TY - RPRT A1 - Walper, Sabine A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Beblo, Miriam A1 - Hahlweg, Kurt A1 - Nebe, Katja A1 - Schuler-Harms, Margarete A1 - Fegert, Jörg M. T1 - Gemeinsam getrennt erziehen. Gutachten des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats für Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.bmfsfj.de/bmfsfj/service/publikationen/gemeinsam-getrennt-erziehen-186696 CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walper, Sabine A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - The intensification of parenting in Germany: The role of socioeconomic background and family form JF - Social Sciences N2 - Drawing on the international discourse on the intensification of parenting and new data from Germany, this paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the unique challenges that parents face in the 21st century. We used data from the survey “Parenthood Today”, which was conducted in 2019 to examine parents’ views on parenting in Germany. The data comprised standardized interviews with 1652 mothers and fathers. We focused on three dimensions of parental pressures: namely, time pressure, financial pressure, and pressure that emanates from the educational system. Time pressure referred to the pressure currently felt, whereas financial pressure and pressure from the educational system referred to changes across time. In each of these domains, more than 60% of the parents experienced high (time) or increasing (education and financial) pressure. Binary logistic regressions showed that while parental education was a strong predictor of experiencing an increase in financial pressure, parental education did not matter for other realms of parenting. However, employment and family form were strongly related to parental time pressure. Full-time employed lone mothers, but also non-resident fathers, reported experiencing heavy pressure when trying to balance their roles as a worker and as a carer. Our results draw attention to the importance of better integrating the needs of post-separation families, including of non-resident fathers, in the debate on the “intensification of parenting”. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030134 VL - 11 (3) IS - 134 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uzo, Uchenna A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Adewusi, Adedeji T1 - How firms strategically navigate informal and formal copyright practices: insights from Nollywood JF - International Journal of Organizational Analysis N2 - Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain how and why firms configure copyright practices when confronted with state-sanctioned laws and informal customs projected by local ethnic or religious communities. Design/methodology/approach A multi-case inductive study of four film-producing organizations within the Nigerian film industry (i.e. Nollywood) was conducted. Specifically considered were firms that started their operations around the same time with similar founding conditions, experiences, resources and technical competencies. Field observations and multiple rounds of in-depth interviews were conducted to achieve the research objectives. Findings The study found that firms adopted dominant or hybrid configurations when interacting with informality and formality. Dominant configurations represent the exclusive adoption of informal copyright practices while hybrid configurations refer to the blended use of informal and formal copyright practices. The second set of findings revealed that each firm’s strategic intent affected the type of interactional configuration that unfolded in the firm. Specifically, firms with social intents tended to adopt dominant configurations, whereas firms with socio-economic intents tended to adopt hybrid configurations. Practical implications The study implies that firms may profit from strategically focusing on when and in what circumstances to adopt informality. Strategic intents that blend social and economic rationales may secure more positive interactive outcomes from internal and external stakeholders promoting formality and informality. Social implications This study highlights the fact that firms embedded in local religious and ethnic communities use organizational practices to solve social and institutional problems of their members. The copyright practices of these organizations encourage apprenticeship, youth empowerment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that goes beyond macro-level analysis to investigate the interactional dynamics between formality and informality at the firm, community, and state levels. The study is also first of its kind to use copyright practices as an analytical lens to explore the interaction between informality and formality. KW - Copyright practices KW - Community KW - Informality KW - Formality KW - Nollywood Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-06-2020-2236 SN - 1934-8835 VL - ahead-of-print IS - ahead-of-print ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uzo, Uchenna A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - How informality affects habitual improvisation in firms: insights from the Nigerian movie industry JF - International Studies of Management & Organization N2 - Research has often underestimated the pervasive and global occurrence of informality because studies largely define informality as illegal economic practices. This study adopts a multidimensional view of informality to explain how and why firms habitually improvise even when they do not experience unexpected or extreme eventualities. We addressed this concern through a comparative ethnographic study of three film production crews in the Nigerian movie industry. Our findings unravel the multiple dimensions of informality and define habitual improvization. We build a theoretical model that traces the organizing principles of informality and how they affect the modes of implementation and outcomes of habitual improvization. Finally, we offer an agenda for future theoretical and empirical research on informality and organizational improvization. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1898102 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 162 EP - 184 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Karch, Heribert A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Jugend, Vorsorge, Finanzen. MetallRente Studie 2022. Zwischen sozialstaatlichem Anspruch und Individualisierung N2 - Die MetallRente Jugendstudie ist die umfassendste repräsentative Untersuchung zum Finanz- und Vorsorgeverhalten junger Menschen in Deutschland. Die fünfte Studie analysiert auch Einflüsse der Corona-Pandemie auf die Bereitschaft junger Menschen zur Zukunftsplanung und ihr Vorsorgeverhalten. Trauen 17- bis 27-Jährige dem Staat eine zukunftsfeste Alterssicherung für ihre Generation zu? Wie stehen sie zu immer neuen politischen Vorschlägen? Wie schauen sie auf Sicherheit und Rendite? Angesichts Niedrigzinsen, Überalterung und mangelnden Reformen orientiert sich eine ganze Generation neu. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://jugendstudie.info/downloads/dl/magazin-zur-metallrente-jugendstudie-2022 SN - 978-3-7799-6743-9 PB - Juventa Verlag GmbH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Dušek, Libor A1 - Pardo, Nicolas T1 - Salience and Timely Compliance: Evidence from Speeding Tickets JF - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management N2 - This paper studies the enforcement of fines, and, in particular, the effects of simplification and salience nudges on timely payments. In a randomized controlled trial, we add cover letters to 80,000 payment notifications for speeding. The letters increase the salience of the payment deadline, the late penalty, or both. Emphasizing only the deadline is not effective. Stressing the late penalty significantly and persistently increases payment rates. The effect is largest if both parameters are made salient. The most effective treatment yields a net revenue gain that covers approximately 25 percent of the labor costs of the ticket administration personnel. A survey experiment documents how the salience nudges alter prior (mis)perceptions about the communicated parameters. The survey results rationalize the differential effects of the treatments and, together with the evidence from the RCT, offer a broader framework for explaining why certain nudges are effective in some contexts but fail in others. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22387 VL - 2 SP - 426 EP - 449 ET - 41 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Donnelly-Cox, Gemma ED - Meyer, Michael ED - Wijkström, Filip T1 - Regulatory governance of nonprofit organizations: legal frameworks and voluntary self-regulation T2 - Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance N2 - This multi-perspective Research Handbook provides a clear pathway through the nonprofit governance research field, pushing beyond the borders of current theory to expand and deepen the analytical framework for nonprofit governance. It offers an analysis of the basics including definitions, organizational forms and levels of governance, and takes a critical approach towards the normative and prescriptive tendencies in much of contemporary governance scholarship. Divided into four distinctly thematic parts, contributors provide an in-depth review of the last 20 years, building on the foundations of classical contributions and further exploring new theoretical approaches, while examining the governance challenges of diverse types of organizations, including those from both developed and developing countries. Future challenges including multilevel governance are expertly addressed, and insights leading towards a unified theory are proposed. This thoroughly engaging Research Handbook will be an excellent resource for scholars in business and strategic management, nonprofit management and civil society, interested in topics such as nonprofit governance practice and boards of directors, governance theory, stakeholder management, membership organizations, foundations and hybrid organizations. Teachers of nonprofit management will also find this invaluable as it addresses both the core concepts and the most recent developments. Y1 - 2021 SN - 9781788114905 SP - 116 EP - 139 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Tech companies and the public interest: the role of the state in governing social media platforms JF - Information, Communication & Society N2 - In the early days of the internet, it was hoped that digital technology would bring about democracy and positive outcomes for society. Recently, the debate has shifted towards tech lash with many critics pointing towards technology companies undermining democracy, stability, and sustainability. As a result, a new consensus seems to be emerging among policymakers, companies, and civil societal actors that self-regulation has to move towards co-regulation. This Special Issue of Information, Communication and Society draws together cutting-edge contributions on three core themes in scholarly and policy discourse on platform regulation: First, the papers in this special issue enhance empirical understandings of the role of the state in governing social media platforms developing in the United States, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, they provide a holistic framework to understand policy problems that need to be addressed, which helps to develop and evaluate new policy initiatives. Finally, papers point towards three approaches in governing social media platforms and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of content moderation, process-based co-regulation, as well as competition regulation and alternative business models. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2032796 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spitzer, Sonja A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed A1 - Weber, Daniela T1 - Older Europeans' health perception and their adaptive behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic JF - European Journal of Public Health N2 - Background Although older adults are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 virus, a significant proportion of them do not follow recommended guidelines concerning preventive actions during the ongoing pandemic. This article analyses the role of biased health beliefs for adaptive health behaviour such as reduced mobility, protection in public spaces and hygiene measures, for the population aged 50 and older in 13 European countries. Methods Health perception is measured based on the difference between self-reported health and physical performance tests for over 24 000 individuals included in the most recent Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Logistic regressions are employed to explore how over- and underestimating health are related to preventive behaviours. Results Results suggest that older adults who underestimate their health are more likely to show adaptive behaviour related to mobility reductions. In particular, they are more likely to stay at home, shop less and go for walks less often. In contrast, overestimating health is not significantly associated with reduced mobility. Protective behaviour in public spaces and adopting hygiene measures do not vary systematically between health perception groups. Conclusion As health beliefs appear relevant for the adoption of preventive health behaviours related to mobility, they have serious consequences for the health and well-being of older Europeans. Although adaptive behaviour helps to contain the virus, exaggerated mobility reduction in those who underestimate their health might be contributing to the already high social isolation and loneliness of older adults during the ongoing pandemic. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab221 VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 322 EP - 327 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spitzer, Sonja A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed T1 - Health misperception and healthcare utilisation among older Europeans JF - Journal of Economics of Ageing N2 - Health misperception can have serious consequences on health. Despite their relevance, the role of such biases in determining healthcare utilisation is severely underexplored. Here we study the relationship between health perception and doctor visits for the population 50+ in Europe. We conceptualise health misperception as arising from either overconfidence or underconfidence, where overconfidence is measured as overestimation of health and underconfidence is measured as underestimation of health. Comparing objective performance measures and their self-reported equivalents from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we find that individuals who overestimate their health visit the doctor 17.0% less often than individuals who correctly assess their health, which is crucial for preventive care such as screenings. In contrast, individuals who underestimate their health visit the doctor more often (21.4% more). Effects are similar for dentist visits, but we find no effects on hospital stays. The results are robust to several sensitivity tests and, more important, to various conceptualisations of the health perception measure. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100383 VL - 22 IS - 100383 ER -