TY - CHAP A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Toward a Common Classification T2 - Defining the Nonprofit Sector: A Cross-National Analysis Y1 - 1997 SN - 978-0719049026 SP - 51 EP - 100 PB - Manchester University Press CY - Manchester ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sezgi, Funda A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Bali Swain, Ranjula ED - Sweet, Susanne T1 - To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling. T2 - Sustainable Consumption and Production, Volume II. N2 - In this chapter, we assess the link between scaling, control and organizational achievements. We argue that control is essential to coordinate organizational members towards a common and shared goal and to provide guardrails for scaling. We use the experience of the Aravind Eye Care System, a non-profit organization based in India providing eye care services to poor people to specify the mechanisms employed by Aravind underpinning three popular organizational scaling modes—branching, affiliation and dissemination. Our objective is to show how control and scaling can be combined in order to protect the value base of a social enterprise and at the same time ensure growth. Y1 - 2021 SN - Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55284-8 | Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-55285-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55285-5_15 VL - II SP - 355 EP - 376 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sezgi, Funda A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling T2 - Scaling Social Impact: New Thinking KW - Social Entrepreneurship KW - Scaling KW - Control KW - Coordination Y1 - 2010 SN - Hardcover ISBN 978-0-230-10437-2, Softcover ISBN 978-0-230-33837-1 SP - 29 EP - 44 PB - Palgrave Macmillan US CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Rau, Sandra ED - Madoff, Ray ED - Soskis, Benjamin T1 - Time-Limited Foundations: Comparative Perspectives from Europe T2 - Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy Y1 - 2023 UR - https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538131770/Giving-in-Time-Temporal-Considerations-in-Philanthropy SN - 978-1-5381-3176-3 SP - 177 EP - 195 PB - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers CY - Lanham, Maryland ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Minx, Jan C. A1 - Baioccchi, Giovanni T1 - Time use and sustainability: An input-output approach in mixed units T2 - Handbook of input-output economics in industrial ecology Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-1-4020-4083-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5737-3_37 SP - 819 EP - 846 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Enderlein, Henrik ED - Buti, Marco ED - Giudice, Gabriele ED - Leandro, José T1 - Time to move on: The discussion about EMU deepening needs to change T2 - Strengthening the Institutional Architecture of the Economic and Monetary Union N2 - The crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic has required rapid and strong action. It also entails key choices, including on how the EU could help mitigate the impact of Covid-19, foster the economic recovery and support the dual green and digital transitions. In September 2019, before the crisis, the Directorate General for Economy and Finance of the European Commission organised a workshop on strengthening the institutional architecture of the EMU. This eBook presents the main ideas discussed at the workshop. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://voxeu.org/content/strengthening-institutional-architecture-economic-and-monetary-union SN - 978-1-912179-36-7 SP - 6 EP - 11 PB - CEPR Press CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Theorien zur Existenz von Nonprofit-Organisationen T2 - Nonprofit-Organisationen in Recht, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft : Theorien - Analysen - Corporate Governance Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-16-148635-8 SP - 47 EP - 63 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Bågenholm, Andreas ED - Bauhr, Monika ED - Grimes, Marcia ED - Rothstein, Bo T1 - The Universalization of Ethical Universalism T2 - The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government N2 - This chapter argues that the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in 2004 and its subsequent ratification by more than 180 parties indicates universal agreement on the norms of quality of government, putting an end to moral relativist arguments. While UNCAC does not define corruption, it defines good governance and sets ethical universalism as its key benchmark. The chapter then follows the intellectual history of this concept and its remarkable success, with the norm of equal, fair, and nondiscriminatory treatment of every citizen present in every current constitutional contract. Ratification does not necessarily mean implementation when corruption is concerned, and the chapter surveys limitations to the practice of ethical universalism in governance and existing approaches to narrow the gap between norm and practice. Keywords: corruption, quality of government, equality of opportunity, ethical universalism, good governance KW - Political Science, Political Institutions, Comparative Politics, Corruption, Governance Y1 - 2021 SN - 9780198858218 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198858218.013.3 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford, United Kingdom ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turkut, Emre ED - Czech, Philip ED - Heschl, Lisa ED - Lukas, Karin ED - Nowak, Manfred ED - Oberleitner, Gerd T1 - The Turkish Post-Coup Emergency and European Responses: Shortcomings in the European System Revisited T2 - European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022 N2 - This contribution takes Turkey’s use of the derogation mechanism in the aftermath of the failed military coup of 15 July 2016 as a springboard to critically address the operation and the fallacies of the contemporary European derogation regime. The assessment will reveal whether the European system of human rights protection has succeeded in adopting an adequate and viable approach that can counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. The contribution concludes by providing a road map proposal for adequate oversight marked by rigorous scrutiny of derogation claims that can be described as a ‘consultation and cooperation process’. This process would place the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in a more active and operationally focused position to influence state decisions, to counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and to formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781839703447 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781839703447.016 SP - 445 EP - 482 PB - Intersentia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Carlin, Wendy A1 - Soskice, David A1 - Martin, Andrew T1 - The Transformation of the German Social Model T2 - European Social Models From Crisis to Crisis: Employment and Inequality in the Era of Monetary Integration Y1 - 2014 SN - 9780198717966 SP - 49 EP - 104 PB - Oxford Univ.Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Third World’s Third Sector T2 - Bridging the Chasm: International Perspectives on Voluntary Action Y1 - 1999 PB - Earthscan CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Seibel, Wolfgang T1 - The Third Sector in Comparative Perspective: Four Propositions T2 - The Third Sector: Comparative Studies of Nonprofit Organizations Y1 - 1990 SN - 978-3110117134 SP - 379 EP - 387 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M T1 - The Third Route: Social Service Provision in the United States and Germany T2 - Public Goods and Private Action Y1 - 1998 SN - 0300064497 SP - 151 EP - 162 PB - Yale University Press CY - New Haven, CT ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brinde, Erik A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Houlberg Salomonsen, Heidi ED - Kolltveit, Kristoffer ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - The Swedish Executive: Centralising from Afar T2 - Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times N2 - With its constitutional separation of power between the executive and administration, over the years Sweden has frequently been held up as a shining example of modern state governance. However, recent decades of internationalising politics, EU membership and growing public-sector complexities have placed greater demands on the Swedish executive. In recent years, the established governance system has changed in several respects. First, the previously highly decentralised system has become more centralised and central-local relations remain tense. Second, at the central level, the government has sought to increase control through politicisation. Third, Swedish pandemic policy highlighted the promises and pitfalls of ‘Swedish dualism’. And fourth, government communication has become ever more mediatised. In consequence, the chapter concludes that what from the outside looks like an exemplar of meritocratic democracy is rather a tactically flexible realpolitik built on interpretive ambiguities in the constitution—providing the Swedish executive with much-needed responsiveness in times of significant change, but also the veil for greater centralisation and control from afar. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_9 SP - 211 EP - 233 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Woll, Cornelia A1 - Schmidt, Vivien A. ED - Schmidt, Vivien A. ED - Thatcher, Mark T1 - The state: The bête noire of neo-liberalism or its greatest conquest? T2 - Resilient Liberalism in Europe's Political Economy N2 - Neo-liberalism has had one central message for the state: scale back, cut back, cut out, transform. This brings to mind Winston Churchill's reply to an opponent who asked, ‘How much is enough?’ to Churchill's repeated push to spend increasingly more on defence in the 1930s. Churchill's rejoinder came in the form of a story about a Brazilian banker with whom he had just had lunch. The banker had received a cable informing him of the death of his mother-in-law and asking for instructions. He cabled back: ‘embalm, cremate, bury at sea; leave nothing to chance’. This take on neo-liberalism – as burying the state – is certainly exaggerated because neo-liberalism comes in many different forms with many different policy applications. Only the recommendations of the most radical strands come close to the Brazilian banker's response to his mother-in-law's death. Yet the story as a metaphor for neo-liberal views of the state nonetheless somehow rings true. This is largely because neo-liberals have been more anti-state in their rhetoric than in their actions. The state has been neo-liberalism’s bête noire, as its main focus of attack, because neo-liberals – whatever their differences – have viewed the state as consistently doing too much in the wrong ways with the worst consequences not only for the markets but also for democracy, by endangering individual freedom through its interventions. As a provider of public goods, the state had to be scaled back to leave room for the market, which would assure more efficiency. However, the state has also been neo-liberalism’s greatest conquest, as its main locus of action, because it has been primarily through the state that neo-liberals have been able to realize their vision(s). Y1 - 2013 SN - 9781139857086 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139857086 SP - 112 EP - 142 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kurban, Dilek A1 - Sozeri, Ceren T1 - The state of the journalistic profession in Turkey T2 - Media Policies Revisited: The Challenge of Media Freedom and Independence N2 - From the outset, the media in Turkey have developed as a political institution rather than a market and media owners perceived themselves primarily as political actors. This has caused the media to be divided between proponents and opponents of the political establishment. Initially, media polarisation was characterised by ideological divisions. With the changes brought in the ownership structure after the 1980s, however, where news outlets were transferred from family firms to large corporations, the proximity (or distance) of media owners to government became no longer indicative of political (dis)agreement; rather it was primarily driven by economic interests. Accordingly, the journalistic profession was transformed from a self-driven political class to an instrument of power for the state and the private capital.This chapter aims to provide an analysis of the multi-faceted and inter-connected sources of pressure - the military, the government, courts, media owners and journalists themselves - on the journalistic profession in Turkey. These sources reinforce each other in sustaining various types of pressures on the media of a political, legal and financial nature. The constraints produced by these power mechanisms gain particular weight and become all the more effective in view of the absence of a collective professional identity and the lack of solidarity among journalists. The deeply entrenched socio-economic inequalities that characterise the journalistic profession, professional hierarchies and ideological polarisation deepen journalists’ vulnerability vis-à-vis political and economic power, as represented by the state and media ownership. KW - Media and journalism in Turkey Y1 - 2014 SN - 9781137337832 SP - 191 EP - 205 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bobić, Ana T1 - The Shared System of Rules in a Polycentric European Union T2 - Polycentricity in the European Union Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/polycentricity-in-the-european-union/FB4A6B91E85C38254CF2C8A6F3839BD7 SN - 9781108528771 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Perrini, Francesco T1 - The Sekem initiative: a holistic vision to develop people T2 - New Social Entrepreneurship : What awaits social entrepreneurship ventures? Y1 - 2006 SN - 9781845427818 SP - 210 EP - 223 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Burson, Bruce ED - Cantor, David James T1 - The Search of the Outer Edges of Non-refoulement in Europe T2 - Human Rights and the Refugee Definition: Comparative Legal Practice and Theory N2 - The purpose of this chapter is to examine the relationship between the prohibition on refoulement under human rights law (in particular under the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR)) and protections under international refugee law. It illustrates that the two systems, human rights and refugee law, develop their protections in different modes. I illustrate this divergent development as a riposte to the claim that non-refoulement under human rights law effectively broadens the protection against refoulement in refugee law. Of course, in some ways, that claim is correct, but in other respects human rights non-refoulement is highly limited, particular as regards which rights violations will lead to protection against return. Currently, it tends to focus on Article 3 ECHR, the right not to be subjected to torture, inhuman and degrading treatment. The chapter critiques the outer edges of human rights non-refoulement, in particular the ECtHR’s ‘flagrant breach’ caselaw. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-90-04-28858-4 U6 - https://doi.org//10.1163/9789004288591 SP - 180 EP - 209 PB - Brill | Nijhoff CY - Leiden, Netherlands ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - O'Cinneide, Colm ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Foster, Michelle ED - McAdam, Jane T1 - The Right to Work of Asylum Seekers and Refugees T2 - The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Y1 - 2021 SN - 9780198848639 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER -