TY - CHAP A1 - Schulze Buschoff, Karin A1 - Hassel, Anke ED - Zohlnhöfer, Reimut ED - Saalfeld, Thomas T1 - Beschäftigungsrekorde bei zunehmender Ungleichheit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt Arbeitsmarktentwicklung und -politik in der dritten Regierung Merkel (2013 bis 2017) T2 - Zwischen Stillstand, Politikwandel und Krisenmanagement: Eine Bilanz der Regierung Merkel 2013-2017 Y1 - 2018 SP - 397 EP - 414 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bryson, Joanna ED - Dubber, Markus ED - Pasquale, Frank ED - Das, Sunit T1 - The Artificial Intelligence of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: An Introductory Overview for Law and Regulation T2 - The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technical term often referring to artifacts used to detect contexts for human actions, or sometimes also for machines able to effect actions in response to detected contexts. Our capacity to build such artifacts has been increasing, and with it the impact they have on our society. This does not alter the fundamental roots or motivations of law, regulation, or diplomacy, which rest on persuading humans to behave in a way that provides sustainable security for humans. It does however alter nearly every other aspect of human social behaviour, including making accountability and responsibility potentially easier to trace. This chapter reviews the nature and implications of AI with particular attention to how they impinge on possible applications to and of law. Y1 - 2019 SN - 9780190067397 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067397.013.1 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - The Past Decade and Future of AI’s Impact on Society T2 - Towards a New Enlightenment? A Transcendent Decade N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technical term referring to artifacts used to detect contexts or to effect actions in response to detected contexts. Our capacity to build such artifacts has been increasing, and with it the impact they have on our society. This article first documents the social and economic changes brought about by our use of AI, particularly but not exclusively focusing on the decade since the 2007 advent of smartphones, which contribute substantially to “big data” and therefore the efficacy of machine learning. It then projects from this political, economic, and personal challenges confronting humanity in the near future, including policy recommendations. Overall, AI is not as unusual a technology as expected, but this very lack of expected form may have exposed us to a significantly increased urgency concerning familiar challenges. In particular, the identity and autonomy of both individuals and nations is challenged by the increased accessibility of knowledge. Y1 - 2019 SN - 9788417141219 VL - 11 PB - BBVA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wortham, Robert H. A1 - Bryson, Joanna ED - Prescott (et al.), Tony J. T1 - Communication T2 - Living Machines: A Handbook of Research in Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems N2 - From a traditional engineering perspective, communication is about effecting control over a distance, and its primary concern is the reliability of transmission. This chapter reviews communication in nature, describing its evolution from the perspective of the selfish gene. Communication in nature is ubiquitous and generally honest, and arises as much from collaboration as manipulation. We show that context and relevance allow effective communication with little information transfer, particularly between organisms with similar capacities and goals. Human language differs fundamentally from the non-verbal communication we share with other animals; robots may need to accommodate both. We document progress in AI capacities to generate synthetic emotion and to sense and classify human emotion. Communication in contemporary biomimetic systems is between robots in swarm robotics, but also between robot and human for both autonomous and collaborative systems. We suggest increased future emphasis on capacities to receive and comprehend signs, and on the pragmatic utility of communication and cooperation. Y1 - 2018 SN - 9780199674923 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0033 SP - 312 EP - 326 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke ED - Hinte, Klaus ED - Zimmermann, Klaus T1 - Die Zukunft der Sozialpartnerschaft: Individualisierung versus Arbeitnehmerschutz? T2 - Zeitenwende auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Wie der demografische Wandel die Erwerbsgesellschaft verändert Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-8389-0292-0 SP - 213 EP - 230 PB - Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean A1 - Zettelmeyer, Jeromin T1 - Introduction T2 - Risk Sharing Plus Market Discipline: A New Paradigm for Euro Area Reform? A Debate Y1 - 2019 UR - https://voxeu.org/content/risk-sharing-plus-market-discipline-new-paradigm-euro-area-reform-debate ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean T1 - 30 Euro area reform: An anatomy of the debate T2 - Risk Sharing Plus Market Discipline: A New Paradigm for Euro Area Reform? A Debate Y1 - 2019 PB - CEPR ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean T1 - Introduction T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-92-9084-788-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoekman, Bernard A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean T1 - The Governance of International Trade: Reshape or Demise? Seminar insights T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 EDITED Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-92-9084-788-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 17 EP - 21 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean A1 - Wolff, Guntram T1 - Extraterritoriality and Cooperation in Competition Policy. Seminar insights T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 78-92-9084-788-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 35 EP - 36 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Berklof, Erik A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean A1 - Velasco, Andrés T1 - The governance of global financial safety nets: fit for purpose? Seminar insights. T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-92-9084-788-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 49 EP - 52 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Carnetti, Elena A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean T1 - The governance of international banking. Seminar insights. T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-92-9084-788-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 71 EP - 74 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean A1 - Saint-Amans, Pascal T1 - Taxation governance in global markets: challenges, risks and opportunities T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-92-9084-788-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 101 EP - 105 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geddes, Andrew A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean T1 - Migration governance: a common approach? T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-92-9084-788-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 121 EP - 124 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean A1 - Papaconstantinou, George A1 - Tubiana, Laurence T1 - The Governance of Climate Change: Making it Work T2 - Global Governance: Demise or Transformation? Progress report on the Transformation of Global Governance Project 2018-2019 Y1 - 2019 SN - The Governance of Climate Change: Making it Work U6 - https://doi.org/10.2870/310247 SP - 143 EP - 148 PB - EUI CY - Florence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Childbearing across partnerships in Finland and Germany T2 - Divorce in Europe. New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups N2 - This chapter examines gender differences in “multipartner fertility” – i.e., having children with several partners – in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. Further, having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners. KW - Fertility Finland Germany Multipartner fertility Stepfamily Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783030258375 (print), 9783030258382 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25838-2 SP - 315 EP - 335 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bach, Tobias A1 - Wegrich, Kai ED - Christensen, Tom ED - Lægreid, Per T1 - Regulatory Reform, Accountability and Blame in Public Service Delivery: The Public Transport Crisis in Berlin T2 - The Routledge Handbook to Accountability and Welfare State Reforms in Europe N2 - Introduction Among the many promises of reforms of the ‘regulatory state’ type, the clarification of account - ability relations features prominently. While not always using the language of accountability, a major argument against the state as direct provider of a range of public services was that accountability relations were unclear: state providers of services such as telecommunications and transport were hybrids between commercial enterprises and public service providers that were largely self-regulatory in terms of service provision and technical safety (Lodge and Wegrich 2012). The governance of such enterprises allowed political logics to trump economic rationales, and it was unclear in how far the management of these companies should follow either a political or a managerial logic, as they had to provide ‘essential public services’ in an economically efficient way. Y1 - 2016 SN - 9781315612713 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315612713 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Wegrich, Kai ED - Benz, Arthur ED - Dose, Nicolai T1 - Governance und Verwaltungspolitik: Leitbilder und Reformkonzepte T2 - Governance. Regieren in komplexen Regelsystemen Y1 - 2010 SN - 9783531173320 SP - 175 EP - 200 PB - VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hallerberg, Mark A1 - Scartascini, Carlos ED - Flores-Macías, Gustavo A. T1 - Particularistic Political Institutions and Tax Neutrality in Latin America T2 - The Political Economy of Taxation in Latin America Y1 - 2019 SN - 9781108655934 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108655934 SP - 144 EP - 171 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Graf, Lukas T1 - Skill formation in cross-border contexts: The case of the trinational Upper Rhine region T2 - Comparative Vocational Education Research. Enduring Challenges and New Ways Forward N2 - Cross-border regions display significant economic, political, and cultural cooperation and represent a central feature of Europe — not least as innovation labs for the European integration project. A key example is the trinational French-German-Swiss Upper Rhine region. Each of the respective bordering countries displays a specific mode of regulation in VET. How do actors govern vocational education and training (VET) in this dynamic industry cluster in which distinct national political-administrative units do not overlap with the functional needs of employers and (future) employees? Relying on expert interviews and document analysis, this chapter offers a novel comparison of the respective subnational units within each cross-border region. The institutional study finds a key pattern through which skill formation is institutionalised within the cross-border context: the leveraging of complementarities between distinct educational institutions. In combining the specific strengths of different national skills regimes, VET stakeholders in cross-border regions are in a position to enlarge the scope and capacities of their skill regime far beyond national borders. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-658-29923-1 (Print); 978-3-658-29924-8 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29924-8_8 SP - 131 EP - 147 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER -