TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Ziegenhagen, Inka T1 - Balancing power and variable renewables: Three links JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - Balancing power is used to quickly restore the supply-demand balance in power systems. The need for this tends to be increased by the use of variable renewable energy sources (VRE) such as wind and solar power. This paper reviews three channels through which VRE and balancing systems interact: the impact of VRE forecast errors on balancing reserve requirements; the supply of balancing services by VRE generators; and the incentives to improve forecasting provided by imbalance charges. The paper reviews the literature, provides stylized facts from German market data, and suggests policy options. Surprisingly, while German wind and solar capacity has tripled since 2008, balancing reserves have been reduced by 15%, and costs by 50%. KW - Balancing power KW - Control power KW - Regulating power KW - Variable renewables KW - Wind power KW - Solar power KW - Market design Y1 - 2015 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22856 SN - 1364-0321 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. The final authenticated version is available online at: DOI 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.180 VL - 50 SP - 1035 EP - 1051 PB - Elsevier Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Ziegenhagen, Inka T1 - Wind, Sonne, und Regelleistung BT - Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt JF - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et Y1 - 2013 UR - https://www.neon-energie.de/Hirth-Ziegenhagen-2013-Wind-Sonne-Regelleistung.pdf SN - 0013-743X - 0720-6240 IS - 10 SP - 59 PB - EW Medien und Kongresse GmbH CY - Frankfurt am Main ET - 13 ER -