TY - CHAP A1 - Shah, Syed Attique A1 - Yahia, Sadok Ben A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Jamil, Akhtar A1 - Draheim, Dirk T1 - Twitter Streaming Data Analytics for Disaster Alerts T2 - 2021 2nd International Informatics and Software Engineering Conference (IISEC) N2 - In today's world, disasters, both natural and manmade, are becoming increasingly frequent, and new solutions are of a compelling need to provide and disseminate information about these disasters to the public and concerned authorities in an effective and efficient manner. One of the most frequently used ways for information dissemination today is through social media, and when it comes to real-time information, Twitter is often the channel of choice. Thus, this paper discusses how Big Data Analytics (BDA) can take advantage of information streaming from Twitter to generate alerts and provide information in real-time on ongoing disasters. The paper proposes TAGS (Twitter Alert Generation System), a novel solution for collecting and analyzing social media streaming data in realtime and subsequently issue warnings related to ongoing disasters using a combination of Hadoop and Spark frameworks. The paper tests and evaluates the proposed solution using Twitter data from the 2018 earthquake in Palu City, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The proposed architecture was able to issue alert messages on various disaster scenarios and identify critical information that can be utilized for further analysis. Moreover, the performance of the proposed solution is assessed with respect to processing time and throughput that shows reliable system efficiency. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-0759-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IISEC54230.2021.9672370 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stephany, Fabian A1 - Neuhäuser, Leonie A1 - Stoehr, Niklas A1 - Darius, Philipp A1 - Teutloff, Ole A1 - Braesemann, Fabian T1 - The CoRisk-Index: A Data-Mining Approach to Identify Industry-Specific Risk Perceptions Related to Covid-19 JF - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications N2 - The global spread of Covid-19 has caused major economic disruptions. Governments around the world provide considerable financial support to mitigate the economic downturn. However, effective policy responses require reliable data on the economic consequences of the corona pandemic. We propose the CoRisk-Index: a real-time economic indicator of corporate risk perceptions related to Covid-19. Using data mining, we analyse all reports from US companies filed since January 2020, representing more than a third of the US workforce. We construct two measures—the number of ‘corona’ words in each report and the average text negativity of the sentences mentioning corona in each industry—that are aggregated in the CoRisk-Index. The index correlates with U.S. unemployment rates across industries and with an established market volatility measure, and it preempts stock market losses of February 2020. Moreover, thanks to topic modelling and natural language processing techniques, the CoRisk data provides highly granular data on different dimensions of the crisis and the concerns of individual industries. The index presented here helps researchers and decision makers to measure risk perceptions of industries with regard to Covid-19, bridging the quantification gap between highly volatile stock market dynamics and long-term macroeconomic figures. For immediate access to the data, we provide all findings and raw data on an interactive online dashboard. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01039-1 VL - 9 IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stephany, Fabian A1 - Stoehr, Niklas A1 - Darius, Philipp A1 - Neuhäuser, Leonie A1 - Teutloff, Ole A1 - Braesemann, Fabian T1 - The CoRisk-Index: A data-mining approach to identify industry-specific risk assessments related to COVID-19 in real-time T2 - General Economics (econ.GN) N2 - While the coronavirus spreads, governments are attempting to reduce contagion rates at the expense of negative economic effects. Market expectations plummeted, foreshadowing the risk of a global economic crisis and mass unemployment. Governments provide huge financial aid programmes to mitigate the economic shocks. To achieve higher effectiveness with such policy measures, it is key to identify the industries that are most in need of support. In this study, we introduce a data-mining approach to measure industry-specific risks related to COVID-19. We examine company risk reports filed to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This alternative data set can complement more traditional economic indicators in times of the fast-evolving crisis as it allows for a real-time analysis of risk assessments. Preliminary findings suggest that the companies' awareness towards corona-related business risks is ahead of the overall stock market developments. Our approach allows to distinguish the industries by their risk awareness towards COVID-19. Based on natural language processing, we identify corona-related risk topics and their perceived relevance for different industries. The preliminary findings are summarised as an up-to-date online index. The CoRisk-Index tracks the industry-specific risk assessments related to the crisis, as it spreads through the economy. The tracking tool is updated weekly. It could provide relevant empirical data to inform models on the economic effects of the crisis. Such complementary empirical information could ultimately help policymakers to effectively target financial support in order to mitigate the economic shocks of the crisis. KW - COVID-19 KW - Coronavirus KW - Economic risk KW - Risk reports KW - SEC filings Y1 - 2020 UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12432v3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Race to the Bottom: Media Marketization and Increasing Negativity Toward the United States in China JF - Political Communication in China: Convergence or Divergence Between the Media and Political System? N2 - This article examines how Chinese newspapers respond to opposing demands by audiences and Propaganda Department authorities about news regarding the United States when competition poses pressure on marketized media to make a profit. To examine the tone of news reporting about the U.S., I rely on a computer-aided text analysis of news stories published in the People's Daily and the Beijing Evening News, comparing the years 1999 and 2003 before and after the rise of commercialized newspapers in the Beijing newspaper market. Results show that the emergence of news competitors may exert pressure on less marketized papers to change news content, resulting in an increase of negative news about the United States. Evidence is provided to show that the rise of negative news is unlikely to result from an intended strategy by Propaganda authorities, actions undertaken by the American government, or journalists' own attitudes. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2011.572447 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 268 EP - 290 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Responsive Authoritarianism in Chinese Media and Other Authoritarian Contexts JF - Political Communication Report Y1 - 2015 UR - http://politicalcommunication.org/websites/polcomm_old/newsletter_25_1_stockmann.html VL - 25 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Carlson, Allen ED - Gallagher, Mary E. ED - Lieberthal, Kenneth ED - Manion, Melanie T1 - Information Overload? Collecting, Managing, and Analyzing Chinese Media Content T2 - Contemporary Chinese Politics: New Sources, Methods, and Field Strategies Y1 - 2010 SN - 9780521155762, 978-0521197830, 978-0521197830 N1 - Also published as: Meiti zai kandai ouzhouren shi dui minzu zhongxin zhuyi de yingxiang (Media Influence on Ethnocentrism Towards Europeans).” In Lisheng Dong et al., eds, 2012. Latest Data, Contributing Factors and Policy Implications, (Beijing: China Social Sciences Academic Press), pp. 257-76. SP - 107 EP - 128 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Dong, Lisheng ED - Wang, Zhengxu ED - Dekker, Henk T1 - Media Influence on Ethnocentrism Towards Europeans T2 - Chinese Views of the EU: Public Support for a Strong Relation Y1 - 2013 SN - 9781136753244 N1 - Chapter 10 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - One Size Doesn't Fit All: Measuring News Reception East and West JF - The Chinese Journal of Communication N2 - This article investigates how and why measures developed in the American context yield different results in China. Research in the United States has shown that a person's level of political knowledge is a stronger and more consistent predictor of news reception compared to alternative measures, such as media consumption or education. Yet a case study of news reception of pension reform in Beijing demonstrates that attentiveness and education constitute more valid indicators than knowledge. These differences in the empirical findings may result from translation from English into Chinese as well as specifics of the Chinese education system. However, when using valid measures the relationship between attentiveness and news reception is strong among Beijing residents, revealing that information-processing works as anticipated based on American media research. Y1 - 2009 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23950 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750902826640 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 140 EP - 157 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Dong, Lisheng ED - Kriesi, Hanspeter ED - Kübler, Daniel T1 - The Chinese Internet Audience: Who Seeks Political Information Online? T2 - Urban Mobilization and New Media in Contemporary China Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-4724-3097-7 PB - Ashgate CY - Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Towards Area-Smart Data Science: Critical Questions for Working with Big Data from China JF - Policy and Internet N2 - While the Internet was created without much governmental oversight, states have gradually drawn territorial borders via Internet governance. China stands out as a promoter of such a territorial‐based approach. China's separate Web infrastructure shapes data when information technologies capture traces of human behavior. As a result, area expertise can contribute to the substantive, methodological, and ethical debates surrounding big data. This article discusses how a number of critical questions that have been raised about big data more generally apply to the Chinese context: How does big data change our understanding of China? What are the limitations of big data from China? What is the context in which big data is generated in China? Who has access to big data and who knows the tools? How can big data from China be used in an ethical way? These questions are intended to spark conversations about best practices for collaboration between data scientists and China experts. KW - China KW - Big Data Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.192 IS - 10(4) SP - 393 EP - 414 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China KW - China KW - Authoritarianism KW - Media KW - Commercialization Y1 - 2013 UR - 9781107018440 SN - 9781107469624 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Baums, Theodor T1 - Media or Corporations? Social Media Governance between Public and Commercial Rationales T2 - Advances in Corporate Governance: Comparative Perspectives KW - Social Media Y1 - 2020 SN - 9780198866367 SP - 249 EP - 268 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - China's cat-and mouse game blocking web content no model for EU JF - EUobserver Y1 - 2020 UR - https://euobserver.com/opinion/148415 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Tech companies and the public interest: the role of the state in governing social media platforms JF - Information, Communication & Society N2 - In the early days of the internet, it was hoped that digital technology would bring about democracy and positive outcomes for society. Recently, the debate has shifted towards tech lash with many critics pointing towards technology companies undermining democracy, stability, and sustainability. As a result, a new consensus seems to be emerging among policymakers, companies, and civil societal actors that self-regulation has to move towards co-regulation. This Special Issue of Information, Communication and Society draws together cutting-edge contributions on three core themes in scholarly and policy discourse on platform regulation: First, the papers in this special issue enhance empirical understandings of the role of the state in governing social media platforms developing in the United States, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Second, they provide a holistic framework to understand policy problems that need to be addressed, which helps to develop and evaluate new policy initiatives. Finally, papers point towards three approaches in governing social media platforms and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of content moderation, process-based co-regulation, as well as competition regulation and alternative business models. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2032796 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela T1 - Propaganda in Autocracies: Institutions, Information, and the Politics of Belief by Erin Baggott Carter and Brett L. Carter JF - Political Science Quarterly N2 - Why do autocracies differ in terms of their strategies for propaganda? This is the fundamental question explored in Propaganda in Autocracies. In the book, Erin Baggott Carter and Brett Carter open with a puzzle to explain why propaganda in the Republic of Congo tends to include more criticism and covers news on political rivals, whereas propaganda in the People's Republic of China tends to have a mouthpiece function displaying its strength. The book argues that these two strategies—referred to as persuasion and domination—are explained by institutions. The coercive nature of autocracies leads to uncertainty among citizens about the autocrat's performance. Yet as electoral constraints become more binding, political elites will use persuasion and propaganda will be less biased toward the regime. In the absence of electoral constraints, citizens solely have the option of removing autocrats by mass protests. In this case, autocrats will choose domination to convince citizens of their capacity for repression. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqaf019 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Gallagher, Mary E. T1 - Remote Control: How the Media Sustains Authoritarian Rule in China JF - Comparative Political Studies N2 - This study examines the role of the media in sustaining regime stability in an authoritarian context. The article engages the recent work on authoritarian resilience in comparative politics but goes beyond the standard focus on elections to other important institutions, such as the media and courts, that are used by authoritarian leaders to bolster legitimacy. The authors find that the Chinese media contribute to regime legitimacy and effective rule by propagandizing citizens’ experiences in the legal system. However, unlike the “mouthpieces” of earlier communist regimes, the marketized Chinese media provide more convincing and sophisticated messages that continue to accord with state censorship demands while satisfying readers’ interest in real-life stories and problems. The “positive propaganda” and the relative uniformity of information sources because of state censorship lead aggrieved citizens to the law as a realm for dispute resolution and rights protection. Statistical analysis of a randomly sampled survey conducted in four Chinese cities in 2005 demonstrates that exposure to media reporting about labor-law-related issues successfully promotes the image of a proworker bias in the law among citizens, thus encouraging them to participate in the legal system. The state is able to achieve its political goal because of the lack of conflicting sources of information and the lack of previous experience with the reformed legal system among citizens. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010394773 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 436 EP - 467 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Garten, Felix A1 - Luo, Ting T1 - Who is a PRC user? Comparing Chinese social media user agreements JF - First Monday N2 - Social media companies rely on user agreements as one means to manage content produced by users. While much has been written on user agreements and community standards of U.S.-based social media, surprisingly little is known about Chinese user agreements and their implications. We compare terms of services as well as privacy policies of WeChat and Weibo between 2014 and 2019 using their U.S. counterparts WhatsApp and Twitter as a benchmark. We find that Chinese user agreements reveal a territorial-based understanding of content management differentiating between PRC and non-PRC users based on language, IP address and country of citizenship. Second, Chinese social media companies are surprisingly transparent about what content can be published, which has implications for self-censorship among users. Third, changes in PRC user agreements reflect Xi Jinping’s tightening control of the Internet. Finally, U.S.-based platforms have moved towards content management that differs by region, thus becoming more similar to the Chinese approach over time. KW - social media KW - content management KW - censorship KW - user agreements KW - China Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v25i8.10319 SN - 1396-0466 VL - 25 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Hartman, Keri A1 - Luo, Ting T1 - The political position generator - A new instrument for measuring political ties in China JF - Social Networks N2 - This paper proposes a novel instrument – the political position generator - for measuring individuals’ political ties, or personal, affective connections to state officials and other political actors. It adopts and adapts the more general position generator framework in social capital research to capture three key dimensions of political ties – upper reachability, network diversity, and tie strength. The measure is validated with data from a representative survey of the Chinese population and three scales representing the three political ties dimensions are created. In correlational and multivariate regression analyses, we find initial evidence of the instrument’s criterion-related (discriminant and concurrent) validity. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2020.05.004 SN - 0378-8733 VL - 63 SP - 70 EP - 79 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting T1 - Which Social Media Facilitate Online Public Opinion in China? JF - Problems of Post-Communism N2 - Why does online public opinion emerge in some social media more easily than in others? Building on research on authoritarian deliberation, we describe spaces for political discussion in Chinese cyberspace in terms of interactivity, which results in different forms of political discussion. Drawing on semi-structured qualitative expert interviews with information and communications technology professionals at Tencent, Weibo, and Baidu, we explain how major social media differ in terms of their structure and the company’s motivation. We specify which features are more likely to facilitate the emergence of online public opinion in Chinese social media and provide preliminary evidence from 92 semi-structured interviews with Internet users. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2017.1289818 VL - 64 IS - 3-4 SP - 189 EP - 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting ED - Delli Carpini, Michael X. T1 - Authoritarian Deliberation 2.0: Lurking and Discussing Politics in Chinese Social Media T2 - Digital Media and Democratic Futures KW - China KW - Digital Governance KW - Democracy Y1 - 2019 SN - 9780812295894 SP - 169 EP - 195 PB - University of Pennsylvania Press CY - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ER -