TY - JOUR A1 - Banerjee, Abhijiit A1 - Finkelstein, Amy A1 - Hanna, Rema A1 - Olken, Benjamin A. A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna A1 - Sumarto, Sudarno T1 - The Challenges of Universal Health Insurance in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia’s National Health Insurance JF - American Economic Review N2 - To investigate barriers to universal health insurance in developing countries, we designed a randomized experiment involving about 6,000 households in Indonesia who are subject to a government health insurance program with a weakly enforced mandate. Time-limited subsidies increased enrollment and attracted lower-cost enrollees, in part by reducing the strategic timing of enrollment to correspond with health needs. Registration assistance also increased enrollment, but increased attempted enrollment much more, as over one-half of households who attempted to enroll did not successfully do so. These findings underscore how weak administrative capacity can create important challenges in developing countries for achieving widespread coverage. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-40802 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20200523 N1 - This is the final version of an article published in American Economic Review, available online at: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20200523 VL - 111 IS - 9 SP - 3035 EP - 3063 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Howard, Greg A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna T1 - Closing Time: The Local Equilibrium Effects of Prohibition JF - Journal of Economic History N2 - How do different local policies in a federal system affect local land values, production, and sorting? We study the question exploiting a large historical policy change: U.S. Alcohol Prohibition in the early twentieth century. Comparing same- state early and late adopters of county dry laws in a difference-in-differences design, we find that early Prohibition adoption increased population and farm real estate values. Moreover, we find strong effects on farm productivity consistent with increased investment due to a land price channel. In equilibrium, the policy change disproportionately attracted immigrants and African-Americans. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-40818 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050721000346 N1 - "This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Journal of Economic History. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050721000346 VL - 81 IS - 3 SP - 792 EP - 830 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mastrorocco, Nicola A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna T1 - Who Watches the Watchmen? Local News and Police Behavior in the United States JF - American Economic Journal: Economic Policy N2 - Do U.S. municipal police departments respond to news coverage of local crime? We address this question exploiting an exogenous shock to local crime reporting induced by acquisitions of local TV stations by a large broadcast group, Sinclair. Using a unique dataset of 8.5 million news stories and a triple differences design, we document that Sinclair ownership decreases news coverage of local crime. This matters for policing: municipalities that experience the change in news coverage have lower violent crime clearance rates relative to municipalities that do not. The result is consistent with a decrease of crime salience in the public opinion. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20230356&&from=f U6 - https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20230356 VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 285 EP - 318 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ash, Elliott A1 - Chen, Daniel L. A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna T1 - Gender Attitudes in the Judiciary: Evidence from U.S. Circuit Courts JF - The American Economic Journal: Applied Economics N2 - Do gender attitudes influence interactions with female judges in US circuit courts? In this paper, we propose a judge-specific measure of gender attitudes based on use of gender-stereotyped language in the judge's authored opinions. Exploiting quasi-random assignment of judges to cases and conditioning on judges' characteristics, we validate the measure showing that higher-slant judges vote more conservatively in gender-related cases. Higher-slant judges interact differently with female colleagues: they are more likely to reverse lower court decisions if the lower court judge is a woman than a man, are less likely to assign opinions to female judges, and cite fewer female-authored opinions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210435 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 314 EP - 350 ER -