TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Organizations, Social Problems, and System Change: Invigorating the Third Mandate of Organizational Research JF - Organization Theory N2 - Organizations across sectors appear to be shifting their ambitions from solving social problems to changing entire social systems. This phenomenon offers a timely opportunity to revisit what came to be known as the third mandate of organizational theory. In this paper we interrogate how organizational scholarship can productively explore and theorize the relationship between organizations and social systems in organized system change – an effort by organizations to alter the conditions that generate the characteristics of social problems and their dynamics of change. As a basis for theorizing organized system change, we develop an analytical scaffold that helps researchers to attend to fundamental aspects of the phenomenon and to achieve parsimony without blanking out complexity. Grounded in realist metatheory and principles, the scaffold reduces ambiguity, provides a backbone for empirical analysis, and favours mechanism-based explanation. We suggest that generating theoretically interesting and practically adequate knowledge on organized system change requires attention to three system realms: First, the subjectively constructed problem realm of systems concerned with processes of evaluating and problematizing situations. Second, the objectively constituted situational realm that attends to factual characteristics of situations and their dynamics of change. And third, the realm of causality understood as the mechanisms that generate both the objective characteristics of situations and the subjective criteria by which situations are evaluated as problems. In concluding, we reflect on the topics of boundaries and power as two promising areas for theorizing organized system change. KW - grand challenges KW - hybrid organizing KW - social problems KW - system change KW - systems Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877211054858 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - ‘To me, fair friend, you can never be old´, William Shakespeare, ´Sonnet 104´: ECHR at 70. Rudolf Bernhardt Lecture, 2020 JF - Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht / Heidelberg Journal of International Law N2 - This article undertakes a survey of the changes in the structure of the interpretive doctrines of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) over time in an exploration of the aging of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or the Convention) on its 70th anniversary. It argues that the Court’s interpretive doctrines that seek to give due defer ence to national rights traditions, canons and institutions have become increasingly pervasive in the Court’s procedural and substantive case law in the last two decades. This, in particular, has come at a loss for interpretative doctrines that interpret the Convention as a practical and effective living pan-European instrument. This argument is built in four parts. First it offers a defence of why a study of the interpretive doctrines of the Court over time is a good proxy for studying the ECHR’s ageing process. In the second part, it discusses the rich doctrinal forms of due deference and effective interpretation in the case law of the Court – both young and mature. Part three explains how the judicialisation and expansion of the European human rights system in late 1990 s transitioned to a more height ened and sophisticated focus on due deference doctrines in the Court’s case law. Finally, part four examines whether the recent judicial innovations under the Court’s Article 18 case law and the widely celebrated success of increased ownership of the Convention by domestic courts can act as counter points to the argument that the effective interpretation principle has suffered a loss as the Convention has aged, concluding that none of this may offset the fact that the Convention at 70 is more conservative in spirit than its younger self. KW - European Convention on Human Rights KW - European Court of Human Rights KW - effective interpretation KW - due deference Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.17104/0044-2348-2021-4/zeitschrift-fuer-auslaendisches-oeffentliches-recht-und-voelkerrecht-heidelberg-journal-of-international-law-volume-81-2021-issue-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17104/0044-2348-2021-4-895 SN - 0044-2348 VL - 81 IS - 4 SP - 895 EP - 916 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Demir-Gürsel, Esra T1 - The Council of Europe’s Responses to the Decay of the Rule of Law and Human Rights Protections: A Comparative Appraisal JF - European Convention on Human Rights Law Review N2 - This article introduces the Special Issue on ‘The Responses of the Council of Europe to the Decay of the Rule of Law and Human Rights Protections’. The Council of Europe (CoE), a unique international organisation with its commitment to protect and promote human rights, the rule of law, and democracy, has been severely tested by the spread and consolidation of trends posing systemic threats to its foundational goals. The authors of this Special Issue assess how the European Court of Human Rights, the Venice Commission, the Parliamentary Assembly, the Committee of Ministers, and the office of the Secretary General have addressed systemic threats to the foundational principles of the organisation in the last decade. The Special Issue finds that the respective legal-institutional features and capacities of the CoE organs as well as the constraining influence of the broader political context in Europe on them vary significantly, hampering the CoE’s ability to produce timely, consistent, and co-ordinated responses against systemic threats. KW - democratic backsliding KW - Council of Europe KW - European Court of Human Rights KW - Venice Commission KW - Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10027 SN - 2666-3236 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 165 EP - 179 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - UN treaty body views: a distinct pathway to UN human rights treaty impact? T2 - A Life Interrupted: Essays in honour of the lives and legacies of Christof Heyns Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.pulp.up.ac.za/latest-publications/321-essays-in-honour-of-the-lives-and-legacies-of-christof-heyns SN - 9781991213143 SP - 443 EP - 459 PB - Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) CY - Pretoria ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Donnelly-Cox, Gemma ED - Meyer, Michael ED - Wijkström, Filip T1 - Regulatory governance of nonprofit organizations: legal frameworks and voluntary self-regulation T2 - Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance N2 - This multi-perspective Research Handbook provides a clear pathway through the nonprofit governance research field, pushing beyond the borders of current theory to expand and deepen the analytical framework for nonprofit governance. It offers an analysis of the basics including definitions, organizational forms and levels of governance, and takes a critical approach towards the normative and prescriptive tendencies in much of contemporary governance scholarship. Divided into four distinctly thematic parts, contributors provide an in-depth review of the last 20 years, building on the foundations of classical contributions and further exploring new theoretical approaches, while examining the governance challenges of diverse types of organizations, including those from both developed and developing countries. Future challenges including multilevel governance are expertly addressed, and insights leading towards a unified theory are proposed. This thoroughly engaging Research Handbook will be an excellent resource for scholars in business and strategic management, nonprofit management and civil society, interested in topics such as nonprofit governance practice and boards of directors, governance theory, stakeholder management, membership organizations, foundations and hybrid organizations. Teachers of nonprofit management will also find this invaluable as it addresses both the core concepts and the most recent developments. Y1 - 2021 SN - 9781788114905 SP - 116 EP - 139 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Turkut, Emre T1 - Turkey: Pandemic Governance and Executive Aggrandisement T2 - Routledge Handbook of Law and the COVID-19 Pandemic N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic not only ravaged human bodies but also had profound and possibly enduring effects on the health of political and legal systems, economies and societies. Almost overnight, governments imposed the severest restrictions in modern times on rights and freedoms, elections, parliaments and courts. Legal and political institutions struggled to adapt, creating a catalyst for democratic decline and catastrophic increases in poverty and inequality. This handbook analyses the global pandemic response through five themes: governance and democracy; human rights; the rule of law; science, public trust and decision making; and states of emergency and exception. Containing 12 thematic commentaries and 25 chapters on countries of diverse size, wealth and experience of COVID-19, it represents the combined effort of more than 50 contributors, including leading scholars and rising voices in the fields of constitutional, international, public health, human rights and comparative law, as well as political science, and science and technology studies. Taking stock after the onset of global emergency, this book provides essential analysis for politicians, policy-makers, jurists, civil society organisations, academics, students and practitioners at both national and international level on the best, and most concerning, practices adopted in response to COVID-19 - and key insights into how states and multilateral institutions should reform, adapt and prepare for future emergencies. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781032078854 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bryson, Joanna A1 - Bogani, Ronny ED - Campbell, Aifric T1 - Robot Nannies Will Not Love T2 - The Love Makers N2 - How artificial intelligence and robotics are transforming the future of love and desire: a philosophical thriller and essays.A chance encounter between two women and a road trip into the future: It's Christmas Eve, and Scarlett, banker-turned-technologist, is leaving a secret underground lab to catch the last flight that will get her home in time to open presents with her three-year-old son. She offers a lift to a young woman in distress, who shares her intimate life story as they drive to the airport. These revelations will have devastating consequences for both of them. The Love Makers is a philosophical thriller about female friendship, class, motherhood, women, and work--and how artificial intelligence and robotics are transforming the future of love and desire. Aifric Campbell combines her novel with essays from leading scientists and commentators who examine what's at stake in our human-machine relationships. What is our future as friends, parents, lovers? Will advances in intelligent machines reverse decades of progress for women? From robot nannies to generative art and our ancient dreams of intelligent machines, The Love Makers blends storytelling with science communication to investigate the challenges and opportunities of emergent technologies and how we want to live. ContributorsRonny Bogani, Joanna J. Bryson, Julie Carpenter, Stephen Cave, Anita Chandran, Peter R. N. Childs, Kate Devlin, Kanta Dihal, Mary Flanagan, Margaret Rhee, Amanda Sharkey, Roberto Trotta, E. R. Truitt, and Richard Watson Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.gold.ac.uk/goldsmiths-press/publications/the-love-makers/ SN - 97819126858442 SP - 249 EP - 258 PB - Goldsmiths Press CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bryson, Joanna ED - Campbell, Aifric T1 - Never Love a Robot: Romantic Companions and the Principle of Transparency T2 - The Love Makers N2 - It’s Christmas Eve when Scarlett leaves an underground tech lab to catch the last flight that will get her home in time to open presents with her three year-old son. She offers a lift to a young woman in distress, who shares her intimate life story as they drive to the airport, but these revelations will have devastating consequences for both of their lives. Aifric Campbell combines her novel with essays from leading scientists and commentators who examine what’s at stake in our human–machine relationships. What is our future as friends, parents, lovers? What is the future of love? Will advances in intelligent machines reverse decades of progress for women? From robot nannies to generative art and our ancient dreams of intelligent machines, The Love Makers blends storytelling with science communication to investigate the challenges and opportunities of emergent technologies and how we want to live. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.gold.ac.uk/goldsmiths-press/publications/the-love-makers/ SN - 97819126858442 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Goldsmiths Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raiser, Kilian A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - Understanding pledge and review: learning from analogies to the Paris Agreement review mechanisms JF - Climate Policy N2 - This article draws lessons for the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement’s pledge and review mechanisms from the performance of comparable review mechanisms established under other international treaties. The article employs systematic evidence synthesis methods to review the existing literature on international review mechanisms in the human rights, trade, labour, and monetary policy fields and identifies six common factors influencing their performance. Applying these findings to the Paris Agreement, the analysis finds that its review mechanisms incorporate many of these factors. In particular, they combine both expert and peer review, allow for repeated interaction and capacity building, and facilitate the regular and transparent provision of information. The comparative analysis also highlights two major deficiencies of the Paris Agreement: the absence of procedures to assess the adequacy of national pledges and actions taken to implement them, and resource constraints in carrying out a complex and arduous review process. Active engagement of non-state actors with review mechanisms is identified as a potential remedy to these shortcomings. However, the overall experience of other regimes suggests that, on their own, review mechanisms provide few incentives for states to undertake significant policy changes. Rather, the political context of each regime conditions the performance of review mechanisms. We therefore conclude that the Paris Agreement’s review mechanisms alone are unlikely to bring about the necessary ratcheting up of climate policy ambitions. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2059436 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Climate Policy. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2059436 SP - 1 EP - 25 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bach, Tobias A1 - Jugl, Marlene A1 - Köhler, Dustin A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Reputational threats and democratic responsiveness of regulatory agencies T2 - The Accountability of Expertise N2 - This chapter studies decision-making behaviour of independent regulatory agencies. Theoretical accounts of delegation to regulatory agencies emphasise that losses of political accountability of regulators are traded off against potential gains in regulatory efficiency. The theory of credible commitment suggests that independent (non-majoritarian) regulatory agencies are more effective in regulating markets than organisations under direct political control. However, independent regulatory agencies operate in a political context and need to demonstrate their benefit to a diverse set of stakeholders, including elected politicians. We are hence confronted with a ‘paradox of autonomisation’ according to which more autonomous public organisations have to take into consideration external demands to a greater degree than less autonomous organisations. Independent regulatory agencies will thus be subjected to high … Y1 - 2021 SN - 9781003175490 SP - 81 EP - 98 PB - Routledge CY - London, New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - Maricut-Akbik, Adina T1 - Accountability in the EU's para-regulatory state: The case of the Economic and Monetary Union JF - Regulation & Governance N2 - This article revisits Majone's famous argument about accountability in the regulatory state in reference to the European Union's (EU) Economic and Monetary Union. We show that the EU has entered the stage of a “para-regulatory state” marked by increasing EU regulation in areas linked to core state powers. Despite the redistributive and politicized nature of these policy areas, the EU's “para-regulatory state” has continued to rely on its regulatory model of accountability, focused on decisionmaking processes, and interest mediation. In line with Majone, we describe the model as procedural and contrast it to substantive accountability – which is necessary when regulation has clear redistributive implications. Using two case studies from fiscal policy and monetary affairs, we illustrate the predominance of procedural accountability as exercised by the European Parliament and EU Courts. We complement the empirical analysis with a normative discussion of how substantive accountability could potentially be rendered in both fields. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42704 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12442 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Future of the Liberal Democratic Order: The Key Questions N2 - This book brings together some of the finest minds of social science to answer the great questions about the future of the liberal order. With contributions from the world of economics, sociology, political science, management, international relations and the humanities, this book provides a unique series of insights. Chapters explore the great questions of our time as they relate to the future of the liberal international and domestic order. Contemporary issues such as populisms, authoritarianism, trust and social cohesion, the future of global governance, finance, religion, and citizenship are addressed along with geopolitical implications and with a balance between expert authority and open-minded critique. It will be essential reading for students, scholars, and reflective practitioners across the human and social sciences. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9780367772307 PB - Routledge CY - London and New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Dušek, Libor A1 - Pardo, Nicolas T1 - Salience and Timely Compliance: Evidence from Speeding Tickets JF - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management N2 - This paper studies the enforcement of fines, and, in particular, the effects of simplification and salience nudges on timely payments. In a randomized controlled trial, we add cover letters to 80,000 payment notifications for speeding. The letters increase the salience of the payment deadline, the late penalty, or both. Emphasizing only the deadline is not effective. Stressing the late penalty significantly and persistently increases payment rates. The effect is largest if both parameters are made salient. The most effective treatment yields a net revenue gain that covers approximately 25 percent of the labor costs of the ticket administration personnel. A survey experiment documents how the salience nudges alter prior (mis)perceptions about the communicated parameters. The survey results rationalize the differential effects of the treatments and, together with the evidence from the RCT, offer a broader framework for explaining why certain nudges are effective in some contexts but fail in others. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22387 VL - 2 SP - 426 EP - 449 ET - 41 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Linek, Maximilian A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Framing and Social Information Nudges at Wikipedia JF - Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization N2 - We analyze a series of trials that randomly assigned Wikipedia users in Germany to different web banners soliciting donations. The trials varied framing or content of social information about how many other users are donating. Framing a given number of donors in a negative way increased donation rates. Variations in the communicated social information had no detectable effects. The findings are consistent with the results from a survey experiment. In line with donations being strategic substitutes, the survey documents that the negative framing lowers beliefs about others’ donations. Varying the social information, in contrast, is ineffective in changing average beliefs. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.06.033 SN - 0167-2681 N1 - See also: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11128.pdf VL - 188 SP - 1269 EP - 1279 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Orlowski, Matthias A1 - Rehmert, Jochen T1 - Coalition inclusion probabilities: a party-strategic measure for predicting policy and politics JF - Political Science Research and Methods N2 - Policy in coalition governments (a) depends on negotiations between parties that (b) continue between elections. No extant means of predicting policy—bargaining power indices, vote shares, seat shares, polling, veto players or measures of electoral competitiveness—recognizes both of these facts. We conceptualize, estimate and validate the first dynamic measure of parties’ bargaining leverage intended to predict policy and politics. We argue that those parties with the greatest leverage in policy negotiations are those with the highest probability of participating in an alternative government, were one to form. Combining a large set of political polls and an empirical coalition formation model developed with out-of-sample testing, we estimate coalition inclusion probabilities for parties in a sample of 21 parliamentary democracies at a monthly frequency over four decades. Applications to government spending and to the stringency of environmental policy show leverage from coalition inclusion probabilities to be strongly predictive while the primary alternatives—vote shares, seat shares and polls—are not. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2021.75 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 328 EP - 346 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franchino, Fabio A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Wratil, Christopher T1 - Electoral competitiveness and responsiveness: rational anticipation in the EU Council JF - Journal of European Public Policy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1991986 N1 - Published online: 03 Nov 2021 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 60 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - van Noordt, Colin A1 - Misuraca, Gianluca A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard T1 - Towards a Systematic Understanding on the Challenges of Procuring Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector T2 - SocArXiv Papers N2 - There is an increased interest amongst governments and public sector organisations about how to best integrate artificial intelligence into their day-to-day business processes. Yet, a large majority of technical know how is concentrated within the private sector, requiring most public sector organisations to rely on public procurement for AI systems. While many governments may have experience with traditional forms of public technological procurement, this paper argues that the public procurement of AI is different and new insight is needed to understand this differentiation and procure AI better. This paper offers an initial contribution to the public administration and management literature by describing this difference, and identifying the challenges associated with the public procurement of AI. In order to achieve this contribution, the research studied guidelines in four European countries (Estonia, Netherlands, Serbia, and the United Kingdom) to generate insight into the challenges faced, and potential solutions to these challenges, during the public procurement of AI process. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/un649/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/un649 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Clutton-Brock, Peter A1 - Rolnick, David A1 - Donti, Priya L. A1 - Kaack, Lynn T1 - Climate Change and AI. Recommendations for Government Action BT - Global Partnership on AI Report. In collaboration with Climate Change AI and the Centre for AI & Climate N2 - The report, Climate Change and AI: Recommendations for Government, highlights 48 specific recommendations for how governments can both support the application of AI to climate challenges and address the climate-related risks that AI poses. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.gpai.ai/projects/responsible-ai/environment/climate-change-and-ai.pdf ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Khanna, Tarun A1 - Ruhnau, Oliver T1 - The (very) short-term price elasticity of German electricity demand N2 - Electricity is a peculiar economic good, the most important reason being that it needs to be supplied at the very moment of consumption. As a result, wholesale electricity prices fluctuate widely at hourly or sub-hourly time scales, regularly reaching multiples of their average, and even turn negative. This paper examines whether the demand for electricity responds to such price variations in the very short term. To solve the classical identification problem when estimating a demand curve, we use weather-driven wind energy generation as an instrument. Our robustness checks confirm that wind energy is indeed a strong and valid instrument. Using data from Germany, we estimate that a 1 €/MWh increase in the wholesale electricity price causes the aggregate electricity demand to decline by 67–80 MW or 0.12–0.14%, contradicting the conventional wisdom that electricity demand is highly price-inelastic. These estimates are statistically significant and robust across model specifications, estimators, and sensitivity analyses. At average price and demand, our estimates correspond to a price elasticity of demand of about –0.05. Comparing situations with high and low wind energy (5–95th percentile), we estimate that prices vary by 26 €/MWh, and the corresponding demand response to wholesale electricity prices is about 2 GW, or 2.6% of peak load. Our analysis suggests that the demand response in Germany can be attributed primarily to industrial consumers. KW - Electricity markets KW - Price elasticity KW - Demand response KW - Instrumental variables KW - Centre for Sustainability Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/249570 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaack, Lynn T1 - Machine learning enables global solar-panel detection JF - Nature N2 - An inventory of the world’s solar-panel installations has been produced with the help of machine learning, revealing many more than had previously been recorded. The results will inform efforts to meet global targets for solar-energy use. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02875-y VL - 598 IS - 7882 SP - 567 EP - 568 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hässler, Tabea A1 - Ullrich, Johannes A1 - Sebben, Simone A1 - Shnabel, Nurit A1 - Bernardino, Michelle A1 - Valdenegro, Daniel A1 - Van Laar, Colette A1 - González, Roberto A1 - Visintin, Emilio Paolo A1 - Tropp, Linda R. A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Abrams, Dominic A1 - Aydin, Anna Lisa A1 - Pereira, Adrienne A1 - Selvanathan, Hema Preya A1 - von Zimmermann, Jorina A1 - Lantos, Nóra Anna A1 - Sainz, Mario A1 - Glenz, Andreas A1 - Kende, Anna A1 - Oberpfalzerová, Hana A1 - Bilewicz, Michal A1 - Branković, Marija A1 - Noor, Masi A1 - Pasek, Michael H. A1 - Wright, Stephen C. A1 - Žeželj, Iris A1 - Kuzawinska, Olga A1 - Maloku, Edona A1 - Otten, Sabine A1 - Gul, Pelin A1 - Bareket, Orly A1 - Corkalo Biruski, Dinka A1 - Mugnol-Ugarte, Luiza A1 - Osin, Evgeny A1 - Baiocco, Roberto A1 - Cook, Jonathan E. A1 - Dawood, Maneeza A1 - Droogendyk, Lisa A1 - Loyo, Angélica Herrera A1 - Jelić, Margareta A1 - Kelmendi, Kaltrina A1 - Pistella, Jessica T1 - Need satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multinational study of pathways toward social change JF - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000365 SN - 1939-1315 VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 634 EP - 658 PB - American Psychological Association (APA) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wolf, Miriam ED - Donnelly-Cox, Gemma ED - Meyer, Michael ED - Wijkström, Filip T1 - Hybrid Organizations as Sites for Reimagining Organizational Governance. T2 - Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance. Research Handbooks in Business and Management series. N2 - In this chapter we argue that hybrid organizations, i.e., organizations pursuing dual goals, are an important site for rethinking and potentially recasting our perspective on organizational governance. We give an overview of the specific governance challenges hybrid organizations face and probe conventional and more novel approaches and their potential to understand governance in hybrid organizations. Introducing empirical findings from a large-scale qualitative and quantitative study about governance in social enterprises, we propose to complement the reactive approach dominant in the governance literature with a more proactive approach: drawing on the work of Philip Selznick, we introduce a governance approach focused on purpose, commitment and new ways of coordination. We propose that these three interlocking governance mechanisms allow hybrid organizations such as social enterprises to mitigate governance challenges such as the risk of mission drift in a proactive rather than reactive manner. Y1 - 2021 SN - 9781788114905 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114912.00027 SP - 311 EP - 325 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dušek, Libor A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Learning from Law Enforcement JF - Journal of the European Economic Association N2 - This paper studies how punishment affects future compliance behavior and isolates deterrence effects mediated by learning. Using administrative data from speed cameras that capture the full driving histories of more than a million cars over several years, we evaluate responses to punishment at the extensive (receiving a speeding ticket) and intensive margins (tickets with higher fines). Two complementary empirical strategies—a regression discontinuity design and an event study—coherently document strong responses to receiving a ticket: The speeding rate drops by a third and re-offense rates fall by 70%. Higher fines produce a small but imprecisely estimated additional effect. All responses occur immediately and are persistent over time, with no backsliding toward speeding even two years after receiving a ticket. Our evidence rejects unlearning and temporary salience effects. Instead, it supports a learning model in which agents update their priors on the expected punishment in a coarse manner. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article/20/2/739/6366238 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvab037 SN - 1542-4766 VL - 2 SP - 739 EP - 777 ET - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauernschuster, Stefan A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Tempolimit 130 auf Autobahnen: Eine evidenzbasierte Diskussion der Auswirkunge JF - Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik N2 - Welche Effekte würde ein allgemeines Tempolimit auf deutschen Autobahnen mit sich bringen? Stefan Bauernschuster und Christian Traxler versuchen, sich dieser oft emotional diskutierten Frage empirisch zu nähern. Die Autoren stoßen dabei rasch an Grenzen: Die Datenlage ist dürftig und kausale Evidenz ist rar. Gleichwohl skizzieren sie in ihrem Beitrag auf Basis der vorhandenen Daten und der internationalen Literatur eine Einschätzung, wie sich die Einführung eines Tempolimits 130 unter anderem auf Verkehrssicherheit, Emissionen und Zeitverluste auswirkt. Vieles spricht dafür, dass der Nutzen eines Tempolimits die möglichen Kosten übersteigt. Die Autoren rufen zu einer Stärkung der evidenzbasierten Verkehrspolitik auf. KW - Tempolimit KW - Verkehr Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/pwp-2021-0023 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 86 EP - 102 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Alonso-Perez, Enrique A1 - McEvoy, Olan A1 - Ramos, Vincent A1 - O'Sullivan, Julie Lorraine A1 - Liebig, Stefan A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Lersch, Philipp A1 - Bazzani, Giacomo A1 - Guetto, Raffaele A1 - Vignoli, Daniele A1 - Heisig, Jan A1 - Solga, Heike A1 - Gellert, Paul T1 - Cognitive Pretest of a Factorial Survey Experiment on Future Narratives and Family Care BT - Background Paper for the SOEP-IS Module 2021/22 N2 - Within the Preparation Module for the Einstein Center for Population Diversity (ECPD), diverse research institutions came together to provide new survey instruments for the innovation sample in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP-IS). With the goal of collecting insightful information about future narratives and family care, central topics of the ECPD research endeavor, factorial survey was chosen as a suitable method. A preliminary set of vignettes was designed conjointly, and before proceeding with the large-scale survey, a series of cognitive pretests were conducted to examine comprehensibility and context effects. In this study we describe the design and analysis of these cognitive pretests, with a special focus on the process of designing the final survey informed by the pretests’ feedback. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-41744 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4174 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dubash, Navroz K. A1 - Pillai, Aditya Valiathan A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Harrison, Kathyrn A1 - Hochstetler, Kathryn A1 - Lockwood, Matthew A1 - MacNeil, Robert A1 - Mildenberger, Matto A1 - Paterson, Matthew A1 - Teng, Fei A1 - Tyler, Emily T1 - National climate institutions complement targets and policies JF - Science N2 - Discussions about climate mitigation tend to focus on the ambition of emission reduction targets or the prevalence, design, and stringency of climate policies. However, targets are more likely to translate to near-term action when backed by institutional machinery that guides policy development and implementation. Institutions also mediate the political interests that are often barriers to implementing targets and policies. Yet the study of domestic climate institutions is in its infancy, compared with the study of targets and policies. Existing governance literatures document the spread of climate laws (1, 2) and how climate policy-making depends on domestic political institutions (3–5). Yet these literatures shed less light on how states organize themselves internally to address climate change. To address this question, drawing on empirical case material summarized in table S1, we propose a systematic framework for the study of climate institutions. We lay out definitional categories for climate institutions, analyze how states address three core climate governance challenges—coordination, building consensus, and strategy development—and draw attention to how institutions and national political contexts influence and shape each other. Acontextual “best practice” notions of climate institutions are less useful than an understanding of how institutions evolve over time through interaction with national politics. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm1157 VL - 374 IS - 6568 SP - 690 EP - 693 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Bernhard, Nadine A1 - Banscherus, Ulf T1 - Conditions for flexible transitions between vocational and academic education N2 - The lack of permeability between the vocational and the higher education systems has become a central concern of education policy in recent years. To meet the demands of a modern work environment as well as the needs of individual workers, the transition between the different education sectors must be facilitated. This policy brief identifies conditions necessary to successfully establish permeable structures between the vocational and the higher education systems in Germany and derives specific policy recommendations from this. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-41094 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bach, Tobias A1 - Jugl, Marlene A1 - Köhler, Dustin A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Regulatory agencies, reputational threats, and communicative responses JF - Regulation & Governance N2 - A key claim in bureaucratic reputation literature is that reputation has several dimensions. This presents agencies with a difficult choice concerning which dimension(s) they should emphasize in the management of their reputation. This paper analyzes how regulatory agencies manage their reputation through communicative responses to public judgments, based on a singlecase study of the German financial regulator BaFin. Our theoretical argument underscores the importance of different reputational dimensions for regulatory agencies that simultaneously considers their distinct reputation reserves. Our main finding was that BaFin prioritizes responses to public judgments targeting reputational dimensions that are central to its mission and for which the agency has a weak reputation, as opposed to judgments targeting dimensions that are central to its mission and for which it has a strong reputation, or judgments targeting peripheral dimensions. The paper demonstrates the importance of agency missions for reputation management and suggests directions for further research. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12421 SP - 1 EP - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - Bertolini, Elena T1 - Fundamental Rights as Constraints to and Triggers for Differentiated Integration JF - Swiss Political Science Review N2 - When looking for possible constraints on Differentiated Integration, the fundamental values of the European Union (EU) seem an obvious starting point. Both the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the values articulated in Art. 2 TEU are cross-cutting across EU states. However, while fundamental values have acted as centralising devices in other federal settings, in an EU context marked by extensive value disagreement, they may also act as pathways for differentiation. Insofar as national constitutional orders disagree on the scope of EU rights, attempts to ground EU law in fundamental values trigger inevitable interpretive conflicts across states. This paper will use the examples of asylum and the European Arrest Warrant to demonstrate this argument: while EU law may use fundamental values as a reason to harmonise EU law across states, such values may also be invoked to question the principle of mutual trust underlying the EU legal order, thereby causing rather than limiting differentiation. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12443 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 637 EP - 653 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. A1 - Steinert Threlkeld, Zachary C. T1 - Changing Sources: Social Media Activity During Civil War T2 - Digital Activism and Authoritarian Adaptation in the Middle East Y1 - 2021 UR - https://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/POMEPS_Studies_43_Draft3-1.pdf SP - 103 EP - 109 CY - Stanford ET - POMEPS Studies 43 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed A1 - Tymoszuk, Urszula A1 - Williamon, Aaron A1 - Miraldo, Marisa T1 - Socio-economic inequalities in arts engagement and depression among older adults in the United Kingdom: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing JF - Public Health N2 - Objectives Arts engagement has been positively linked with mental health and well-being; however, socio-economic inequalities may be prevalent in access to and uptake of arts engagement reflecting on inequalities in mental health. This study estimated socio-economic inequality and horizontal inequity (unfair inequality) in arts engagement and depression symptoms of older adults in England. Trends in inequality and inequity were measured over a period of ten years. Study design This is a repeated cross-sectional study. Methods In this analysis, we used data from six waves (waves 2 to 7) of the nationally representative English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We estimated socio-economic inequality using concentration curves that plot the distribution of arts engagement and depression symptoms against the distribution of wealth. A concentration index was used to measure the magnitude of the inequality. Unfair inequality was then calculated for need-standardised arts engagement using a horizontal inequity index (HII). Results The study sample included adults aged 50 years and older from waves 2 (2004/2005, n = 6620) to 7 (2014/2015, n = 3329). Engagement with cinema, galleries and theatre was pro-rich unequal, i.e. concentrated among the wealthier, but inequality in depression was pro-poor unequal, i.e. concentrated more among the less wealthy. While pro-rich inequality in arts engagement decreased from wave 2 (conc. index: 0·291, 95% confidence interval 0·27 to 0·31) to wave 7 (conc. index: 0·275, 95% confidence interval 0·24 to 0·30), pro-poor inequality in depression increased from wave 2 (conc. index: −0·164, 95% confidence interval -0·18 to −0·14) to wave 7 (conc. index: −0·189, 95% confidence interval -0·21 to −0·16). Depression-standardised arts engagement showed horizontal inequity that increased from wave 2 (HII: 0·455, 95% confidence interval 0·42 to 0·48) to wave 7 (HII: 0·464, 95% confidence interval 0·42 to 0·50). Conclusions Our findings suggest that while socio-economic inequality in arts engagement might appear to have reduced over time, once arts engagement is standardised for need, inequality has actually worsened over time and can be interpreted as inequitable (unfair). Relying on need-unstandardised estimates of inequality might thus provide a false sense of achievement to policy makers and lead to improper social prescribing interventions being emplaced. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.044 SN - 0033-3506 VL - 198 SP - 307 EP - 314 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Strebel, Alexandra A1 - Emmenegger, Patrick T1 - State-led bricolage and the extension of collective governance: Hybridity in the Swiss skill formation system JF - Regulation & Governance N2 - This paper explores the extension of collective governance to sectors without collective governance tradition. We introduce the concept of state-led bricolage to analyze the expansion of the Swiss apprenticeship training system – in which employer associations fulfill core collective governance tasks – to economic sectors in which training had previously followed a school-based and state-oriented logic. In deindustrializing societies, these sectors are key for the survival of collectively governed training systems. Through a mixed-methods analysis, we examine the reform process that led to the creation of new intermediary organizations that enable collective governance in these sectors. In addition, we compare the organizational features of these organizations with the respective organizations in the traditional crafts and industry sectors. We find that the new organizations result from state-led bricolage. They are hybrid organizations that reflect some of the bricoleur's core policy goals and critically build on the combination of associational and state-oriented institutional logics. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12436 SN - 1748-5991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Lukas T1 - How country size matters for institutional change: comparing skill formation policies in Germany and Switzerland JF - Comparative Education N2 - This paper argues that country size can play a crucial role in shaping the type of gradual change observed in collective skill formation systems. Collectively governed dual-apprenticeship training has its base in the industrial and crafts sectors of the economy and builds on the decentralised cooperation of multiple public and private stakeholders. As a result, it tends to be strongly path dependent, which favours gradual over radical forms of change. However, in recent years, dual-apprenticeship training has been increasingly challenged by the rise of the knowledge and service economy and the growing popularity of academic forms of education. In this context, I compare policy responses in Switzerland and Germany, which represent one small and one large collective skill formation system, respectively. The historical-institutionalist analysis finds that the dominant trajectory of change is conversion in Switzerland but layering in Germany, with different implications for the future viability of collective skill formation. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2021.1961354 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Tsourdi, Lilian T1 - The Evolution of EU Law on Refugees and Asylum T2 - The Evolution of EU Law N2 - In this contribution, we explore evolution and stasis in EU asylum law and policy. We identify two tensions at the heart of the CEAS, between the commitment to protection and deflection of protection obligations, and between internal mobility within the EU and the immobilization of asylum seekers and refugees. We note the role of these foundational tensions in generating and exacerbating the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015/16. This chapter is premised on a widely-shared understanding of the role of EU asylum policy in that crisis, namely that by illegalizing the travel of asylum seekers and refugees in search of protection, it contributes to the dangerous mass flight, which in turn generates humanitarian and political crises. We then analyse four key dimensions of EU asylum policy in light of these tensions: access to asylum, responsibility-allocation, legislative harmonisation, and institutionalised practical co-operation. Across these four fields, we identify the limits of EU law, and its general stasis, in spite of changes in Treaty telos, law-making processes, and EU enlargement. We briefly consider the role of the CJEU, still very much in the shadow of the ECtHR in asylum, in spite of its numerous rulings on the CEAS. Overall, we demonstrate its fairly minimalist approach in this area, avoidance of controversial cases by dubious use of inadmissibility findings, and failure to catalyse policy changes. Against this backdrop of legislative, political and judicial caution and inertia, we identify two key trends: a move towards greater institutional cooperation, including through the creation of a dedicated agency, the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), and a general flight from law in this policy field. We conclude by considering the likely impact of these trends on EU asylum law. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3735345 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Levi, Sebastian A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Koller, Florian A1 - Edmondson, Duncan T1 - Klimaschutz und Verkehr: Zielerreichung nur mit unbequemen Maßnahmen möglich. Ariadne-Analyse N2 - Die Klimaschutzziele für das Jahr 2030 sind im Verkehrssektor nur mit starken zusätzlichen Treibhausgasreduktionen erreichbar. Die beschlossenen Maßnahmen können laut gegenwärtigen Projektionen nur einen Bruchteil jener Emissionen reduzieren, welche für die Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele im Verkehrssektor notwendig wären. Um die politische Umsetzbarkeit zusätzlicher Klimaschutzmaßnahmen zu erörtern, analysieren wir die Emissionsminderungswirkung und die Bevölkerungsakzeptanz von 14 möglichen Maßnahmen, basierend auf Drittstudien und eigenen Erhebungen. Wir zeigen, dass die wirkungsstärksten Maßnahmen tendenziell eine geringe Zustimmung in der Bevölkerung erfahren, wobei die Lastenverteilung keinen sichtbaren Einfluss auf die Bevölkerungsakzeptanz hat. Maßnahmen, die in der Bevölkerung mehrheitlich unterstützt werden, führen nach gegenwärtigen Projektionen nur zu geringen Treibhausgasreduktionen, so dass die Erreichung der Klimaziele 2030 ohne kontroverse Maßnahmen wie höhere CO2-Preise oder einer flächendeckenden Maut unwahrscheinlich ist. Um die Befürwortung von gegenwärtig kontroversen Maßnahmen zu erhöhen, ist es notwendig, sichtbare Rückverteilungsmechanismen zu etablieren, Maßnahmen durch gruppenspezifische Kommunikation zu begleiten und die Einführung von Politikinstrumenten strategisch zu sequenzieren. KW - Centre for Sustainability Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/klimaschutz-und-verkehr-zielerreichung-nur-mit-unbequemen-massnahmen-moeglich/ ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ischinger, Wolfgang A1 - Nye, Jr., Joseph S. T1 - Mind the Gap: Priorities for Transatlantic China Policy – Report of the Distinguished Reflection Group on Transatlantic China Policy KW - Foreign Policy Y1 - 2021 UR - https://securityconference.org/en/publications/report-of-the-transatlantic-reflection-group-on-china/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.47342/GXWK1490 PB - Munich Security Conference, Mercator Institute for China Studies, Aspen Strategy Group CY - Munich/Berlin/Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Racine, Elise A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Epidemic modeling as a means to reimagine health education and policy post-COVID JF - Health Education N2 - Purpose As illustrated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epidemic models are powerful health policy tools critical for disease prevention and control, i.e. if they are fit for purpose. How do people ensure this is the case and where does health education fit in? Design/methodology/approach This research takes a multidisciplinary approach combining qualitative secondary and primary data from a literature review, interviews and surveys. The former spans academic literature, grey literature and course curriculum, while the latter two involve discussions with various modeling stakeholders (educators, academics, students, modeling experts and policymakers) both within and outside the field of epidemiology. Findings More established approaches (compartmental models) appear to be favored over emerging techniques, like agent-based models. This study delves into how formal and informal education opportunities may be driving this preference. Drawing from other fields, the authors consider how this can be addressed. Practical implications This study offers concrete recommendations (course design routed in active learning pedagogies) as to how health education and, by extension, policy can be reimagined post-COVID to make better use of the full range of epidemic modeling methods available. Originality/value There is a lack of research exploring how these methods are taught and how this instruction influences which methods are employed. To fill this gap, this research uniquely engages with modeling stakeholders and bridges disciplinary silos to build complimentary knowledge. KW - Health education, Health policy, Epidemiology, Modeling, Agent-based Models/ABM, Qualitative methods Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-02-2021-0028 SN - 0965-4283 VL - ahead of print ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - aus dem Moore, Nils A1 - Müller, Thorsten A1 - Kemmerzell, Jörg A1 - Edmondson, Duncan A1 - Görlach, Benjamin A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Knodt, Michèle A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Levi, Sebastian A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Pahle, Michael T1 - Wie die Governance der deutschen Klimapolitik gestärkt werden kann. Ariadne-Kurzdossier. N2 - Von der Sektorkopplung bis zum Wasserstoff, von der Umsetzung des Klimaschutzgesetzes bis hin zum europäischen Green Deal: Um Klimaneutralität zu erreichen, braucht es eine koordinierte und effektive Politiksteuerung über einzelne Ressorts hinweg. Klimapolitik ist Querschnittsaufgabe, denn von der Stromerzeugung über Industrie, Gebäude und Verkehr bis hin zur Landwirtschaft müssen alle Sektoren mit hohem Tempo treibhausgasneutral werden. Fachleute des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF geförderten Kopernikus-Projekts Ariadne haben zentrale Probleme der staatlichen Steuerung deutscher Klimapolitik untersucht und Lösungsoptionen vorgelegt. KW - Centre for Sustainability Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2021/11/Ariadne-Kurzdossier_Governance_November2021.pdf ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Levi, Sebastian T1 - Das deutsche Klimaschutzgesetz: Möglichkeiten einer sektorübergreifenden Klimagovernance. Ariadne-Hintergrund. N2 - Trotz des erheblichen Ausbaus der erneuerbaren Energien in der Vergangenheit hat Deutschland Schwierigkeiten, seine nationalen Klimaschutzziele zu erfüllen. Als Reaktion darauf hat der Deutsche Bundestag im Jahr 2019 ein nationales Klimaschutzgesetz (KSG) verabschiedet. In diesem Bericht analysieren wir die Governance der deutschen Klimapolitik vor der Verabschiedung des KSG, die wichtigsten Gestaltungselemente des KSG und das Potenzial des KSG, die Integration der deutschen Klimagovernance zu verbessern. Dabei stellen wir fest, dass die deutsche Klimagovernance vor dem KSG nur mäßig integriert war. Mit der Einführung des KSG und der dort spezifizierten Sektorziele wird Klimaschutz jedoch zu einem prioritären Politikziel in allen wirtschaftlichen Sektoren. Darüber hinaus können die im KSG beschlossenen Monitorings- und Nachsteuerungs-Bestimmungen dazu führen, dass sektorspezifische Maßnahmen über die Zeit immer besser mit den nationalen Klimaschutz-Zielen abgestimmt werden. Insgesamt fördert das KSG hierbei jedoch eher eine multisektorale als eine sektorübergreifende Klimagovernance und versäumt es dabei, die Koordinierung zwischen Sektoren und Ministerien zu stärken. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2021/11/Ariadne-Hintergrund_Klimaschutzgesetz_November2021.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Lohse, Anna Prisca T1 - Conditions for cross-border policy transfer and cooperation: Analysing differences between higher education and vocational training JF - Research in Comparative and International Education N2 - Against the backdrop of an increasingly interconnected world as well as the growing role of inter- and supranational organizations, policy transfer has become a widespread phenomenon, not least in the realm of education. While policy transfer research has focused predominantly on isolated education sectors, less is known about the overall institutional conditions that favour or inhibit policy movement in different education sectors. We argue that the conditions for cross-border policy synthesis, as a central form of policy transfer, differ systematically between the two main education sectors preparing for labour market entry, namely higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET). Taking the case of the cross-border region of France, Germany and Switzerland as an example, the institutional analysis shows that demand-side, programmatic, contextual and application conditions are more favourable towards cross-border policy synthesis in HE than VET. KW - Policy transfer KW - Policy synthesis KW - Higher education KW - Vocational education and training KW - Transfer conditions KW - International cooperation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999211057747 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 361 EP - 383 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Lohse, Anna Prisca ED - Bürgi, Regula ED - Gonon, Philipp T1 - Advanced Skill Formation between Vocationalization and Academization: The Governance of Professional Schools and Dual Study Programs in Germany T2 - Studies in Vocational and Continuing Education. Governance Revisited - Challenges and Opportunities for Vocational Education and Training N2 - Global trends, such as an ever-rising service economy, rapid technological change and digitalization, challenge skill formation systems. Focussing on European countries, this edited volume examines the variety of European VET governance and VET governance research. In particular, it provides insights into regional, local and decentralized governance at meso (e.g. professional associations) as well as micro level (e.g. learning arrangements). As such, the edited volume sheds light on the hitherto far less explored dimensions of VET governance and highlights challenges as well as opportunities in VET governance in the 21st century. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.peterlang.com/document/1150451 SN - 9783034343824 SN - 2235-7327 SP - 215 EP - 242 PB - Peter Lang CY - Lausanne ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Fleurbaey, Marc A1 - Kanbur, Ravi A1 - Snower, Dennis T1 - Efficiency and Equity in a Society-Economy Integrated Model N2 - A model that only focuses on economics relations, and in which efficiency and equity are defined in terms of resource allocation may miss an important part of the picture. We propose an integrated model that embeds economic activities in a larger game of social interactions, and define comprehensive notions of efficiency and equity. Social interactions provide additional sources of inefficiencies and inequalities, including through the mere lack of coordination between the regulation mechanisms of the economics sphere and the social sphere. Remedies may require more than market solutions and redistribution of resources. In particular, social norms are likely to play an important role. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2021/working-paper/efficiency-and-equity-society-economy-integrated-model ET - CESifo Working Paper No. 9259 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Leininger, Arndt A1 - Vlasenko, Anastasiia T1 - A Länder-Based Forecast of the 2021 German Bundestag Election JF - PS: Political Science & Politics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521000974 VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 79 EP - 84 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - van Daalen, Kim A1 - Anto, Joesp M. A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Drummond, Paul A1 - Hamilton, Ian G. A1 - Kendrovski, Vladimir A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Schmoll, Oliver A1 - Semenza, Jan C. A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Nilsson, Maria T1 - Tracking progress on health and climate change in Europe JF - The Lancet Public Health N2 - Left unabated, climate change will have catastrophic effects on the health of present and future generations. Such effects are already seen in Europe, through more frequent and severe extreme weather events, alterations to water and food systems, and changes in the environmental suitability for infectious diseases. As one of the largest current and historical contributors to greenhouse gases and the largest provider of financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation, Europe’s response is crucial, for both human health and the planet. To ensure that health and wellbeing are protected in this response it is essential to build the capacity to understand, monitor, and quantify health impacts of climate change and the health co-benefits of accelerated action. Responding to this need, the Lancet Countdown in Europe is established as a transdisciplinary research collaboration for monitoring progress on health and climate change in Europe. With the wealth of data and academic expertise available in Europe, the collaboration will develop region-specific indicators to address the main challenges and opportunities of Europe’s response to climate change for health. The indicators produced by the collaboration will provide information to health and climate policy decision making, and will also contribute to the European Observatory on Climate and Health. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00207-3 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Bernhard, Nadine A1 - Banscherus, Ulf T1 - Bedingungen für flexible Übergänge zwischen beruflicher und akademischer Bildung T2 - Hertie Policy Briefs N2 - Die mangelnde Durchlässigkeit zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung ist in den letzten Jahren bundesweit zu einem bildungspolitischen Kernthema geworden. Um den neuen Anforderungen der Arbeitswelt sowie individuellen Bedürfnissen gerecht zu werden, müssen die Übergänge im Bildungssystem erleichtert werden. Dieser Policy brief identifiziert mögliche Bedingungen für die erfolgreiche Etablierung durchlässiger Strukturen zwischen Berufs- und Hochschulbildung und leitet daraus konkrete Politikempfehlungen ab. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-41611 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Levi, Sebastian T1 - Germany’s Federal Climate Change Act JF - Environmental Politics N2 - Despite significant renewable energy expansion in the past, Germany has encountered difficulties in meeting its national greenhouse gas emission targets. In response, Germany adopted the Federal Climate Change Act (CCA) in 2019. We analyze the state of climate governance in Germany before the CCA, the main design elements of the CCA, and assess the potential of the CCA to change German climate governance. Drawing on policy integration theory and 26 semi-structured interviews with senior policymakers and stakeholders, we find that German climate governance before the CCA was only moderately integrated. The sectoral emission targets legislated by the CCA make climate change mitigation a priority sector goal in non-energy sectors, and CCA provisions for monitoring, assessing and implementing policy reforms promise to enhance alignment of instruments with targets over time. Overall, the CCA advances a multi- rather than cross-sector climate governance, failing to advance coordination across sectors and ministries. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1980288 VL - 30 IS - sup1 SP - 118 EP - 140 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lam, Marcus A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Charitable Foundations T2 - Encyclopedia of Social Work N2 - Foundations are private institutions for public benefit. With a long history that reaches back to antiquity, inside the United States and globally, foundations are a growing organizational form that policy makers increasingly view with both potential (as a source of private funds to complement government services) and caution (given their autonomy and low level of accountability). Alongside the rise in commerce and finance, foundations experienced an initial growth period in the late Middle Ages and a second in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, following the Industrial Revolution. Political stability, an increase in demand for social, educational, and cultural services of all kinds, and economic prosperity are certainly significant factors behind this growth. Since the dawn of the 21st century, foundations have remained the primary legal structure through which newly minted and emerging wealthy individuals practice their philanthropy. The foundation form, or some similar iteration, is growing not just in many Western democratic countries but even in communist and other political regimes such as China and Russia. The reason for this growth is the way in which foundations have been envisioned as instruments of welfare state reform in the broadest sense. This growth implies a more important role for foundations as providers of relief to those most in need, protectors of traditional institutions and the status quo, and, to a lesser extent, as change agents. In particular, this is apparent among the “new philanthropists” of the 21st century, drawn from technology entrepreneurs, who are more actively engaged in public policy. KW - charity KW - philanthropy KW - nonprofit sector Y1 - 2021 SN - 9780199975839 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.46 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Filip, Alexandru T1 - “Managing the Impossible?” Comparing How Countries Address the Dahrendorf Quandary JF - Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice N2 - This paper examines the policy approaches and measures that developed market economies countries have adopted to “manage” what has become known as the Dahrendorf Quandary, a profound challenge facing globalizing economies: over time, staying economically competitive requires either adopting measures detrimental to the cohesion of society or restricting civil liberties and political participation. Examining a range of countries over time, it is found that their policy choices and subsequent performance are too varied to support the inevitable, almost mechanical, incompatibility the Quandary implies. While balancing the relationship between economic globalization, social cohesion, and democracy continues to be a major challenge for developed market economies, results show they are not helpless in what Dahrendorf feared to be a Herculean task of “squaring the circle” among incompatible trends. In other words, while the tensions the Quandary posits apply, they nonetheless need not lead to similar or negative outcomes. KW - civil society Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2021.1945418 SN - 1387-6988 SP - 1 EP - 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krlev, Gorgi A1 - Mildenberger, Georg A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Innovation and societal transformation – what changes when the ‘social’ comes in? JF - International Review of Applied Economics N2 - Climate emergency, social inequalities, poverty, or racism represent only some entries on a growing list of pressing issues that concern society. Scholars are trying to play their part in investigating and informing effective action on these grand challenges of our times (Howard-Grenville et al. 2019). Across geographic contexts and fields of activity, social innovation moves into the centre of attention across the social sciences as an effective response to these challenges (Anheier, Krlev, & Mildenberger, 2019; George et al. 2019; Howaldt et al. 2019; Jacobi, Edmiston, and Ziegler 2017; Rao-Nicholson, Vorley, and Khan 2017). Current examples of social innovation range from new employment models built on a special ability image of disability (Hockerts 2015), to decentralised renewable energy production (Huybrechts and Haugh 2017), to new forms of contracting social service provision, such as social impact bonds (Edmiston and Nicholls 2017). However, social innovation is not a new phenomenon. Historical examples comprise social housing (Schimpf et al. 2020) and public freshwater supply (Schimpf and Ziegler 2020), or mutual and co-operative movements (Tischer et al. 2016). Also, explicit references to social innovation in the social sciences date at least back to the late 1980s (Zapf 1989). And yet we are still in search for a systematic overview of the complications of understanding innovation and societal transformation when the ‘social’ comes in – while most agree social innovation is somehow different from ‘innovation as we know it’ (Dawson and Daniel 2010; Nicholls and Murdock 2012; Oosterlynck 2013; Van Wijk et al. 2018 to name but a few). The diversity of engaged actors and proponents of social innovation is one component in making its investigation challenging. Social innovation is promoted by civil society organizations such as social enterprises (Ramus et al. 2018; Seelos and Mair 2017), firms (Phillips et al. 2015), or public administration (Moulaert et al. 2007). A second component is represented by the circumstance that social innovation is often not a single service or product (Krlev, Anheier, and Mildenberger 2019a), but may comprise complex social processes such as shifts in public discourse as currently witnessed in the Black Lives Matter movement, for example. Scholars have recently drawn on both of these components and as a way to deal with the resulting specificities suggested a multi-level perspective analysis (Pel et al. 2020), which has a tradition in the literature on socio-technological transitions that may span decades of analysis (Geels 2002). In addition to approaches that provide us with the bigger picture of the social innovation process, we need to advance knowledge about how organizational conditions may affect social innovation performance (Shier, Handy, and Jennings 2019; Tortia, Degavre, and Poledrini 2020) as well as the (potential) impacts and outcomes social innovators may create (Berzin, Pitt-Catsouphes, and Gaitan-Rossi 2015; Taylor, Torugsa, and Arundel 2019) – as a goal and as a by-product in the process of innovating socially. The articles in our special issue are contributing to these emergent streams of literature. KW - civil society Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2020.1820247 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 529 EP - 540 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naujoks, Tabea A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Dummert, Sandra T1 - The division of child care during the coronavirus crisis in Germany: How did short-time work affect fathers' engagement? JF - Journal of Family Research N2 - Objective: This paper examines how participation in the short-time work scheme affected the gendered division of child care during the COVID-19 crisis in Germany. Background: Short-time work (Kurzarbeit) has been one of the main policies used to combat the economic and labour market repercussions of the coronavirus pandemic in Germany. We examine whether and, if so, how the growing prevalence of short-time work has affected care patterns. Method: We use data from the IAB-HOPP, a longitudinal study monitored by the German Institute for Employment Research (IAB). The analytical sample includes couples with children aged 12 and younger. We employ multinomial logistic regressions in which the outcome variable is the change in the division of care work from a period before to a period during the coronavirus crisis (June to October 2020). Results: We find that among men, receiving short-time work benefits resulted in more gender-equal care patterns. The positive effect of short-time work on the division of child care is moderated by the level of education. Fathers with low or medium education are more likely to increase their child care share when receiving short-time work benefits compared to fathers with high education. However, we also find that participating in the short-time work programme had no strong or significant effects on the gendered division of care among women. Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggests that men’s working time is a major vehicle to change the gendered division of care in couple households. KW - father's involvement, employment, Germany, gendered division of care Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-717 ER -