TY - CHAP A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Rackwitz, Maike ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Intergovernmental collaboration in the context of digital transformation: state-of-the-art and theoretical notions T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 31 EP - 51 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Verhoest, Koen A1 - Klijn, Erik Hans A1 - Rykkja, Lise H. A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Collaboration for digital transformation: so much more than just technology T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 241 EP - 267 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Leadership for intergovernmental collaboration towards digital transformation T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 124 EP - 143 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting ED - Lynch, Daniel ED - Rosen, Stanley T1 - Xi Jinping’s Partnership with Technology Companies and Social Media Platforms T2 - Chinese Politics: The Xi Jinping Difference N2 - Contrary to conventional wisdom, even Xi Jinping, who is often depicted in the media and pundit world as having centralized control over nearly every dimension of Chinese governance, still must rely on powerful technology corporations to carry out his will in the increasingly important Internet sector. This suggests a model of political control significantly more nuanced than most observers realize. This chapter argues that Xi Jinping does not rule the Internet and more specifically social media via a tight command-and-control structure, which implies that he is the ultimate decision-maker and companies simply implement his policy decisions. Instead, the chapter demonstrates based on process-tracing that China’s governance of the Internet is best understood as a corporate management model, whereby the Chinese state engages in a partnership with technology companies. Xi Jinping assumes a leadership role enforced by state instruments of control and cooptation strategies. At the same time, the state remains dependent on companies due to their informational, organizational, and institutional resources. KW - China Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781032191522 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003257943-5 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Revisiting Europe’s ‘law-politics imbalance’ T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The aim of this chapter is to consider whether accusations of judicial activism towards the European Courts are rooted not in the activity of the CJEU per se but rather a wider ‘imbalance’ between law and politics in the present-day EU. Revisiting an earlier chapter, the chapter considers three sources of such an imbalance: the gap between the jurisdiction of the CJEU and the EU’s legislative competence; judicial reasoning at the EU level; and the imbalance in the EU between market and non-market objectives. While the chapter argues that the EU retains such an imbalance, recent developments, particularly the increasing dynamism of the EU legislature, have significantly narrowed the gap between the EU’s political and legal capacities in the last decade. As the chapter will conclude, the EU carries a less institutionally ‘lonely’ Court than in the past, providing the Union’s judiciary with greater leverage to temper activist claims. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00007 SP - 17 EP - 33 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - de Witte, Bruno A1 - Muir, Elise ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Introduction: locating judicial politics T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The Court inhabits a ‘political space’ to which it is called upon to respond. This points to its need to develop cooperative relationships not only with courts but also with political actors (such as national governments and the EU legislature) and even to directly address and explain decisions to EU citizens themselves. This book is aimed at answering the question of ‘How does the CJEU position itself as a political as well as a legal actor?’ with a view to better understanding the work of the Court and addressing its contestation. For that purpose, we explore in this introductory chapter what is meant by judicial ‘activism’ and judicial ‘politics’, before examining the different varieties of judicial politics our authors have shown an interest in. This will pave the way to drawing some lessons on the factors to take into account when seeking to address and respond to contestation of the work of the Court. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00006 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Durmuş, Betül A1 - Eskitaşçıoğlu, İlayda ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Turkey T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_021 SP - 1225 EP - 1272 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - Peters, Anne ED - Sparks, Tom T1 - Global Constitutionalism and the Individual T2 - The Individual in International Law: History and Theory Y1 - 2024 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-individual-in-international-law-9780198898917?cc=de&lang=en&# SN - 9780198898917 SP - 321 EP - 340 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan ED - Renz, David O. ED - Brown, William A. ED - Andersson, Fredrik O. T1 - The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges T2 - The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-1-394-19887-0 SP - 7 EP - 29 PB - Jossey-Bass ET - 5th ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schmauck, Sarah A1 - Mika, Tatjana ED - Karger-Kroll, Anna ED - Schäfers, Lars T1 - Der Wandel der Lebensformen und seine Bedeutung für die Alterssicherung in Deutschland T2 - Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplinären Sondierung der Alterssicherung Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.nomos-shop.de/nomos/titel/gerechte-rente-id-119795/ SN - 978-3-7560-1712-6 PB - Nomos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steininger, Silvia A1 - Paige, Tamsin Phillipa ED - González Hauck, Sué ED - Kunz, Raffaela ED - Milas, Max T1 - 4.2 Interdisciplinarity T2 - Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003451327-5/methods-su%C3%A9-gonz%C3%A1lez-hauck-max-milas-silvia-steininger-tamsin-phillipa-paige?context=ubx&refId=5bdaf8e6-ea7d-43fe-a8e2-64a43ad21f5b SN - 9781003451327 SP - 128 EP - 140 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sękowska-Kozłowska, Katarzyna A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna A1 - Grygiel-Zasada, Joanna A1 - Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Poland T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_016 SP - 823 EP - 898 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rykkja, Lise H. A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Klijn, Erik Hans A1 - Verhoest, Koen ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Introduction: collaborating for digital transformation in the public sector T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation: How Internal and External Collaboration Can Contribute to Innovate Public Service Delivery Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781803923888 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 2 EP - 12 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leininger, Arndt A1 - Murr, Andreas E. A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Kayser, Mark A. ED - Schoen, Harald ED - Weßels, Bernhard T1 - Bürger:innenprognosen in einem Mischwahlsystem: Die deutsche Bundestagswahl 2021 als Testfall T2 - Wahlen und Wähler N2 - Wie viele Wahlkreise gewinnt welche Partei bei der Bundestagswahl? Diese Frage war im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2021 trotz des deutschen Mischwahlsystems unter Fachleuten wie auch einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit von besonderem Interesse. Diesem Bedarf an Vorhersagen bedient in jüngerer Zeit eine zunehmende Zahl von Prognosemodellen, die sich jedoch fast ausschließlich auf die Zweitstimme abzielen. Für Wahlkreise gibt es nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch in reinen Mehrheitswahlsystemen, kaum relevante Umfragen. Wir führten daher eine Wahlerwartungsumfrage durch, um den Wahlausgang in jedem einzelnen Bundestagswahlkreis zu prognostizieren. Wir nennen unseren Ansatz Bürger:innenprognose, weil er auf den Erwartungen der Bürger:innen über das Wahlverhalten ihrer Mitbürger:innen beruht und nicht auf deren selbstberichteten Wahlabsichten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir unsere Bürger:innenprognose vor, evaluieren ihre Genauigkeit und vergleichen sie mit anderen Ansätzen zur Wahlprognose. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783658426934 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42694-1_15 SP - 383 EP - 411 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Leininger, Arndt ED - Hellwig, Timothy ED - Singer, Matthew T1 - The Economy and Chancellor Approval in Germany: A Cautionary Tale about Data Vintages and Measurement T2 - Economics and Politics Revisited: Executive Approval and the New Calculus of Support Y1 - 2023 SN - 9780192871664 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Darius, Philipp ED - Faas, Thorsten ED - Huber, Sascha ED - Krewel, Mona ED - Roßteutscher, Sigrid T1 - KI und datengesteuerte Kampagnen: Eine Diskussion der Rolle generativer KI im politischen Wahlkampf T2 - Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie: Festschrift für Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783756008001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553 VL - Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung. Band 35 SP - 199 EP - 211 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bunde, Tobias ED - Mayer, Sebastian T1 - Social constructivism T2 - Research Handbook on NATO N2 - From a social constructivist perspective, NATO is not just another alliance or security institution, but the institutional embodiment of the transatlantic security community, which is based on a collective identity of liberal democracies. This collective identity serves as the main explanatory factor for social constructivist research dealing with NATO’s creation, its specific institutional design and its unique culture of consultation. It also helps understand NATO’s persistence after the end of the Cold War, its enlargement and its (liberal) out-of-area operations and missions in the post-Cold War period. Constructivism has become one of the key theoretical approaches in NATO research, offering a broader view of the Alliance and accounting for empirical anomalies that competitors fail to explain. Still, constructivist research has arguably not yet reached its full potential and could offer additional insights into NATO’s past, presence and future. These lacunae are addressed in the chapter. KW - NATO KW - Social constructivism KW - Transatlantic security community KW - Security cooperation KW - Identity KW - Liberal-democratic values Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781839103384 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839103391.00014 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Limited CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - Chapter 15: The Continental tradition of ministerial advice: no institutional home for ministerial advisers? T2 - Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers N2 - The chapter examines ministerial advisory structures in Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands and discusses if and how