rechtsgebot! Darum geht es in Europa JF - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.verfassungsblog.de/wir-schreiten-dadurch-voran-dass-wir-verstehen-lernen-wie-wir-mit-vielfalt-leben-konnen/#.VFylSslBH2o N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.verfassungsblog.de/wir-schreiten-dadurch-voran-dass-wir-verstehen-lernen-wie-wir-mit-vielfalt-leben-konnen/#.VFylSslBH2o CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard T1 - Trendergebnisse einer deutschlandweiten Studie im Vorfeld des Zukunftskongresses Staat & Verwaltung 2013 unter Schirmherrschaft des Bundesministeriums des Innern N2 - In Partnerschaft mit dem Bundesministerium des Innern (BMI) und weiteren Partnern veranstaltete Wegweiser im Juni 2013 erstmals den Zukunftskongress Staat & Verwaltung. Im Vorfeld wurde die Studie Zukunftspanel 2013 zum Zukunftskongress Staat & Verwaltung durchgeführt, eine Weiterentwicklung des jährlichen Monitoring E-Government & Verwaltungsmodernisierung Deutschland, das seit mittlerweile mehr als zehn Jahren als einzige kontinuierliche Befragung den Fortschritt sowie die Trends, Perspektiven und Herausforderungen der Verwaltungsmodernisierung in Deutschland erhebt. - Das Zukunftspanel analysiert bei nahezu allen Verwaltungen in Bund, Ländern und Kommunen den Status quo, erzielte Erfolge und zukünftige Herausforderungen der Verwaltungsreform und Digitalisierung der Verwaltung - Es erfasst – im Vorfeld des Zukunftskongresses Staat & Verwaltung 2013 – konkrete Fortschritte bei der Verwaltungsmodernisierung - Es identifiziert Erfolgsprojekte, die zur Übertragung und Nachahmung anregen sollen - Es beschleunigt die Diskussion um drängende Modernisierungs- und Sanierungsmaßnahmen in Staat und Verwaltung Das Zukunftspanel Staat & Verwaltung wird von der Wegweiser GmbH Berlin Research & Strategy in Zusammenarbeit mit der Hertie School of Governance durchgeführt.(Quelle: Wegweiser.de) Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Ein Leben ohne Kinder: Ausmaß, Strukturen und Ursachen von Kinderlosigkeit N2 - Trotz der offensichtlichen sozialpolitischen Relevanz und großen medialen Aufmerksamkeit des Phänomens Kinderlosigkeit sind das Ausmaß, die Ursachen und die Konsequenzen der Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland bislang unzureichend untersucht worden, mit der Folge, dass in öffentlichen Debatten eine unkritische Verwendung irreführender, wenn nicht falscher Angaben über Kinderlosigkeit vorherrscht. Das Ziel des Bandes besteht vor diesem Hintergrund darin, das Phänomen der Kinderlosigkeit in Deutschland analytisch differenziert zu durchdringen und belastbare Daten und Ergebnisse über das Ausmaß und die Struktur, die Ursachen und Folgen von Kinderlosigkeit zu präsentieren. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-531-94149-3 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Klüsener, Sebastian A1 - Neels, Karel T1 - Family Policies and the Western European Fertility Divide: Insights from a Natural Experiment in Belgium JF - Population and Development Review N2 - Countries in Northwestern Europe, including Belgium, report cohort fertility levels of close to two children per woman; whereas Central European countries, such as Germany, have levels of around 1.6 children. In seeking to explain these differences, some scholars have stressed the role of the social policy context, while others have pointed to variation in fertility-related social norms. But because these influences are interdependent, it is difficult to isolate their effects on fertility trends. This study attempts to disentangle these two factors by drawing on a quasi-natural experiment. After World War I Germany was compelled to cede the Eupen–Malmedy territory to Belgium. The population of this region has retained its German linguistic identity, but has been subject to Belgian social policies. We examine whether the fertility trends in this German-speaking region of Belgium follow the Belgian or the German pattern. Our findings indicate that they generally resemble the Belgian pattern. This suggests that institutional factors are important for understanding the current fertility differences in Western Europe. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00629.x SN - 1728-4457 VL - 39 IS - 4 SP - 587 EP - 610 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Recommendations and Conclusion T2 - The Governance Report 2013 N2 - This Report is about the state of governance. Few would doubt that the conditions of governance have changed — and continue to change — as the early 21st century seems to enter a period of profound uncertainty. Yet, at the same time, the world seems alive with a cacophony of approaches — old and new — on how to improve governance and, ultimately, policy outcomes. This Report — the first in a series of annual editions produced by the Hertie School of Governance — seeks to address the implications of the current state of the world in terms of "good governance", that is, the effective, efficient, and reliable set of legitimate institutions and actors dedicated to dealing with matters of public concern, be it in the field of financial markets, health care, security, or migration, and across local, national, and international levels. Following an introduction that offers a framework of basic concepts and models, The Governance Report 2013 then goes on to explore a number of global challenges and the reasons behind seemingly lacklustre responses and highlight the need for responsible sovereignty; examine in depth the challenges of financial and fiscal governance with a focus on the trade-offs and ways to address them; analyse key governance innovations and their potential for success; and assess existing indicators of governance, while proposing a new framework for collecting, interpreting, and applying governance-related information. The findings lead to a set of concrete proposals on the way ahead.(About the Book) Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0199674428 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. SP - 149 EP - 162 PB - Oxford Univ.Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Fliegauf, Mark T1 - The Contribution of Innovation Research to Understanding Governance Innovation: A Review T2 - Governance Challenges & Innovations: Financial and Fiscal Governance N2 - The chapter situates governance innovations within the broad innovation literature. It offers a multi-dimensional concept of innovations; reviews causes and conditions for innovation such as innovator characteristics and innovation systems; highlights the interdependent relationship between innovation and isomorphism; and identifies the main characteristics of innovations in the realm of governance. Our engagement with the literature reveals seven propositions and hypotheses that can guide research on governance innovations in the future. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-19-967493-0 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. SP - 137 EP - 169 PB - Oxford Univ.Press CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Fliegauf, Mark T1 - Financial Governance Through the Lens of Innovation T2 - Governance Challenges and Innovations: Financial and Fiscal Governance N2 - The chapter examines the evolution of governance arrangements in the global financial system through the lens of governance innovation. It explores the interplay between financial crisis and the emergence and increasing complexity of the current international system, compares governance innovation in finance to fiscal and monetary policy, and addresses the potential for a radical break from the status quo. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-19-967493-0 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. SP - 171 EP - 185 PB - Oxford Univ.Press CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Umbrüche II: Organisationen im Widerstand: Organisationsmöglichkeiten der Civil Society T2 - Widerstand in Organisationen. Organisationen im Widerstand : Virtuelle Plattformen, Edupunks und der nachfolgende Staat N2 - Widerstand wird in der Regel nicht staatlich organisiert, auch nicht in der Demokratie. Wer an Widerstand denkt, der denkt an Straßenproteste, Sitzblockaden, aber auch subtilere Versuche, Einfluss zu nehmen auf den öffentlichen Diskurs, politische Alternativen zu formulieren und Menschen zu bewegen, sich für politischen Wandel einzusetzen. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-531-18790-7 SP - 207 EP - 213 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Korreck, Sabrina T1 - Governance Innovations T2 - The Governance Report 2013 N2 - This Report is about the state of governance. Few would doubt that the conditions of governance have changed — and continue to change — as the early 21st century seems to enter a period of profound uncertainty. Yet, at the same time, the world seems alive with a cacophony of approaches — old and new — on how to improve governance and, ultimately, policy outcomes. This Report — the first in a series of annual editions produced by the Hertie School of Governance — seeks to address the implications of the current state of the world in terms of "good governance", that is, the effective, efficient, and reliable set of legitimate institutions and actors dedicated to dealing with matters of public concern, be it in the field of financial markets, health care, security, or migration, and across local, national, and international levels. Following an introduction that offers a framework of basic concepts and models, The Governance Report 2013 then goes on to explore a number of global challenges and the reasons behind seemingly lacklustre responses and highlight the need for responsible sovereignty; examine in depth the challenges of financial and fiscal governance with a focus on the trade-offs and ways to address them; analyse key governance innovations and their potential for success; and assess existing indicators of governance, while proposing a new framework for collecting, interpreting, and applying governance-related information. The findings lead to a set of concrete proposals on the way ahead. (About the Book) Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0199674428 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. SP - 83 EP - 116 PB - Oxford Univ.Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Stanig, Piero A1 - Kayser, Mark A. T1 - Introducing a New Generation of Governance Indicators T2 - The Governance Report 2013 N2 - This Report is about the state of governance. Few would doubt that the conditions of governance have changed — and continue to change — as the early 21st century seems to enter a period of profound uncertainty. Yet, at the same time, the world seems alive with a cacophony of approaches — old and new — on how to improve governance and, ultimately, policy outcomes. This Report — the first in a series of annual editions produced by the Hertie School of Governance — seeks to address the implications of the current state of the world in terms of "good governance", that is, the effective, efficient, and reliable set of legitimate institutions and actors dedicated to dealing with matters of public concern, be it in the field of financial markets, health care, security, or migration, and across local, national, and international levels. Following an introduction that offers a framework of basic concepts and models, The Governance Report 2013 then goes on to explore a number of global challenges and the reasons behind seemingly lacklustre responses and highlight the need for responsible sovereignty; examine in depth the challenges of financial and fiscal governance with a focus on the trade-offs and ways to address them; analyse key governance innovations and their potential for success; and assess existing indicators of governance, while proposing a new framework for collecting, interpreting, and applying governance-related information. The findings lead to a set of concrete proposals on the way ahead.(About the Book) Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-19-967442-8 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. SP - 117 EP - 148 PB - Oxford Univ.Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus ED - Hurrelmann, Klaus ED - Schultz, Tanjev T1 - Die Akademikergesellschaft: Müssen in Zukunft alle studieren? N2 - Ein Studium ist nichts Besonderes mehr. Viele Berufe können nur noch mit einem akademischen Abschluss ausgeübt werden. Wird sich dieser Trend fortsetzen – und mit welchen Folgen für den Wert verschiedener Bildungswege? Wissenschaftler und Publizisten, Studenten und Lehrer, Vertreter der Wirtschaft und der Gewerkschaften ergreifen Partei: für oder gegen eine Gesellschaft, in der Akademiker immer wichtiger werden. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-7799-2753-2 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - van de Walle, Steven A1 - Andrews, Rhys A1 - Bezes, Philippe A1 - Görnitz, Anja A1 - Oprisor, Anja A1 - Stimac, Vid T1 - Public Administration Reform in Europe: Views and Experiences from Senior Executives in 10 Countries : WP3 Cross-national report as part of the COCOPS Research Project T2 - COCOPS Work Package 3: Survey of public managers Y1 - 2013 N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.cocops.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/WP3-Comparative-Report.pdf PB - COCOPS CY - [Rotterdam [u.a.]] ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Fiedler, Jobst A1 - Osterheld, Max T1 - The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Public Administration: Country Report Germany T2 - COCOPS Work Package 7: Coordination after the crisis Y1 - 2013 PB - COCOPS CY - [Rotterdam [u.a.]] ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Görnitz, Anja A1 - Oprisor, Anja A1 - Stimac, Vid T1 - Public Sector Reform in Germany: Views and Experiences from Senior Executives : Country Report as part of the COCOPS Research Project T2 - COCOPS Work Package 3: Survey of public managers N2 - This country report summarizes the findings from the COCOPS survey in Germany and aims to systematically map German experiences with administrative reform and performance management from a top executive perspective. It is based on answers from 566 public sector executives and separately describes the results for central government (both federal and Länder) as well as for the employment and health sector and also includes comparisons with the overall COCPS survey with 4814 answers from 10 European countries. The results of this executive survey confirm both an ongoing relevance of the legalistic Weberian tradition and a more incrementalist approach to public administration in Germany , but also bring a more nuanced image of the administrative reform introduced and implemented in Germany. The results show interesting differences at policy sector level and in particular a significantly higher adoption and institutionalization of performance management as well as a stronger reform intensity in the employment sector along with a significantly more positive assessment of these reforms. The data also indicate that a higher adoption of management instruments goes a long with a more positive assessment of administrative performance and – contrary to the common assumption – does not have a negative impact on factors such as work satisfaction, social capital and organizational commitment. From an international comparative perspective administrative we find evidence for a rather similar reform agenda with most other European countries but also a more hesitant adoption – especially of performance management – in Germany. Y1 - 2013 SN - 2211 - 2006 N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.cocops.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Germany_WP3-Country-Report.pdf PB - COCOPS CY - [Rotterdam [u.a.]] ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Oprisor, Anca A1 - Stimac, Vid T1 - COCOPS Executive Survey on Public Sector Reform in Europe : Research Report T2 - COCOPS Work Package 3: Survey of public managers Y1 - 2013 SN - 2211 - 2006 N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.cocops.eu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/COCOPS-WP3-Research-Report.pdf PB - COCOPS CY - [Rotterdam [u.a.]] ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Karch, Heribert A1 - Gensicke, Thomas A1 - Otto, Annette A1 - Burger, Csaba A1 - Clark, Gordon L. ED - Hurrelmann, Klaus ED - Karch, Heribert T1 - Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen : von der Generation Praktikum zur Generation Altersarmut? T2 - Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen (MetallRente Studie) N2 - Heute Generation Praktikum – morgen Generation Altersarmut? Vom Verhalten der jungen Generation hängt es ab, ob die auf eine frühe Eigenvorsorge setzenden Rentenreformen der letzten Jahre Erfolg haben werden oder nicht. Macht die junge Generation den eingeleiteten Systemwechsel mit? Die vom Versorgungswerk MetallRente beauftragte Studie macht deutlich, dass die neuen Anforderungen der Altersvorsorge in deutlichem Widerspruch zur Lebensplanung junger Menschen stehen. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-7799-2881-2 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim [u.a.] ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Andresen, Sabine A1 - Schneekloth, Ulrich ED - Deutschland, World Vision T1 - Kinder in Deutschland 2013: 3. World Vision Kinderstudie N2 - Schwerpunkt Gerechtigkeit Neben den bewährten Themen Familie, Schule, Freunde und Freizeit ist das Schwerpunktthema der World Vision Kinderstudie 2013 das Thema Gerechtigkeit. Die Kinder wurden befragt, was Gerechtigkeit für sie überhaupt ist und ob und wo sie sich gerecht oder ungerecht behandelt fühlen. Erhoben wurden die Antworten zum einen wieder über eine quantitative Studie, bei der die Kinder von Interviewerinnen und Interviewern einen Fragebogen mit 60 Fragen vorgelegt bekamen, den sie in etwa 30 Minuten beantworteten. Dies ist der erste Teil der Studie. Zum anderen gab es wieder einen qualitativen Teil, in dem 12 Kinder in Tiefeninterviews und mit kindgerechten Methoden zu ihren Lebenswelten befragt wurden. Daraus entstanden 12 Kinderporträts, die den zweiten Teil der Studie füllen. (Verlagsangabe) Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-407-85950-1 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Schultz, Tanjev ED - Hurrelmann, Klaus ED - Schultz, Tanjev T1 - Staatshilfe für Eltern : brauchen wir das Betreuungsgeld? N2 - Deutschland ist ein Wohlfahrtsstaat, bei dem traditionell die Familie im Zentrum steht. Viele staatliche Leistungen, wie Kindergeld und Elterngeld, fließen den Familien direkt zu. Dennoch ist der Anteil von Familien, die in relativer Armut leben, im internationalen Vergleich hoch, und der Bildungserfolg von Kindern hängt eng mit der sozialen Lage der Eltern zusammen. Dieses Buch greift die Debatte über ein Betreuungsgeld auf und fragt grundsätzlich: Welche Staatshilfen brauchen Eltern und Kinder wirklich? Wohin soll das Geld fließen? Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-7799-2752-5 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Ruser, Alexander T1 - Europe’s (future) role on the global stage T2 - Dahrendorf Symposium Paper Series Y1 - 2013 UR - www.dahrendorf-symposium.eu/fileadmin/News/Papers/2013_Dahrendorf_Symposium_Paper_Summaries/Europe_s__future__role_on_the_global_stage__ANHEIER_RUSER.pdf CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Hornung, Anne A1 - Kubisch, Karolin T1 - The German Generations and Gender Survey: Some Critical Reflections on the Validity of Fertility Histories JF - Comparative Population Studies N2 - This paper validates the fertility histories of the German Generations and Gender Survey (GGS). Focusing on the cohorts 1930-69 of West German women, the total number of children, the parity distribution and the parity progression ratios are compared to external sources. One major result from this validation is that the German GGS understates the fertility for the older cohorts and overstates it for the younger ones. We presume that two mechanisms are responsible for this pattern in the German GGS: On the one hand, children who have left parental home are underreported in the retrospective fertility histories. On the other hand, women with small children are easier to reach by the interviewer. These two mechanisms taken together produce too low numbers of children for the older and too high ones for the younger cohorts. Extending the validation to marital histories has revealed a similar bias. Our general conclusion from this investigation is that the German GGS may not be used for statistical analyses of cohort fertility and marriage trends. For subsequent surveys, we suggest integrating simple control questions in questionnaires with complex retrospective fertility and union histories. T2 - Der deutsche Generations and Gender Survey: Einige kritische Betrachtungen zur Validität der Fertilitätsverläufe KW - Fertility KW - Fertility history KW - Union history KW - Marriage KW - Data validation KW - West Germany KW - Generations and Gender Survey KW - GGS Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-8508 SN - 1869-8999 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 28 PB - Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Goldstein, Joshua A1 - Jasilioniene, Aiva A1 - Karaman Örsal, Deniz Dilan T1 - Fertility reactions to the "Great Recession" in Europe : Recent evidence from oder-specific data JF - Demographic Research N2 - Objective: This paper provides recent cross-national evidence of the impact of the great recession on fertility in Europe in the context of the recent decade. Methods: Using data from the Human Fertility Database (HFD), from Eurostat, and from the OECD database, we employ fixed-effects modeling to study how changes in unemployment rates have affected birth rates across Europe. Results: We find that countries that were hit hard by the recession show reduced fertility when compared with a continuation of recent trends, especially at younger ages. Conclusions: Our results indicate a strong relationship between economic conditions and fertility. However, there is variation by region, age, and parity suggesting the importance of life course and institutional factors. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-8511 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.4 SN - 1435-9871 VL - 29 SP - 85 EP - 104 PB - Max-Planck Institut für demografische Forschung CY - Rostock ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Krapf, Sandra T1 - Demografischer Wandel : Geburtenentwicklung und Lebensformen T2 - Datenreport 2013 : Ein Sozialbericht für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland N2 - Der Datenreport, den die bpb zusammen mit dem Statistischen Bundesamt, dem Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin und dem Deutschen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung 2013 in der 14. Auflage herausgibt, gehört zu den Standardwerken für all jene, die sich schnell und verlässlich über statistische Daten und sozialwissenschaftliche Analysen zu den aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland informieren wollen. Journalisten, Studierende, aber auch Fachleute aus Wissenschaft, Politik, Wirtschaft und Verwaltung erhalten mit dem Datenreport ein übersichtlich gestaltetes Handbuch, das sie mit den notwendigen Zahlen, Fakten und Argumenten versorgt, um an den öffentlichen Debatten zu den wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und politischen Trends in unserem Lande teilzunehmen. (Angabe zum Buch) Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-8389-7100-1 N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Datenreport/Downloads/Datenreport2013.pdf?__blob=publicationFile SP - 34 EP - 41 PB - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Spieß, C. Katharina A1 - Lohmann, Henning T1 - Potentiale des Sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP) und des Mikrozensus zur Bestimmung kontextueller Faktoren ungleicher Bildungschancen T2 - Bildungskontexte : Strukturelle Voraussetzungen und Ursachen ungleicher Bildungschancen. N2 - Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Potentiale des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) und des Mikrozensus für kontextuelle Analysen im Bereich der Bildungsforschung. Wir betrachten die Möglichkeiten und auch Grenzen, welche mit diesen beiden Datensätzen verbunden sind. Sie heben sich dadurch hervor, dass eine Berücksichtigung des Familien- und Haushaltskontextes möglich ist und die Datensätze in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß die Abbildung von institutionellen und regionalen Kontexten zulassen. Die Datensätze weisen unterschiedliche Stärken auf, die sich auch aus den hohen Fallzahlen des Mikrozensus oder der längsschnittlichen Betrachtung von Haushalten im SOEP ergeben. Da die verfügbaren Daten bis in die 1970er bzw. 1980er Jahre zurückreichen, bieten beide Datensätze Potentiale zur Analyse des Bildungsverhaltens in sich wandelnden Kontexten. Im Beitrag werden Analysebeispiele aus dem Bereich der frühen Bildung vorgestellt. In einem Ausblick diskutieren wir kurz zukünftige Analysepotentiale der Datensätze. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-531-18226-1 SP - 145 EP - 171 PB - VS-Verl. CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Familie und Lebensformen T2 - Handwörterbuch zur Gesellschaft Deutschlands N2 - Familie ist ein » moving target «, d. h. ein Gegenstand, der sich mit dem sozialhistorischen und kulturellen Kontext wandelt. Die Leitbilder von Familie und Grenzziehungen zwischen Familie und Nichtfamilie waren und sind gesellschaftlich umstritten. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-531-18929-1 SP - 257 EP - 271 PB - VS-Verl. CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Das Schulsystem in Deutschland: Das Zwei-Wege-Modell setzt sich durch JF - Zeitschrift für Pädagogik N2 - Im Zusammenhang mit der Diskussion über das Für und Wider des dreigliedrigen Schulsystems in der Bundesrepublik machte der Autor dieses Artikels in den 1970er Jahren den Vorschlag, Haupt-, Real- und Gesamtschulen zu inte­grierten Sekundarschulen zusammenzufassen, mit eigenen Oberstufen auszustatten und dem Gymnasium gleichzustellen. Dieser Artikel zeichnet die wissenschaftliche und politische Diskussion zu diesem "Zwei-Wege-Modell". Die Analyse zeigt, dass nach anfänglicher vehementer Ablehnung im Zuge der Vereinigung der beiden deutschen Staaten eine schrittweise Annäherung an das Modell erfolgte. Die Gründe werden unter anderem in der Stärkung der international ausgerichteten empirischen Bildungsforschung und dem dadurch entstandenen Druck gesehen, Bildungsgerechtigkeit herzustellen. Hinzu kommen gestiegene Qualifikationsanforderungen sowie demografische Faktoren. Es wird die These vertreten, dass es sich hierbei um unumkehrbare Entwicklungstrends handelt und sich das Zwei-Wege-Modell mittelfristig in allen 16 Ländern durchsetzen wird. KW - Zwei-Wege-Modell KW - dreigliedriges Schulsystem KW - Gesamtschule KW - integrierte Sekundarschule KW - Bildungsforschung Y1 - 2013 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-119722 SN - 0044-3247 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 455 EP - 468 PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Thesen zur Entwicklung des Bildungssystems in den nächsten 20 Jahren: Überprüfung und Fortschreibung der Thesen in „Die Deutsche Schule“ von 1988 JF - Die Deutsche Schule N2 - In einem Aufsatz in der Zeitschrift „Die Deutsche Schule“ habe ich in Heft 4 des Jahrgangs 1988, also vor 25 Jahren, „Thesen zur strukturellen Entwicklung des Bildungs- systems in den nächsten fünf bis zehn Jahren“ zur Diskussion gestellt. In diesem Beitrag fasse ich im ersten Teil die Thesen in ihrer Essenz zusammen, sodass die Kernaussagen zu Strukturentwicklungen deutlich werden. Es handelte sich nicht nur um feststellende Thesen, die eine Einschätzung bestehender Trends und eine Prognose künftiger Entwicklungen beabsichtigten, sondern auch um normative Aussagen mit dem Charakter von Handlungsempfehlungen an die Bildungspolitik, die eine Reaktion auf die zu erwartenden Trends vorschlugen. Im Zentrum stand das Postulat, ein „Zwei-Wege-Modell“ für das Schulsystem zu etablieren, indem neben dem Gymnasium eine Integrierte Sekundarschule aufgebaut wird. Im zweiten Teil konfrontiere ich die Thesen mit der heutigen Realität und stelle die Frage, ob die vor einem Vierteljahrhundert formulierten Trendfortschreibungen und Entwicklungsprognosen richtig waren. Im dritten Teil schreibe ich die Thesen zur strukturellen Entwicklung des Bildungssystems auf der Basis des Jahres 2013 fort. KW - Bildungspolitik KW - Schulsystem KW - Zwei-Wege-Modell KW - Gymnasium KW - Integrierte Sekundarschule Y1 - 2013 SN - 0012-0731 VL - 105 IS - 3 SP - 305 EP - 321 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Albert, Mathias A1 - Quenzel, Gudrun T1 - Youth protest in Germany? An analysis based on the results of the Shell Youth Studies JF - Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung N2 - Youth protest, sometimes accompanied by riots, in a number of European countries over the last few years repeatedly trigger the question whether similar forms of protest can be expected in the near future from young people in Germany as well. While any, often spontaneous eruption of (violent) protest, can never be predicted with certainty, we argue, based on an analysis of the last Shell Youth Studies (cf. Shell Deutschland 2002, 2006, 2010), that it is rather unlikely to happen in Germany, indeed that if anything this likelihood has decreased over recent years. We identify three explanations for the – compared to a range of other European countries – striking acquiescence of the current young generation in Germany: 1. A range of institutions that keep young Germans in the education system until they finally find employment, 2. a strong culture of pragmatic individualism, and 3. a strong distrust of political parties. KW - Adolescent KW - Protest KW - Federal Republic of Germany KW - Research results KW - Youth research KW - Political attitude KW - Living conditions KW - Value-orientation KW - Education KW - Social background KW - Individualism KW - Pragmatics Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-391393 SN - 1862-5002 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 341 EP - 345 PB - Budrich CY - Leverkusen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Hartung, S. A1 - Kluwe, S. A1 - Sahrai, D. T1 - Gesundheitsförderung durch Elternbildung in „Settings“: Strategien zur Erreichbarkeit sozial benachteiliger Mütter und Väter JF - Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung N2 - Hintergrund Je niedriger der soziale Status von Müttern und Vätern, desto höher ist die Verbreitung von Gesundheitsstörungen und Krankheiten bei ihnen selbst und auch bei ihren Kindern. Für Strategien der Gesundheitsförderung ist es entsprechend wichtig, Eltern mit niedrigem Sozialstatus stärker als bisher einzubeziehen. Ziel Da Eltern mit den bisherigen freien Angeboten nur sehr schwer erreicht werden können, wird in diesem Beitrag analysiert, auf welchen Wegen Elternbildungsprogramme über die Settings Kindergarten, Schule und Jugend- und Familienhilfe in die Lebenswelt aller Familien verbindlich eingebunden werden können. Ergebnis Am Beispiel von drei unterschiedlichen Elternbildungsprogrammen („Lions-Quest“, „STEP“ und „U-Boot“) wird im Rahmen einer formativen Evaluation analysiert, auf welche Weise diese Einbindung gelingen kann. Am Beispiel des STEP-Elterntrainings wird nachgewiesen, dass durch ein in die Settings eingebettetes Angebot mehr Mütter und Väter aus sozial benachteiligten Familien erreicht werden können als mit einem nicht institutionell verankerten Angebot. KW - Elternbildung KW - Gesundheitsbildung KW - Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung KW - Gebundene Gesundheitsförderung KW - Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11553-013-0402-5 SN - 1861-6755 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 267 EP - 275 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostka, Genia A1 - Moslener, U. A1 - Andreas, J. T1 - Barriers to increasing energy efficiency: Evidence from small- and medium-sized enterprises in China JF - Journal of Cleaner Production N2 - This paper analyzes financial, informational and organizational barriers to energy efficiency investments for small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. Its findings are based on a survey of 480 SMEs in Zhejiang province, and complemented by semi-structured interviews with enterprises contained in the survey sample. Responses reveal that only a minority of SMEs in China actively perform energy saving activities at a significant level. The survey data suggest, further, that informational barriers are the core bottleneck inhibiting energy efficiency improvements in China's SME sector. Financial and organizational barriers also influence a company's energy saving activities, with interview-based evidence stronger than statistical evidence. The interviews point out three additional barriers to energy saving activities: the role of family ownership structures, lax enforcement of government regulations and the absence of government support as well as a lack of skilled labor. More than 40% of enterprises in the sample declared themselves unaware of energy saving equipment or practices in their respective business area, indicating that there are high transaction costs for SMEs to gather, assess, and apply information about energy saving potentials and relevant technologies. One policy implication of the study is that the Chinese government could play a more active role in fostering the dissemination of energy-efficiency related information in the SME sector. KW - Energy efficiency KW - Small and medium-sized enterprises KW - China KW - Energy policies KW - Information access KW - Energy saving activity Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.025 SN - 0959-6526 VL - 57 SP - 59 EP - 68 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostka, Genia A1 - Hobbs, W. T1 - Embedded interests and the managerial local state: the political economy of methanol fuel-switching in China JF - Journal of Contemporary China N2 - This paper analyzes the determinants of Chinese government support for methanol automobile fuel development. At the national level, a preference for low carbon alternatives, ongoing bureaucratic restructuring, and profitability concerns of the national oil companies (NOCs) help to explain a lack of support for methanol fuel. At the local level, a short-term and localized view of industry development explains why some governments actively promote methanol fuel through local standardization, subsidies, and management of NOC opposition. The case of methanol fuel illustrates how local governments with strong, embedded interests have filled in the national-level policy vacuum on this issue. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the evolving central–local relations in China and hold lessons for alternative fuel adoption efforts underway in many parts of the world. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.734078 SN - 1067-0564 VL - 22 IS - 80 SP - 204 EP - 218 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostka, Genia A1 - Mol, Arthur P.J. T1 - Innovations and participation in China JF - Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning N2 - With its recently published 12th Five-Year Plan (FYP, 2011–2015) China's leaders have set ambitious national environmental targets and goals for developing a more sustainable economy and society. Past records, however, show that ambitious goals and regulations too often fail due to shortcomings in local implementation and civil society participation. At the sub-national level, economic, political, and social interests continue to dictate the political agenda and the participation of non-state actors remains limited. This article analyses these implementation and participation gaps and reviews recent innovations and experiments to address these gaps in local environmental politics in China. Although many ongoing experiments and new institutional arrangements can be identified, these projects and initiatives remain limited in scope and geographical spread. Further advances in policy enforcement and in opening up policy design to citizens and other non-state actors at the local level are needed in order to turn the article ambitions of the 12th FYP into reality. KW - Environmental politics KW - Chinese politics KW - Environmental governance KW - Innovation KW - Policy implementation KW - Participation Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2013.763629 SN - 1522-7200 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 16 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostka, Genia T1 - Environmental protection bureau leadership at the provincial level in China: Examining diverging career backgrounds and appointment patterns JF - Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning N2 - This paper analyses the career backgrounds of local government officials in provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) in China and explains the appointment patterns of Chinese EPB bureaucrats. Using biographical information of provincial EPB heads and drawing on fieldwork conducted in Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia, this paper finds that only one-fourth of the provincial EPB heads were promoted through the bureau ranks within the EPBs, while the remaining three-fourths were appointed from positions outside the environment field. Further, nearly all EPB heads' professional backgrounds and associated networks can be clearly categorized as environmental, business, provincial government, or local government oriented. This paper delineates these four types of Chinese EPB leaders and explains why an awareness of the different professional orientations is critical to understanding environmental regulation and protection in China. These findings have implications for inferring the unique characteristics of a province's EPB leadership, the implementation capacities of provincial EPBs, and the appointment preferences of provincial leaders. KW - Agency KW - Environmental protection KW - Policy implementation KW - Networks KW - Leadership KW - China Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2012.752184 SN - 1522-7200 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 63 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostka, Genia A1 - Shin, Kyoung T1 - Energy conservation through energy service companies JF - Energy Policy Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.10.034 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 52 SP - 748 EP - 759 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gandrud, Christopher T1 - Competing risks and deposit insurance governance convergence JF - International Political Science Review N2 - Why do policies often seem to converge across countries at the same time? This question has been studied extensively in the diffusion literature. However, past research has not examined complex choice environments, especially where there are many alternatives. This article fills this gap in the literature. I show how Fine and Gray’s Competing Risks Event History Analysis can be used to tease apart the causes of policy convergence. I apply the method to an examination of the reasons why, from the mid-1990s to 2007, many countries created independent deposit insurers. I find an interaction between international recommendations and regional peers’ choices, particularly in the European Union. However, convergence appears to slow under the particular conditions of a banking crisis, regardless of how well independence is promoted. Possibly due to electoral incentives, democracies seem to have been more likely to create independent insurers. Ultimately, I demonstrate how competing risks analysis can help enable future research on policy choices, complementing methods previously applied in political economy. KW - Deposit insurance KW - Event history analysis KW - Financial policy KW - Diffusion KW - Banking crisis Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512113485333 SN - 1460373X VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 195 EP - 215 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles [u.a.] ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Kostka, Genia A1 - Mol, A. T1 - Local environmental politics in China: Challenges and innovations Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0415723299 PB - Routledge CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eaton, Sarah A1 - Kostka, Genia T1 - Does cadre turnover help or hinder China's green rise?: Evidence from Shanxi province T2 - Chinese environmental policy: Dynamics, challenges, and prospects in a changing society Y1 - 2013 SN - 9781137350688 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Regulatory Impact Assessment: Ambition, Design and Politics T2 - Handbook on the Politics of Regulation Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0857937599 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936110.00045 SP - 397 EP - 410 PB - Elgar Publ. CY - Cheltenham [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - System LCOE: What are the costs of variable renewables? JF - Energy N2 - Levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) are a common metric for comparing power generating technologies. However, there is criticism particularly towards evaluating variable renewables like wind and solar PV power based on LCOE because it ignores variability and integration costs. We propose a new metric System LCOE that accounts for integration and generation costs. For this purpose we develop a new mathematical definition of integration costs that directly relates to economic theory. As a result System LCOE allow the economic comparison of generating technologies and deriving optimal quantities in particular for VRE. To demonstrate the new concept we quantify System LCOE from a simple power system model and literature values. We find that at high wind shares integration costs can be in the same range as generation costs of wind power and conventional plants in particular due to a cost component “profile costs” captured by the new definition. Integration costs increase with growing wind shares and might become an economic barrier to deploying VRE at high shares. System LCOE help understanding and resolving the challenge of integrating VRE and can guide research and policy makers in realizing a cost-efficient transformation towards an energy system with potentially high shares of variable renewables. KW - Renewable energy KW - Integration costs KW - Levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) KW - Power generation economics KW - Market integration Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22942 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.072 SN - 0360-5442 VL - 63 SP - 61 EP - 75 PB - Elsevier Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Schlömer, Steffen A1 - Schmid, Eva A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko T1 - On the Economics of Renewable Energy Sources JF - Energy Economics N2 - With the global expansion of renewable energy (RE) technologies, the provision of optimal RE policy packages becomes an important task. We review pivotal aspects regarding the economics of renewables that are relevant to the design of an optimal RE policy, many of which are to date unresolved. We do so from three interrelated perspectives that a meaningful public policy framework for inquiry must take into account. First, we explore different social objectives justifying the deployment of RE technologies, including potential co-benefits of RE deployment, and review modelbased estimates of the economic potential of RE technologies, i.e. their socially optimal deployment level. Second, we address pivotal market failures that arise in the course of implementing the economic potential of RE sources in decentralized markets. Third, we discuss multiple policy instruments curing these market failures. Our framework reveals the requirements for an assessment of the relevant options for real-world decision makers in the field of RE policies. This review makes it clear that there are remaining white areas on the knowledge map concerning consistent and socially optimal RE policies. KW - Energy KW - Mitigation KW - Integrated assessment modeling KW - Variable renewables KW - Electricity market design KW - Renewable policy Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22965 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.015 SN - 0140-9883 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Energy Economics. The final authenticated version is available online at: DOI 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.015 VL - 40 IS - S1 SP - S12 EP - S23 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lepenies, Robert F. T1 - Losers in Trade: Economics and Normative Justifications N2 - Should there be free trade? This question finds different, and often contradicting answers in philosophy and economics. Among economists, there is a remarkable consensus that free markets are desirable. It is this curious consensus that motivates this study. This dissertations aims to explain, reconstruct and contest the neoclassical vision in mainstream trade theory. It is argued that economic justifications for free trade policies rely on an array of implicit and explicit normative premises,and that economists take positions on topics that are usually dealt with by political philosophers. Taken together, these premises and positions amount to what will be called the neoclassical vision. It is argued that throughout the history of economics, economic doctrines were inescapably normative. Tracing the intellectual and historical origins of this neoclassical vision, it is shown how a specific view of what justice demands in the economy came to be constitutive of today’s economic arguments. I hence attempt to treat economics today as it has historically been: as a branch of political philosophy, and as inextricably normative. Normative trade theory and the theoretical arguments put forward by international economists will serve as the case study on which basis the neoclassical vision is reconstructed. In turn, the vision will be critically assessed from a liberal egalitarian perspective. Particular attention will be paid to the question of the role of politics in how losers from economic activity are treated. Following this critical analysis, I argue for the need of a normative ‘countervision’that is most convincingly provided by John Rawls’s early work. It will then be outlined how Rawls could respond and overcome the pitfalls of the neoclassical vision – even though Rawls is deeply influenced by conventional economic thought himself. (...) T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 01/2013 Y1 - 2013 N1 - Shelf mark: 2015D001 + 2015D002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko T1 - Redistribution Effects of Energy and Climate Policy: The Electricity Market JF - Energy Policy N2 - Energy and climate policies are usually seen as measures to internalize externalities. However, as a side effect, the introduction of these policies redistributes wealth between consumers and producers, and within these groups. While redistribution is seldom the focus of the academic literature in energy economics, it plays a central role in public debates and policy decisions. This paper compares the distributional effects of two major electricity policies: support schemes for renewable energy sources, and CO2 pricing. We find that the redistribution effects of both policies are large, and they work in opposed directions. While renewables support transfers wealth from producers to consumers, carbon pricing does the opposite. More specifically, we show that moderate amounts of wind subsidies can increase consumer surplus, even if consumers bear the subsidy costs. CO2 pricing, in contrast, increases aggregated producer surplus, even without free allocation of emission allowances; however, not all types of producers benefit. These findings are derived from an analytical model of electricity markets, and a calibrated numerical model of Northwestern Europe. Our findings imply that if policy makers want to avoid large redistribution they might prefer a mix of policies, even if CO2 pricing alone is the first-best climate policy in terms of allocative efficiency. KW - Carbon tax KW - Emission trading KW - Redistribution KW - Consumer surplus KW - Producer surplus KW - Wind power generation KW - Electricity market modeling Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22886 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.055 SN - 0301-4215 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Energy Policy. The final authenticated version is available online at: DOI 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.055 VL - 62 SP - 934 EP - 947 PB - Elsevier Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion T1 - The market value of variable renewables: The effect of solar wind power variability on their relative price JF - Energy Economics N2 - This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the market value of variable renewable energy (VRE). The inherent variability of wind speeds and solar radiation affects the price that VRE generators receive on the market (market value). During windy and sunny times the additional electricity supply reduces the prices. Because the drop is larger with more installed capacity, the market value of VRE falls with higher penetration rate. This study aims to develop a better understanding on how the market value with penetration, and how policies and prices affect the market value. Quantitative evidence is derived from a review of published studies, regression analysis of market data, and the calibrated model of the European electricity market EMMA. We find the value of wind power to fall from 110% of the average power price to 50–80% as wind penetration increases from zero to 30% of total electricity consumption. For solar power, similarly low value levels are reached already at 15% penetration. Hence, competitive large-scale renewable deployment will be more difficult to accomplish than as many anticipate. KW - Variable renewables KW - Wind and Solar power KW - Market integration of renewables KW - Electricity markets KW - Intermittency KW - Cost-benefit analysis Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22900 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.02.004 SN - 0140-9883 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Energy Economics. The final authenticated version is available online at the DOI 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.02.004. VL - 38 SP - 218 EP - 236 PB - Elsevier B.V. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Koch, Anne A1 - Bruch, Nicola T1 - The social legitimacy of Human Rights Courts: a grounded interpretivist analysis of the European Court of Human Rights JF - Human Rights Quarterly N2 - This article offers an empirically grounded interpretivist theory of the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights based on domestic judicial and political elite accounts of the legitimacy of the Court in Turkey, Bulgaria, United Kingdom, Ireland and Germany. The central argument of the article is that the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is based on a constant comparison between the values and goals of domestic institutions and the values and goals of the European Court of Human Rights. More specifically, the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is grounded in the logic of a fair compromise: What actors think they lose by according legitimacy to the European Court of Human Rights must be balanced by what they perceive to gain in return. Three factors organise how actors in different domestic settings struck a fair compromise in their domestic contexts: a) perception of domestic human rights conditions, b) commitment to cosmopolitan ideals of human rights and international law and c) commitment to domestic institutions. KW - European Court of Human Rights KW - legitimacy KW - elite opinion KW - interpretivism Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2013.0057 SN - 1085-794X VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 955 EP - 984 PB - The Johns Hopkins University Press ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Lupu, Raluca T1 - Citigroup: Targeting leadership in global growth KW - Corporate Strategy KW - Estados Unidos, México Y1 - 2013 UR - http://protectedpdf.iese.edu/descargas/DG-1439-E-1725903.pdf PB - IESE Business School CY - Barcelona ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Ziegenhagen, Inka T1 - Wind, Sonne, und Regelleistung BT - Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt JF - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.neon-energie.de/Hirth-Ziegenhagen-2013-Wind-Sonne-Regelleistung.pdf SN - 0013-743X - 0720-6240 IS - 10 SP - 59 PB - EW Medien und Kongresse GmbH CY - Frankfurt am Main ET - 13 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko ED - Stolten, Detlef ED - Scherer, Viktor T1 - The Decreasing Market Value of Variable Renewables: Integration Options and Deadlocks T2 - Transition to Renewable Energy Systems KW - variable renewables KW - market value KW - integration costs Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3527332397 SN - 9783527673872 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527673872.ch6 SP - 75 EP - 92 PB - Wiley VCH CY - Oxford ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Graf, Lukas T1 - The Hybridization of Vocational Training and Higher Education in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland N2 - Austria, Germany, and Switzerland are increasingly relying on hybridization at the nexus of vocational training and higher education to increase permeability and reform their highly praised systems of collective skill formation. This historical and organizational institutionalist study compares these countries to trace the evolution of their skill regimes from the 1960s to today‘s era of Europeanization, focusing especially on the impact of the Bologna and Copenhagen processes. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-24323 SN - 978-3-86388-043-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/86388043 PB - Budrich UniPress Ltd. CY - Opladen, Berlin & Toronto ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Dong, Lisheng ED - Wang, Zhengxu ED - Dekker, Henk T1 - Media Influence on Ethnocentrism Towards Europeans T2 - Chinese Views of the EU: Public Support for a Strong Relation Y1 - 2013 SN - 9781136753244 N1 - Chapter 10 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - Føllesdal, Andreas ED - Schaffer, Johan Karlsson ED - Ulfstein, Geir T1 - The legitimacy of international interpretive authorities for human rights treaties: an indirect-instrumentalist defence T2 - The Legitimacy of International Human Rights Regimes: Legal, Political and Philosophical Perspectives Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-1-107-03460-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139540827.006 SP - 141 EP - 164 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean T1 - Le Réveil des Démons: la crise de l’euro et comment nous en sortir N2 - On croyait les démons assagis : à la faveur de la crise financière de 2008, les Etats avaient repris le dessus sur les marchés financiers et les politiques économiques savaient répondre et conjurer la dépression. Mais la tempête qui a ébranlé la zone euro entre 2009 et 2012, au départ crise banale dans une petite économie périphérique, la Grèce, a gagné un pays après l’autre et a menacé d’emporter tout l’édifice monétaire européen. Dans ce brillant essai, Jean Pisani-Ferry retrace les étapes de la crise et analyse les solutions adoptées. Si l’Europe a fait preuve d’un remarquable sens de la survie, elle souffre aujourd’hui d’une dangereuse absence de communauté de projets. Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-2818503126 PB - Pluriel CY - Paris ET - Nouvelle éd., revue et augmentée ER - TY - THES A1 - Staemmler, Johannes T1 - Wie Städte sich neu finden BT - Chancen und Grenzen von Governance mit Zivilgesellschaft in struktur-schwachen Städten N2 - In Städten verdichten sich wie nirgendwo sonst ökonomische, soziale und kulturelle Facetten menschlichen Zusammenlebens. Hier entstehen wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Impulse. 84 Prozent der deutschen Bevölkerung lebt in Städten. Doch sind nicht alle Städte gleichermaßen Orte von Wachstum und Innovation. Mit dem Ende der Industrialisierung und dem Übergang in die Dienstleistungsgesellschaft (vgl. Bell 1999) sind einige Städte aus dem größeren Arbeits-kreislauf der Gesellschaft herausgefallen. Sie haben aufgehört, zentrale Orte des Wirtschaftens zu sein. Ihre Bevölkerungen schrumpfen, Gebäude bleiben ungenutzt und die öffentliche Hand verfügt nur über unzureichende und schwindende Mittel, dem entgegenzuwirken. Es sind strukturschwache Städte. Kommunale Schrumpfungsprozesse sind aus dem 20. Jahrhundert kaum bekannt, obwohl zwei Kriege in Deutschland tobten und unvorstellbare Verwüstungen hinterlassen haben. (...) T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 02/2013 KW - Germany KW - Municipal/local policy KW - Structural economic change KW - Comparative analysis Y1 - 2013 N1 - Shelf mark: 2013D001 + 2013D001+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cederman, Lars-Erik A1 - Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede A1 - Salehyan, Idean A1 - Wucherpfennig, Julian T1 - Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War JF - Inernational Organization N2 - A series of studies has shown that civil wars are caused not only by factors inside countries, but also by effects operating across state borders. Whereas a first wave of quantitative studies demonstrated that such effects make the “closed-polity” assumption untenable, more recently researchers have identified particular causal mechanisms driving conflict. Despite these recent advances, a central puzzle remains unresolved, namely why ethnic groups that at least in theory could count on support from large transborder ethnic kin (TEK) groups often have remained surprisingly peaceful, such as the stranded Russian populations in the “near abroad.” We propose a theoretical framework that extends the analysis from the primary dyad between the incumbent and the challenger group by adding a secondary dyad that pits the incumbent against the TEK group. We postulate a curvilinear effect of the TEK group's relative size on conflict onset. Using a new data set on transnational ethnic links, we find that that the risk of conflict increases within the middle range of the size spectrum, consistent with our main hypothesis. This means that large TEK groups have a conflict-dampening effect, provided that they control their own state. Excluded TEK groups, however, are not associated with lower conflict probabilities. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000064 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 389 EP - 410 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Innovation and Scale: A Tough Balancing Act JF - Stanford Social Innovation Review KW - Social Innovation KW - Scaling KW - Organizational Innovation Y1 - 2013 VL - Spring 2013 IS - Special Supplement: Innovation for a Complex World SP - 12 EP - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fellner, Gerlinde A1 - Sausgruber, Rupert A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Testing Enforcement Strategies in the Field: Threat, Moral Appeal and Social Information JF - Journal of the European Economic Association N2 - We run a large-scale natural field experiment to evaluate alternative strategies to enforce compliance with the law. The experiment varies the text of mailings sent to potential evaders of TV license fees. We find a strong effect of mailings, leading to a substantial increase in compliance. Among different mailings, a threat treatment which makes a high detection risk salient has a significant deterrent effect. Neither appealing to morals nor imparting information about others’ behavior enhances compliance on aggregate. However, the information condition has a weak positive effect in municipalities where evasion is believed to be common. KW - field experiments KW - enforcement strategies KW - compliance KW - perceptions Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-19704 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12013| N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Journal of the European Economic Association. The final authenticated version is available online at: DOI 10.1111/jeea.12013| VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 634 EP - 660 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glöckner, Andreas A1 - Towfigh, Emanuel A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Development of legal expertise JF - Instructional Science N2 - In a comprehensive empirical investigation (N = 71,405) we analyzed the development of legal expertise in a critical 1-year period of academic legal training in which advanced law students start practicing to solve complex cases. We were particularly interested in the functional form of the learning curve and inter-individual differences in learning. Performance increases monotonically with the number of practice exams following a slightly concave learning curve without any considerable kinks. Considering the performance development over time, however, the curve is not monotonic and shows intermediate drops in performance. We provide evidence which suggests that these drops are due to cyclic drops in motivation. There are about equally sized marginal effects of practicing law exams in general and practicing exams in the specific area of law. However, students with high (vs. low) initial performance profit more from practicing exams within a specific area of law whereas students with low initial performance profit more from practicing exams in general. The concave increase in performance with the number of practicing exams is mainly driven by individuals with low initial performance. Those with high initial performance mainly display a linear learning trend. We discuss the practical implications of these findings for academic legal training. KW - Expertise KW - Legal decision making KW - Training KW - Learning curves Y1 - 2013 VL - 41 IS - 6 SP - 989 EP - 1007 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Bratu, Roxana A1 - Charron, Nicholas A1 - Dimulescu, Valentina A1 - Doroftei, Madalina A1 - Fazekas, Mihály A1 - Kasemets, Aare A1 - King, Lawrence Peter A1 - Martinez Barranco Kukutschka, Roberto A1 - Pop, Raluca A1 - Tóth, István János ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Controlling Corruption in Europe T2 - The Anticorruption Report N2 - Corruption has an impact. It is about time that anticorruption starts having an impact, too. This is the first annual policy report of the European Seventh Framework Research Project ANTICORRP, which has started in 2012 and will continue until 2018. Based on the work of 21 different research centers and universities gathering original data, ANTICORRP offers yearly updates on the latest from corruption research, analyzing both the consequences of corruption and the impact of policies attempting to curb it. This first report offers a methodology to evaluate corruption risk and quality of government at country, region and sector level by means of corruption indicators that are sensitive to change and policy intervention. The aim of the project is to offer testable, easy to handle policies which reduce corruption risk. Corruption distorts market competition, bolsters deficits on behalf of discretionary spending, hurts real investment in public health and education, reduces tax collection, detriments the absorption rate of EU funds, and generates vulnerable employment and brain drain. This study estimates that if EU member states would all manage to control corruption at the Danish level, tax collection in Europe would increase by 323 billion Euro per year – double of the EU budget for 2013. KW - Anticorruption, European Union, transformative power Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-8474-0125-4 VL - 1 PB - Budrich CY - Opladen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hall, Nina T1 - Moving beyond its mandate? UNHCR and climate change displacement JF - Journal for International Organizations Studies Y1 - 2013 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 91 EP - 108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tobias, Jutta M. A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Barbosa-Leiker, Celestina T1 - Toward a theory of transformative entrepreneuring: Poverty reduction and conflict resolution in Rwanda's entrepreneurial coffee sector JF - Journal of Business Venturing N2 - This study illustrates how entrepreneurship may catalyze prosperity as well as peace in entrenched poverty–conflict zones. We bring to life a conceptualization of transformative entrepreneuring by assessing interrelationships between poverty and conflict indicators from the perspective of rural dwellers in Rwanda's entrepreneurial coffee sector. Our findings suggest that individuals' perceptions of poverty alleviation and conflict reduction are sequentially linked, notably via increased quality of life. This enables us to advance theory on entrepreneuring by unpacking the mechanisms through which entrepreneurial processes may transform the lives of such ‘ordinary’ entrepreneurs in settings where economic and social value creation are desperately needed. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Entrepreneuring KW - Poverty KW - Conflict KW - Rwanda Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.03.003 VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 728 EP - 742 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Lorentz, Bernhard T1 - The Atmosphere as a Global Commons T2 - The Wealth of the Commons. A World beyond Market and State Y1 - 2013 PB - Levellers Press ER - TY - THES A1 - Scheuermann, Ann-Kathrin T1 - Barriers to Equity in Education: An Exploratory Case Study on Nepal N2 - Education is widely believed to be a key to the development of individuals and society. However, it is also clear that core global political commitments aiming at universality as included in the Millenium Development Goals and the right to education can only be achieved if policy efforts start addressing systematically disadvantaged parts of society. This is the topic of the present paper on sociodemographic barriers to equity in education in Nepal. So far, many policy efforts to enhance educational opportunities are based on a one dimensional assessments of the most disadvantage population groups. They assume, for instance, that girls are generally more disadvantaged than boys or that people living in rural areas are more disadvantaged than those living in urban areas. In her paper, Ann-Kathrin Scheuermann goes further and explore s which combinations of sociodemographic attributes impede equity in education in Nepal in terms of access to education and attainment. She is able to use unique data, the Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010/11 compiled by the World Bank and the Nepalese Central Bureau of Statistics as well as qualitative participatory assessments in the field. She finds that the most influential attributes established in the literature – wealth, geography and gender – do matter, but that culture specific group characteristics are at least as relevant. Poverty remains a major barrier to equity in education. The effect of geography is two dimensional, impeding equity in both rural and urban areas, but for different reasons. In rural areas disadvantages are related to infrastructural aspects, e.g. distance to the nearest school, whereas in urban areas income generation alternatives impede educational opportunities. Gender differences have decreased with regard to access over time, but girls remain disadvantaged when it comes to higher attainment. When looking at inequity regarding geography, gender and wealth jointly, poor boys (not girls!) in urban are among the most disadvantaged. These finding s have great policy -¬‐ relevance. In order to reach the most marginalized population groups policy analysis must go beyond a one dimensional analysis of attributes but look at them in combination. Moreover, socio -¬‐ cultural barriers related to caste, religion and disability can be highly impeding factors which need to be addressed explicitly when designing policies in Nepal. More generally, policies can be tailored more effectively by identifying the most marginalized population groups in order to improve their educational opportunities and achieve universal political commitments and true equity in education. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 06/2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20468 PB - Hertie School of Governance CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Stamm, Julia T1 - Towards New Horizons in EU Research Policy : The changing role of the Directorate ‐ General for Research (and Innovation) N2 - My EMPM Master thesis focuses on changing governance structures in European research policy and the role the European Commission is playing in this context. In particular, it aims at investigating whether we currently witness the transition of the European Commission’s Directorate ‐ General for Research (and Innovation) into a European research ministry. In order to lay the ground for finding answers to this question, I first introduce the history of Community activities in the area of research and discuss the development of power relations between the different European players in the area. The concept of ”agencification” and its consequences for the work, status and self ‐ perception of the European Commission is looked at in particular depth. In the following analytical chapter I argue that this paradigm shift is indeed taking place and that, among others elements, the new position of research as ”shared competence” after the Lisbon Treaty, the relatively recent creation of two executive research agencies and strong leadership embodied in the person of the Commissioner for Research and Innovation have contributed decisively to the development. The thesis is based on the analysis of both relevant literature and theory as well as on semi ‐ structured interviews that I carried out with relevant stakeholders in Brussels, both from the European institutions and from concerned institutions, organizations, and associations, hence providing a sound mix of theoretical approaches and practical reflections. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 07/2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20478 PB - Hertie School of Governance CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Birk, Florian A1 - Joas, Amani A1 - Rinnert, David A1 - Schilling, John T1 - Framing Service Quality : A Comprehensive Indicator for Measuring Service Quality in Public Administration : Case Study ofBürgerämter in Berlin N2 - This paper introduces an indicator framework, which allows for a valid and reliable assessment of the service quality of customer-focused government services. While defining service quality is a difficult task, also operationalising and measuring such an elusive concept can never be done perfectly due to a number of problems. Given the ‘soft’ nature of service quality, most prior research has focused on survey-based methods, which while being essential have serious flaws owed to this method’s inherent lack of reliability. Following suggestions by prior research in the field, this paper develops an assessment framework combining a ‘soft’ indicator based on a SERVQUAL survey with a set of ‘hard’ variables adding the reliability, which previous approaches lack. The indicator was initially developed, tested and re-adjusted for measuring service quality in Berlin’s 40 Bürgerämter. However, it can be adapted in a way that it is applicable to most customer-based government services. The ‘soft’ part of this indicator was developed on the lines of five dimensions, scoring services according to their tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. On the ‘hard’ dimension, we have picked a set of eleven variables, which unequivocally add/subtract from service quality, while having the advantage of being measured in a straightforward manner. While the operationalisation and weighting of these variables is open to academic and professional debate, we are confident to have followed a transparent and clearly comprehensible process. We acknowledge, however, that these variables will have to be adjusted when other services are being measured. All in all, the developed Service Quality Indicator for Customer-Based Public Services (SQI) should be regarded as a starting point for a comprehensive and easily constructible framework to assess service quality in the good governance arena. We hope that this indicator framework will be perfected to the point that it can contribute to a better overall measurement and therefore improvement of government services. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 02/2012 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20506 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Almeida, Karin A1 - Azevedo, Simone A1 - Azzaoui, Nora A1 - Bianchis, Jeymar A1 - Boos, Inga-Lena A1 - Carlucci, Janetta A1 - Klein, Viviana A1 - Kohut, Ola A1 - Kowalski, Julia A1 - Kuhn, Jonas A1 - Leitsch, Christoph A1 - Olenga-Tete, Paulina A1 - Ross, Patrick A1 - Tiefenbach, Catherin A1 - Watkinson, Jay A1 - Wodarg, Frithjof T1 - CSR Instruments: A Systematic Overview Evaluation for the German CSR Forum and Bertelsmann Foundation N2 - This study was conceived in the context of a project course on CSR instruments and modelled on a real case. The German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS) had tendered a report that would provide an overview of the existing classification tools used to evaluate CSR performance. The report is part of the National Strategy on Corporate Social Responsibility, the CSR action plan of the German government. The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is the lead ministry responsible for implementing the National Strategy for Corporate Social Responsibility. The Action Plan for CSR was decided by the federal cabinet on October 6th, 2010. According to the Action Plan, CSR measures include a company’s contributions to voluntarily participate and include social responsibility into their business plan. The inclusion of a company’s key stakeholders is an integral part of CSR. The goal was not only to provide an overview of the principle and international agreements but also to classify existing instruments from different stakeholders’ perspectives. For this, students analysed 58 CSR instruments for which they developed a diverse set of evaluation criteria. Moreover, they tested their assumptions about key stakeholders’ interests in a small workshop interviewing representatives of trade unions, chambers of commerce, consumer groups as well NGOs. The result is a very impressive piece of work as it presents new insight in a largely under-researched field. The report was presented to the working group on evaluation of the federal CSR forum in Berlin on June 6th, 2012 where it received a lot of praise by the participants. I hope it will be used in the professional world. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 01/2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20418 UR - https://www.hertie-school.org/fileadmin/images/Downloads/Hertie_School_Student_Paper_Series/2013_HSSPS_01.pdf ER - TY - THES A1 - Alfinito Vieira, Ana Carolina T1 - Global forests, local development? An Assessment of REDD Readiness in Latin America N2 - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is often portrayed as a policy that will mitigate climate change whilst fostering social and environmental improvements in the most isolated and under-developed regions of the world. Our work sets out to assess this cl aim by evaluating whether REDD is effectively designed as an instrument that is suitable for generating local development in forest regions. After revealing the underlying governance rationale through which REDD is expected to generate positive outcomes on the global and local levels, we develop a framework to assess whether the REDD strategies developed through the FCPF and the UN-REDD Readiness initiatives are putting in place the policy environment that is necessary for REDD to function as a development mechanism. Through the comparative analysis of six national Readiness strategies from the Latin American region, we reveal that policies designed under Readiness systematically pay more attention to the development of baseline emissions scenarios and MRV systems than to the establishment of the policy conditions that must be in place for REDD to generate local development. Our analysis suggests that a number of policy design elements might be resulting in the failure of national REDD strategies to address underlying governance problems. The phased approach to Readiness creates incentives for governments to rush through the institutional reform stages, and REDD’s current design only rewards quantifiable GHG emissions reductions, providing few incentives for countries to invest in social and environmental improvements. Furthermore, the reliance on carbon market finance and the operational structure of the FCPF may also result in overinvestments in MRV systems to the detriment of more complex institutional reforms. We conclude by presenting a set of recommendations for reforming the underlying governance logic of REDD in order to enhance its potential as a local development mechanism. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 02/2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20420 PB - Hertie School of Governance CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Kreibich, Lisa-Marie T1 - Improving Inter-Agency Collaboration in International Development Analysis of conditions under which to enter into, develop and sustain successful partnerships N2 - Development aid is underperforming in terms of effectiveness due to donor diversification, proliferation and fragmentation. The re quest for more harmonized and collectively effective actions formulated in the High-Leve l Fora on aid effectiveness have gained sup- port across donor and recipient countries. However, commitment has not been successfully translated into significant changes on the ground. This gap between policy and country level practices needs to be addressed to make development assistance more effective. A first formal partnership of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and Lux-Development (LuxDev) has been established in the sector of technical vocational education and training. To assess this partnership and to identify areas for improvement, the study addresses the following research question: Under which conditions do implementing agencies in international development cooperation enter into, develop and sustain inter-organizational collaboration? The dimensions of the collaboration process are at the center of the analysis. The study develops a theoretical framework that consists of criteria to assess collaboration efforts of the agencies in four selected countries nd identifies weaknesses in the structural, the agency, and the social capital dimension. Structural aspects include common visions, shares power arrangements and commitment of the recipient country. Shared personal opinions, alignment of procedures and information exchange helps reconciling individual and collective interests. The analysis of the social capital dimension shows that mutual interaction, reciprocity and trust-building are crucial to successfully build social relationships which form the basis of any collaboration process. A set of nine recommendations are proposed to address the shortcomings in each of the three dimensions of the collaboration process to improve the partnership of the three agencies. To address the structural blocking factors, the agencies should evaluate their collaboration efforts, create a coordinating body and speak to the recipient country’s government with one voice. To manage the tension between individual and collective interests, regular discussions with everyone involved and knowledge about the tools, procedures and implementing mechanisms of the collaboration partners are crucial. To better meet the criteria of the social capital dimension, the agencies should appoint boundary-spanners and create opportunities to learn about their collaboration partners’ culture. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 03/2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20431 PB - Hertie School of Governance CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Loh, Yuh Yiing T1 - The Politics of Targeting Regime Choice: Has Inflation Targeting Met its Demise? N2 - Critics argue that inflation targeting (IT) has met its demise in face of the current financial crisis. As such , p rice - level targeting and nominal gross domestic product (GDP) targeting have been proposed as alternatives, but to date no country has made the switch – why is this so? Existing literature tends to treat the choice of targeting regime as a function of economic theory, empirical precedents, and policy execution constraints. I find this analytical framework insufficient; otherwise, we should observe at least some countries exiting IT regimes in light of the arguments made thus far. In order to explain why governments have yet to make the switch away from IT, I propose that a fourth determinant needs to be added to the framework – politics. Based on this framework, I conclude that IT has yet to meet its demise. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 04/2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20440 ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller-Badoreck, Karin T1 - Leadership in EU civilian crisis management N2 - With the establishment of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) in 1999, the EU aimed to tackle challenges in the field of security by deploying various military, police, justice and rule of law missions in troubled crisis areas. The Lisbon Treaty put the instrument of CSDP Missions on a new height, putting it under the umbrella of the European External Action Service with the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs & Security Policy / Vice -President of the European Commission as their highest representative. CSDP Missions - while dealing with civilian crisis management in conflict and post- conflict countries - are operating in a highly political environment with demands and direction coming from the EU Member States, the EU institution s, the Host Nations and other international actors. Common values and norms applying to CSDP Missions are underdeveloped and not well communicated. Mandates are often not clearly defined. The work force is mainly seconded by the Member States and highly di verse in respect to culture, professional background and experience and language. Women are strongly underrepresented. Even though leadership is crucial in such a challenging environment, it has never been addressed within the CSDP structures until very recently. This thesis analysis the complexities of CSDP Missions and demands put on leadership in such an environment. Furthermore, it defines best practices and closes with recommendations on how the leadership culture in CSDP Missions can be improved. Results are generated by using literature analysis, interviews with key stakeholders, online questionnaires and the authors own work experience in a CSDP Mission. For CSDP Missions to become even more successful a stronger emphasis on the development of leadership culture seems appropriate. Starting from creating a leadership development strategy, defining standard guidelines and principals for recruitment and promotion of personnel, addressing the problem of gender imbalance, importance should be also put on defining a favored leadership style and common values. Future leaders should be skilled and experienced in working in a highly politicised environment leading and empowering a multi-cultural, diverse work force. With an effective leadership culture CSDP Missions will succeed in being a strong EU actor in civilian crisis management and helping to foster security and maintain peace in the world. T3 - Hertie School Student Paper Series - 05/2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20452 PB - Hertie School of Governance CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jachtenfuchs, Markus A1 - Kraft-Kasack, Christiane A1 - Herschinger, Eva ED - Zürn, Michael ED - Ecker-Ehrhardt, Matthias T1 - Transgouvernementalisierung und die ausbleibende gesellschaftliche Politisierung der inneren Sicherheit BT - umkämpfte internationale Institutionen T2 - Die Politisierung der Weltpolitik Y1 - 2013 N1 - ISBN-13: 978-3518126592 SP - 190 EP - 212 PB - Suhrkamp CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joerges, Christian A1 - Rödl, Florian T1 - À propos de l’évolution fonctionnelle du droit des conflits de lois II : une constitution légitime pour la constellation post-nationale JF - Revue Internationale de Droit Économique T2 - On the Functional Revolution of Rules of Conflict of Laws II: A Legitimate Constitution for the Post-National Constellation Y1 - 2013 VL - 27 IS - 1-2 SP - 79 EP - 93 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Novak, Stephanie T1 - The Silence of Ministers: Consensus and Blame Avoidance in the Council of the European Union JF - Journal of Common Market Studies Y1 - 2013 VL - 51 IS - 6 SP - 1091 EP - 1107 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reh, Christine A1 - Héritier, Adrienne A1 - Bressanelli, Edoardo A1 - Koop, Christel T1 - The Informal Politics of Legislation JF - Comparative Polical Studies N2 - This article investigates a widespread yet understudied trend in EU politics: the shift of legislative decision making from public inclusive to informal secluded arenas and the subsequent adoption of legislation as “early agreements.” Since its introduction in 1999, “fast-track legislation” has increased dramatically, accounting for 72% of codecision files in the Sixth European Parliament. Drawing from functionalist institutionalism, distributive bargaining theory, and sociological institutionalism, this article explains under what conditions informal decision making is likely to occur. The authors test their hypotheses on an original data set of all 797 codecision files negotiated between mid-1999 and mid-2009. Their analysis suggests that fast-track legislation is systematically related to the number of participants, legislative workload, and complexity. These findings back a functionalist argument, emphasizing the transaction costs of intraorganizational coordination and information gathering. However, redistributive and salient acts are regularly decided informally, and the Council presidency’s priorities have no significant effect on fast-track legislation. Hence, the authors cannot confirm explanations based on issue properties or actors’ privileged institutional positions. Finally, they find a strong effect for the time fast-track legislation has been used, suggesting socialization into interorganizational norms of cooperation. KW - European Parliament, fast-track legislation, informal politics, functionalist institutionalism, distributive bargaining, socialization Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011426415 SN - 0010-4140 VL - 46 IS - 9 SP - 1112 EP - 1142 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Burns, Charlotte A1 - Rasmussen, Anne A1 - Reh, Christine T1 - Legislative codecision and its impact on the political system of the European Union JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - The European Union (EU) has experienced a remarkable degree of change during its history: it legislates in an ever wider range of policy areas, and its institutions and decision-making processes have been reformed repeatedly. One of the most important institutional changes was the introduction of the codecision procedure in 1993, which empowered the European Parliament (EP) and transformed the EU system of governance. Following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon the majority of legislation is now subject to codecision under the ordinary legislative procedure. Consequently, the operation of codecision has major implications for our understanding and analysis of the EU's legislative outputs and for studies of supranational policy-making and systemic evolution more generally. This collection takes stock of 20 years of practising and studying codecision and examines the procedure's long-term implications for the EU's institutions, politics and policies. KW - Bicameralism, codecision, legitimacy, political system Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2013.795366 VL - 20 IS - 7 SP - 941 EP - 952 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Lukas T1 - Besser verzahnt: Berufs- und Hochschulbildung in Österreich und der Schweiz JF - WZBrief Bildung Y1 - 2013 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10993/5917 VL - 24 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bernhard, Nadine A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Powell, Justin J. W. ED - Soeffner, Hans-Georg T1 - Durch Europäisierung zu mehr Durchlässigkeit? Wandel im Verhältnis von Berufsbildungs- und Hochschulsystemen in Deutschland, Frankreich und Österreich T2 - Transnationale Vergesellschaftungen. Verhandlungen des 35. Kongresses der DGS N2 - [en] Die europäischen Bildungsminister beschlossen 1999 einen einheitlichen europäischen Hochschulraum zu schaffen; der so genannte Bologna Prozess wurde in Gang gesetzt. Mit der Unterzeichnung der Kopenhagener Erklärung nur drei Jahre später entschlossen sich die Nationalstaaten, auch im Bereich der beruflichen Bildung stärker zusammenzuarbeiten. Vor allem soll die nationale wie internationale Vergleichbarkeit von Bildungsabschlüssen verbessert werden. Beide Prozesse zielen darauf ab, Durchlässigkeit zwischen den organisatorischen Feldern berufliche Bildung und Hochschulbildung zu erhöhen, und zwar mit Hilfe von gemeinsam entwi- ckelten Standards wie dem Europäischen und Nationalen Qualifikationsrahmen, einem System zur Validierung und Anerkennung unterschiedlicher Lernformen, der Ermöglichung flexibler Bildungswege und der Einführung von Kreditpunkte- systemen (Powell/Solga 2008, 2010, 2011). Heute, nach einem Jahrzehnt seit Beginn dieser Prozesse stellt sich die Frage, wie diese in den europäischen Nationalstaaten bisher schon gewirkt und wie sie das Verhältnis von Hochschul- und Berufsbildung verändert haben – Veränderungen, die mit vielfältigen Implikationen für die Bildungs- und soziale Mobilität einherge- hen können (Bernhard/Powell/Graf 2010): Die Frage nach Durchlässigkeit zwi- schen beruflicher und Hochschulbildung ist dabei insbesondere deswegen wichtig, da stratifizierte (Aus-)Bildungssysteme ohne Brücken zwischen einzelnen Bildungs- sektoren den möglichst gleichen Zugang zu Bildungs- und Beschäftigungsopportu- nitäten behindern. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10993/5479 SN - 978-3-531-18971-0 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bernhard, Nadine A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Powell, Justin J. W. ED - Amos, Karin ED - Schmid, Josef ED - Schrader, Josef ED - Thiel, Ansgar T1 - Auswirkungen des neuen europäischen Bildungsmodells auf die Verknüpfung zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung in Deutschland, Österreich und Frankreich T2 - Europäischer Bildungsraum. Europäisierungsprozesse in Bildungspolitik und Bildungspraxis KW - vocational training ; higher education ; Europe ; Germany ; France ; Austria ; Europeanization ; Bologna process ; Copenhagen process Y1 - 2013 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10993/11423 SN - 978-3-8487-0841-3 SP - 175 EP - 192 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ebner, Christian A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Nikolai, Rita ED - Michael, Windzio T1 - New Institutional Linkages between Dual Vocational Training and Higher Education - A Comparative Analysis of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland T2 - Integration and Inequality in Education Institutions N2 - Germany, Austria, and Switzerland have traditionally provided a large proportion of their workforces with qualifications obtained in the dual vocational training system. However, due to the growing demand for abstract and codified knowledge, all three countries aim at increasing the permeability and individual mobility between the dual training sector and the higher education system. In this chapter we analyse the ways in which Germany, Austria and Switzerland have tried to establish institutional linkages between dual vocational training and higher education. We begin by discussing options for creating such linkages: (1.) upgrading of vocational education and training courses, (2.) introducing dual courses of study, (3.) facilitating attendance of general upper secondary schools for people with vocational qualifications, (4.) enabling the parallel acquisition of a dual vocational training qualification and a higher education entrance qualification, (5.) allowing admission to higher education on the basis of prior dual vocational training qualifications and a certain amount of work experience, and (6.) recognising prior learning as an element in higher education programmes. Our analysis shows that, recently, Germany has relied strongly on the admission to higher education based on vocational training certificates in combination with work experience. Switzerland and Austria are rather pushing the comprehensive introduction of programmes that enable the parallel acquisition of a dual vocational training qualification and a higher education entrance qualification. Finally, we raise questions about the risk of institutional ambiguity and institutional task overload KW - Dual vocational training, Higher education, Permeability, Institutional change Y1 - 2013 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6119-3_14 SN - 978-94-007-6118-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6119-3_14 SP - 281 EP - 298 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Solga, Heike A1 - Brzinsky-Fay, Christian A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Gresch, Cornelia A1 - Protsch, Paula T1 - Vergleiche innerhalb von Gruppen und institutionelle Gelingensbedingungen. Vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Ungleichheitsforschung T2 - WZB Discussion Paper, No. SP I 2013-501 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/71288/1/737571047.pdf ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Graf, Lukas ED - Solga, Heike ED - Brzinsky-Fay, Christian ED - Graf, Lukas ED - Gresch, Cornelia ED - Protsch, Paula T1 - Duale Studiengänge als "unerwartete" Form der institutionellen Durchlässigkeit zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung in Deutschland T2 - Vergleiche innerhalb von Gruppen und institutionelle Gelingensbedingungen. Vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Ungleichheitsforschung T2 - WZB Discussion Paper, SP I 2013–501, Februar 2013 Y1 - 2013 UR - https://bibliothek.wzb.eu/pdf/2013/i13-501.pdf SP - 40 EP - 41 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rasmussen, Anne A1 - Reh, Christine T1 - The consequences of concluding codecision early: trilogues and intra-institutional bargaining success JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - One of the most important changes in the history of codecision has been the steep increase in early agreements since 1999. Early agreements have enhanced the efficiency of European Union legislation, but they have been criticized for giving a subset of actors disproportionate control over the legislative agenda and negotiation process. Yet, no study has systematically shown whether and how early agreements have indeed redistributed influence between actors within the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. Our contribution fills this gap by comparing actors’ bargaining success across readings under codecision in a dataset of salient files. Contrary to our theoretical predictions, we do not find evidence of distributional consequences when controlling for inter-institutional conflict and file characteristics. Where codecision is concluded early, the final legislative outcomes are not located closer to the policy positions held by the party group of the Parliament's rapporteur or by the Council Presidency. KW - Bargaining success, codecision, early agreements, party groups, presidency, rapporteur Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2013.795391 SN - 0143-814 VL - 20 IS - 7 SP - 1006 EP - 1023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel A1 - Dawes, Christopher T. A1 - Christakis, Nicholas A. A1 - Fowler, James H. T1 - Born to Lead? A Twin Design and Genetic Association Study of Leadership Role Occupancy JF - The Leadership Quarterly N2 - We address leadership emergence and the possibility that there is a partially innate predisposition to occupy a leadership role. Employing twin design methods on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate the heritability of leadership role occupancy at 24%. Twin studies do not point to specific genes or neurological processes that might be involved. We therefore also conduct association analysis on the available genetic markers. The results show that leadership role occupancy is associated with rs4950, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) residing on a neuronal acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNB3). We replicate this family-based genetic association result on an independent sample in the Framingham Heart Study. This is the first study to identify a specific genotype associated with the tendency to occupy a leadership position. The results suggest that what determines whether an individual occupies a leadership position is the complex product of genetic and environmental influences, with a particular role for rs4950. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.08.001 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 60 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baturo, Alexander A1 - Jankin, Slava T1 - Life of Brian Revisited: Assessing Informational and Non-Informational Leadership Tools JF - Political Science Research and Methods N2 - Recent literature models leadership as a process of communication in which leaders’ rhetorical signals facilitate followers’ co-ordination. While some studies have explored the effects of leadership in experimental settings, there remains a lack of empirical research on the effectiveness of informational tools in real political environments. Using quantitative text analysis of federal and sub-national legislative addresses in Russia, this article empirically demonstrates that followers react to informational signals from leaders. It further theorizes that leaders use a combination of informational and non-informational tools to solve the co-ordination problem. The findings show that a mixture of informational and non- informational tools shapes followers’ strategic calculi. Ignoring non-informational tools — and particularly the interrelationship between informational and non-informational tools - can threaten the internal validity of causal inference in the analysis of leadership effects on co-ordination. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.3 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 139 EP - 157 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China KW - China KW - Authoritarianism KW - Media KW - Commercialization Y1 - 2013 UR - 9781107018440 SN - 9781107469624 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Cingolani, Luciana T1 - The State of State Capacity: a review of concepts, evidence and measures T2 - MERIT Working Papers N2 - This working paper is part of the research programme on Institutions, Governance and Longterm Economic Growth, a partnership between the French Development Agency AFD and the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance Maastricht University UNUMerit. The research builds on the Institutional Profiles Database IPD, jointly developed by AFD and the French Ministry of the Economy since 2001.What is state capacity and how does it affect development The concept of state capacity acquired centrality during the late seventies and eighties, sponsored by a rather compact set of scholarly works. It later permeated through several disciplines and has now earned a place within the many governance dimensions affecting economic performance. The present article aims to provide a historical account of the evolution and usage of the state capacity concept, along with its various operationalizations. It examines in particular a the growing distance in the usage of the concept by different disciplinary and thematic fields; b the process of branching out of the concept from restricted to more multidimensional definitions; c the problems with construct validity and concept stretching, and d the generalized lack of clarity that exists regarding the institutional sources of state capacity. KW - state capacity KW - statebuilding KW - fiscal performance KW - bureaucracies KW - neopatrimonialism Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/abstract/?id=5017 N1 - MERIT Working Papers 053, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT). ET - #2013-053 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Stanig, Piero ED - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Governance Indicators: Some Proposals T2 - Governance Challenges and Innovations: Financial and Fiscal Governance Y1 - 2013 SN - 9780199674930 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674930.001.0001 SP - 189 EP - 220 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Leininger, Arndt T1 - A Benchmarking Forecast of the 2013 Bundestag Election Y1 - 2013 UR - www.researchgate.net/publication/254147383 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iacovone, Leonardo A1 - De Hoyos, Rafael E T1 - Economic Performance under NAFTA: A Firm-Level Analysis of the Trade-productivity Linkages JF - World Development N2 - Did the North American Free Trade Agreement make Mexican firms more productive? If so, through which channels? This paper addresses these questions by deploying an innovative microeconometric approach that disentangles the various channels through which integration with the global markets (via international trade) can affect firm-level productivity. The results show that the North American Free Trade Agreement stimulated the productivity of Mexican plants via: (1) an increase in import competition and (2) a positive effect on access to imported intermediate inputs. However, the impact of trade reforms was not identical for all integrated firms, with fully integrated firms (i.e. firms simultaneously exporting and importing) benefiting more than other integrated firms. Contrary to previous results, once self-selection problems are solved, the analysis finds a rather weak relationship between exports and productivity growth. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.09.008 VL - 44 SP - 180 EP - 193 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cardot, Olivier A1 - Iacovone, Leonardo A1 - Pierola, Martha Denisse A1 - Rauch, Ferdinand T1 - Success and failure of African exporters JF - Journal of Development Economics N2 - Using a new dataset with transaction-level export data from four African countries (Malawi, Mali, Senegal and Tanzania), this paper explores the determinants of success upon entry into export markets, defined as survival beyond the first year at the firm-product-destination level. We find that the probability of success rises with the number of same-country firms exporting the same product to the same destination, suggesting the existence of cross-firm externalities. We explore several conjectures on the determinants of these externalities and provide evidence suggestive of information spillovers, possibly mediated through the banking system. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.12.004 VL - 101 SP - 284 EP - 296 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iacovone, Leonardo A1 - Rauch, Ferdinand A1 - Winters, L Alan T1 - Trade as an engine of creative destruction: Mexican experience with Chinese competition JF - Journal of International Economics N2 - This paper exploits the surge in Chinese exports from 1994 to 2004 to evaluate the effects of a competition shock from a low wage competitor for producers in an important middle-income country, Mexico. We find that this shock causes selection and reallocation at both firm and product levels and that its impact is highly heterogeneous at the intensive and extensive margins. Sales of smaller plants and more marginal products are compressed and are more likely to cease, whereas those of larger plants and core products seem relatively impervious to the shock. This implies a reallocation in terms of market shares within firms and between firms. We also show that the impact of expanded access to cheaper Chinese intermediate inputs has a similar effect, with larger plants benefiting more from the availability of cheaper imported inputs. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.09.002 VL - 89 IS - 2 SP - 379 EP - 392 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iacovone, Leonardo A1 - Zahler, Andrés A1 - Mattoo, Aaditya T1 - Trade and innovation in services: Evidence from a developing economy JF - The World Economy N2 - Studies on innovation and international trade have traditionally focused on manufacturing because neither was seen as important for services. Moreover, the few existing studies on services focus only on industrial countries, although in many developing countries services are already the largest sector in the economy and an important determinant of overall productivity growth. Using a recent firm-level innovation survey for Chile to compare the manufacturing and "tradable" services sector, this paper reveals some novel patterns. First, although services firms have on average a much lower propensity to export than manufacturing firms, services exports are less dominated by large firms and tend to be more skill intensive than manufacturing exports. Second, services firms appear to be as innovative as -- and in some cases more innovative than -- manufacturing firms, in terms of both inputs and outputs of "technological" innovative activity, although services innovations more often take a "non-technological" form. Third, services exporters (like manufacturing exporters) tend to be significantly more innovative than non-exporters, with a wider gap for innovations close to the global technological frontier. These findings suggest that the growing faith in services as a source of both trade and innovative dynamism may not be misplaced. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/twec.12117 VL - 37 IS - 7 SP - 953 EP - 979 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Iacovone, Leonardo A1 - Ramachandran, Vijaya A1 - Schmidt, Martin T1 - Stunted growth: why don't African firms create more jobs? T2 - Policy Research Working Papers N2 - Many countries in Africa suffer high rates of underemployment or low rates of productive employment; many also anticipate large numbers of people to enter the workforce in the near future. This paper asks the question: Are African firms creating fewer jobs than those located elsewhere? And, if so, why? One reason may be that weak business environments slow the growth of firms and distort the allocation of resources away from better-performing firms, hence reducing their potential for job creation. The paper uses data from 41,000 firms across 119 countries to examine the drivers of firm growth, with a special focus on African firms. African firms, at any age, tend to be 20–24 percent smaller than firms in other regions of the world. The poor business environment, driven by limited access to finance, and the lack of availability of electricity, land, and unskilled labor have some value in explaining this difference. Foreign ownership, the export status of the firm, and the size of the market are also significant determinants of firm size. However, even after controlling for the business environment and for characteristics of firms and markets, about 60 percent of the size gap between African and non-African firms remains unexplained. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6727 PB - World Bank Group ET - 6727 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Iacovone, Leonardo A1 - González, Alvaro S. A1 - Subhash, Hari T1 - Russian volatility: Obstacle to firm survival and diversification T2 - Policy Research Working Paper N2 - The need for economic diversification receives a great deal of attention in Russia. This paper looks at a way to improve it that is essential but largely ignored: how to help diversifying firms better survive economic cycles. By definition, economic diversification means doing new things in new sectors and/or in new markets. The fate of emerging firms, therefore, should be of great concern to policy makers. This paper indicates that the ups and downs -- the volatility -- of Russian economic growth are key to that fate. Volatility of growth is higher in Russia than in comparable economies because its slumps are both longer and deeper. They go beyond the cleansing effects of eliminating the least efficient firms; relatively efficient ones get swept away as well. In fact, an incumbency advantage improves a firm's chances of weathering the ups and downs of the economy, regardless of a firm's relative efficiency. Finally, firms in sectors where competition is less intense are less likely to exit the market, regardless of their relative efficiency. Two policy conclusions emerge from these findings -- one macroeconomic and one microeconomic. First, the importance of countercyclical policies is heightened to include efficiency elements. Second, strengthening competition and other factors that support the survival of new, emerging and efficient firms will promote economic diversification. Efforts to help small and medium enterprises may be better spent on removing the obstacles that young, infant firms face as they attempt to enter, survive and grow. Y1 - 2013 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15828 PB - World Bank Group CY - Washington, D. C. ET - 6605 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Iacovone, Leonardo A1 - Aterido, Reyes A1 - Beck, Thorsten T1 - Access to Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Is There a Gender Gap? JF - World Development N2 - We show the existence of an unconditional gender gap in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, when key observable characteristics of the enterprises or individuals are taken into account the gender gap disappears. In the case of enterprises, we explain our finding with differences in key characteristics and a potential selection bias. In the case of individuals, the lower use of formal financial services by women can be explained by gender gaps in other dimensions related to the use of financial services, such as their lower level of income and education, and by their household and employment status. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.02.013 VL - 47 SP - 102 EP - 120 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Snower, Dennis A1 - Graham, Liam T1 - Hyperbolic Discounting and Positive Optimal Inflation JF - Macroeconomic Dynamics N2 - The Friedman rule states that steady-state welfare is maximized when there is deflation at the real rate of interest. Recent work by Khan, King, and Wolman [Review of Economic Studies 10 (4), 825–860] uses a richer model but still finds deflation optimal. In an otherwise standard New Keynesian model we show that, if households have hyperbolic discounting, small positive rates of inflation can be optimal. In our baseline calibration, the optimal rate of inflation is 2.1% and remains positive across a wide range of calibrations. KW - Optimal Monetary Policy, Inflation Targeting, Phillips Curve, Nominal Inertia, Monetary Policy Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100511000393 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 591 EP - 620 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Bauer, Paul T1 - Political Depolarization in German Public Opinion, 1980–2010 JF - Political Science Research and Methods N2 - Little is known about political polarization in German public opinion. This article offers an issue-based perspective and explores trends of opinion polarization in Germany. Public opinion polarization is conceptualized and measured as alignment of attitudes. Data from the German General Social Survey (1980 to 2010) comprise attitudes towards manifold issues, which are classified into several dimensions. This study estimates multilevel models that reveal general and issue- as well as dimension-specific levels and trends in attitude alignment for both the whole German population and sub-groups. It finds that public opinion polarization has decreased over the last three decades in Germany. In particular, highly educated and more politically interested people have become less polarized over time. However, polarization seems to have increased in attitudes regarding gender issues. These findings provide interesting contrasts to existing research on the American public. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.7 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 89 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selb, Peter A1 - Herrmann, Michael A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Schübel, Thomas A1 - Shikano, Susumu T1 - Forecasting runoff elections using candidate evaluations from first round exit polls JF - International Journal of Forecasting N2 - We draw attention to a simple yet underappreciated way of forecasting the outcomes of elections involving two rounds of voting: surveying the voters’ candidate evaluations in first round exit polls, poststratifying the sample proportions of reported votes to official first round election returns, and redistributing the votes for eliminated competitors according to their supporters’ lower-order preferences among the viable alternatives in round two. We argue that the approach is likely to outperform standard pre-election surveys, due to its better coverage and reduced measurement error, and the possibility of correcting for sample selection. We set out the practical details of the method and demonstrate its usefulness by employing a recent German mayoral election as an empirical case. Thirteen candidates were competing in the first round, while there were six candidates in the decisive second round. The runoff result was forecast two weeks in advance with an average absolute error of less than one percentage point. Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2013.02.001 VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 541 EP - 547 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selb, Peter A1 - Munzert, Simon T1 - Voter overrepresentation, vote misreporting, and turnout bias in postelection surveys JF - Electoral Studies N2 - Figures from postelection surveys often grossly overestimate election turnout. Two distinct phenomena are responsible for this gap: overrepresentation of actual voters and vote misreporting by actual nonvoters among survey respondents. Previous accounts of turnout bias are inconclusive in that they either focus on a single component, or fail to separate between the two. In this paper, we formally decompose turnout bias in election surveys into its constituent parts, assess their empirical prevalence and heterogeneity using an extensive collection of 49 vote validation studies from six countries, and employ Bayesian meta regression techniques to account for cross-study differences. Our results indicate that both election and survey characteristics such as actual voter turnout and survey response rates differentially affect the components of turnout bias. We conclude with a discussion of the threats and potentials of our findings for survey-based comparative electoral research. Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261379412001369 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.11.004 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 186 EP - 196 ER -