TY - JOUR A1 - Khanna, Tarun A1 - Baiocchi, Giovanni A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Creutzig, Felix A1 - Guias, Horia A1 - Haddaway, Neal R. A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Javaid, Aneeque A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Laukemper, Sonja A1 - Löschel, Andreas A1 - del Mar Zamora Dominguez, Maria A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - A multi-country meta-analysis on the role of behavioural change in reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions in residential buildings JF - Nature Energy N2 - Despite the importance of evaluating all mitigation options to inform policy decisions addressing climate change, a comprehensive analysis of household-scale interventions and their emissions reduction potential is missing. Here, we address this gap for interventions aimed at changing individual households’ use of existing equipment, such as monetary incentives or feedback. We have performed a machine learning-assisted systematic review and meta-analysis to comparatively assess the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing energy demand in residential buildings. We extracted 360 individual effect sizes from 122 studies representing trials in 25 countries. Our meta-regression confirms that both monetary and non-monetary interventions reduce the energy consumption of households, but monetary incentives, of the sizes reported in the literature, tend to show on average a more pronounced effect. Deploying the right combinations of interventions increases the overall effectiveness. We have estimated a global carbon emissions reduction potential of 0.35 GtCO2 yr−1, although deploying the most effective packages of interventions could result in greater reduction. While modest, this potential should be viewed in conjunction with the need for de-risking mitigation pathways with energy-demand reductions. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00866-x VL - 6 SP - 925 EP - 932 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Banisch, Lucy A1 - Doebbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas A1 - Edmondson, Duncan A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Lamb, William F. A1 - Levi, Sebastian A1 - Müller-Hansen, Finn A1 - Posada, Eduardo A1 - Vasudevan, Shraddha A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Machine learning map of climate policy literature reveals disparities between scientific attention, policy density, and emissions JF - npj Climate Action N2 - Current climate mitigation policies are not sufficient to meet the Paris temperature target, and ramping up efforts will require rapid learning from the scientific literature on climate policies. This literature is vast and widely dispersed, as well as hard to define and categorise, hampering systematic efforts to learn from it. We use a machine learning pipeline using transformer-based language models to systematically map the relevant scientific literature on climate policies at scale and in real-time. Our “living systematic map” of climate policy research features a set of 84,990 papers, and classifies each of them by policy instrument type, sector, and geography. We explore how the distribution of these papers varies across countries, and compare this to the distribution of emissions and enacted climate policies. Results suggests a potential stark under-representation of industry sector policies, as well as diverging attention between science and policy with respect to economic and regulatory instruments. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-024-00196-0 SN - 2731-9814 VL - 4 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Hansen, Finn A1 - Lee, Yuan Ting A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - The German coal debate on Twitter: Reactions to a corporate policy process JF - Energy Policy N2 - Phasing out coal is a prerequisite to achieving the Paris climate mitigation targets. In 2018, the German government established a multi-stakeholder commission with the mandate to negotiate a plan for the national coal phase-out, fueling a continued public debate over the future of coal. This study analyzes the German coal debate on Twitter before, during, and after the session of the so-called Coal Commission, over a period of three years. In particular, we investigate whether and how the work of the commission translated into shared perceptions and sentiments in the public debate on Twitter. We find that the sentiment of the German coal debate on Twitter becomes increasingly negative over time. In addition, the sentiment becomes more polarized over time due to an increase in the use of more negative and positive language. The analysis of retweet networks shows no increase in interactions between communities over time. These findings suggest that the Coal Commission did not further consensus in the coal debate on Twitter. While the debate on social media only represents a section of the national debate, it provides insights for policy-makers to evaluate the interaction of multi-stakeholder commissions and public debates. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113178 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 169 PB - Elsevier BV ER -