their emergence and roles are linked to the Continental administrative tradition - one which emphasises the rule of law, and a procedural orientation within and political responsiveness of the standing bureaucracy. The chapter reviews the state of the research on ministerial advisers in the three countries and finds various similarities. In all three contexts ministerial advisory positions have emerged: however, they are less formalised and have received less attention than their counterparts in other parts of the world in recent years. KW - Ministerial advisers KW - Continental tradition KW - Rechtsstaat KW - Weberian bureaucracy KW - Politicisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00025 SP - 221 EP - 231 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bach, Tobias A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - Chapter 23: Policy-making in the executive triangle: a comparative perspective on ministers, advisers, and civil servants T2 - Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers N2 - This chapter seeks to bridge existing research on the politicisation of top civil servants and the roles of ministerial advisers by proposing a new conceptual approach for the comparative analysis of executive policy-making. We conceive of the executive triangle as a set of interdependent relationships between ministers, civil servants, and advisers. Those relationships may take different forms, depending on the distinct tasks performed by each actor and their roles in policy-making, which define mutual expectations. Thus understood, the executive triangle is an institution performing particular functions in policy-making (such as assessing policy alternatives, anticipating political support, and coordinating with other actors both inside and outside government). Those functions are performed by actors within the triangle and reflected in their roles and their direct and indirect relationships. The chapter conceptually explores such a system-perspective on the executive triangle; sketches analytical dimensions for understanding similarities and differences of executive triangles across contexts; provides empirical illustrations of variations of the executive triangle in Europe; and develops a research agenda using this concept to better understand the roles of ministers, ministerial advisers, and top civil servants in executive policy-making in a comparative perspective. KW - Civil servants KW - Comparative public administration KW - Executive triangle KW - Ministerial advisers KW - Policy advice KW - Politicisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00034 SP - 338 EP - 351 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Daub, Sara ED - Moghadam, Assaf ED - Rauta, Vladimir ED - Wyss, Michel T1 - Diasporas and Proxy Wars T2 - Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars N2 - This chapter discusses the role of diasporas in connection with proxy wars. It argues that diaspora support differs from external state support in important ways, from the sources and motivations of support to the means and types of support provided. Diasporas are often drawn into the conflict by kinship support or feelings of guilt, and often send foreign fighters or financial support to their kin, rather than direct military support. Diasporas are also more susceptible to pressures by rebel groups to provide support, and their assistance tends to be more reliable than that of state sponsors. Finally, diasporas have greater stakes in reducing harm to civilians than most state supporters and will therefore be inclined to support long-term solutions, including those involving rebel governance. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003174066-19/diasporas-proxy-wars-sara-daub?context=ubx&refId=f3b05beb-94d0-4d7f-a4af-bfd9a631ee6e SN - 9781003174066 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 1st ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - von Schnurbein, Georg T1 - Das Problem mit der Philantropie T2 - Gutes tun oder es besser lassen? Philanthropie zwischen Kritik und Anerkennung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.merianverlag.ch/produkt/kultur-und-gesellschaft/gutes-tun-oder-es-besser-lassen/d56e67eb-a50b-4860-92ee-9bc103e0d5de.html SN - 978-3-03969-012-1 SP - 37 EP - 50 PB - Christoph Merian Verlag CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sarmiento, Daniel A1 - van den Brink, Martijn ED - Kochenov, Dimitry ED - Surak, Kristin T1 - EU competence and investor migration T2 - Citizenship and Residence Sales: Rethinking the Boundaries of Belonging N2 - In this chapter, we examine the issue of competence to confer residence and citizenship based on a donation or investment in the light of international and European law as they stand today. We show that the national competence to do this is part of the sovereign nature of the modern state, which implies the ability to create a people and delimit the scope of the population granted a right to settle in the national territory, underpinned by rules behind such delimitation. We also explain why investment migration per se cannot be presented as unlawful and outlines the avenues for the eventual disciplining of its offshoots in areas unrelated to migration as such, thus connecting particularly well with Peter Spiro’s analysis of relevant international law. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781108492874 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108675123.009 SP - 183 EP - 206 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Die Kompetenzkrise der Medien beginnt im Medienmanagement T2 - Deep Journalism. Domänenkompetenz als redaktioneller Erfolgsfaktor Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.halem-verlag.de/produkt/deep-journalism/ SN - 9783869626604 PB - Herbert von Halem Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Prasad, Shubha Kamala A1 - Arora, Maneesh A1 - Sadhwani, Sara T1 - Attitudes of the Indian-American Diaspora towards Politics in India T2 - Global India N2 - Diaspora communities are not homogeneous entities even if they are characterized as such for analytical convenience. Often, members of the diaspora carry their political attitudes from their country of origin, which the next generation might also inherit. Given that political preferences in the country of origin might vary significantly, members of the diaspora should also have different political preferences. To test this variation, we explore the internal cleavages of the Indian-American community using a national sample of 1,003 members of this community. We find significant differences by political identity, religion, age, and state of origin in India on evaluations of politicians and policy in India. Moreover, we find that Indian-Americans are not only divided in their attitudes towards politics in India, but that the same factors predict differences in evaluating both politicians and policy in the United States (US). Our results contribute to our understanding of Indian American attitudes, and also offer clues to how diaspora communities carry their political predispositions with them to their destination country, as well as how the diaspora remains as a vital element in – and stimulus on – Indian foreign policy. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781003305132 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003305132-16 SP - 208 EP - 225 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Rau, Sandra ED - Madoff, Ray ED - Soskis, Benjamin T1 - Time-Limited Foundations: Comparative Perspectives from Europe T2 - Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy Y1 - 2023 UR - https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538131770/Giving-in-Time-Temporal-Considerations-in-Philanthropy SN - 978-1-5381-3176-3 SP - 177 EP - 195 PB - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers CY - Lanham, Maryland ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Clarke, Matthew ED - Zhao, Xinyu (Andy) T1 - Corruption and Development T2 - Elgar Encyclopedia of Development Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/elgar-encyclopedia-of-development-9781800372115.html SN - 978 1 80037 211 5 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akbik, Adina ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - The Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup: Substantive Accountability Claimed, but Unmet T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance N2 - As the most powerful executive actor in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the Eurogroup has faced continuous demands to improve its accountability record since the euro crisis. One reform introduced to meet these demands were the Economic Dialogue – a regular exchange of views between the European Parliament and the President of the Eurogroup designed to ‘ensure greater transparency and accountability’ in the EMU. This chapter investigates the practical functioning of the Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup between 2013 and the 2019 European Parliament elections. Applying the theoretical framework of the introduction, the purpose is to examine the extent to which the Parliament focuses on procedural or substantive accountability when questioning the Eurogroup President. Moreover, the chapter investigates the reasoning of parliamentary questions in line with the four accountability goods identified at the outset (openness, non-arbitrariness, effectiveness, and publicness). The findings show that Members of the European Parliament are eager to question the extent to which Eurogroup decisions are substantively open and effective, and to a lesser extent whether they are arbitrary or protect EU interests more generally. The analysis is based on fourteen transcripts of Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup President, which took place between 2013 and 2019. KW - Accountability; Eurogroup; European Parliament; Council of the EU; Economic Dialogue; European Semester; ESM Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.010 SP - 154 EP - 176 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akbik, Adina A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - From Procedural to Substantive Accountability in EMU Governance T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance N2 - This chapter provides the volumes general conceptual framework. It begins by addressing why new approaches to accountability are needed, arguing that accountability literature has reached a stalemate as a result of an impasse between deductive and inductive approaches to accountability in the EU. It then argues that overcoming the stalemate requires developing a generalised framework of what accountability is for, deriving four accountability goods to be used in subsequent chapters. The chapter argues that each of the goods can be delivered in procedural or substantive ways, focusing either on the process by which decisions are made or the substantive worth of decisions themselves. The chapter concludes by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of both varieties of accountability before mapping out how the concepts will be applied across policy fields and institutions in subsequent chapters. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.003 SP - 19 EP - 44 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - Introduction: The Accountability Impasse of the EU’s New Economic Governance T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance N2 - This chapter serves as the general introduction to the volume. It discusses two major impasses plaguing EMU in the 2020s: the first, a clash between politicization of EMU decisions, on the one hand, and an institutional structure designed to reject political conflict, on the other; the second, a scholarly impasse between those analysing EMU accountability comparatively and those doing so through EMU specific standards. The chapter briefly introduces the core concepts used in the volume as a means of overcoming this impasse: the distinction between procedural and substantive accountability as well as the normative goods framework developed in Chapter 1. It finally provides an overview of the structure and content of the volume, concluding with a plea to focus scholarly attention on EMUs substantive accountability deficits. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.001 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bobić, Ana ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - Constructive Constitutional Conflict as an Accountability Device in Monetary Policy T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.012 SP - 197 EP - 316 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - van Aaken, Anne ED - d'Argent, Pierre ED - Mälksoo, Lauri ED - Vasel, Johann Justus T1 - Human Rights Ideas, Law, and Institutions in Europe T2 - The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Europe N2 - This chapter introduces the contribution of Europe to the development of human rights ideas, law, and institutions. In a spirit of ‘provincialising Europe’, it argues that Europe’s contributions to human rights are ambivalent and dynamic. The chapter first examines natural rights and rights of citizens as twin, but also potentially conflicting, developments in demarcating Europe’s contributions to human rights. Europe is historically a home of human rights ideas as well as strong critiques and double standards in the use of these ideas. The chapter then examines European contributions to the legalization of human rights with a focus on two institutional Europes: that of the Council of Europe and the European Union. Finally, the chapter reviews contemporary human rights debates, against the backdrop of authoritarianization in Europe on the one hand and demands for new human rights to tackle the climate crisis, and digitalization of modern societies on the other. KW - EU Law, International Law, Law Y1 - 2023 SN - 9780198865315 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198865315.013.8 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Arránz Becker, Oliver ED - Hank, Karsten ED - Steinbach, Anja T1 - Sozialstruktur und Familienformen T2 - Handbuch Familiensoziologie N2 - Dieser Beitrag gibt auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus einen Überblick über den Wandel der Familienformen in Deutschland. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit alleinerziehende, nichteheliche und eheliche Familien sozialstrukturell differenziert sind und in welchem Ausmaß sich die ökonomische Lebenslage der verschiedenen Familienformen unterscheidet. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-35218-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35219-6_26 SP - 657 EP - 674 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Henningsen, Bernd T1 - Die Verwaltungssysteme T2 - Nordeuropa: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8487-8699-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748930914-253 SP - 253 EP - 261 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Welfens, Natalie ED - Scharrer, Tabea ED - Glorius, Birgit ED - Kleist, J. Olaf ED - Berlinghoff, Marcel T1 - Resettlement T2 - Flucht- und Flüchtlingsforschung: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783748921905 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748921905 SP - 489 EP - 496 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Lemay, Isabelle A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM’s Immigration Detention Practices and Policies: Human Rights, Positive Obligations and Humanitarian Duties T2 - IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - This chapter analyses IOM’s practices and policies on immigration detention from the 1990s to date, spanning a period of significant change in its approaches to detention. The chapter first distills pertinent international human rights law (IHRL) on migration-related detention, and then examines IOM’s normative statements concerning detention. It shows that while IOM generally emphasises international legal standards, it also tends to stress states’ ‘prerogative’ to detain, frame alternatives to detention (ATDs) as a desirable option rather than a legal obligation, and weave an operational role for itself, notably through assisted voluntary returns (AVRs). The chapter then interrogates IOM’s involvement in detention through four case studies. These reveal not only IOM’s changing role regarding detention, but its enduring part in a global system whereby powerful states and regions seek to contain protection seekers ‘elsewhere.’ The chapter concludes that, without constitutional and institutional change to ensure it meets its positive human rights obligations, and deeper critical reflection on its humanitarian duties, IOM’s practice risks expanding and legitimating detention. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175.016 SP - 360 EP - 396 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Auz, Juan ED - Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine ED - Peel, Jacqueline T1 - Climate Crisis and the Testing of International Human Rights Remedies: Forecasting the Inter-American Court of Human Rights T2 - Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au défi des changements climatiques KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-90-04-68239-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-8096_pplcdu_a9789004682399_13 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rintamäki, Jukka A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Foster, William M. A1 - Zundel, Mike ED - Decker, Stephanie ED - Foster, William M. ED - Giovannoni, Elena T1 - The interview and researching collective memory T2 - Handbook of Historical Methods for Management Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-historical-methods-for-management-9781800883734.html SN - 9781800883734 SP - 412 EP - 424 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wegrich, Kai ED - Goldfinch, Shaun Francis T1 - Public sector innovation: which season of public sector reform? T2 - Handbook of Public Administration Reform Y1 - 2023 SN - 978 1 80037 673 1 SP - 131 EP - 145 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Darius, Philipp A1 - Stephany, Fabian T1 - How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: ‘Hashjacking’ as a Disinformation Strategy in Times of COVID-19 T2 - Complex Networks & Their Applications X. COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1016 N2 - Twitter influences political debates. Phenomena like fake news and hate speech show that political discourses on social platforms can become strongly polarised by algorithmic enforcement of selective perception. Some political actors actively employ strategies to facilitate polarisation on Twitter, as past contributions show, via strategies of ‘hashjacking’(The use of someone else’s hashtag in order to promote one’s own social media agenda.). For the example of COVID-19 related hashtags and their retweet networks, we examine the case of partisan accounts of the German far-right party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) and their potential use of ‘hashjacking’ in May 2020. Our findings indicate that polarisation of political party hashtags has not changed significantly in the last two years. We see that right-wing partisans are actively and effectively polarising the discourse by ‘hashjacking’ COVID-19 related hashtags, like #CoronaVirusDE or #FlattenTheCurve. This polarisation strategy is dominated by the activity of a limited set of heavy users. The results underline the necessity to understand the dynamics of discourse polarisation, as an active political communication strategy of the far-right, by only a handful of very active accounts. KW - COVID-19 Hashtags Networks Political communication strategies #CoronaVirusDE #FlattenTheCurve Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-93413-2 SN - 978-3-030-93412-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_9 SP - 100 EP - 111 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Kupi, Maximilian A1 - Bryson, Joanna ED - Stephens, Melodena ED - Awamleh, Raed ED - Salem, Fadi T1 - Untangling Agile Government: On the Dual Necessities of Structure and Agility T2 - Agile Government: Emerging Perspectives in Public Management N2 - The governments of today are not able to transform and adapt to changes in the world around them, as demanded by their constituents. The nature of work, value of public goods, and the constant bombardment of crises are making the old bureaucratic structures obsolete. Agile Government is an emerging theme, that of government-wide reinvention for adaptiveness and responsiveness. It places the accountability, delivery, capture, design and creation of public value at the heart of the government. The concept of agile government is confused with terms like Agile Manifesto, agile governance, agility among others, and because of this, needs some unpacking. This book is a deep dive into this topic. It offers insights from the theoretical development of the topic of agile government, some lessons from government practices around the world, and ongoing academic and policy research. The project is spearheaded by the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government, which is the first teaching and research institution in the Arab world focusing on public policy and governance. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9789811239694 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811239700_0002 PB - World Scientific Publishing CY - Singapur ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - UN treaty body views: a distinct pathway to UN human rights treaty impact? T2 - A Life Interrupted: Essays in honour of the lives and legacies of Christof Heyns Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.pulp.up.ac.za/latest-publications/321-essays-in-honour-of-the-lives-and-legacies-of-christof-heyns SN - 9781991213143 SP - 443 EP - 459 PB - Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) CY - Pretoria ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Turkut, Emre T1 - Turkey: Pandemic Governance and Executive Aggrandisement T2 - Routledge Handbook of Law and the COVID-19 Pandemic N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic not only ravaged human bodies but also had profound and possibly enduring effects on the health of political and legal systems, economies and societies. Almost overnight, governments imposed the severest restrictions in modern times on rights and freedoms, elections, parliaments and courts. Legal and political institutions struggled to adapt, creating a catalyst for democratic decline and catastrophic increases in poverty and inequality. This handbook analyses the global pandemic response through five themes: governance and democracy; human rights; the rule of law; science, public trust and decision making; and states of emergency and exception. Containing 12 thematic commentaries and 25 chapters on countries of diverse size, wealth and experience of COVID-19, it represents the combined effort of more than 50 contributors, including leading scholars and rising voices in the fields of constitutional, international, public health, human rights and comparative law, as well as political science, and science and technology studies. Taking stock after the onset of global emergency, this book provides essential analysis for politicians, policy-makers, jurists, civil society organisations, academics, students and practitioners at both national and international level on the best, and most concerning, practices adopted in response to COVID-19 - and key insights into how states and multilateral institutions should reform, adapt and prepare for future emergencies. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781032078854 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bois, Julien A1 - Dawson, Mark T1 - Chapter 7: Sociological institutionalism as a lens to study judicialization: a bridge between legal scholarship and political science T2 - The Politics of European Legal Research N2 - Judicialization - and the influence of trans-national Courts - seems a perfect object of study for inter-disciplinary research and a potential spur for methodological innovation. In the case of the European Courts, however, this chapter argues that divides between law and political science have impeded the developments of accounts of judicialization able to take both the legal and political aspects of judicial activity seriously. The chapter discusses sociological institutionalism as an alternative approach to judicialisation. By stressing the importance of legal norms in structuring the 'space' for legal agency while abstaining from the assumption that norms apply equally in all situations, sociological institutionalism provides an inter- disciplinary framework for the study of Courts able to act as a bridge between both disciplines. As the chapter will conclude, while institutionalist approaches are complex and time-consuming, their focus on the language, ideas and cultural assumptions of actors and institutions provide a compelling method for the study of judicial behaviour. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781802201185 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802201192.00014 SP - 94 EP - 108 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Hill, Paul B. ED - Kopp, Johannes T1 - Sozialstruktur und Familienformen T2 - Handbuch Familiensoziologie N2 - Der Beitrag beschreibt die Grundzüge des sozialstrukturellen Wandels der Lebensformen in Deutschland. Zunächst werden Konzepte und theoretische Ansätze zur Erklärung von Lebensformen und familialen Verhaltensweisen skizziert. Anschließend werden Strukturen und Wandel der Lebens- und Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland nach 1990 auf der Grundlage des Mikrozensus und des deutschen Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) empirisch untersucht. Dargestellt werden die altersspezifische Verteilung der Lebensformen, der Wandel der Familienformen von Frauen und Männern seit den 1990er Jahren sowie bildungsspezifische Entwicklungen. Weiterhin beleuchtet der Artikel an den Beispielen des Übergangs zur Mutterschaft und der nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft die kohortenspezifi sche Lebenslaufdynamik von Familienformen. Schließlich wird mit Stieff amilien ein in der empirischen Forschung bislang wenig untersuchter Aspekt der Differenzierung der Familienformen aufgegriffen. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-658-02276-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02276-1_12 SP - 345 EP - 373 PB - Springer VS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dempsey, Mark A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Haataja, Meeri A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Transnational Digital Governance and Its Impact on Artificial Intelligence T2 - The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance N2 - The rapid pace of technological advancement and innovation has put existing governance and regulatory mechanisms to the test. There is a clear need for new and innovative regulatory mechanisms that enable governments to successfully manage the integration of digital technologies into our societies, and to ensure that such integration occurs in a sustainable, beneficial, and just manner. Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as one of the most debated of such innovations. What exactly is it, how should it be built and deployed, how can it be used, and how should it be regulated? Yet across the period of this debate, AI is becoming widely used and addressed within existing, evolving, and bespoke regulatory contexts. The present chapter explores the extant governance of AI and, in particular, what is arguably the most successful AI regulatory approach to date, that of the European Union. The chapter explores core definitional concepts, shared understandings, values, and approaches currently in play. It argues that not only are the Union’s regulations locally effective, but, due to the so-called “Brussels effect,” regulatory initiatives within the European Union also have a much broader global impact. As such, they warrant close consideration. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9780197579329 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.16 N1 - A pre-print version is available at: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/xu3jr PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Meier, Tobias ED - Penta, Leo ED - Richter, Andreas T1 - Wer organisiert die Zivilgesellschaft? T2 - Community Organizing Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7799-6804-7 SP - 104 EP - 111 PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Powell, Justin J.W. ED - Knight, Elizabeth ED - Bathmaker, Ann-Marie ED - Moodie, Gavin ED - Orr, Kevin ED - Webb, Susan ED - Wheelahan, Leesa T1 - The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries? T2 - Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education N2 - Higher education is typically viewed as offering the most assured pathways to secure careers and low unemployment rates. Yet, increasingly some groups, not least higher education graduates and their families paying ever-higher tuition fees, question the taken-for-granted contributions higher education makes to individuals and society. While participation rates have climbed worldwide, higher education systems continue to produce winners and losers. In the face of such challenges globally, which alternatives exist? A prominent possibility, pioneered in Germany, is ‘dual study’ programmes. These programmes fully integrate phases of higher education study and paid work in firms, illustrating how employer interests and investments are (re)shaping advanced skill formation. Co-developed and co-financed by employers, they could ameliorate the global trend towards saddling students with ever-higher education costs and student debt. Grounded in neo-institutional analysis, expert interviews, and document analysis, we analyse the genesis and rapid expansion of dual study programmes, emphasizing the role of employer interests and highlighting distributional conflicts in the new politics of advanced skill formation. Furthermore, we discuss lessons other countries might glean from a new form of work-based higher education in Germany. Reference: Graf, L./Powell, J.J.W. (2022) The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries? In: Knight, E./Bathmaker, A-M./Moodie, G./Orr, K./Webb, S./Wheelahan, L. (Eds.) Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education. London, Palgrave, 125-144. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84502-5_7 SP - 125 EP - 144 PB - Palgrave CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bernhard, Nadine A1 - Graf, Lukas ED - Bonoli, Giuliano ED - Emmenegger, Patrick T1 - Enhancing Permeability through Cooperation: The Case of Vocational and Academic Worlds of Learning in the Knowledge Economy T2 - Collective Skill Formation in the Knowledge Economy N2 - Interest in collective skill formation systems has been high for a long time, but recent structural economic and societal developments have led commentators to question their viability. In particular, the shift towards a knowledge economy creates a number of challenges for these highly praised systems of vocational training. These challenges relate to the growing importance of knowledge intensive production in advanced economies and with the accelerated pace of change due to innovation and globalization. What is more, these issues are compounded by coinciding developments in growing inequality and the emergence of multicultural societies. Can collective skill formation systems adapt fast enough to the needs of the knowledge economy? Can they continue to be as successful as they have been in the past in integrating youth in the labour market? Will employers be willing to participate in the delivery of vocational training in this new context? In this book, a world class team of leading experts on collective skill formation systems provide a thorough discussion of these and other questions raised by the shift to a knowledge economy. The book argues that collective skill formation systems remain attractive for firms and governments. However, continuous and profound adjustments will be needed if they are to fulfil their objectives in terms of equity and efficiency. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/collective-skill-formation-in-the-knowledge-economy-9780192866257?cc=de&lang=en&# SN - 9780192866257 SP - 281 EP - 307 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - Regional protection T2 - International Human Rights Law N2 - Written by leading experts in the field, this compelling textbook explores the essentials of international human rights law, from foundational issues to substantive rights and systems of protection. A variety of perspectives bring this multifaceted and sometimes contentious subject to life, making International Human Rights Law the ideal companion for students of human rights. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/international-human-rights-law-9780198860112?lang=en&cc=ca# SN - 978-0198860112 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - van den Brink, Martijn ED - Daniel, Thym ED - Dora, Kostakopoulou T1 - The relationship between national and EU citizenship: What is it and what should it be? T2 - Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy. Navigating Challenges and Crises. N2 - In this chapter, Martijn van den Brink discusses two questions: what is the relationship between national and EU citizenship legally speaking, and what should it be normatively speaking? While often conflated, these questions must be considered independently of each other. He argues first that EU law is not even capable of justifying the very minimal restrictions CJEU case law has imposed on the authority of Member States to determine the rules on the acquisition and loss of national citizenship. It certainly cannot justify more far-reaching restrictions such as outlawing investor citizenship or allowing UK nationals to retain their EU citizenship. Normatively speaking, however, Martijn van den Brink makes the case for giving the EU greater influence over the conditions relating to the loss and acquisition of national and EU citizenship, in particular to ensure that third-country nationals with social ties to their society of residence have a credible path to citizenship. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-european-union-citizenship-law-and-policy-9781788972895.html SN - 978 1 78897 289 5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972901 SP - 100 EP - 114 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER -