TY - EDBOOK A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Pichs-Madruga, Ramón A1 - Sokona, Youba A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-107-05821-7 N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_full.pdf PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Pichs-Madruga, Ramón A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Summary for Policymakers T2 - Climate change 2014 : Mitigation of climate change ; working group III contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-107-65481-5 SP - 1 EP - 30 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Pichs-Madruga, Ramón A1 - Sokona, Youba A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Technical Summary T2 - Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-107-05821-7 SP - 33 EP - 107 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Ein Global Deal für den Klimaschutz JF - Amos international Y1 - 2008 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 33 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Luderer, Gunnar T1 - Eckpunkte einer globalen Klimaschutzpolitik JF - Kirche und Gesellschaft Y1 - 2008 IS - 355 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Kosten und Optionen für den Klimaschutz T2 - Der UN - Weltklimareport. Bericht über eine aufhaltsame Katastrophe Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3462039603 SP - 268 EP - 280 PB - KiWi-Taschenbuch ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Kosten und Optionen für den Klimaschutz T2 - Der UN - Weltklimareport. Bericht über eine aufhaltsame Katastrophe Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3462039603 SP - 268 EP - 280 PB - Kiepenheuer und Witsch CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Bruckner, Thomas T1 - Deutschlands Beitrag zur Lösung des Weltklimaproblems – Was lässt sich erreichen ? JF - Ifo Schnelldienst Y1 - 2007 IS - 60. Jahrgang SP - 22 EP - 26 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Euro - CASE Policy Position Paper. Reform Options for the European Em issions Trading System (EU ETS) Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Stern, Nicholas A1 - Bauer, Nico T1 - Towards a Global Green Recovery. Recommendations for Immediate G20 Action. Report submitted to the G20 London Summit Y1 - 2009 UR - https://www.pik-potsdam.de/members/edenh/publications-1/global-green-recovery_pik_lse ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Carraro, Carlo A1 - Hourcade, Jean-Charles A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - RECIPE – The Economics of Decarbonization. Synthesis Report Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - System LCOE: What are the costs of variable renewables? JF - Energy N2 - Levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) are a common metric for comparing power generating technologies. However, there is criticism particularly towards evaluating variable renewables like wind and solar PV power based on LCOE because it ignores variability and integration costs. We propose a new metric System LCOE that accounts for integration and generation costs. For this purpose we develop a new mathematical definition of integration costs that directly relates to economic theory. As a result System LCOE allow the economic comparison of generating technologies and deriving optimal quantities in particular for VRE. To demonstrate the new concept we quantify System LCOE from a simple power system model and literature values. We find that at high wind shares integration costs can be in the same range as generation costs of wind power and conventional plants in particular due to a cost component “profile costs” captured by the new definition. Integration costs increase with growing wind shares and might become an economic barrier to deploying VRE at high shares. System LCOE help understanding and resolving the challenge of integrating VRE and can guide research and policy makers in realizing a cost-efficient transformation towards an energy system with potentially high shares of variable renewables. KW - Renewable energy KW - Integration costs KW - Levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) KW - Power generation economics KW - Market integration Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22942 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.072 SN - 0360-5442 VL - 63 SP - 61 EP - 75 PB - Elsevier Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Schlömer, Steffen A1 - Schmid, Eva A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko T1 - On the Economics of Renewable Energy Sources JF - Energy Economics N2 - With the global expansion of renewable energy (RE) technologies, the provision of optimal RE policy packages becomes an important task. We review pivotal aspects regarding the economics of renewables that are relevant to the design of an optimal RE policy, many of which are to date unresolved. We do so from three interrelated perspectives that a meaningful public policy framework for inquiry must take into account. First, we explore different social objectives justifying the deployment of RE technologies, including potential co-benefits of RE deployment, and review modelbased estimates of the economic potential of RE technologies, i.e. their socially optimal deployment level. Second, we address pivotal market failures that arise in the course of implementing the economic potential of RE sources in decentralized markets. Third, we discuss multiple policy instruments curing these market failures. Our framework reveals the requirements for an assessment of the relevant options for real-world decision makers in the field of RE policies. This review makes it clear that there are remaining white areas on the knowledge map concerning consistent and socially optimal RE policies. KW - Energy KW - Mitigation KW - Integrated assessment modeling KW - Variable renewables KW - Electricity market design KW - Renewable policy Y1 - 2013 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22965 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.015 SN - 0140-9883 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Energy Economics. The final authenticated version is available online at: DOI 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.015 VL - 40 IS - S1 SP - S12 EP - S23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Integration Costs Revisited – An economic framework for wind and solar variability JF - Renewable Energy N2 - The integration of wind and solar generators into power systems causes “integration costs” – for grids, balancing services, more flexible operation of thermal plants, and reduced utilization of the capital stock embodied in infrastructure, among other things. This paper proposes a framework to analyze and quantify these costs. We propose a definition of integration costs based on the marginal economic value of electricity, or market value – as such a definition can be more easily used in economic cost-benefit assessment than previous approaches. We suggest decomposing integration costs intro three components, according to the principal characteristics of wind and solar power: temporal variability, uncertainty, and location-constraints. Quantitative estimates of these components are extracted from a review of 100 + published studies. At high penetration rates, say a wind market share of 30–40%, integration costs are found to be 25–35 €/MWh, i.e. up to 50% of generation costs. While these estimates are system-specific and subject to significant uncertainty, integration costs are certainly too large to be ignored in high-penetration assessments (but might be ignored at low penetration). The largest single factor is reduced utilization of capital embodied in thermal plants, a cost component that has not been accounted for in most previous integration studies. KW - Wind power KW - Solar power KW - Integration cost KW - Variable renewables Y1 - 2015 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22878 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.065 SN - 0960-1481 VL - 74 SP - 925 EP - 939 PB - Elsevier Ltd ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Ueckerdt, Falko A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Why Wind is not Coal: On the Economics of Electricity Generation JF - The Energy Journal N2 - Electricity is a paradoxical economic good: it is highly homogeneous and heterogeneous at the same time. Electricity prices vary dramatically between moments in time, between location, and according to lead-time between contract and delivery. This three-dimensional heterogeneity has implication for the economic assessment of power generation technologies: different technologies, such as coal-fired plants and wind turbines, produce electricity that has, on average, a different economic value. Several tools that are used to evaluate generators in practice ignore these value differences, including "levelized electricity costs", "grid parity", and simple macroeconomic models. This paper provides a rigorous and general discussion of heterogeneity and its implications for the economic assessment of electricity generating technologies. It shows that these tools are biased, specifically, they tend to favor wind and solar power over dispatchable generators where these renewable generators have a high market share. A literature review shows that, at a wind market share of 30-40%, the value of a megawatt-hour of electricity from a wind turbine can be 20-50% lower than the value of one megawatt-hour as demanded by consumers. We introduce "System LCOE" as one way of comparing generation technologies economically. KW - Power generation KW - Electricity sector KW - Integrated assessment modeling KW - Wind power KW - Solar power KW - Variable renewables KW - Integration costs KW - Welfare economics KW - Power economics KW - Levelized electricity cost KW - LCOE KW - Grid parity Y1 - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-22828 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.37.3.lhir SN - 1944-9089 VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Minx, Jan C. A1 - Callaghan, Max W. A1 - Lamb, William F. A1 - Garard, Jennifer A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Learning about climate change solutions in the IPCC and beyond JF - Environmental science & policy Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.05.014 SN - 1462-9011 N1 - In Press, Corrected Proof When the final article is assigned to volumes/issues of the Publication, the Article in Press version will be removed and the final version will appear in the associated published volumes/issues of the Publication. The date the article was first made available online will be carried over. PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Kornek, Ulrike T1 - Der Grundriss für ein neues Klimaregime JF - ifo Schnelldienst Y1 - 2016 SN - 0018-974X VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 11 EP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Laudato si'. Die Sorge um die globalen Gemeinschaftsgüter JF - Stimmen der Zeit Y1 - 2015 SN - 0039-1492 VL - 233 IS - 9 SP - 579 EP - 591 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Kadner, Susanne A1 - Von Stechow, Christoph A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Beyond the 2°C limit: Facing the economic und technological challenges T2 - Towards a Workable und Effective Climate Regime Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-907142-95-6 SP - 49 EP - 68 PB - CEPR Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Kadner, Susanne A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Ist das Zwei-Grad-Ziel wünschenswert und ist es noch erreichbar? Der Beitrag der Wissenschaft zu einer politischen Debatte T2 - Die Zukunft des Klimas : neue Erkenntnisse, neue Herausforderungen ; ein Report der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3406669675 SP - 69 EP - 92 PB - C.H.Beck CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Lorentz, Bernhard T1 - Die Atmosphäre als globales Gemeingut T2 - Commons. Für eine neue Politik jenseits von Markt und Staat Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3837620368 SP - 473 EP - 478 PB - Transcript ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Lorentz, Bernhard T1 - The Atmosphere as a Global Commons T2 - The Wealth of the Commons. A World beyond Market and State Y1 - 2013 PB - Levellers Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Globale Energiewende – Wege zu einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung T2 - Globale Trends 2013. Frieden, Entwicklung, Umwelt Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3596194230 SP - 265 EP - 284 PB - Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Transforming the Global Energy System - Pathways Towards a Sustainable Energy Supply T2 - Global Trends 2013. Peace – Development – Environment Y1 - 2012 SP - 53 EP - 71 PB - Stiftung Entwicklung und F rieden (SEF) CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Die Nutzung globaler Gemeinschaftsgüter: Politökonomische Heraus forderungen an die Klimapolitik JF - ifo Schnelldienst Y1 - 2012 VL - 12 IS - 65 SP - 29 EP - 35 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian ED - Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, T1 - Die Nutzung globaler Gemeinschaftsgüter: Politökonomische Herausforderungen an die Klimapolitik. JF - Die Zukunft der Energieversorgung: Atomausstieg, Versorgungssicherhei t und Klimawandel. 2012. Rundgespräche der Kommission für Ökologie Y1 - 2012 IS - 41 SP - 137 EP - 151 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Wem gehört die Atmosphäre? Nach dem Klimagipfel in Cancún JF - Stimmen der Zeit Y1 - 2011 IS - 2 SP - 75 EP - 88 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Luderer, Gunnar T1 - Global Deal: Eckpunkte einer globalen Klimaschutzpolitik. T2 - Klimawandel und globale Armut Y1 - 2009 PB - Kohlhammer CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Der ‘Global Deal’ für den Klimaschutz – ein Pfad auf des Messers Schneide T2 - Energiegeladen. Koordinaten einer zukunftsfähigen Klima - und Energiepolitik Y1 - 2009 SN - 9783980934947 PB - Ch. Goetz Verlag CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Der Friedensnobelpreis für den Weltklimarat JF - Stimmen der Zeit Y1 - 2008 IS - 2 SP - 75 EP - 86 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph A1 - Jakob, Michael A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Kornek, Ulrike A1 - Lessmann, Kai A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - From climate finance towards sustainable development finance JF - WIREs Climate Change N2 - Decarbonizing the global energy system requires large-scale investment flows, with a central role for international climate finance to mobilize private funds. The willingness to provide international finance in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities was acknowledged by the broad endorsement of the Paris Agreement, and the Green Climate Funds in particular. The international community aims to mobilize at least USD 100 billion per year for mitigation and adaption in developing countries. In this article, we argue that too little attention has been paid on the spending side of climate finance, both in the political as well as the academic debate. To this end, we review the challenges encountered in project-based approaches of allocating climate finance in the past. In contrast to project-based finance, we find many advantages to spending climate finance in support of price-based national policies. First, the support for international climate cooperation is improved when efforts of successively rising domestic carbon pricing levels are compensated. Second, carbon pricing sets incentives for least-cost mitigation. Third, investing domestic revenues from emission pricing schemes could advance a country's individual development goals and ensure the recipient's ‘ownership’ of climate policies. We conclude that by reconciling the global goal of cost-efficient mitigation with national policy priorities, climate finance for carbon pricing could become a central pillar of sustainable development and promote international cooperation to achieve the climate targets laid down in the Paris Agreement. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.437 VL - 8 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Stechow, Christoph A1 - McCollum, David A1 - Riahi, Keywan A1 - Minx, Jan C. A1 - Kriegler, Elmar A1 - van Vuuren, Detlef P. A1 - Jewell, Jessica A1 - Robledo-Abad, Carmenza A1 - Hertwich, Edgar A1 - Tavoni, Massimo A1 - Mirasgedis, Sevastianos A1 - Lah, Oliver A1 - Roy, Joyashree A1 - Mulugetta, Yacob A1 - Dubash, Navroz K. A1 - Bollen, Johannes A1 - Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Integrating climate change mitigation with other sustainability objectives: an assessment JF - Annual Reviews of the Environment and Resources Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-021113-095626 VL - 40 SP - 363 EP - 394 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Kornek, Ulrike ED - Müller, Michael ED - Sommer, Jörg T1 - Koordinierte CO2-Preise : Ein Vorschlag zur Weiterentwicklung des Pariser Abkommens T2 - Unter 2 Grad? Was der Weltklimavertrag wirklich bringt N2 - Im Dezember 2015 wurde in Paris Geschichte geschrieben: Die Weltklimakonferenz einigte sich auf das erste Klimaschutzabkommen, das alle Länder in die Pflicht nimmt. Damit bekennt sich die Weltgemeinschaft völkerrechtlich verbindlich zum Ziel, die Erderwärmung auf unter zwei Grad zu begrenzen. Doch was ist dieses Paris-Abkommen wert? Wo liegen seine Stärken, welche Herausforderungen kommen auf die Weltgemeinschaft zu? Welche Risiken birgt es? Was muss jetzt politisch folgen? Expertinnen und Experten aus Wissenschaft, Politik, Medien und NGOs analysieren in diesem Buch Hintergründe, Inhalte und Konsequenzen des neuen Weltklimavertrages. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-7776-2570-6 SP - 69 EP - 78 PB - Hirzel CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Burtraw, Dallas A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Kelsey, Nina A1 - Meckling, Jonas A1 - Biber, Eric A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Zysman, John T1 - Sequencing to ratchet up climate policy stringency JF - Nature Climate Change N2 - The Paris Agreement formulates the goal of GHG neutrality in the second half of this century. Given that Nationally Determined Contributions are as yet insufficient, the question is through which policies can this goal be realized? Identifying policy pathways to ratchet up stringency is instrumental, but little guidance is available. We propose a policy sequencing framework and substantiate it using the cases of Germany and California. Its core elements are policy options to overcome barriers to stringency over time. Such sequencing can advance policy design and hopefully reconcile the controversy between first-best and second-best approaches. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0287-6 SN - 1758-6798 VL - 8 SP - 861 EP - 867 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuss, Sabine A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Kornek, Ulrike A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - A Framework for Assessing the Performance of Cap-and-Trade Systems: Insights from the European Union Emissions Trading System JF - Review of Environmental Economics and Policy N2 - The performance of the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) and other cap-and-trade schemes has been under scrutiny because of their inability to create a stable price for greenhouse gas emissions. This article seeks to inform the often confusing debate about the economic performance of cap-and-trade systems over time, with a focus on the EU ETS. Based on a simple intertemporal framework of emissions trading and a review of the literature, we show that different frameworks and notions of efficiency result in both different assessments of performance and different recommended strategies for improving performance. More specifically, we argue that if cap-and-trade systems have temporal flexibility (i.e., they include banking and borrowing of emissions allowances), it can be highly misleading to base the economic assessment on short-term efficiency. We seek to draw attention to the concept of long-term economic performance, which takes into account the intertemporal nature of emissions trading systems. In particular, we identify market and government distortions (e.g., myopia, lack of policy credibility, excessive discounting) that may depress allowance prices and hamper intertemporal efficiency. We then examine whether the recently adopted Market Stability Reserve and the alternative price collar are likely to address these distortions. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rey010 SN - 1750-6816 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 220 EP - 241 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Schmid, Lisa Katharina ED - Angrick, Michael ED - Kühleis, Christoph ED - Landgrebe, Jürgen ED - Weiß, Jan T1 - Decarbonization and EU ETS Reform: Introducing a price floor to drive low-carbon investments BT - Stocktaking and perspectives for effective climate protection T2 - 12 Years of European Emissions Trading in German N2 - The EU ETS is in a crisis. There is a fundamental concern that persistently low allowance prices will fail to incentivize the investments in low-carbon capital stock and technology research and development (R&D) required to achieve long-term European decarbonization targets in the context of the Paris Agreement. Attainment of these targets is at risk. Introducing a carbon price floor can re-affirm the role of the EU ETS as the central pillar in the European effort towards decarbonization. Such a price floor should start at an economically significant level and rise over time. Many observers argue that it is misguided to focus on the EU ETS allowance (EUA) price, since the emissions cap determines environmental effectiveness and the allowance market works well in technical terms. Four interrelated considerations underpin our concern over the persistently low EUA price: First, the EU ETS cap is not cast in stone. It might be relaxed in the future if the costs of maintaining it become politically unacceptable. This could be the case if allowance prices escalate, which can be expected to result from a high-carbon capital stock building up in presence of persistently low allowance prices. Second, there is emerging scientific evidence that the EUA price is distorted as the carbon market does not operate cost-efficiently in a long-term perspective due to private sector short-sightedness and regulatory uncertainty. Third, the EU ETS has so far not allowed the effective expression of different climate policy preferences across EU member states. Without compensatory measures, voluntary unilateral emission reductions within member states (e.g. UK carbon price support, potential German coal power exit) dampen short-term allowance prices and shift emissions in space and time. Finally, all ambitious short-term climate policy measures required for embarking on long-term decarbonization pathways face significant political opposition. This opposition can be expected to come not only from reluctant EU member states, but also industry constituencies concerned about impacts on competitiveness, businessmodels and jobs. These distributional challenges need to be tackled more effectively by strategically allocating allowance value, providing limited compensation to adversely affected constituencies, promoting low carbon R&D to reduce future costs of decarbonization, and fostering public support for ambitious climate policy. The recent EU ETS reform effort offers an entry point to tackle these concerns, but does not sufficiently address the underlying problems. The magnitude and direction of its impact on the EUA price is highly uncertain. More fundamental change will be required to reaffirm the role of the EU ETS as the central pillar of European decarbonization efforts. In particular, a carbon price floor that rises over time can provide a clearer policy signal for guiding short-and mid-term capital stock and technology R&D investment decisions towards low-carbon options, and can thus enable cost-efficient achievement of long-term decarbonization targets. If designed accordingly, it allows member states with a higher preference for ambitious climate policy to effectively achieve additional emission reductions. In addition, targeted and transitory compensation models for particularly affected constituencies, and public investments into the development of new technologies and related business models will be required to ensure short-and long-term political support and reinforce policy credibility. Companion policies can play an important role in fostering low-carbon investment, but are inadequate substitutes to effective long-term carbon pricing. Ideally, a carbon price floor will be implemented at the EU-level. An alternative is to start with a coalition of countries including Germany (also in view of attaining its 2020 climate targets), France and others, and to expand it over time Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-7316-1375-6 SP - 207 EP - 232 PB - Metropolis CY - Marburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Burghaus, Kerstin A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Jakob, Michael A1 - Koch, Nicolas T1 - Shifting Paradigms in Carbon Pricing JF - Intereconomics N2 - Carbon pricing is essential to achieve a reduction in global CO2 emissions. A carbon price can either be set directly via a carbon tax (price control) or be achieved through a cap-and-trade system (quantity control). While there has been much debate about the relative merits of each approach, cap-and-trade systems have been favoured in the political arena. In principle, they offer the most straightforward way to achieve a country’s emission reduction target by simply setting the cap at the remaining emission budget. Existing emissions trading schemes (ETSs) can be found in Europe, California and Québec, for example. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-018-0735-6 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 135 EP - 140 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Schmid, Lisa Katharina ED - Angrick, Michael ED - Kühleis, Christoph ED - Landgrebe, Jürgen ED - Weiß, Jan T1 - Wie der Emissionshandel wieder zur zentralen Säule der europäischen Klimapolitik werden kann T2 - 12 Jahre Europäischer Emissionshandel in Deutschland: Bilanz und Perspektiven für einen wirkungsvollen Klimaschutz Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-7316-1362-6 SP - 217 EP - 244 PB - metropolis CY - Marburg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dasgupta, Purnamita A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Amezquita, Adriana Mercedes Avendano A1 - Bento, Antonio M. A1 - Caney, Simon A1 - De la Croix, David A1 - Fosu, Augustin Kwasi A1 - Jakob, Michael A1 - Saam, Marianne A1 - Shrader-Frechette, Kristin A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Weyant, John A1 - You, Liangzhi A1 - Delgado-Ramos, Gian A1 - Dorsch, Marcel J. A1 - Klenert, David A1 - Lempert, Robert A1 - Leroux, Justin A1 - Lessmann, Kai A1 - Liu, Junguo A1 - Mattauch, Linus A1 - Perrings, Charles A1 - Schwerhoff, Gregor A1 - Seyboth, Kristin A1 - Streckel, Jan T1 - Economic Growth, Human Development, and Welfare T2 - Rethinking Society for the 21st Century Report of the International Panel on Social Progress N2 - Economic Growth, Human Development, and Welfare" of the 2018 Report of the International Panel on Social Progress (IPSP). Mission of the IPSP: The International Panel on Social Progress (IPSP) will harness the competence of hundreds of experts about social issues and will deliver a report addressed to all social actors, movements, organizations, politicians and decision-makers, in order to provide them with the best expertise on questions that bear on social change. The Panel will seek consensus whenever possible but will not hide controversies and will honestly present up-to-date arguments and analyses, and debates about them, in an accessible way. The Panel will have no partisan political agenda, but will aim at restoring hope in social progress and stimulating intellectual and public debates. Different political and philosophical views may conceive of social progress in different ways, emphasizing values such as freedom, dignity, or equality. The Panel will retain full independence from political parties, governments, and organizations with a partisan agenda. While the Panel will primarily work for the dissemination of knowledge to all relevant actors in society, it will also foster research on the topics it will study and help to revive interest for research in social long-term prospective analysis Y1 - 2018 SN - 9781108399661 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108399661 SP - 139 EP - 184 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Burtraw, Dallas A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Elkerbout, Milan A1 - Fischer, Carolyn A1 - Tietjen, Oliver A1 - Zetterberg, Lars T1 - Five myths about an EU ETS carbon price floor N2 - This policy briefbuilds on theworkshop EU ETS Reform: Taking Stock and Examining Carbon Price Floor Options,held at the Centrefor European Policy Studies (CEPS) in Brussels on July 3, 2018. The workshop was cosponsored by CEPS and the AHEAD and Mistra CarbonExit projects. While the brief draws on insights from workshop discussions, its views are solely those of the authors. The brief outlinesdifferent perspectives on thepast performanceof the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS)in terms of its allowance price (Section 1), analyzes how the recent reform respondedto related challenges(Section 2), and considers the case for introducinga carbon pricefloor in the EU ETS(Section 3). The main part of the brief (Section 4) identifies five myths in the debate of an EU ETSpricefloorand criticallyconfrontsthem. Section 5 concludes by discussing potential entry points for introducing a carbon price floor in the context of the upcoming EU climate policy process Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.ceps.eu/publications/five-myths-about-eu-ets-carbon-price-floor ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Pahle, Michael T1 - Optionen für eine CO2-Preisreform. MCC-PIK-Expertise für den Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung T2 - ECONSTOR N2 - Die deutsche Klimapolitik benötigt eine grundlegende Neuausrichtung. Deutschland muss im Rahmen der EU-Lastenteilungsverordnung bis 2030 seine Emissionen im Verkehrs-, Gebäude- und Landwirtschaftssektor sowie in Teilen des Industrie- und Energiesektors um 38 Prozent gegenüber 2005 vermindern, sonst drohen erhebliche Strafzahlungen. Das erfordert einen deutlich steileren CO2-Reduktionspfad als in den vergangenen Jahren. Die Regierung plant daher, bis zum Ende des Jahres ein Klimaschutzgesetz zu verabschieden. Mit der aktuellen Ausrichtung von Energiewende und Klimapolitik kann dieses Ziel allerdings nicht erreicht werden, weil die bestehenden ökonomischen Anreize unzureichend sind und für Investoren und Innovatoren erhebliche Unsicherheiten über die zukünftige Ausrichtung der Klimapolitik bestehen. Außerdem sind die bisherigen Maßnahmen sozial unausgewogen. Der klimapolitische Rahmen muss dringend auf das zentrale Ziel ausgerichtet werden, also das Vermeiden von CO2-Emissionen. Der CO2-Preis sollte zum Leitinstrument der Klimapolitik werden. Gleichzeitig wächst die Unzufriedenheit mit dem unzureichenden klimapolitischen Fortschritt in breiten Teilen der Gesellschaft: Die nationalen Klimaziele für 2020 werden verfehlt. Die Jugend, prominent vertreten durch die „Fridays for Future“-Bewegung, sieht die Lebensgrundlagen ihrer eigenen und künftiger Generationen in Gefahr. Klimaschutz ist zu einem zentralen Thema in der Mitte der Gesellschaft geworden. Daraus ist ein unmittelbarer klimapolitischer Handlungsdruck entstanden, der für eine umfassende Reform der Klimapolitik genutzt werden sollte. Die nötigen Reformen lassen sich nur durch einen Paradigmenwechsel erreichen, bei dem auch die Umwelt- und Klimapolitik an den grundlegenden Prinzipien der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft ausgerichtet wird. Dabei gilt es den Wettbewerb um die günstigsten Vermeidungstechnologien zu fördern, Investitionssicherheit zu stärken, die Gesamtkosten für die Erreichung der Ziele möglichst gering zu halten und die Belastungen gerecht über Haushalte und Unternehmen zu verteilen. Ordnungsrecht und Förderprogramme sollten künftig nur eine ergänzende Rolle einnehmen. Im Zentrum der Neuausrichtung muss eine umfassende und koordinierte Bepreisung der CO2-Emissionen stehen. Die Ausgestaltung einer deutschen CO2-Preisreform sollte von Beginn an als Dreiklang gedacht werden: Erstens muss der Konvergenzpunkt eine europaweit harmonisierte CO2-Bepreisung sein. Zweitens sollte Deutschland als Zwischenschritt zügig eine nationale CO2-Preisreform umsetzen, um seine Ziele im Rahmen der EU-Lastenteilungsverordnung zu erreichen. Drittens sollte die europäische CO2-Preisreform Grundlage für erfolgreiche internationale Klimaverhandlungen werden. Mit dieser Reform haben Deutschland und Europa die Chance, nicht nur die europäische Klimapolitik voranzubringen, sondern auch ihre Position in den internationalen Verhandlungen zu verbessern. Y1 - 2019 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10419/201374 ET - 04/2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Pietzcker, Robert A1 - Tietjen, Oliver A1 - Osorio, Sebastian A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Die unterschätzten Risiken des Kohleausstiegs JF - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen Y1 - 2019 VL - 69 IS - 6 SP - 1 EP - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Burtraw, Dallas A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Elkerbout, Milan A1 - Fischer, Carolyn A1 - Tietjen, Oliver A1 - Zetterberg, Lars T1 - How to avoid history repeating itself: the case for an EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) price floor revisited JF - Climate Policy N2 - Several years of very low allowance prices in the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS) have motivated calls to introduce a price floor to correct potential underlying distortions and design flaws, including (i) the political nature of allowance supply and related credibility issues, (ii) potential myopia of market participants and firms, and (iii) waterbed and rebound effects resulting from policy interactions. In the wake of the recent EU ETS reform, allowance prices have sharply increased. This raises the question of whether the case for introducing a price floor in the EU ETS remains valid. We argue that such a price floor, also adopted in several other greenhouse gas cap-and-trade systems worldwide, remains an important improvement in the design of the system, as long as the above-mentioned distortions and design flaws persist. An EU ETS price floor can safeguard against these issues and provides more explicit guidance on the minimum allowance price policymakers consider acceptable. Either as a complement or substitute to the current Market Stability Reserve (MSR), a price floor would thus make the EU ETS less prone to future revision in case of unexpectedly low prices. We identify and confront four prominent arguments against the introduction of an EU ETS price floor. Key policy insights: - An EU ETS price floor would be an important institutional innovation enhancing political and economic stability, and predictability of the EUA price - The recent Market Stability Reserve (MSR) reform has not removed the need for a carbon price floor. - Introducing an element of price responsiveness into the so far purely quantitative design of the EU ETS would help to preserve its integrity - In contrast to conventional wisdom, legal analysis reveals that an EU ETS price floor can be legally feasible - Political support for a carbon price floor is gaining traction across Europe KW - EU ETS KW - price floor KW - market stability reserve KW - policy credibility Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1682494 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 133 EP - 142 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Pahle, Michael T1 - Bewertung des Klimapakets und nächste Schritte. CO2-Preis, sozialer Ausgleich, Europa, Monitoring N2 - Das von der Bundesregierung vorgelegte Klimapaket wird aller Voraussicht nach unzureichend sein, um die Ziele für 2030 zu erreichen. Zwar wird eine sinnvolle Architektur für eine umfassende CO2-Bepreisung sichtbar: Einstieg mit einem Fixpreis, mittelfristig ein nationaler Emissionshandel für Wärme und Verkehr und langfristig Integration in den EU-Emissionshandel mit einem Mindestpreis. Aber der Preispfad ist zu niedrig und reicht nicht weit genug in die Zukunft, um eine ausreichende Lenkungswirkung zu entfalten und die notwendige Sicherheit für Investitionen zu vermitteln. So wie der Preispfad jetzt festgeschrieben worden ist, sind nach 2026 voraussichtlich erhebliche Preissteigerungen zur Zielerreichung nötig. Dadurch wird das Erreichen der 2030er-Ziele unnötig teuer. Weiterhin besteht das Risiko, dass der Preispfad mittelfristig (2022 bis 2025) womöglich schon zu einem Verletzen der EU-Lastenteilungsziele führt. Auch die Frage des sozialen Ausgleichs in der deutschen Klimapolitik ist noch nicht befriedigend gelöst. Es zeigt sich, dass die Mittelschicht am stärksten belastet wird, während die Belastung für ärmere Haushalte zwar abgefedert wird, der Ausgleich aber noch unzureichend ist: Gerade hier treten besondere Härtefälle auf. Die soziale Schieflage verschärft sich dramatisch bei steigenden CO2-Preisen, die ab 2026 zu erwarten sind. Es kommt nun darauf an, in den nächsten Schritten nachzusteuern: Der CO2-Preispfad sollte auf ein Ambitionsniveau angehoben werden, mit dem die Klimaziele zuverlässig erreicht werden können. Außerdem müssen die klimapolitischen Instrumente sozialverträglich ausgestaltet werden. Weiterhin ist eine aktivere Rolle Deutschlands in der europäischen Klimapolitik entscheidend. Denn parallel zum nationalen Einstieg sollte Deutschland die Einführung einer integrierten europaweiten CO2-Bepreisung vorantreiben, um eine dauerhafte Zersplitterung und entsprechend hohe Kosten der europäischen Klimapolitik zu verhindern. Die europäische Klimadebatte um eine Erhöhung des Klimaziels für das Jahr 2030, angestoßen durch die neue EU-Kommission, bietet dafür in der kommenden Zeit einen guten Einstiegspunkt. Zentral ist zudem ein effektiver Monitoringprozess. Dabei sollte der einberufene Expertenrat nicht nur das Ex-post-Monitoring der Emissionen unterstützen, sondern auch ein Vorschlagsrecht für das Nach-steuern von Maßnahmen zur Zielerreichung haben (Ex-ante-Evaluierung alternativer Optionen). Auch eine Berichtspflicht gegenüber dem Bundestag wäre wichtig, um Transparenz über den Fortschritt bei der Zielerreichung herzustellen. Der jetzt aufgesetzte Expertenrat hat dagegen nur ein schwaches Mandat zur bloßen Überprüfung von Daten und Modellannahmen. Doch das Gremium sollte nicht bloß den Fortschritt hinsichtlich der Klimaziele notariell bestätigen, sondern der Schrittmacher für deren Umsetzung sein. Hier wurde es verpasst, eine starke Institution zu schaffen. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.mcc-berlin.net/fileadmin/data/B2.3_Publications/Working%20Paper/2019_MCC_Bewertung_des_Klimapakets_final.pdf PB - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Roolfs, Christiana A1 - Gaitan, Beatriz A1 - Nahmacher, Paul A1 - Flachsland, Christian ED - Parry (et al.), Ian T1 - Agreeing on an EU ETS minimum price to foster solidarity, subsidiarity and efficiency in the EU T2 - Energy Tax and Regulatory Policy in Europe: Reform Priorities Y1 - 2017 UR - http://edoc.gfz-potsdam.de/pik/get/7159/0/42f7af08e2731825736c92935e134f85/7159oa.pdf SP - 31 EP - 61 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge, MA ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Roolfs, Christina A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Haywood, Luke A1 - Heinemann, Maik A1 - Bekk, Anke A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - George, Jan A1 - Held, Anne A1 - aus dem Moore, Nils A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Nikodinoska, Dragana A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Schill, Wolf-Peter A1 - Amberg, Maximilian A1 - Bergmann, Tobias A1 - Meyer, Henrika T1 - Reformoptionen für ein nachhaltiges Steuer- und Abgabensystem. Wie Lenkungssteuern effektiv und gerecht für den Klima- und Umweltschutz ausgestaltet werden können. Ein Ariadne-Kurzdossier. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/media/2021/05/Ariadne-Kurzdossier_Steuerreform_Juni2021.pdf ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Amberg, Maximilian A1 - Bergmann, Tobias A1 - Kellner, Maximilian A1 - Stüber, Sophia A1 - Haywood, Luke A1 - Roolfs, Christina A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Auswirkungen der Energiepreiskrise auf Haushalte in Deutschland: sozialpolitische Herausforderungen und Handlungsoptionen Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.mcc-berlin.net/fileadmin/data/C18_MCC_Publications/2022_MCC_Auswirkungen_der_Energiepreiskrise_auf_Haushalte.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jakob, Michael A1 - Lamb, William F. A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Understanding different perspectives on economic growth and climate policy JF - WIREs Climate Change N2 - Should economic growth continue in a world threatened by the prospect of catastrophic climate change? The scientific and public debate has brought forth a broad spectrum of views and narratives on this question, ranging from neoclassical economics to degrowth. We argue that different positions can be attributed to underlying differences in views on (a) factors that determine human well‐being, (b) the feasibility and desirability of economic growth, (c) appropriate intervention points, and (d) preferences about governance and policy options. For each of these dimensions, we propose points of agreement on which a consensus between conflicting positions might be achieved. From this basis, we distill a sustainability transition perspective that could act as a basis for a renewed debate on how to align human well‐being with environmental sustainability. KW - Climate Economics KW - degrowth KW - sustainability KW - transformation KW - well-being Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.677 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian ED - Voges, Sefan T1 - Laudato si‘. Die Sorge um die globalen Gemeinschaftsgüter T2 - Christlicher Schöpfungsglaube heute. Spirituelle Oase oder vergessene Verantwortung? Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783786732266 SP - 35 EP - 49 PB - Matthias Grünewald Verlag CY - Mainz ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Kosch, Mirjam A1 - Knopf, Brigitte A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Eckpunkte und no-regret Maßnahmen für die Weiterentwicklung der CO2-Bepreisung auf deutscher und europäischer Ebene. Ariadne-Hintergrund. N2 - Dieses Papier beschreibt Empfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung des nationalen Brennstoff-Emissionshandelsgesetzes (BEHG) – und wie ein reibungsfreier Übergang zur europäischen Ebene gestaltet werden kann. Bei der Einführung und Ausgestaltung eines EU-Emissionshandelssystem für Gebäude und Straßenverkehr (EU ETS-II) bestehen derzeit noch diverse Unsicherheiten. Unabhängig von den Entscheidungen auf europäischer Ebene identifizieren wir jedoch vier No-Regret Maßnahmen zur Weiterentwicklung des BEHG, die in allen Fällen förderlich sind: 1. Zeitliches Vorziehen und Anhebung des Preiskorridors plus Versteigerung: Die Einführung eines Preiskorridors und die Versteigerung von Zertifikaten sollte auf das Jahr 2023 vorgezogen werden. Zudem sollte der Preiskorridor angehoben und verbreitert werden, um den neuen nationalen Klimazielen Rechnung zu tragen. 2. BEHG Emissionsmengen analog zu Sektorzielen: Die EU-Kommission hat im Fit-for-55 Paket eine Erhöhung des deutschen ESR-Ziels auf 50% vorgeschlagen, was auch ungefähr den nationalen Zielen im Rahmen des Klimaschutzgesetzes (KSG) von 2021 entspricht. Um zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt Verbindlichkeit zu schaffen, sollten daher die BEHG-Emissionsmengen aus den KSG Sektorzielen abgeleitet werden. 3. Direkte Pro-Kopf-Rückerstattung: Für den zu erwartenden Fall deutlich steigender CO2-Preise sollte die Bundesregierung schon vor 2023 die institutionellen Voraussetzungen für die Umsetzung des Klimagelds wie im Koalitionsvertrag beschrieben schaffen. 4. Nationaler CO2-Mindestpreis: Bis spätestens 2025 sollte ein Mindestpreis zur eventuellen Ergänzung eines EU ETS-II vorbereitet und ggf. implementiert werden. Dadurch kann im Fall anfänglich niedriger Preise im EU ETS-II garantiert werden, dass der CO2-Preis in Deutschland weiterhin kontinuierlich ansteigt. Neben diesen Maßnahmen auf nationaler Ebene, sollte sich die Bundesregierung in den Fit-for-55 Verhandlungen einsetzen (1) für die Flexibilität zwischen EU ETS und ESR sowie (2) für ein graduelles Linking zwischen ETS-I und ETS-II. Mit beiden Maßnahmen können die sehr hohen Preisunterscheide reduziert und die Effizienz der Klimapolitik erhöht werden. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/hintergrund-weiterentwicklung-co2-bepreisung/ ER -