TY - JOUR A1 - Darius, Philipp T1 - Who polarizes Twitter? Ideological polarization, partisan groups and strategic networked campaigning on Twitter during the 2017 and 2021 German Federal elections 'Bundestagswahlen' JF - Social Network Analysis and Mining N2 - Political campaign activities are increasingly digital. A crucial part of digital campaigning is communication efforts on social media platforms. As a forum for political discourse and political communication, parties and candidates on Twitter share public messages and aim to attract media attention and persuade voters. Party or prominent candidate hashtags are a central element of the campaign communication strategy since journalists and citizens search for these hashtags to follow the current debate concerning the hashed party or political candidate. Political elites and partisans use social media strategically, e.g., to link their messages to a broader debate, increase the visibility of messages, criticize other parties, or take over their hashtags (hashjacking). This study investigates the cases of the most recent 2017 and 2021 German federal elections called 'Bundestagswahlen'. The investigation (1) identifies communities of partisans in retweet networks in order to analyze the polarization of the most prominent hashtags of parties, 2) assesses the political behavior by partisan groups that amplify messages by political elites in these party networks, and 3) examines the polarization and strategic behavior of the identified partisan groups in the broader election hashtag debates using #BTW17 and #BTW21 as the prominent hashtags of the 2017 and 2021 elections. While in 2017, the far-right party 'Alternative für Deutschland' (AfD) and its partisans are in an isolated community, in 2021, they are part of the same community as the official party accounts of established conservative and liberal parties. This broader polarization may indicate changes in the political ideology of these actors. While the overall activity of political elites and partisans increased between 2017 and 2021, AfD politicians and partisans are more likely to use other party hashtags, which resulted in the polarization of the observed parts of the German political twitter sphere. While in 2017, the AfD polarized German Twitter, 2021 shows a broader division along the classical left–right divide. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00958-w VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nikiforova, Anastasija A1 - McBride, Keegan T1 - Open government data portal usability: A user-centred usability analysis of 41 open government data portals JF - Telematics and Informatics N2 - Open government data, as a phenomena, may be considered an important and influential innovation that has the potential to drive the creation of public value via enabling the prevention of corruption, increase in accountability and transparency, and driving the co-creation of new and innovative services. However, in order for open government data to be fully taken advantage of, it must be found, understood, and used. Though many countries maintain open government data portals, the usability of said portals can vary greatly; this is important to understand as the usability of a portal likely impacts the eventual reuse of the data made available there. Acknowledging the importance of portal usability to the data reuse process, this paper helps to elucidate some initial insights by asking two questions: “How can the usability of open government data portals be evaluated and compared across contexts?” and “What are the most commonly missing usability aspects from open government data portals?”. In order to answer these research questions, a subset of 41 national open government data portals were selected for an in-depth usability analysis drawing on the feedback from 40 individual users. As a result of this analysis, the paper is able to make three primary contributions: (1) the validation of a framework for open government data portal usability analysis, (2) develops an initial comparative international ranking of open government data portal usability, and (3) identifies commonly occurring portal usability strengths and weaknesses across contexts. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101539 VL - 58 IS - May 2021, 101539 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - van Noordt, Colin A1 - Misuraca, Gianluca A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard T1 - Towards a Systematic Understanding on the Challenges of Procuring Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector T2 - SocArXiv Papers N2 - There is an increased interest amongst governments and public sector organisations about how to best integrate artificial intelligence into their day-to-day business processes. Yet, a large majority of technical know how is concentrated within the private sector, requiring most public sector organisations to rely on public procurement for AI systems. While many governments may have experience with traditional forms of public technological procurement, this paper argues that the public procurement of AI is different and new insight is needed to understand this differentiation and procure AI better. This paper offers an initial contribution to the public administration and management literature by describing this difference, and identifying the challenges associated with the public procurement of AI. In order to achieve this contribution, the research studied guidelines in four European countries (Estonia, Netherlands, Serbia, and the United Kingdom) to generate insight into the challenges faced, and potential solutions to these challenges, during the public procurement of AI process. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/un649/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/un649 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rackwitz, Maike T1 - Fraught with tension? A machine-learning approach to termination traits of public corporations in English and German local governments JF - Public Management Review N2 - Corporatization has gained scholarly attention in recent years, yet little is known regarding why many corporations are eventually terminated, and what happens to their form and functions thereafter. Reinternalizing services is one option local governments may pursue. This paper focuses on the impact of tensions (systemic contradictions) on this final resolution reached: Do local governments choose or refuse reinternalization? Conducting machine learning, I predict termination outcomes based on an original dataset of 244 ceased English and German companies (2010–2020). The results show that macrosystemic tensions are more relevant for resourcing decisions and reinternalization is less likely to be caused by formal ownership issues. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2204323 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Nõmmik, Steven A1 - Bello, Benedetta A1 - Boon, Jan A1 - Van Doninck, Dries A1 - Downe, James A1 - Randma-Liiv, Tiina T1 - Deconstructing complexity: A comparative study of government collaboration in national digital platforms and smart city networks in Europe JF - Public Policy and Administration N2 - This research deconstructs complexity as a key challenge of intergovernmental digitalisation projects. While much of the literature acknowledges that the fundamental restructuring coupled with technical capacity that these joint projects require leads to increased complexity, little is known about how different types of complexity interact within the collaborative process. Using established concepts of substantive, strategic, and institutional complexity, we apply complexity theory in collaborative digital environments. To do so, eight digital projects are analysed that differ by state structure and government level. Using a cross-case design with 50 semi-structured expert interviews, we find that each digitalisation project exhibits all types of complexity and that these complexities overlap. However, clear differences emerge between national and local level projects, suggesting that complexity in digitalisation processes presents different challenges for collaborative digitalisation projects across contexts. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767231169401 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Palaric, Enora A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - A shift in paradigm? Collaborative public administration in the context of national digitalization strategies JF - Governance N2 - Despite claims of a paradigmatic shift toward the increased role of networks and partnerships as a form of governance—driven and enabled by digital technologies—the relation of “Networked Governance” with the pre-existing paradigms of “Traditional Weberian Public Administration” and “New Public Management” remains relatively unexplored. This research aims at collecting systematic evidence on the dominant paradigms in digitalization reforms in Europe by comparing the doctrines employed in the initial and most recent digitalization strategies across eight European countries: Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom. We challenge the claim that Networked Governance is emerging as the dominant paradigm in the context of the digitalization of the public sector. The findings confirm earlier studies indicating that information and communication technologies tend to reinforce some traditional features of administration and the recentralization of power. Furthermore, we find evidence of the continued importance of key features of “New Public Management” in the digital era. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12778 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JFULL ED - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Bennett, Lance T1 - Special Issue on Tech Companies and Public Interest T2 - Information, Communication & Society Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rics20/26/1 VL - 26 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Palaric, Enora T1 - A shift towards collaboration? Evidence from national digitalisation strategies JF - dms – der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management N2 - This paper seeks to better understand the paradigm shift towards ‘networked governance’ in digitalisation discourse. Little is known about the link between digitalisation reforms and the main reform paradigms in public management studies. By analysing French and German national digitalisation strategies over time, we find that neo-Weberian, new public management, and networked governance discourses co-exist within the digital era, although networked governance rhetoric is increasingly influential. However, a closer examination reveals that this shift in discourse is unrelated to the increased integration of nonstate actors in actual decision-making and service delivery. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.vXiX.273808 VL - 16 IS - 1-2023 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elston, Thomas A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Bel, Germà T1 - Going separate ways: ex-post interdependence and the dissolution of collaborative relations JF - International Public Management Journal N2 - Interdependence is typically regarded as the cause of inter-organizational collaboration. But it is also a consequence. Collaboration itself creates new interdependence as partners become more entwined in one another’s operations and experience the vetoes, compromises, delays, and risks inherent in joint working. This paradox – mitigating one set of interdependencies by creating another – renders collaborative relations inherently unstable. Dissolution may occur if “ex-post” interdependence becomes more troublesome than the original “ex-ante” trigger for the partnership. We test this proposition through comparative analysis of 13 sustained, aborted, and dissolved inter-municipal cooperations in English local government. Ex-post interdependence was most pronounced in those partnerships that ended in dissolution, and informed the design of replacement arrangements. It was also a contributory factor in the abortive cases. But ex-post interdependence was minimized in the group of sustained collaborations by management actions that streamlined the coordination burden imposed by joint working. These findings have implications for partnership design, the collaborator’s skillset, and theories of collaborative public management. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2023.2271468 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Raffer, Christian T1 - Shifts in local governments’ corporatization intensity: Evidence from German cities JF - Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory N2 - Why do local governments create and reform public service companies, given their uncertain economic benefits and potential damage to accountability and service transparency? Taking an extended transaction cost perspective, we argue that corporatization—the provision of public services by publicly owned companies—is a function of fiscal hardship, the decision maker’s economic orientation and the level of operator transparency. Using a two-way fixed effects regression, we test this expectation on 680 investment reports of 34 German cities from 1998 to 2017, representing 11,062 year-corporatized entity combinations. We show that the drivers of corporatization are sensitive to the depth of local ownership analyzed. In doing so, we highlight the theoretical need and potential for conceptual differentiation between ownership levels along a corporation’s lineage. Exploiting the data’s panel structure, we also find that the intensity of corporatization has heightened since the late 1990s, largely due to increasingly complex corporate structures of indirect ownership. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muae001 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rackwitz, Maike T1 - Understanding the causes, dynamics, and consequences of corporatization: An analysis of local government evidence in England and Germany N2 - This dissertation explores corporatization–the provision of public services by publicly-owned companies–as a specific public management reform that has strongly been endorsed in the last decades. However, despite the significance of corporatization in public administration and the controversy over its viability as a strategy for enhancing public service provision, there is limited empirical research on its trajectory and associated effects. This dissertation fills this important gap in the literature by examining the causes, dynamics, and consequences of corporatization. It challenges the claim that we are witnessing a resurgence of the state in recent years, resulting in a pendulum shift from the private to the public sector. A mixed-methods approach is employed to analyze three original datasets from English and German local government contexts. Theoretical perspectives rooted in rational choice are complemented by those accounting for irrational ambiguity to capture the unique ambidexterity of corporatization. After clarifying the theoretical background in Chapter 1, this exploration unfolds across three empirical chapters. Chapter 2 investigates what drives corporatization. It reveals that ownership structures in corporatization have become increasingly complex and political–rather than economic–incentives may explain shifts toward indirect municipal ownership. Chapter 3 examines what causes corporatization to reverse. It shows that a return of services to the core local government after a company closes is less likely than other forms of service provision, while the type of service is the factor that matters most for termination decisions. Chapter 4 analyzes how local governments experience and cope with reverse corporatization. Local governments and their employees evidently and mutually impact the return process, which can induce private sector-informed change within the bureaucracy, albeit with limited transformative power. Ultimately, this dissertation finds no clear evidence of a pendulum shift toward the local public sector. This conclusion follows from conceptual and empirical differentiation and depends on how corporatization is framed, as well as on the specific country, service type, and dimension of public influence considered. It also suggests that the notion of the pendulum shift needs reevaluation. For practitioners, this holds several implications that encourage optimism about reform, and advise against an arbitrary approach to diversifying costs. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 04/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50441 N1 - Parts of the dissertation have been published: Chapter 3. Termination traits of local government corporatization This is an original manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Public Management Review on 26 April 2023, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2204323 Rackwitz, M. (2023). Fraught with tension? A machine-learning approach to termination traits of public corporations in English and German local governments. Public Management Review, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2204323 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D004 + 2023D004+1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Darius, Philipp T1 - Are social media platforms accelerators of democratic fragmentation? An inquiry into the relationship of democratic fragmentation and social media platforms in three political arenas: political campaigns, protest movements and democratic institutions N2 - Whilst social media platforms provide global communication environments, these platforms are not primarily designed for political debates. This may have adverse effects on democracy and contribute to democratic fragmentation. This dissertation project investigates the role of social media platforms as potential accelerators of fragmentation in established democracies. The overarching question of this dissertation explores to what extent social media platforms may contribute to fragmentation that may result in the erosion of democracy. This dissertation comprises three articles focusing on three political arenas 1) political campaigns, 2) protest movements, and 3) democratic institutions. The first paper investigates the polarisation of online political behaviour on Twitter in democratic election campaigns. The analysis is based on Twitter data of German political parties and election hashtags during the final week of the 2017 and 2021 German Federal elections. The study’s findings suggest that the far-right party AfD seeks to polarise online discourse as a strategy and that far-right online partisans may influence the public reception of politicians and established parties. The second paper examines the formation of protest movements on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The study monitors two established conspiracy narratives and their communities on Twitter, the anti-vaccination and anti-5G communities, before and during the first UK lockdown. The study finds that, despite content moderation efforts by Twitter, conspiracy groups were able to proliferate their messages and influence broader public discourses on Twitter, such as #Lockdown in the United Kingdom. The findings underline social platforms' potential for protest formation that can result in disinformed social movements. The third paper inspects social platform companies’ mimicking of democratic institutions like Meta’s oversight board for content decisions that may erode existing democratic institutions. The study traces the emergence of the supreme court metaphor for Meta’s oversight board and its use in the US News discourse. The findings emphasise how private organisations and the use of constitutional metaphors can erode the legitimacy of supreme courts and other democratic institutions. The dissertation’s findings imply that social media platforms, besides their democratically desirable function for democratic participation and deliberative potentials, contribute to democratic fragmentation in the inspected arenas of political campaigns, disinformed protest movements and democratic institutions. Thus, extended research data access is key to better understanding the social implications of social media platforms and finding adequate regulations of recommender systems, content moderation, and advertisement-based business models. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 06/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50557 N1 - Parts of the dissertation have been published: Chapter 3: Darius P (2022) “Who Polarizes Twitter? Ideological Polarisation, Partisan Groups and Strategic Networked Campaigning on Twitter during the 2017 and 2021 German Federal Elections ‘Bundestagswahlen.’” Social Network Analysis and Mining 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00958-w. The version of record of this article, first published in Social Network Analysis and Mining, is available online at the Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00958-w Chapter 4: Darius P, Urquhart M (2021) “Disinformed Social Movements: A Large-Scale Mapping of Conspiracy Narratives as Online Harms during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Online Social Networks and Media 26: 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2021.100174 Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Chapter 5: Cowls J, Darius P, Santistevan D, Schramm M (2022) “Constitutional Metaphors: Facebook’s ‘Supreme Court’ and the Legitimation of Platform Governance.” New Media & Society, April 5, 2022, 14614448221085560. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221085559 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D006 + 2023D006+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Race to the Bottom: Media Marketization and Increasing Negativity Toward the United States in China JF - Political Communication in China: Convergence or Divergence Between the Media and Political System? N2 - This article examines how Chinese newspapers respond to opposing demands by audiences and Propaganda Department authorities about news regarding the United States when competition poses pressure on marketized media to make a profit. To examine the tone of news reporting about the U.S., I rely on a computer-aided text analysis of news stories published in the People's Daily and the Beijing Evening News, comparing the years 1999 and 2003 before and after the rise of commercialized newspapers in the Beijing newspaper market. Results show that the emergence of news competitors may exert pressure on less marketized papers to change news content, resulting in an increase of negative news about the United States. Evidence is provided to show that the rise of negative news is unlikely to result from an intended strategy by Propaganda authorities, actions undertaken by the American government, or journalists' own attitudes. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2011.572447 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 268 EP - 290 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Responsive Authoritarianism in Chinese Media and Other Authoritarian Contexts JF - Political Communication Report Y1 - 2015 UR - http://politicalcommunication.org/websites/polcomm_old/newsletter_25_1_stockmann.html VL - 25 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Carlson, Allen ED - Gallagher, Mary E. ED - Lieberthal, Kenneth ED - Manion, Melanie T1 - Information Overload? Collecting, Managing, and Analyzing Chinese Media Content T2 - Contemporary Chinese Politics: New Sources, Methods, and Field Strategies Y1 - 2010 SN - 9780521155762, 978-0521197830, 978-0521197830 N1 - Also published as: Meiti zai kandai ouzhouren shi dui minzu zhongxin zhuyi de yingxiang (Media Influence on Ethnocentrism Towards Europeans).” In Lisheng Dong et al., eds, 2012. Latest Data, Contributing Factors and Policy Implications, (Beijing: China Social Sciences Academic Press), pp. 257-76. SP - 107 EP - 128 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Dong, Lisheng ED - Wang, Zhengxu ED - Dekker, Henk T1 - Media Influence on Ethnocentrism Towards Europeans T2 - Chinese Views of the EU: Public Support for a Strong Relation Y1 - 2013 SN - 9781136753244 N1 - Chapter 10 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting T1 - Which Social Media Facilitate Online Public Opinion in China? JF - Problems of Post-Communism N2 - Why does online public opinion emerge in some social media more easily than in others? Building on research on authoritarian deliberation, we describe spaces for political discussion in Chinese cyberspace in terms of interactivity, which results in different forms of political discussion. Drawing on semi-structured qualitative expert interviews with information and communications technology professionals at Tencent, Weibo, and Baidu, we explain how major social media differ in terms of their structure and the company’s motivation. We specify which features are more likely to facilitate the emergence of online public opinion in Chinese social media and provide preliminary evidence from 92 semi-structured interviews with Internet users. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2017.1289818 VL - 64 IS - 3-4 SP - 189 EP - 202 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Gallagher, Mary E. T1 - Remote Control: How the Media Sustains Authoritarian Rule in China JF - Comparative Political Studies N2 - This study examines the role of the media in sustaining regime stability in an authoritarian context. The article engages the recent work on authoritarian resilience in comparative politics but goes beyond the standard focus on elections to other important institutions, such as the media and courts, that are used by authoritarian leaders to bolster legitimacy. The authors find that the Chinese media contribute to regime legitimacy and effective rule by propagandizing citizens’ experiences in the legal system. However, unlike the “mouthpieces” of earlier communist regimes, the marketized Chinese media provide more convincing and sophisticated messages that continue to accord with state censorship demands while satisfying readers’ interest in real-life stories and problems. The “positive propaganda” and the relative uniformity of information sources because of state censorship lead aggrieved citizens to the law as a realm for dispute resolution and rights protection. Statistical analysis of a randomly sampled survey conducted in four Chinese cities in 2005 demonstrates that exposure to media reporting about labor-law-related issues successfully promotes the image of a proworker bias in the law among citizens, thus encouraging them to participate in the legal system. The state is able to achieve its political goal because of the lack of conflicting sources of information and the lack of previous experience with the reformed legal system among citizens. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010394773 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 436 EP - 467 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - One Size Doesn't Fit All: Measuring News Reception East and West JF - The Chinese Journal of Communication N2 - This article investigates how and why measures developed in the American context yield different results in China. Research in the United States has shown that a person's level of political knowledge is a stronger and more consistent predictor of news reception compared to alternative measures, such as media consumption or education. Yet a case study of news reception of pension reform in Beijing demonstrates that attentiveness and education constitute more valid indicators than knowledge. These differences in the empirical findings may result from translation from English into Chinese as well as specifics of the Chinese education system. However, when using valid measures the relationship between attentiveness and news reception is strong among Beijing residents, revealing that information-processing works as anticipated based on American media research. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23950 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 140 EP - 157 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Dong, Lisheng ED - Kriesi, Hanspeter ED - Kübler, Daniel T1 - The Chinese Internet Audience: Who Seeks Political Information Online? T2 - Urban Mobilization and New Media in Contemporary China Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-4724-3097-7 PB - Ashgate CY - Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Van der Walle, Steven A1 - Andrews, Rhys A1 - Bezes, Philippe T1 - Public Administration Reforms in Europe BT - The View from the Top N2 - Based on a survey of more than 6700 top civil servants in 17 European countries, this book explores the impacts of New Public Management (NPM)-style reforms in Europe from a uniquely comparative perspective. It examines and analyses empirical findings regarding the dynamics, major trends and tools of administrative reforms, with special focus on the diversity of top executives’ perceptions about the effects of those reforms. Y1 - 2016 SN - 9781783475391 SN - 9781788117647 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ; Northampton, MA, USA ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Tromble, Bekah A1 - Storz, Andreas A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - We Don't Know What We Don't Know: When and How the Use of Twitter's Public APIs Biases Scientific Inference Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3079927 N1 - Presented at the conference on Materiality, Publicness, and Digital Media, University of Amsterdam, October 25-26, 2016 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Falk, Svenja A1 - Silverman, Michael T1 - Digital Government: Leveraging Innovation to Improve Public Sector Performance and Outcomes for Citizens N2 - This book focuses on the implementation of digital strategies in the public sectors in the US, Mexico, Brazil, India and Germany. The case studies presented examine different digital projects by looking at their impact as well as their alignment with their national governments’ digital strategies. The contributors assess the current state of digital government, analyze the contribution of digital technologies in achieving outcomes for citizens, discuss ways to measure digitalization and address the question of how governments oversee the legal and regulatory obligations of information technology. The book argues that most countries formulate good strategies for digital government, but do not effectively prescribe and implement corresponding policies and programs. Showing specific programs that deliver results can help policy makers, knowledge specialists and public-sector researchers to develop best practices for future national strategies. Y1 - 2017 SN - 9783319387932 PB - Springer CY - New York/Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Towards Area-Smart Data Science: Critical Questions for Working with Big Data from China JF - Policy and Internet N2 - While the Internet was created without much governmental oversight, states have gradually drawn territorial borders via Internet governance. China stands out as a promoter of such a territorial‐based approach. China's separate Web infrastructure shapes data when information technologies capture traces of human behavior. As a result, area expertise can contribute to the substantive, methodological, and ethical debates surrounding big data. This article discusses how a number of critical questions that have been raised about big data more generally apply to the Chinese context: How does big data change our understanding of China? What are the limitations of big data from China? What is the context in which big data is generated in China? Who has access to big data and who knows the tools? How can big data from China be used in an ethical way? These questions are intended to spark conversations about best practices for collaboration between data scientists and China experts. KW - China KW - Big Data Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.192 IS - 10(4) SP - 393 EP - 414 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China KW - China KW - Authoritarianism KW - Media KW - Commercialization Y1 - 2013 UR - 9781107018440 SN - 9781107469624 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting ED - Delli Carpini, Michael X. T1 - Authoritarian Deliberation 2.0: Lurking and Discussing Politics in Chinese Social Media T2 - Digital Media and Democratic Futures KW - China KW - Digital Governance KW - Democracy Y1 - 2019 SN - 9780812295894 SP - 169 EP - 195 PB - University of Pennsylvania Press CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Baums, Theodor T1 - Media or Corporations? Social Media Governance between Public and Commercial Rationales T2 - Advances in Corporate Governance: Comparative Perspectives KW - Social Media Y1 - 2020 SN - 9780198866367 SP - 249 EP - 268 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting A1 - Shen, Mingming T1 - Designing authoritarian deliberation: how social media platforms influence political talk in China JF - Democratization N2 - Discussion is often celebrated as a critical element of public opinion and political participation. Recently, scholars have suggested that the design and features of specific online platforms shape what is politically expressed online and how. Building on these findings and drawing on 112 semi-structured qualitative interviews with information technology experts and internet users, we explain how major Chinese social media platforms differ in structure and motivation. Drawing upon a nationwide representative survey and an online experiment, we find that platforms aiming to make users a source of information through public, information-centred communication, such as the Twitter-like Weibo, are more conducive to political expression; while platforms built to optimize building social connections through private, user-centred communication, such as WhatsApp and Facebook-like WeChat, tend to inhibit political expression. These technological design effects are stronger when users believe the authoritarian state tolerates discussion, but less important when political talk is sensitive. The findings contribute to the debate on the political consequences of the internet by specifying technological and political conditions. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1679771 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 243 EP - 264 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Goldzweig, Rafael A1 - Wachinger, Marie A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Beyond Regulation: Approaching the challenges of the new media environment T2 - Dahrendorf Forum IV N2 - The spread of false information and hate speech has increased with the rise of social media. This paper critically examines this phenomenon and the reactions of governments and major corporations in Europe. Policymakers have turned towards national regulation as a means to manage false information and hate speech. This article looks into the legislative frameworks on the issue in Germany, France, the UK, the Czech Republic, and Italy and compares them. In response to such regulatory pressure, tech companies have been changing aspects of their platforms to deal with this trend, for example through content moderation. We propose tentative alternatives to this current approach towards reinforcing boundaries for freedom of expression. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.dahrendorf-forum.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Beyond-Regulation_Final.pdf VL - Working Paper No. 06 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wortham, Robert H. A1 - Gaudl, Swen E. A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Instinct: A Biologically Inspired Reactive Planner for Intelligent Embedded Systems JF - Cognitive Systems Research N2 - The Instinct Planner is a new biologically inspired reactive planner, based on an established behaviour based robotics methodology and its reactive planner component—the POSH planner implementation. It includes several significant enhancements that facilitate plan design and runtime debugging. It has been specifically designed for low power processors and has a tiny memory footprint. Written in C++, it runs eciently on both Arduino(Atmel AVR) and Microsoft VC++ environments and has been deployed within a low cost maker robot to study AI Transparency. Plans may be authored using a variety of tools including a new visual design language, currently implemented using the Dia drawing package. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.10.016 VL - 57 SP - 207 EP - 215 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bryson, Joanna ED - Dubber, Markus ED - Pasquale, Frank ED - Das, Sunit T1 - The Artificial Intelligence of the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: An Introductory Overview for Law and Regulation T2 - The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technical term often referring to artifacts used to detect contexts for human actions, or sometimes also for machines able to effect actions in response to detected contexts. Our capacity to build such artifacts has been increasing, and with it the impact they have on our society. This does not alter the fundamental roots or motivations of law, regulation, or diplomacy, which rest on persuading humans to behave in a way that provides sustainable security for humans. It does however alter nearly every other aspect of human social behaviour, including making accountability and responsibility potentially easier to trace. This chapter reviews the nature and implications of AI with particular attention to how they impinge on possible applications to and of law. Y1 - 2019 SN - 9780190067397 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190067397.013.1 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - The Past Decade and Future of AI’s Impact on Society T2 - Towards a New Enlightenment? A Transcendent Decade N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technical term referring to artifacts used to detect contexts or to effect actions in response to detected contexts. Our capacity to build such artifacts has been increasing, and with it the impact they have on our society. This article first documents the social and economic changes brought about by our use of AI, particularly but not exclusively focusing on the decade since the 2007 advent of smartphones, which contribute substantially to “big data” and therefore the efficacy of machine learning. It then projects from this political, economic, and personal challenges confronting humanity in the near future, including policy recommendations. Overall, AI is not as unusual a technology as expected, but this very lack of expected form may have exposed us to a significantly increased urgency concerning familiar challenges. In particular, the identity and autonomy of both individuals and nations is challenged by the increased accessibility of knowledge. Y1 - 2019 SN - 9788417141219 VL - 11 PB - BBVA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drapalova, Eliska A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Who Governs 4.0? Varieties of Smart Cities JF - Public Management Review N2 - Research on smart cities is still at an early stage. The conjecture of this article is that smart city strategies and their impacts will inevitably vary across contexts; however, the debate still lacks an analytical toolkit that guides the exploration of such varieties (and similarities) of smart cities. Combining existing research on the governance of smart cities with theories of business–state relations from political economy, this article develops an analytical framework and typology that captures varieties (and similarities) of smart city policies and governance. We apply this framework to four illustrative cases: Prague, Barcelona, Berlin, and Rio de Janeiro. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1718191 VL - 22 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Raffer, Christian T1 - Drei Schritte zur Digitalen Verwaltung Trend JF - Magazin für Soziale Marktwirtschaft Y1 - 2017 UR - https://issuu.com/wirtschaftsrat/docs/1702265_trend152_150dpi_final_web IS - 4/2017 SP - 30 EP - 31 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Trein, Phillipp ED - Klenk, Tanja ED - Nullmeier, Frank ED - Wewer, Göttrik T1 - Koordination und Integration im E-Government T2 - Handbuch Digitalisierung in Staat und Verwaltung N2 - Der föderale Staatsaufbau und die konsensorientierten Institutionen des deutschen Regierungssystems schaffen einen hohen Koordinationsbedarf und erschweren die Integration neuer Technologien und Politiken in bestehende Strukturen. Dies zeigt sich auch beim E-Government, also der Digitalisierung der Verwaltung. Besonders die föderale Organisation von Verwaltungszuständigkeiten verkompliziert die Koordination beim E-Government, während beispielsweise im Gesundheitsbereich die konsensorientierten Institutionen die Einführung technischer Innovationen verlangsamen. Gewisse Fortschritte Deutschlands sind im internationalen Vergleich gleichwohl zu erkennen. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-658-23669-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23669-4_53-1 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Palaric, Enora A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Meta-analysis of digitalisation strategies in eight European countries N2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A large body of literature claims that ICT and digitalisation have triggered broad organisational and cultural changes in public organisations. These changes have led many to conclude that a new era has begun that is characterised by collaboration within intra-and intersectoral networks and this has become a key paradigm for public sector governance and innovation. Yet, empirical evidence of a shift towards “Networked Governance” remains limited, and few have explored further the linkages between digitalisation and collaboration in the public sector. Work Package 6 of the TROPICO project addresses this void by providing a meta-analysis of the design, coordination, and implementation of national digitalisation strategies in eight European countries with different administrative traditions (Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and UK). By coding the countries’ first significant and most recent strategies, we examine whether there is evidence supporting the argument of a paradigmatic shift with respect to public sector governance and collaboration. The final analysis is based on 8496 codes and on an additional questionnaire filled out by the relevant TROPICO partners’ country teams. Based on our results we cannot conclude that a Networked Governance is emerging in the era of digital government, but rather find confirmation that all reform paradigms are present in governments’ digitalisation efforts. In fact, the way in which digital transformation of the public sector is put forward in the strategies may strengthen hierarchical patterns of command and control. Findings further indicate that over time collaboration has changed regarding scope and motives, while its intensity has remained relatively weak. Moreover, administrative traditions do not serve as explanatory approach for country variations in the context of digitalisation strategies. Rather, divergences are explained by the different geneses and purposes of the documents. However, we observe similarities in the perceived success factors: a common vision, cultural change, accessibility, leadership and trust are main recurring themes. Furthermore, we find no conclusive evidence that governance paradigms and collaborative arrangements in the digitalisation strategies influencethe performance of digital government. Lastly, in the conclusion of the report, we address some recommendations to practitioners for designing and implementing digitalisation strategies Y1 - 2019 UR - https://tropico-project.eu/download/d6-1-meta-analysis-of-e-government-digitalisation-strategies/?wpdmdl=1137&refresh=5edd7192271831591570834 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Palaric, Enora T1 - Government Collaboration and Digitalisation: Comparative Case Studies on Collaborative Management for Government Digitalisation and Public Sector Innovation Y1 - 2020 UR - https://tropico-project.eu/download/d6-3-government-collaboration-and-digitalisation-comparative-case-studies-on-collaborative-management-for-government-digitalisation-and-public-sector-innovation/?wpdmdl=1440&refresh=5edd7332646091591571250 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Palaric, Enora A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Internal collaboration as a cornerstone of national digitalisation strategies Empirical findings and recommendations Y1 - 2019 UR - https://tropico-project.eu/download/d6-2-policy-brief-internal-collaboration-as-a-cornerstone-of-national-digitalisation-strategies-empirical-findings-and-recommendations/?wpdmdl=1172&refresh=5edd72debc8aa1591571166 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J. T1 - The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing N2 - This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain’s inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. “Blockchain organizing” refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'être is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as “present-future convergence”. Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may “pull” the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54871 N1 - The second paper of the dissertation is currently under review at a journal. To protect the blind peer review process, the paper has been taken temporarily offline. This document temporarily replaces the original dissertation (Serial No. 10/2022): https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4498 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J. T1 - The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing N2 - This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain’s inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. “Blockchain organizing” refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'être is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as “present-future convergence”. Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may “pull” the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 10/2022 Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-44986 N1 - The second paper of the dissertation is currently under review at a journal. To protect the blind peer review process, the paper has been taken temporarily offline. A temporary replacement is available at https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5487 N1 - Shelf mark: 2022D010 + 2022D010+1 ER -