TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Capano, Giliberto ED - Craft, Jonathan ED - Howlett, Michael T1 - Moving Beyond Westminster: Expansion and Comparison in the Study of National Policy Advisory Systems T2 - The Routledge Handbook Of Policy Advisory Systems Y1 - 2026 UR - https://www.routledge.com/The-Routledge-Handbook-of-Policy-Advisory-Systems/Capano-Craft-Howlett/p/book/9781032737454?srsltid=AfmBOoq8AGN8n5-LE0TwJvZnUE8m3Hp38_wOzU2vc6ld7o8P9bNdgcv5 SN - 9781032737454 SP - 123 EP - 134 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon and New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Darius, Philipp A1 - Urquhart, Michael ED - Ginsborg, Lisa ED - Gori, Paula T1 - Informational Power and Disinformation: Actors, Messages, Incentives, and Techniques of Disinformation Campaigns T2 - Disinformation N2 - Disinformation has become a pivotal concern for policymakers globally. While the issue has been a longstanding issue for communication and foreign affairs scholars and practitioners, recent years have seen an escalation in its severity driven by geopolitical conflicts like the Ukraine war or the Israel-Gaza conflict. These conflicts, coupled with international tensions, are exacerbated by state-led foreign interference and information manipulation intersecting with domestic partisan disinformation campaigns. Democracies with open media systems are particularly exposed to disinformation campaigns by other actors. In this article, we understand disinformation campaigns as a political instrument of increasing the power of interpretation among target groups. These may be populations of foreign states but also domestic citizens that are targeted with disinformation by partisan groups or autocratic governments. To better assess the aim of disinformation campaigns, we propose to focus on informational power as a mediator underpinning Michael Mann’s IEMP model based on ideological, economic, military, and political power. Working from this theoretical framework, we discuss the actors, messages, incentives, and techniques and tactics of disinformation campaigns from a European perspective. KW - Political communication KW - Information Ethics Y1 - 2026 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00480-2_11 SP - 187 EP - 211 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Finnerty, Joseph ED - Istrefi, Kushtrim ED - Ratniece, Zane ED - Kamber, Krešimir T1 - Accessibility of law T2 - The Companion to the European Convention on Human Rights Y1 - 2026 SN - 9789004541559 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004541559 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Finnerty, Joseph ED - Istrefi, Kushtrim ED - Ratniece, Zane ED - Kamber, Krešimir T1 - Foreseeability of law T2 - The Companion to the European Convention on Human Rights Y1 - 2026 SN - 9789004541559 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004541559 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Finnerty, Joseph ED - Istrefi, Kushtrim ED - Ratniece, Zane ED - Kamber, Krešimir T1 - Quality of law T2 - The Companion to the European Convention on Human Rights Y1 - 2026 SN - 9789004541559 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004541559 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Finnerty, Joseph ED - Istrefi, Kushtrim ED - Ratniece, Zane ED - Kamber, Krešimir T1 - Legitimate aim T2 - The Companion to the European Convention on Human Rights Y1 - 2026 SN - 9789004541559 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004541559 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolfert, Sabine A1 - Schneekloth, Ulrich A1 - Traxler, Christian ED - Müllerleile, Hansjörg ED - Schminke, Kerstin ED - Aprea, Carmela ED - Traxler, Christian T1 - Anforderungen an die Altersvorsorge T2 - Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissenslücke Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-7799-8859-5 SP - 55 EP - 59 PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolfert, Sabine A1 - Schneekloth, Ulrich A1 - Traxler, Christian ED - Müllerleile, Hansjörg ED - Schminke, Kerstin ED - Aprea, Carmela ED - Traxler, Christian T1 - Sparen für die Altersvorsorge T2 - Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissenslücke Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-7799-8859-5 SP - 35 EP - 54 PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Traxler, Christian ED - Müllerleile, Hansjörg ED - Schminke, Kerstin ED - Aprea, Carmela ED - Traxler, Christian T1 - Rentenreform: Die Präferenzen der jungen Menschen T2 - Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen: MetallRente Studie 2025. Zwischen Handlungswille und Wissenslücke Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-7799-8859-5 SP - 105 EP - 109 PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Traeger, Charlotte A1 - Nolting, Fenja ED - Dorado, Silvia ED - Haugh, Helen ED - Wadhwani, R. Daniel ED - Hamann, Ralph T1 - Advancing Phenomenon-Based Research on Complex Societal Challenges: The Case of Homelessness T2 - Big Picture Approaches to the Impact of Social Innovations N2 - We advance organizational research on complex societal challenges and showcase the relevance of a system perspective to analyze organized efforts to address homelessness as a social problem. We adopt a phenomenon-based approach to theorizing and generate plausible explanations by analyzing historical accounts of decisions and actions taken to tackle homelessness by various actors across different sectors in the United States between 1960 and 2021. We apply an analytical scaffolding proposed by Mair and Seelos (2021) to examine how organizations intervene in social systems and explicate the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Attending to these three realms helps to reveal how homelessness was problematized differently over time and to examine how different causal assumptions shaped organizational decisions about developing and scaling solutions to homelessness. Based on our analysis, we develop a series of propositions that capture contextualized insights on the characteristics and consequences of efforts to address homelessness, accounting for linkages between the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Finally, our analytical and theoretical approach helps uncover the interconnectedness of scaling and scale, providing valuable insights for theory and policy. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-1-83608-528-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20250000096002 VL - 96 SP - 25 EP - 50 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas ED - Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo ED - Windeler, Arnold ED - Blättel-Mink, Birgit T1 - Social Entrepreneurship T2 - Handbook of Innovation N2 - Social entrepreneurship refers to the innovative use and combination of resources to address social problems and needs. Social entrepreneurship and social enterprises constitute an increasingly relevant form of organizing across different contexts, reflected in growing interest from policymakers in Europe and beyond. We provide an overview of definitional debates around social entrepreneurship and focus on institutional change and the pursuit of multiple goals as key characteristics of social entrepreneurship. These characteristics set social entrepreneurship apart from commercial entrepreneurship focused on providing products and services but also create unique challenges. On the one hand, as research on social entrepreneurship and institutional change has shown, social entrepreneurship involves the consideration of the context-specific nature of social problems and social innovations. In addition, scholarship on social entrepreneurship and the pursuit of multiple goals emphasizes a set of resulting demands on organizational governance, including ensuring accountability and acquiring resources while straddling diverse institutional contexts. Interrogating the existing literature in management, organization, and entrepreneurship studies on these aspects, our discussion offers a succinct and generative perspective on social entrepreneurship that helps to advance the study of social innovation. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-25143-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25143-6_25-1 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. ED - Nelson, Todd D. T1 - Changing Structures Along with People to Reduce Prejudice Using Field Experiments T2 - Advances in Prejudice Research Volume 1: New empirical and theoretical directions in prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination N2 - Prejudice researchers increasingly conceptualize prejudice as not only an individual-level construct but also a structural one. According to this view, prejudice is the manifestation of systems of oppression, such as racism, in people’s cognitions and affect. This chapter examines the implications of this novel understanding of prejudice as “structurally embedded” for how we study prejudice-reduction interventions. It argues that effective interventions must aim to change structures and reviews examples of studies that have already adopted this approach. These include studies examining how changes in policies, laws, and leadership; in physical and digital spaces; and in social space can reduce prejudice, as well as how changes in perceptions of societal structures through critical education can reduce prejudice. When structural change is not feasible, the chapter proposes two alternatives: (1) designing prejudice-reduction interventions, including light-touch ones, that, in addition to reducing prejudice, also motivate people to engage in collective action for structural change; and (2) designing prejudice-reduction interventions, including light-touch ones, that take advantage of structural affordances – objective features of the structural context that increase the likelihood of success. When reviewing current field experiments on prejudice reduction, the chapter discovers that these experiments already tend to change structures in addition to people’s affect and cognition, and therefore recommends using them more frequently. It concludes with a discussion of considerations for scholars designing field experiments on prejudice-reduction interventions, including methodological and ethical challenges, as well as reflections on the research process. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003528043-3 SP - 115 EP - 142 PB - Routledge CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Henke, Marina ED - Deni, John R. ED - Rathke, Jeffrey D. T1 - Germany’s National Security Strategy: Is It Helping or Hurting the Zeitenwende? T2 - Assessing the Zeitenwende: Implications for Germany, the United States, and Transatlantic Security Y1 - 2025 UR - https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/Regional-Issues/European-Security/Assessing-the-Zeitenwende/ SN - 9781584878629 SP - 7 EP - 16 PB - US Army War College Press CY - United States of America ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Bassi, Andrea ED - Aquino Alves, Mario ED - Cordery, Carolyn T1 - Third-Sector Research: Ubi eras, Quo vadis? T2 - The Future of Third Sector Research: From Theory to Definitions, Classifications and Aggregation Towards New Research Paths N2 - Third Sector, or nonprofit, research has made tremendous strides since the field's inception half a century ago in the context of developed liberal market economies. In the US, an interdisciplinary group of social scientists started to form in the early 1970s that was originally primarily concerned with local voluntary initiatives, self-help and other grassroots amateur groups, or what David Horton Smith (Smith, 2016) later referred to as voluntaristics. Subsequent economic theorizing (cf. Hansmann, 1987) pushed research agendas towards examinations of more formal nonprofit organizations. In Europe, related, yet different, research traditions at the time focused on associational life, cooperative and communal economics, and the social economy, encompassing a variety of cooperative and mutual enterprises. By contrast, in the countries of the Global South, where colonial legal frameworks were superimposed on indigenous legal systems, organizational forms and cultures, remained outside the focus of these initial efforts. Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783031678967 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67896-7_20 SP - 229 EP - 248 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Howlett, Michael ED - Mukherjee, Ishani T1 - Variations of policy advisory systems: taking stock T2 - Handbook of Policy Advice Y1 - 2025 SN - 9781035318070 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035318087 SP - 600 EP - 608 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Limited CY - Cheltenham, UK & Northampton, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veit, Sylvia A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Bach, Tobias ED - Capano, Giliberto ED - Craft, Jonathan ED - Howlett, Michael T1 - Dynamics Of Change In Internal Policy Advisory Systems: The hybridization of advisory capacities in Germany T2 - The Routledge Handbook Of Policy Advisory Systems Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.routledge.com/The-Routledge-Handbook-of-Policy-Advisory-Systems/Capano-Craft-Howlett/p/book/9781032737454?srsltid=AfmBOoq8AGN8n5-LE0TwJvZnUE8m3Hp38_wOzU2vc6ld7o8P9bNdgcv5 SN - 978-1-032-73745-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003465720 SP - 458 EP - 475 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon and New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bryson, Joanna ED - Raue, Benjamin ED - von Ungern-Sternberg, Antje ED - Kumkar, Lea Katharina ED - Rüfner, Thomas T1 - From Definition to Regulation: Is the European Union Getting AI Right? T2 - Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Rights: The AI Act of the European Union and its implications for global technology regulation Y1 - 2025 SN - 9783565013197 U6 - https://doi.org/10.25353/ubtr-dab1-9b5c-1ec6 VL - 4 SP - 11 EP - 34 PB - Verein für Recht und Digitalisierung e.V. Institute for Digital LawTrier (IRDT) CY - Trier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schmauk, Sarah ED - Mortelmans, Dimitri ED - Bernardi, Laura ED - Perelli-Harris, Brienna T1 - Widowhood and grey divorce T2 - Research Handbook on Partnering across the Life Course N2 - The death of a partner and union dissolution both mark the endpoint of a partnership. However, as these events previously primarily occurred at different life course stages, they have generally been investigated in separate strands of literature. With the growing prevalence of divorce at later ages, however, research on widowhood and “grey divorce” has moved closer together. This chapter examines whether and to what extent the findings on the consequences of grey divorce mirror the existing results on the consequences of widowhood. Attention is also given to the different ways in which welfare states buffer the adverse effects of the death of a partner and divorce on individuals’ economic wellbeing at advanced ages. While this chapter seeks to summarize achievements regarding grey divorce research, we conclude with a critical discussion, which, among other things, reflects on the use of universal and fixed cut-off ages (such as age 50) to define grey divorce. Y1 - 2025 SN - 9781803923383 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923383.00022 SP - 178 EP - 190 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wallace, Helen A1 - Reh, Christine A1 - Minetto, Francesca ED - Wallace, Helen ED - Pollack, Mark A. ED - Young, Alasdair R. T1 - An Institutional Anatomy and Five Policy Modes T2 - Policy-Making in the European Union Y1 - 2025 SN - 9780198912408 SP - 81 EP - 118 PB - Oxford University Press ET - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Palier, Bruno ED - Regini, Marino T1 - The political economy of the welfare state: from power resources to varieties of capitalism to growth strategies T2 - Handbook of Comparative Political Economy N2 - The chapter reviews the recent advances in comparative political economy for social policy development. Welfare state research has long been divided between those who assume that social policy is adopted by governments against markets and those who emphasize the productive effects of social policies for the functioning of markets. Recently, we can observe a synthesis of both approaches in the framework of growth and welfare regimes. This new literature situates the welfare state as an important component of the political economy of advanced economies and assumes that governments situate their social policy reforms in wider growth strategies. The chapter develops the argument in four steps. First, we present a historical perspective on the welfare state. Second, we identify the contributions of the productive role of the welfare state and introduce the notion of growth regimes and their connections to welfare regimes. The next section presents five types of growth strategies and social policy reform. Finally, we address the political support for the welfare state in different growth regimes. Y1 - 2025 SN - 9781035327775 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035327782.00025 SP - 234 EP - 251 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Wriedt, Vera ED - Chetail, Vincent T1 - Regional Human Rights Courts T2 - Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Migration and Asylum Law Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802204155.00085 SP - 461 EP - 467 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Lee, Pit Jasper ED - Ebbinghaus, Bernhard ED - Nelson, Moira T1 - Growth regimes and welfare state reforms T2 - Handbook on Welfare State Reform N2 - This chapter proposes a growth-regime perspective for understanding welfare state reforms. Welfare states are closely linked to the economy, shaping supply and demand. To boost growth and employment, governments resort to welfare state reforms. Combining the supply-side perspective of the Varieties of Capitalism and the growth-model perspective's focus on aggregate demand, a comprehensive analysis of growth regimes helps explain the choices governments face when engaging with reform agendas. We demonstrate how the growing digital economy connects with education policies. Demand-led growth strategies link with financialization on the supply side. The regulation of private pensions and housing markets has become subject of policy reforms as new growth engines while having profound repercussions on the welfare state. Thus, national growth strategies affect welfare state institutions and vice versa. The chapter concludes by providing an outlook on how different growth regimes are affected by current crises. Y1 - 2025 SN - 9781839108792 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839108808.00013 SP - 51 EP - 65 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Weil, Kilian ED - Hassel, Anke ED - Schroeder, Wolfgang T1 - Gelingt der Übergang von fossilen zu grünen Arbeitsplätzen? T2 - Was wird aus der Arbeit? N2 - Die grüne Transformation hat unmittelbare Auswirkungen auf den Arbeitsmarkt. 1 Die angestrebte Entwicklung von fossilen hin zu grünen Arbeitsplätzen stellt Unternehmen und Beschäftigte in Deutschland vor große Herausforderungen. Lange beruhte der wirtschaftliche Erfolg Deutschlands nicht nur auf Exporten von energie-und fossilintensiven Gütern und zugleich auch der Energiemix hauptsächlich auf fossilen Brennstoffen. Für eine deutliche Reduzierung von Emissionen müssen bestimmte Industrien ab-und andere umgebaut werden. Im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien entstehen neue Arbeitsplätze. Insgesamt geht es also um einen tiefgreifenden Strukturwandel von zuvor emissionsintensiven sogenannten braunen zu emissionsschwachen grünen Arbeitsplätzen. Für die OECD-Länder wird erwartet, dass die Dekarbonisierung der Wirtschaft zu einem Nettogewinn an Arbeitsplätzen führt (Chateau und Mavroeidi 2020). Die Europäische Kommission rechnet mit einem Wachstum von über 1 Million neuer Arbeitsplätze bis 2030, wobei die europäische grüne Technologie zu einem Vorreiter für wachsende Exportmärkte werden soll (EC 2021). Aggregierte Trends geben jedoch keinen Aufschluss über das Ausmaß der Anpassungen, die für einzelne Arbeitnehmer: innen und Unternehmen erforderlich sind, und verdecken eine erhebliche Heterogenität zwischen Regionen und Sektoren. Konkret heißt dies, dass der Bedarf nach zusätzlichen Arbeitskräften in erneuerbaren Energien, zB in der Wind-oder Solarenergie oder bei Wärmepumpen, regional anders verteilt sind als die Arbeitsplätze, die im Kohlebergbau oder der Automobilindustrie… Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/was_wird_aus_der_arbeit-18483.html# SN - 9783593520377 SP - 211 EP - 216 PB - Campus Verlag CY - Frankfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Lee, Pit Jasper ED - Hassel, Anke ED - Schroeder, Wolfgang T1 - Wie kann die Tarifbindung in Deutschland gesteigert werden? T2 - Was wird aus der Arbeit? N2 - Gewerkschaften und Arbeitgeber auf Unternehmensebene, gilt die Tarifbindung nur für das jeweilige Unternehmen und es ist schwieriger, die Tarifbindung durch den Abschluss einzelner Vereinbarungen mit einzelnen Unternehmen zu erhöhen. Verhandeln die Sozialpartner hingegen auf sektoraler oder nationaler Ebene, ist es viel wahrscheinlicher, dass eine größere Gruppe von Unternehmen, wenn nicht sogar alle, von der Vereinbarung erfasst wird (Abbildung 1). Die Zentralisierung der Lohnverhandlung korreliert mit der Tarifbindung mit einem Wert von 0, 88. Andere Einflussfaktoren umfassen die Möglichkeit der Allgemeinverbindlichkeit von Tarifverträgen (Korrelationskoeffizient 0, 61), die Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft (0, 55) sowie dem Grad der Koordination und staatlicher Eingriffe. Die hohen Korrelationswerte zeigen, dass die Tarifbindung das Ergebnis von sich wechselseitig beeinflussender Faktoren ist, das auf rechtlichen Mechanismen, Institutionen und starken Akteuren beruht. Warum ist die Tarifbindungen in Deutschland in den letzten Jahrzenten gesunken? Es lassen sich drei zentrale Gründe für die Erosion der Tarifbindung ausmachen. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/was_wird_aus_der_arbeit-18483.html# SN - 9783593520377 SP - 165 EP - 170 PB - Campus Verlag CY - Frankfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Di Carlo, Donato ED - Hassel, Anke ED - Palier, Bruno T1 - Germany: Adjustments of an Export-Led Growth Regime T2 - Growth Strategies and Welfare Reforms: How Nations Cope with Economic Transitions N2 - This chapter traces the evolution of Germany’s export-led growth regime across three distinct phases, focusing on the interplay between the growth regime and governments’ economic and social policy reforms. In the first phase (1990–2007), post-reunification challenges led to wage restraint, fiscal consolidation, and labor market dualization to restore competitiveness and strengthen exports. The second phase (2007–2019) saw a partial rebalancing, with labor market reregulation and moderate public investment addressing structural weaknesses. In the third phase (2020 onward), crises like COVID-19 and the energy shock prompted a shift toward interventionist industrial policy and Keynesian fiscal measures. These phases underscore how economic policies have evolved to sustain Germany’s export-driven model amidst shifting pressures and priorities. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198947516.003.0002 SP - 48 EP - 84 PB - Oxford Academic ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hadziabdic, Sinisa A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Palier, Bruno ED - Hassel, Anke ED - Palier, Bruno T1 - Growth and Welfare Regimes: A Quantitative Comparative Analysis T2 - Growth Strategies and Welfare Reforms: How Nations Cope with Economic Transitions N2 - Adopting a quantitative comparative approach with a focus on welfare spending, this chapter provides a standardized comparative analysis of the welfare regimes associated with each growth regime across space and time. It confirms the relevance of the five growth and welfare regimes identified by Hassel and Palier (2021 and Chapter 1 of this volume). It shows that expenditure on old age is rising across the board. At the same time, growing pressure to implement social investment policies appears to be playing a role in the reorientation of welfare spending. However, the pace of change is related to the pre-existing legacy and the balance of power between social strata, with dualized welfare regimes being the slowest to increase social investment and socially inclusive or market-based systems being the fastest to further extend their lead in this area. The latter are also the regimes with the largest increases in private welfare spending. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198947516.003.0013 SP - 397 EP - 440 PB - Oxford Academic ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Lee, Pit Jasper A1 - Weil, Kilian ED - Schroeder, Wolfgang ED - Greef, Samuel T1 - Gewerkschaftsmodelle im internationalen Vergleich T2 - Handbuch Gewerkschaften in Deutschland N2 - Dieser Beitrag vergleicht Gewerkschaftsmodelle moderner Industriegesellschaften international. Historische Entstehungspfade, institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen und politische Verflechtungen ergeben vier grundlegende Modelle: sozialpartnerschaftlich, korporatistisch, politisch und liberal. Trotz gemeinsamer Trends wie rückläufiger Mitgliederzahlen sind weiterhin nationale Faktoren wie die Zentralisierung von Tarifsystemen, staatliche Unterstützung, Organisationsmacht und Handlungsstrategien prägend. Insbesondere staatliche Interventionen können neue Handlungsfelder eröffnen, aber auch strukturelle Anpassungszwänge verstärken. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-48294-7_22 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Beblo, Miriam A1 - Boll, Christina ED - Hassel, Anke ED - Schroeder, Wolfgang T1 - Was bedeutet die Diversität der Familienformen für den Arbeitsmarkt? T2 - Was wird aus der Arbeit? Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/was_wird_aus_der_arbeit-18483.html SN - 9783593520377 SP - 107 EP - 112 PB - Campus CY - Frankfurt ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke ED - Vandaele, Kurt ED - Rainone, Silvia T1 - The limits of fissurisation in platform work: the case of food delivery T2 - The Elgar Companion to Regulating Platform Work: Insights from the Food Delivery Sector Y1 - 2025 SN - 9781035321131 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Henke, Marina ED - Janusch, Holger ED - Dörfler, Thomas T1 - Kann Deutschland strategisch denken? Eine vergleichende Analyse der ersten deutschen Sicherheitsstrategie T2 - Integrierte Sicherheit für Deutschland? Die Nationale Sicherheitsstrategie der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. ZfP Sonderband 13 N2 - Dieser Beitrag analysiert und evaluiert die erste Nationale Sicherheits strategie Deutschlands. Zuerst wird erläutert, warum die Forschung zu Grand Strategy die Entwicklung einer solchen Strategie als vorteilhaft erachtet, und es werden best practices beschrieben, die als Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Strategieentwicklung dienen können. Daran anschließend wird die Sicherheitsstrategie untersucht und bewertet. Das Fazit lautet wie folgt: Die Sicherheitsstrategie weist erhebliche Mängel auf. Das kann politische Gründe haben, aber auch daran liegen, dass es in Deutschland derzeit keine intellektuelle Infrastruk tur gibt, die strategisches Denken fördert. Die Bundesregierung sollte in den Wiederaufbau einer solchen Infrastruktur investieren. Die Zeitenwende erfordert nicht nur eine Erhöhung der Verteidigungsausgaben, sondern auch die Entwicklung eines deutschen Verständnisses von Strategie. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-7560-0190-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748951094-33 SP - 33 EP - 50 PB - Nomos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schmauck, Sarah A1 - Mika, Tatjana ED - Karger-Kroll, Anna ED - Schäfers, Lars T1 - Der Wandel der Lebensformen und seine Bedeutung für die Alterssicherung in Deutschland T2 - Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplinären Sondierung der Alterssicherung Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-7560-1712-6 PB - Nomos ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan ED - Renz, David O. ED - Brown, William A. ED - Andersson, Fredrik O. T1 - The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges T2 - The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-1-394-19887-0 SP - 7 EP - 29 PB - Jossey-Bass ET - 5th ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Naujoks, Tabea ED - Böhnke, Petra ED - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Arbeitsteilung in Partnerschaften und soziale Ungleichheit T2 - Handbuch Sozialstrukturanalyse N2 - Im Zentrum des folgenden Beitrags steht die Darstellung des Zusammenhangs von Arbeitsteilung in Partnerschaften und sozialer Ungleichheit. Dabei behandeln wir nicht nur die Aufteilung von Haus- und Sorgearbeit in bestehenden Partnerschaften, sondern gehen auch auf die Bedeutung der geschlechtlichen Arbeitsteilung für soziale Ungleichheit nach Trennung und Scheidung ein. Wir diskutieren darüber hinaus die Rolle sozialpolitischer Rahmenbedingungen die Anreize für eine geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilung in Paarhaushalten setzen, und die individuellen Kosten dieser in der Nachtrennungszeit bestimmen. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-658-39759-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39759-3_49-1 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - de Witte, Bruno A1 - Muir, Elise ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Introduction: locating judicial politics T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The Court inhabits a ‘political space’ to which it is called upon to respond. This points to its need to develop cooperative relationships not only with courts but also with political actors (such as national governments and the EU legislature) and even to directly address and explain decisions to EU citizens themselves. This book is aimed at answering the question of ‘How does the CJEU position itself as a political as well as a legal actor?’ with a view to better understanding the work of the Court and addressing its contestation. For that purpose, we explore in this introductory chapter what is meant by judicial ‘activism’ and judicial ‘politics’, before examining the different varieties of judicial politics our authors have shown an interest in. This will pave the way to drawing some lessons on the factors to take into account when seeking to address and respond to contestation of the work of the Court. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00006 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Revisiting Europe’s ‘law-politics imbalance’ T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The aim of this chapter is to consider whether accusations of judicial activism towards the European Courts are rooted not in the activity of the CJEU per se but rather a wider ‘imbalance’ between law and politics in the present-day EU. Revisiting an earlier chapter, the chapter considers three sources of such an imbalance: the gap between the jurisdiction of the CJEU and the EU’s legislative competence; judicial reasoning at the EU level; and the imbalance in the EU between market and non-market objectives. While the chapter argues that the EU retains such an imbalance, recent developments, particularly the increasing dynamism of the EU legislature, have significantly narrowed the gap between the EU’s political and legal capacities in the last decade. As the chapter will conclude, the EU carries a less institutionally ‘lonely’ Court than in the past, providing the Union’s judiciary with greater leverage to temper activist claims. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00007 SP - 17 EP - 33 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - Peters, Anne ED - Sparks, Tom T1 - Global Constitutionalism and the Individual T2 - The Individual in International Law: History and Theory Y1 - 2024 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-individual-in-international-law-9780198898917?cc=de&lang=en&# SN - 9780198898917 SP - 321 EP - 340 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Durmuş, Betül A1 - Eskitaşçıoğlu, İlayda ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Turkey T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_021 SP - 1225 EP - 1272 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rykkja, Lise H. A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Klijn, Erik Hans A1 - Verhoest, Koen ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Introduction: collaborating for digital transformation in the public sector T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation: How Internal and External Collaboration Can Contribute to Innovate Public Service Delivery Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781803923888 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 2 EP - 12 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Rackwitz, Maike ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Intergovernmental collaboration in the context of digital transformation: state-of-the-art and theoretical notions T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 31 EP - 51 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Verhoest, Koen A1 - Klijn, Erik Hans A1 - Rykkja, Lise H. A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Collaboration for digital transformation: so much more than just technology T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 241 EP - 267 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Leadership for intergovernmental collaboration towards digital transformation T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 124 EP - 143 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sękowska-Kozłowska, Katarzyna A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna A1 - Grygiel-Zasada, Joanna A1 - Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Poland T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_016 SP - 823 EP - 898 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leininger, Arndt A1 - Murr, Andreas E. A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Kayser, Mark A. ED - Schoen, Harald ED - Weßels, Bernhard T1 - Bürger:innenprognosen in einem Mischwahlsystem: Die deutsche Bundestagswahl 2021 als Testfall T2 - Wahlen und Wähler N2 - Wie viele Wahlkreise gewinnt welche Partei bei der Bundestagswahl? Diese Frage war im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2021 trotz des deutschen Mischwahlsystems unter Fachleuten wie auch einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit von besonderem Interesse. Diesem Bedarf an Vorhersagen bedient in jüngerer Zeit eine zunehmende Zahl von Prognosemodellen, die sich jedoch fast ausschließlich auf die Zweitstimme abzielen. Für Wahlkreise gibt es nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch in reinen Mehrheitswahlsystemen, kaum relevante Umfragen. Wir führten daher eine Wahlerwartungsumfrage durch, um den Wahlausgang in jedem einzelnen Bundestagswahlkreis zu prognostizieren. Wir nennen unseren Ansatz Bürger:innenprognose, weil er auf den Erwartungen der Bürger:innen über das Wahlverhalten ihrer Mitbürger:innen beruht und nicht auf deren selbstberichteten Wahlabsichten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir unsere Bürger:innenprognose vor, evaluieren ihre Genauigkeit und vergleichen sie mit anderen Ansätzen zur Wahlprognose. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783658426934 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42694-1_15 SP - 383 EP - 411 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steininger, Silvia A1 - Paige, Tamsin Phillipa ED - González Hauck, Sué ED - Kunz, Raffaela ED - Milas, Max T1 - 4.2 Interdisciplinarity T2 - Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003451327-5/methods-su%C3%A9-gonz%C3%A1lez-hauck-max-milas-silvia-steininger-tamsin-phillipa-paige?context=ubx&refId=5bdaf8e6-ea7d-43fe-a8e2-64a43ad21f5b SN - 9781003451327 SP - 128 EP - 140 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Radtke, Ina ED - Sager, Fritz ED - Mavrot, Céline ED - Keiser, Lael T1 - Coordination and Policy Implementation T2 - Handbook of Public Policy Implementation Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-public-policy-implementation-9781800885899.html SN - 9781800885899 SP - 429 EP - 436 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Henke, Marina ED - Mirow, Thomas T1 - Deutschlands strategische Optionen T2 - Die Deutschen: Wer wir sind. Wer wir sein wollen. Berichte zur Lage der Nation Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783867748100 SP - 131 EP - 159 PB - Murmann Verlag ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bunde, Tobias ED - Kühn, Ulrich T1 - Nuclear Zeitenwende(n): Germany and NATO's Nuclear Posture T2 - Germany and Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century: Atomic Zeitenwende? Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781003341161 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003341161-7 SP - 87 EP - 111 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting ED - Lynch, Daniel ED - Rosen, Stanley T1 - Xi Jinping’s Partnership with Technology Companies and Social Media Platforms T2 - Chinese Politics: The Xi Jinping Difference N2 - Contrary to conventional wisdom, even Xi Jinping, who is often depicted in the media and pundit world as having centralized control over nearly every dimension of Chinese governance, still must rely on powerful technology corporations to carry out his will in the increasingly important Internet sector. This suggests a model of political control significantly more nuanced than most observers realize. This chapter argues that Xi Jinping does not rule the Internet and more specifically social media via a tight command-and-control structure, which implies that he is the ultimate decision-maker and companies simply implement his policy decisions. Instead, the chapter demonstrates based on process-tracing that China’s governance of the Internet is best understood as a corporate management model, whereby the Chinese state engages in a partnership with technology companies. Xi Jinping assumes a leadership role enforced by state instruments of control and cooptation strategies. At the same time, the state remains dependent on companies due to their informational, organizational, and institutional resources. KW - China Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781032191522 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003257943-5 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gläßel, Christian A1 - González, Belén A1 - Scharpf, Adam ED - Lindstaedt, Natasha ED - Van den Bosch, Jeroen J.J. T1 - The authoritarian security apparatus: officer careers and the trade-offs in command T2 - Research Handbook on Authoritarianism Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781802204827 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802204827.00014 SP - 111 EP - 126 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nugraha, Ignatius Yordan ED - Vanhullebusch, Matthias ED - Forster, Steve ED - Stanford, Ben T1 - Deferring to Consensus and Procedural Rationality: Assessing the European Court of Human Rights’ Approach to Majoritarian Will T2 - The Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law N2 - The purpose of this paper is to explore how the European Court of Human Rights has tackled majoritarian will when dealing with ‘hard cases’ of human rights. Under its jurisprudence, the Court has long relied on the existence of a ‘European consensus’ to interpret the European Convention on Human Rights. However, the Court has inconsistently shifted between deference to and rejection of internal consensus, which refers to the prevailing view held by the majority in a particular state. On the one hand, the Court has deferred to an internal consensus that favours restrictions on abortion, but on the other hand, in cases concerning sexual minorities, it has rejected the use of internal consensus to restrict rights. At the same time, with the Court undergoing a procedural turn where the assessment of proportionality is focused on the quality of domestic decision-making rather than a substantive analysis, today the Court is more likely to defer to reasoned and thoughtful internal consensus, which indicates a new Strasbourg-style majoritarian approach to human rights. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-90-04-70647-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004706477_007 VL - 8 SP - 166 EP - 198 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Weil, Kilian ED - Carcillo, Stéphane ED - Scarpetta, Stefano T1 - Social Dialogue in Transition T2 - Handbook on Labour Markets in Transition: Promoting Resilience in a World in Flux Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-on-labour-markets-in-transition-9781839106941.html?srsltid=AfmBOooukbk5uScRbIY8ObBidObj2WQMU3YblWbW7xHslPJD09t-6wS4 SN - 978 1 83910 694 1 SP - 279 EP - 299 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - List, Regina A. ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Toepler, Stefan T1 - Theories of Nonprofit Sector, Economic T2 - International Encyclopedia of Civil Society KW - Civil Society KW - Sociology Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-319-99675-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_805-1 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Prasad, Shubha Kamala A1 - Arora, Maneesh A1 - Sadhwani, Sara T1 - Attitudes of the Indian-American Diaspora towards Politics in India T2 - Global India N2 - Diaspora communities are not homogeneous entities even if they are characterized as such for analytical convenience. Often, members of the diaspora carry their political attitudes from their country of origin, which the next generation might also inherit. Given that political preferences in the country of origin might vary significantly, members of the diaspora should also have different political preferences. To test this variation, we explore the internal cleavages of the Indian-American community using a national sample of 1,003 members of this community. We find significant differences by political identity, religion, age, and state of origin in India on evaluations of politicians and policy in India. Moreover, we find that Indian-Americans are not only divided in their attitudes towards politics in India, but that the same factors predict differences in evaluating both politicians and policy in the United States (US). Our results contribute to our understanding of Indian American attitudes, and also offer clues to how diaspora communities carry their political predispositions with them to their destination country, as well as how the diaspora remains as a vital element in – and stimulus on – Indian foreign policy. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781003305132 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003305132-16 SP - 208 EP - 225 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Clarke, Matthew ED - Zhao, Xinyu (Andy) T1 - Corruption and Development T2 - Elgar Encyclopedia of Development Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/elgar-encyclopedia-of-development-9781800372115.html SN - 978 1 80037 211 5 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sarmiento, Daniel A1 - van den Brink, Martijn ED - Kochenov, Dimitry ED - Surak, Kristin T1 - EU competence and investor migration T2 - Citizenship and Residence Sales: Rethinking the Boundaries of Belonging N2 - In this chapter, we examine the issue of competence to confer residence and citizenship based on a donation or investment in the light of international and European law as they stand today. We show that the national competence to do this is part of the sovereign nature of the modern state, which implies the ability to create a people and delimit the scope of the population granted a right to settle in the national territory, underpinned by rules behind such delimitation. We also explain why investment migration per se cannot be presented as unlawful and outlines the avenues for the eventual disciplining of its offshoots in areas unrelated to migration as such, thus connecting particularly well with Peter Spiro’s analysis of relevant international law. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781108492874 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108675123.009 SP - 183 EP - 206 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Die Kompetenzkrise der Medien beginnt im Medienmanagement T2 - Deep Journalism. Domänenkompetenz als redaktioneller Erfolgsfaktor Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.halem-verlag.de/produkt/deep-journalism/ SN - 9783869626604 PB - Herbert von Halem Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rintamäki, Jukka A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Foster, William M. A1 - Zundel, Mike ED - Decker, Stephanie ED - Foster, William M. ED - Giovannoni, Elena T1 - The interview and researching collective memory T2 - Handbook of Historical Methods for Management Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-historical-methods-for-management-9781800883734.html SN - 9781800883734 SP - 412 EP - 424 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - Chapter 15: The Continental tradition of ministerial advice: no institutional home for ministerial advisers? T2 - Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers N2 - The chapter examines ministerial advisory structures in Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands and discusses if and how their emergence and roles are linked to the Continental administrative tradition - one which emphasises the rule of law, and a procedural orientation within and political responsiveness of the standing bureaucracy. The chapter reviews the state of the research on ministerial advisers in the three countries and finds various similarities. In all three contexts ministerial advisory positions have emerged: however, they are less formalised and have received less attention than their counterparts in other parts of the world in recent years. KW - Ministerial advisers KW - Continental tradition KW - Rechtsstaat KW - Weberian bureaucracy KW - Politicisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00025 SP - 221 EP - 231 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bach, Tobias A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - Chapter 23: Policy-making in the executive triangle: a comparative perspective on ministers, advisers, and civil servants T2 - Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers N2 - This chapter seeks to bridge existing research on the politicisation of top civil servants and the roles of ministerial advisers by proposing a new conceptual approach for the comparative analysis of executive policy-making. We conceive of the executive triangle as a set of interdependent relationships between ministers, civil servants, and advisers. Those relationships may take different forms, depending on the distinct tasks performed by each actor and their roles in policy-making, which define mutual expectations. Thus understood, the executive triangle is an institution performing particular functions in policy-making (such as assessing policy alternatives, anticipating political support, and coordinating with other actors both inside and outside government). Those functions are performed by actors within the triangle and reflected in their roles and their direct and indirect relationships. The chapter conceptually explores such a system-perspective on the executive triangle; sketches analytical dimensions for understanding similarities and differences of executive triangles across contexts; provides empirical illustrations of variations of the executive triangle in Europe; and develops a research agenda using this concept to better understand the roles of ministers, ministerial advisers, and top civil servants in executive policy-making in a comparative perspective. KW - Civil servants KW - Comparative public administration KW - Executive triangle KW - Ministerial advisers KW - Policy advice KW - Politicisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00034 SP - 338 EP - 351 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Daub, Sara ED - Moghadam, Assaf ED - Rauta, Vladimir ED - Wyss, Michel T1 - Diasporas and Proxy Wars T2 - Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars N2 - This chapter discusses the role of diasporas in connection with proxy wars. It argues that diaspora support differs from external state support in important ways, from the sources and motivations of support to the means and types of support provided. Diasporas are often drawn into the conflict by kinship support or feelings of guilt, and often send foreign fighters or financial support to their kin, rather than direct military support. Diasporas are also more susceptible to pressures by rebel groups to provide support, and their assistance tends to be more reliable than that of state sponsors. Finally, diasporas have greater stakes in reducing harm to civilians than most state supporters and will therefore be inclined to support long-term solutions, including those involving rebel governance. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003174066-19/diasporas-proxy-wars-sara-daub?context=ubx&refId=f3b05beb-94d0-4d7f-a4af-bfd9a631ee6e SN - 9781003174066 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 1st ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Leininger, Arndt ED - Hellwig, Timothy ED - Singer, Matthew T1 - The Economy and Chancellor Approval in Germany: A Cautionary Tale about Data Vintages and Measurement T2 - Economics and Politics Revisited: Executive Approval and the New Calculus of Support Y1 - 2023 SN - 9780192871664 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - von Schnurbein, Georg T1 - Das Problem mit der Philantropie T2 - Gutes tun oder es besser lassen? Philanthropie zwischen Kritik und Anerkennung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.merianverlag.ch/produkt/kultur-und-gesellschaft/gutes-tun-oder-es-besser-lassen/d56e67eb-a50b-4860-92ee-9bc103e0d5de.html SN - 978-3-03969-012-1 SP - 37 EP - 50 PB - Christoph Merian Verlag CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Darius, Philipp ED - Faas, Thorsten ED - Huber, Sascha ED - Krewel, Mona ED - Roßteutscher, Sigrid T1 - KI und datengesteuerte Kampagnen: Eine Diskussion der Rolle generativer KI im politischen Wahlkampf T2 - Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie: Festschrift für Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783756008001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553 VL - Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung. Band 35 SP - 199 EP - 211 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bunde, Tobias ED - Mayer, Sebastian T1 - Social constructivism T2 - Research Handbook on NATO N2 - From a social constructivist perspective, NATO is not just another alliance or security institution, but the institutional embodiment of the transatlantic security community, which is based on a collective identity of liberal democracies. This collective identity serves as the main explanatory factor for social constructivist research dealing with NATO’s creation, its specific institutional design and its unique culture of consultation. It also helps understand NATO’s persistence after the end of the Cold War, its enlargement and its (liberal) out-of-area operations and missions in the post-Cold War period. Constructivism has become one of the key theoretical approaches in NATO research, offering a broader view of the Alliance and accounting for empirical anomalies that competitors fail to explain. Still, constructivist research has arguably not yet reached its full potential and could offer additional insights into NATO’s past, presence and future. These lacunae are addressed in the chapter. KW - NATO KW - Social constructivism KW - Transatlantic security community KW - Security cooperation KW - Identity KW - Liberal-democratic values Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781839103384 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839103391.00014 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Limited CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - Introduction: The Accountability Impasse of the EU’s New Economic Governance T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance N2 - This chapter serves as the general introduction to the volume. It discusses two major impasses plaguing EMU in the 2020s: the first, a clash between politicization of EMU decisions, on the one hand, and an institutional structure designed to reject political conflict, on the other; the second, a scholarly impasse between those analysing EMU accountability comparatively and those doing so through EMU specific standards. The chapter briefly introduces the core concepts used in the volume as a means of overcoming this impasse: the distinction between procedural and substantive accountability as well as the normative goods framework developed in Chapter 1. It finally provides an overview of the structure and content of the volume, concluding with a plea to focus scholarly attention on EMUs substantive accountability deficits. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.001 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akbik, Adina A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - From Procedural to Substantive Accountability in EMU Governance T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance N2 - This chapter provides the volumes general conceptual framework. It begins by addressing why new approaches to accountability are needed, arguing that accountability literature has reached a stalemate as a result of an impasse between deductive and inductive approaches to accountability in the EU. It then argues that overcoming the stalemate requires developing a generalised framework of what accountability is for, deriving four accountability goods to be used in subsequent chapters. The chapter argues that each of the goods can be delivered in procedural or substantive ways, focusing either on the process by which decisions are made or the substantive worth of decisions themselves. The chapter concludes by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of both varieties of accountability before mapping out how the concepts will be applied across policy fields and institutions in subsequent chapters. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.003 SP - 19 EP - 44 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akbik, Adina ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - The Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup: Substantive Accountability Claimed, but Unmet T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance N2 - As the most powerful executive actor in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the Eurogroup has faced continuous demands to improve its accountability record since the euro crisis. One reform introduced to meet these demands were the Economic Dialogue – a regular exchange of views between the European Parliament and the President of the Eurogroup designed to ‘ensure greater transparency and accountability’ in the EMU. This chapter investigates the practical functioning of the Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup between 2013 and the 2019 European Parliament elections. Applying the theoretical framework of the introduction, the purpose is to examine the extent to which the Parliament focuses on procedural or substantive accountability when questioning the Eurogroup President. Moreover, the chapter investigates the reasoning of parliamentary questions in line with the four accountability goods identified at the outset (openness, non-arbitrariness, effectiveness, and publicness). The findings show that Members of the European Parliament are eager to question the extent to which Eurogroup decisions are substantively open and effective, and to a lesser extent whether they are arbitrary or protect EU interests more generally. The analysis is based on fourteen transcripts of Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup President, which took place between 2013 and 2019. KW - Accountability; Eurogroup; European Parliament; Council of the EU; Economic Dialogue; European Semester; ESM Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.010 SP - 154 EP - 176 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bobić, Ana ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - Constructive Constitutional Conflict as an Accountability Device in Monetary Policy T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.012 SP - 197 EP - 316 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Rau, Sandra ED - Madoff, Ray ED - Soskis, Benjamin T1 - Time-Limited Foundations: Comparative Perspectives from Europe T2 - Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-5381-3176-3 SP - 177 EP - 195 PB - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers CY - Lanham, Maryland ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Lemay, Isabelle A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM’s Immigration Detention Practices and Policies: Human Rights, Positive Obligations and Humanitarian Duties T2 - IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - This chapter analyses IOM’s practices and policies on immigration detention from the 1990s to date, spanning a period of significant change in its approaches to detention. The chapter first distills pertinent international human rights law (IHRL) on migration-related detention, and then examines IOM’s normative statements concerning detention. It shows that while IOM generally emphasises international legal standards, it also tends to stress states’ ‘prerogative’ to detain, frame alternatives to detention (ATDs) as a desirable option rather than a legal obligation, and weave an operational role for itself, notably through assisted voluntary returns (AVRs). The chapter then interrogates IOM’s involvement in detention through four case studies. These reveal not only IOM’s changing role regarding detention, but its enduring part in a global system whereby powerful states and regions seek to contain protection seekers ‘elsewhere.’ The chapter concludes that, without constitutional and institutional change to ensure it meets its positive human rights obligations, and deeper critical reflection on its humanitarian duties, IOM’s practice risks expanding and legitimating detention. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175.016 SP - 360 EP - 396 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Welfens, Natalie ED - Scharrer, Tabea ED - Glorius, Birgit ED - Kleist, J. Olaf ED - Berlinghoff, Marcel T1 - Resettlement T2 - Flucht- und Flüchtlingsforschung: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783748921905 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748921905 SP - 489 EP - 496 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Henningsen, Bernd T1 - Die Verwaltungssysteme T2 - Nordeuropa: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8487-8699-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748930914-253 SP - 253 EP - 261 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Arránz Becker, Oliver ED - Hank, Karsten ED - Steinbach, Anja T1 - Sozialstruktur und Familienformen T2 - Handbuch Familiensoziologie N2 - Dieser Beitrag gibt auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus einen Überblick über den Wandel der Familienformen in Deutschland. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit alleinerziehende, nichteheliche und eheliche Familien sozialstrukturell differenziert sind und in welchem Ausmaß sich die ökonomische Lebenslage der verschiedenen Familienformen unterscheidet. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-35218-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35219-6_26 SP - 657 EP - 674 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - van Aaken, Anne ED - d'Argent, Pierre ED - Mälksoo, Lauri ED - Vasel, Johann Justus T1 - Human Rights Ideas, Law, and Institutions in Europe T2 - The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Europe N2 - This chapter introduces the contribution of Europe to the development of human rights ideas, law, and institutions. In a spirit of ‘provincialising Europe’, it argues that Europe’s contributions to human rights are ambivalent and dynamic. The chapter first examines natural rights and rights of citizens as twin, but also potentially conflicting, developments in demarcating Europe’s contributions to human rights. Europe is historically a home of human rights ideas as well as strong critiques and double standards in the use of these ideas. The chapter then examines European contributions to the legalization of human rights with a focus on two institutional Europes: that of the Council of Europe and the European Union. Finally, the chapter reviews contemporary human rights debates, against the backdrop of authoritarianization in Europe on the one hand and demands for new human rights to tackle the climate crisis, and digitalization of modern societies on the other. KW - EU Law, International Law, Law Y1 - 2023 SN - 9780198865315 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198865315.013.8 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. T1 - Do digital technologies benefit governments or empower civil society actors? T2 - Digital Repression: Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/11/05/2023/do-digital-technologies-benefit-governments-or-empower-civil-society-actors UR - https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/user/138 PB - Global Policy Journal ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Auz, Juan ED - Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine ED - Peel, Jacqueline T1 - Climate Crisis and the Testing of International Human Rights Remedies: Forecasting the Inter-American Court of Human Rights T2 - Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au défi des changements climatiques KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-90-04-68239-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-8096_pplcdu_a9789004682399_13 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wegrich, Kai ED - Goldfinch, Shaun Francis T1 - Public sector innovation: which season of public sector reform? T2 - Handbook of Public Administration Reform Y1 - 2023 SN - 978 1 80037 673 1 SP - 131 EP - 145 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - List, Regina A. ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Toepler, Stefan T1 - Secret Societies T2 - International Encyclopedia of Civil Society KW - Civil Society Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-319-99675-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_120-1 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dempsey, Mark A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Haataja, Meeri A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Transnational Digital Governance and Its Impact on Artificial Intelligence T2 - The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance N2 - The rapid pace of technological advancement and innovation has put existing governance and regulatory mechanisms to the test. There is a clear need for new and innovative regulatory mechanisms that enable governments to successfully manage the integration of digital technologies into our societies, and to ensure that such integration occurs in a sustainable, beneficial, and just manner. Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as one of the most debated of such innovations. What exactly is it, how should it be built and deployed, how can it be used, and how should it be regulated? Yet across the period of this debate, AI is becoming widely used and addressed within existing, evolving, and bespoke regulatory contexts. The present chapter explores the extant governance of AI and, in particular, what is arguably the most successful AI regulatory approach to date, that of the European Union. The chapter explores core definitional concepts, shared understandings, values, and approaches currently in play. It argues that not only are the Union’s regulations locally effective, but, due to the so-called “Brussels effect,” regulatory initiatives within the European Union also have a much broader global impact. As such, they warrant close consideration. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9780197579329 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197579329.013.16 N1 - A pre-print version is available at: https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/xu3jr PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Meier, Tobias ED - Penta, Leo ED - Richter, Andreas T1 - Wer organisiert die Zivilgesellschaft? T2 - Community Organizing Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-7799-6804-7 SP - 104 EP - 111 PB - Beltz Juventa CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Powell, Justin J.W. ED - Knight, Elizabeth ED - Bathmaker, Ann-Marie ED - Moodie, Gavin ED - Orr, Kevin ED - Webb, Susan ED - Wheelahan, Leesa T1 - The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries? T2 - Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education N2 - Higher education is typically viewed as offering the most assured pathways to secure careers and low unemployment rates. Yet, increasingly some groups, not least higher education graduates and their families paying ever-higher tuition fees, question the taken-for-granted contributions higher education makes to individuals and society. While participation rates have climbed worldwide, higher education systems continue to produce winners and losers. In the face of such challenges globally, which alternatives exist? A prominent possibility, pioneered in Germany, is ‘dual study’ programmes. These programmes fully integrate phases of higher education study and paid work in firms, illustrating how employer interests and investments are (re)shaping advanced skill formation. Co-developed and co-financed by employers, they could ameliorate the global trend towards saddling students with ever-higher education costs and student debt. Grounded in neo-institutional analysis, expert interviews, and document analysis, we analyse the genesis and rapid expansion of dual study programmes, emphasizing the role of employer interests and highlighting distributional conflicts in the new politics of advanced skill formation. Furthermore, we discuss lessons other countries might glean from a new form of work-based higher education in Germany. Reference: Graf, L./Powell, J.J.W. (2022) The Origins and Contemporary Development of Work-based Higher Education in Germany: Lessons for Anglophone Countries? In: Knight, E./Bathmaker, A-M./Moodie, G./Orr, K./Webb, S./Wheelahan, L. (Eds.) Equity and Access to High Skills through Higher Vocational Education. London, Palgrave, 125-144. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84502-5_7 SP - 125 EP - 144 PB - Palgrave CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - UN treaty body views: a distinct pathway to UN human rights treaty impact? T2 - A Life Interrupted: Essays in honour of the lives and legacies of Christof Heyns Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.pulp.up.ac.za/latest-publications/321-essays-in-honour-of-the-lives-and-legacies-of-christof-heyns SN - 9781991213143 SP - 443 EP - 459 PB - Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) CY - Pretoria ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Turkut, Emre T1 - Turkey: Pandemic Governance and Executive Aggrandisement T2 - Routledge Handbook of Law and the COVID-19 Pandemic N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic not only ravaged human bodies but also had profound and possibly enduring effects on the health of political and legal systems, economies and societies. Almost overnight, governments imposed the severest restrictions in modern times on rights and freedoms, elections, parliaments and courts. Legal and political institutions struggled to adapt, creating a catalyst for democratic decline and catastrophic increases in poverty and inequality. This handbook analyses the global pandemic response through five themes: governance and democracy; human rights; the rule of law; science, public trust and decision making; and states of emergency and exception. Containing 12 thematic commentaries and 25 chapters on countries of diverse size, wealth and experience of COVID-19, it represents the combined effort of more than 50 contributors, including leading scholars and rising voices in the fields of constitutional, international, public health, human rights and comparative law, as well as political science, and science and technology studies. Taking stock after the onset of global emergency, this book provides essential analysis for politicians, policy-makers, jurists, civil society organisations, academics, students and practitioners at both national and international level on the best, and most concerning, practices adopted in response to COVID-19 - and key insights into how states and multilateral institutions should reform, adapt and prepare for future emergencies. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781032078854 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Sprache und Kommunikation in der Politik T2 - Sprache in Politik und Gesellschaft N2 - Kommunikation zwischen Regierenden und Regierten ist eine notwendige Bedingung für repräsentative Demokratien. Bürgerinnen und Bürger müssen wissen, wofür Parteien und Kandidaten stehen. Gleichzeitig müssen diese über Interessen und Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung informiert sein. Kurzum: ohne Kommunikation funktioniert repräsentative Demokratie nicht. Politik und politische Kommunikation sind für die allermeisten von uns aber nicht unmittelbar, sondern nur mittelbar erfahrbar - hier spielen die Medien als „Fenster zur Welt“ eine zentrale Rolle. In aller Kürze werden wir uns der Bedeutung der medialen Veränderung (Radio, Fernsehen, Internet, soziale Medien) für die politische Kommunikation nähern. Hierum geht es in einem ersten Teil meines Beitrags. Daran anschließend, im zweiten Teil: Streit! Die politische Auseinandersetzung als Herzstück der Demokratie und besondere Form der Kommunikation. Hart in der Sache, anständig im Ton um die beste politische Lösung ringen - so der Idealfall. Doch wo findet diese Auseinandersetzung statt? Im dritten Teil des Beitrags wird das Konzept der Öffentlichkeit genauer beleuchtet. Vor wenigen Jahrzehnten unterhielt man sich über dieselbe Sendung, die man am Abend davor gesehen hatte - das „rituelle Zusammensein der Nation“. Heute leben wir in geteilten und getrennten Öffentlichkeiten. Filterbubbles, Echokammern. Welche Auswirkungen lassen sich daraus für die demokratische Debatte und die politische Kommunikation ableiten? Im vierten Abschnitt widmet sich der Beitrag großen Fragen, ohne abschließende Antworten zu liefern: Braucht es Regulierung? Kann Kommunikation überhaupt reguliert werden? Und von wem? Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110774306-004 SP - 35 EP - 40 PB - De Gruyter CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Auz, Juan T1 - Two Reputed Allies: Reconciling Climate Justice and Litigation in the Global South T2 - Litigating the Climate Emergency: How Human Rights, Courts, and Legal Mobilization Can Bolster Climate Action N2 - Climate litigation in the Global South is a novel and increasingly prominent phenomenon that prompted a first wave of scholarly work examining and systematizing its main features. Despite the rigour that these academic accounts apply to assessing the main legal arguments of both litigants and courts, they fail to address the possible tensions between climate justice and the consequences of a domestic court decision in developing nations that did not substantially contribute to the climate crisis. This piece aims to fill that gap by using case law from the Global South to examine challenges around remedies, which will underscore the tensions between climate justice and litigation. Thereafter, this piece, drawing from international norms, advocates for the recognition of a duty of international cooperation, which can inform future courts’ orders in climate cases in both the Global North and the Global South. This normative exercise provides the basis to reconcile climate litigation in the Global South with climate justice, two reputed allies. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781009106214 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009106214.009 SP - 145 EP - 156 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bobić, Ana A1 - Dawson, Mark T1 - How can law contribute to accountability in EU monetary policy? T2 - The Cambridge Handbook on European Monetary, Economic and Financial Market Integration Y1 - 2022 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bobić, Ana T1 - Forging Identity-Based Constructive Constitutional Conflict in the European Union T2 - Autonomy without collapse in a better European Union Y1 - 2022 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/autonomy-without-collapse-in-a-better-european-union-9780192897541?cc=de&lang=en& SN - 9780192897541. 9780192651976. 9780192651983 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Bundestagswahl 2021 T2 - Österreichisches Jahrbuch für Politik 2021 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com/detail/index/sArticle/57391 SN - 978-3-205-21514-1 SP - 117 EP - 124 PB - Böhlau / Politische Akademie CY - Wien ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Ladner, Andreas ED - Sager, Fritz T1 - Ministerial advisory systems and politics T2 - Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration N2 - Ministerial advisors are by now established actors at the apex of ministerial departments in many countries around the globe. They advanced to close and often the most intimate advisors to government ministers and other executive politicians and are often the only actors in the ministries allowed to provide political advice. Also, they are often closely involved in the coordination of government coalition politics alongside party-political lines and coordinate between the ministry and the party headquarter. While they, in general, fulfil a much more political role (compared to civil servants), their role and working conditions vary. The chapter looks into different types of ministerial advisory systems, their institutionalization, working dynamics and in particular their role as political advisors. And even though ministerial advisors have received considerable attention by public administration scholars for around two decades, their position has not been accounted for in general public administration or policy process theory. The chapter revises the current literature on the emergence and role of advisors in theoretical, conceptual and empirical regards to provide a state-of-the-art overview of variation in ministerial advisory systems. KW - Ministerial advisers KW - Policy advice KW - Policy advisory systems KW - Ministerial cabinets KW - Special advisers Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109447.00015 SP - 93 EP - 101 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Darius, Philipp A1 - Stephany, Fabian T1 - How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: ‘Hashjacking’ as a Disinformation Strategy in Times of COVID-19 T2 - Complex Networks & Their Applications X. COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 1016 N2 - Twitter influences political debates. Phenomena like fake news and hate speech show that political discourses on social platforms can become strongly polarised by algorithmic enforcement of selective perception. Some political actors actively employ strategies to facilitate polarisation on Twitter, as past contributions show, via strategies of ‘hashjacking’(The use of someone else’s hashtag in order to promote one’s own social media agenda.). For the example of COVID-19 related hashtags and their retweet networks, we examine the case of partisan accounts of the German far-right party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) and their potential use of ‘hashjacking’ in May 2020. Our findings indicate that polarisation of political party hashtags has not changed significantly in the last two years. We see that right-wing partisans are actively and effectively polarising the discourse by ‘hashjacking’ COVID-19 related hashtags, like #CoronaVirusDE or #FlattenTheCurve. This polarisation strategy is dominated by the activity of a limited set of heavy users. The results underline the necessity to understand the dynamics of discourse polarisation, as an active political communication strategy of the far-right, by only a handful of very active accounts. KW - COVID-19 Hashtags Networks Political communication strategies #CoronaVirusDE #FlattenTheCurve Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-93413-2 SN - 978-3-030-93412-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93413-2_9 SP - 100 EP - 111 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Kupi, Maximilian A1 - Bryson, Joanna ED - Stephens, Melodena ED - Awamleh, Raed ED - Salem, Fadi T1 - Untangling Agile Government: On the Dual Necessities of Structure and Agility T2 - Agile Government: Emerging Perspectives in Public Management N2 - The governments of today are not able to transform and adapt to changes in the world around them, as demanded by their constituents. The nature of work, value of public goods, and the constant bombardment of crises are making the old bureaucratic structures obsolete. Agile Government is an emerging theme, that of government-wide reinvention for adaptiveness and responsiveness. It places the accountability, delivery, capture, design and creation of public value at the heart of the government. The concept of agile government is confused with terms like Agile Manifesto, agile governance, agility among others, and because of this, needs some unpacking. This book is a deep dive into this topic. It offers insights from the theoretical development of the topic of agile government, some lessons from government practices around the world, and ongoing academic and policy research. The project is spearheaded by the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government, which is the first teaching and research institution in the Arab world focusing on public policy and governance. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9789811239694 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811239700_0002 PB - World Scientific Publishing CY - Singapur ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - Regional protection T2 - International Human Rights Law N2 - Written by leading experts in the field, this compelling textbook explores the essentials of international human rights law, from foundational issues to substantive rights and systems of protection. A variety of perspectives bring this multifaceted and sometimes contentious subject to life, making International Human Rights Law the ideal companion for students of human rights. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/international-human-rights-law-9780198860112?lang=en&cc=ca# SN - 978-0198860112 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bernhard, Nadine A1 - Graf, Lukas ED - Bonoli, Giuliano ED - Emmenegger, Patrick T1 - Enhancing Permeability through Cooperation: The Case of Vocational and Academic Worlds of Learning in the Knowledge Economy T2 - Collective Skill Formation in the Knowledge Economy N2 - Interest in collective skill formation systems has been high for a long time, but recent structural economic and societal developments have led commentators to question their viability. In particular, the shift towards a knowledge economy creates a number of challenges for these highly praised systems of vocational training. These challenges relate to the growing importance of knowledge intensive production in advanced economies and with the accelerated pace of change due to innovation and globalization. What is more, these issues are compounded by coinciding developments in growing inequality and the emergence of multicultural societies. Can collective skill formation systems adapt fast enough to the needs of the knowledge economy? Can they continue to be as successful as they have been in the past in integrating youth in the labour market? Will employers be willing to participate in the delivery of vocational training in this new context? In this book, a world class team of leading experts on collective skill formation systems provide a thorough discussion of these and other questions raised by the shift to a knowledge economy. The book argues that collective skill formation systems remain attractive for firms and governments. However, continuous and profound adjustments will be needed if they are to fulfil their objectives in terms of equity and efficiency. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/collective-skill-formation-in-the-knowledge-economy-9780192866257?cc=de&lang=en&# SN - 9780192866257 SP - 281 EP - 307 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Lohse, Anna Prisca ED - Grollmann, Philipp ED - Frommberger, Dietmar ED - Deißinger, Thomas ED - Lauterbach, Uwe ED - Pilz, Matthias ED - Schröder, Thomas ED - Spöttl, Georg T1 - Analyzing Vocational Education and Training Systems through the Lens of Political Science. T2 - Internationales Handbuch der Berufsbildung. Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung – Ergebnisse und Perspektiven aus Theorie und Empirie. Jubiläumsausgabe des Internationalen Handbuchs der Berufsbildung. N2 - Seit 1995 werden im Internationalen Handbuch der Berufsbildung (IHBB) wissenschaftliche Länderstudien zu den weltweiten Berufsbildungssystemen publiziert. Das IHBB ist ein Standardwerk für diejenigen, die sich für die Berufsbildung in anderen Ländern interessieren. Dieser Jubiläumsband zum 25-jährigen Bestehen des IHBB stellt aktuelle Befunde zu unterschiedlichen Themen und Fragestellungen aus der Vergleichenden Berufsbildungsforschung vor. Die Vergleichende Berufsbildungsforschung zielt darauf ab, Merkmale und Prinzipien der Berufsbildung in verschiedenen nationalen und kulturellen Kontexten zu beschreiben, zu verstehen und zu erklären. Deutlich stärker als die allgemeine oder hochschulische Bildung ist die Berufsbildung aus internationaler Perspektive von großen Unterschieden geprägt. Doch zugleich kann die Annahme formuliert werden, dass sich die Merkmale und Prinzipien der Berufsbildung im Zuge der wachsenden Globalisierung, Internationalisierung und Europäisierung tendenziell annähern – wie in anderen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystemen auch. Der Blick auf die Berufsbildung erfolgt aus diversen wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven, aus Erziehungs- und Berufsbildungswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie und Betriebswirtschaftslehre. Mit dieser Auswahl wird einem inter- und multidisziplinären Verständnis Vergleichender Berufsbildungsforschung Rechnung getragen. Der vorliegende Sammelband schließt damit den Kreis zu den Beiträgen zu Methoden und Theorien des Vergleichs aus der Anfangszeit des Handbuchs. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.bibb.de/dienst/veroeffentlichungen/de/publication/show/18171 SN - 978-3-8474-2676-9, 978-3-96208-334-2 VL - 56 SP - 123 EP - 141 PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich CY - Leverkusen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bois, Julien A1 - Dawson, Mark T1 - Chapter 7: Sociological institutionalism as a lens to study judicialization: a bridge between legal scholarship and political science T2 - The Politics of European Legal Research N2 - Judicialization - and the influence of trans-national Courts - seems a perfect object of study for inter-disciplinary research and a potential spur for methodological innovation. In the case of the European Courts, however, this chapter argues that divides between law and political science have impeded the developments of accounts of judicialization able to take both the legal and political aspects of judicial activity seriously. The chapter discusses sociological institutionalism as an alternative approach to judicialisation. By stressing the importance of legal norms in structuring the 'space' for legal agency while abstaining from the assumption that norms apply equally in all situations, sociological institutionalism provides an inter- disciplinary framework for the study of Courts able to act as a bridge between both disciplines. As the chapter will conclude, while institutionalist approaches are complex and time-consuming, their focus on the language, ideas and cultural assumptions of actors and institutions provide a compelling method for the study of judicial behaviour. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781802201185 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802201192.00014 SP - 94 EP - 108 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - Jachtenfuchs, Markus ED - Dawson, Mark ED - Jachtenfuchs, Markus T1 - Autonomy without Collapse? Towards a Better European Union. T2 - Autonomy without Collapse in a Better European Union Y1 - 2022 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/autonomy-without-collapse-in-a-better-european-union-9780192897541?cc=de&lang=en&# SN - 9780192897541 SP - 3 EP - 20 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - van den Brink, Martijn ED - Daniel, Thym ED - Dora, Kostakopoulou T1 - The relationship between national and EU citizenship: What is it and what should it be? T2 - Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy. Navigating Challenges and Crises. N2 - In this chapter, Martijn van den Brink discusses two questions: what is the relationship between national and EU citizenship legally speaking, and what should it be normatively speaking? While often conflated, these questions must be considered independently of each other. He argues first that EU law is not even capable of justifying the very minimal restrictions CJEU case law has imposed on the authority of Member States to determine the rules on the acquisition and loss of national citizenship. It certainly cannot justify more far-reaching restrictions such as outlawing investor citizenship or allowing UK nationals to retain their EU citizenship. Normatively speaking, however, Martijn van den Brink makes the case for giving the EU greater influence over the conditions relating to the loss and acquisition of national and EU citizenship, in particular to ensure that third-country nationals with social ties to their society of residence have a credible path to citizenship. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-european-union-citizenship-law-and-policy-9781788972895.html SN - 978 1 78897 289 5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788972901 SP - 100 EP - 114 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Hill, Paul B. ED - Kopp, Johannes T1 - Sozialstruktur und Familienformen T2 - Handbuch Familiensoziologie N2 - Der Beitrag beschreibt die Grundzüge des sozialstrukturellen Wandels der Lebensformen in Deutschland. Zunächst werden Konzepte und theoretische Ansätze zur Erklärung von Lebensformen und familialen Verhaltensweisen skizziert. Anschließend werden Strukturen und Wandel der Lebens- und Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland nach 1990 auf der Grundlage des Mikrozensus und des deutschen Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (pairfam) empirisch untersucht. Dargestellt werden die altersspezifische Verteilung der Lebensformen, der Wandel der Familienformen von Frauen und Männern seit den 1990er Jahren sowie bildungsspezifische Entwicklungen. Weiterhin beleuchtet der Artikel an den Beispielen des Übergangs zur Mutterschaft und der nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft die kohortenspezifi sche Lebenslaufdynamik von Familienformen. Schließlich wird mit Stieff amilien ein in der empirischen Forschung bislang wenig untersuchter Aspekt der Differenzierung der Familienformen aufgegriffen. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-658-02276-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02276-1_12 SP - 345 EP - 373 PB - Springer VS ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hundehege, Anna A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Kolltveit, Kristoffer ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - On a Wild Goose Chase? The (Core) Executive in Germany T2 - Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times N2 - Searching for the centre of power in the German political system can be a cumbersome endeavour due to the strong separation of powers rooted in German history. Considering both formal and informal institutions, this chapter analyses the current state of the core executive in Germany at the end of the ‘era Merkel’. It outlines the German institutional setting with the role of the chancellor and the chancellery, defines main characteristics of politico-administrative relations and mechanisms of government coordination and discusses changes in the distribution of power related to recent developments of crisis management, Europeanisation and summitry, and personalisation and mediatisation. The analysis shows that the steering capacity of the German core executive is institutionally limited due to the strong coordination requirements stemming from administrative federalism, coalition governments and the strong departmental principle. Accordingly, the German core executive is no strong centre of power despite the international developments that have contributed to centralisation in many countries. The German core executive remains remarkably stable in formal terms and in international comparison despite some short-term power shifts in reaction to a changing environment. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_7 SP - 165 EP - 187 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brinde, Erik A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Houlberg Salomonsen, Heidi ED - Kolltveit, Kristoffer ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - The Swedish Executive: Centralising from Afar T2 - Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times N2 - With its constitutional separation of power between the executive and administration, over the years Sweden has frequently been held up as a shining example of modern state governance. However, recent decades of internationalising politics, EU membership and growing public-sector complexities have placed greater demands on the Swedish executive. In recent years, the established governance system has changed in several respects. First, the previously highly decentralised system has become more centralised and central-local relations remain tense. Second, at the central level, the government has sought to increase control through politicisation. Third, Swedish pandemic policy highlighted the promises and pitfalls of ‘Swedish dualism’. And fourth, government communication has become ever more mediatised. In consequence, the chapter concludes that what from the outside looks like an exemplar of meritocratic democracy is rather a tactically flexible realpolitik built on interpretive ambiguities in the constitution—providing the Swedish executive with much-needed responsiveness in times of significant change, but also the veil for greater centralisation and control from afar. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_9 SP - 211 EP - 233 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER -