TY - RPRT A1 - Wolf, Katharina A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Migrant Fertility in Germany and the Eastern Enlargement of the EU T2 - SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research N2 - This paper uses data from the Migrant Samples of the German Socio-Economic Panel to study the fertility behaviour of women who migrated to Germany between 1990 and 2015. Special emphasis is placed on the large groups of migrants who have moved to Germany from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries since the 1990s. We find that CEE migrants had higher first birth, but much lower second birth rates than migrants from other European countries. Different from the pattern of African and Middle Eastern migrants, we do not find a spike in first birth rates after migration. We also examined differences within the group of migrants from CEE-countries. In particular, we examined whether Ethnic German migrants differed from migrants who moved as third country national or those who moved after their country became EU-members with the right to free movement of labor. We find that CEE-migrants who moved when their country was a member state of the European Union display strongly reduced first birth rates. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.743010.de/diw_sp1076.pdf SN - 1864-6689 PB - DIW Berlin ET - 1076-2020 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Trappe, Heike T1 - Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe N2 - This open access book assembles landmark studies on divorce and separation in European countries, and how this affects the life of parents and children. It focuses on four major areas of post-separation lives, namely (1) economic conditions, (2) parent-child relationships, (3) parent and child well-being, and (4) health. Through studies from several European countries, the book showcases how legal regulations and social policies influence parental and child well-being after divorce and separation. It also illustrates how social policies are interwoven with the normative fabric of a country. For example, it is shown that father-child contact after separation is more intense in those countries which have adopted policies that encourage shared parenting. Correspondingly, countries that have adopted these regulations are at the forefront of more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Apart from a strong emphasis on the legal and social policy context, the studies in this volume adopt a longitudinal perspective and situate post-separation behaviour and well-being in the life course. The longitudinal perspective opens up new avenues for research to understand how behaviour and conditions prior or at divorce and separation affect later behaviour and well-being. As such this book is of special appeal to scholars of family research as well as to anyone interested in the role of divorce and separation in Europe in the 21st century. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-44575-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1 PB - Springer Open ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solaz, Anne A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Meggiolaro, Silvia A1 - Mortelmans, Dimitri A1 - Pasteels, Inge T1 - Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries JF - Journal of Family Research N2 - Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced high union dissolution risk as well as high unemployment rates. The extent to which adverse economic conditions are associated with union instability is still unknown. This study explores the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk in five European countries before the recent economic crisis. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, the empirical analysis, based on discrete-time event history models, shows that male unemployment consistently increases the risk of union dissolution. While a strong association is observed between male unemployment and separation at the micro level, no association is found between male unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level. The results for female unemployment are mixed, and the size of the impact of female unemployment is smaller in magnitude than that of male unemployment. In Germany and Italy, where until very recently work has been less compatible with family life than in other countries, female unemployment is not significantly associated with union dissolution. KW - unemployment, divorce, separation, contextual effect, gender, couple, crisis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-368 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 176 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Köppen, Katja A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Trappe, Heike T1 - Gender Differences in Parental Well-being After Separation: Does Shared Parenting Matter? T2 - Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe. Life Course Research and Social Policies, vol 12 N2 - A large body of literature has examined how separation and divorce influence social and economic well-being. One consistent finding of the literature is that women and men are affected differently by divorce and separation. Women, and particularly mothers, are likely to suffer from a loss of income. Fathers frequently suffer from having reduced contact with their children, who usually continue to live with their mother after a union dissolution. This chapter uses 10 years of data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) to examine more closely the gender differences in life satisfaction after separation. In line with previous research, we show that following a separation, satisfaction with family life declines more among fathers than among mothers, and that mothers tend to experience a greater decline in their satisfaction with their financial situation than fathers. We also examine the role of shared parenting (Wechselmodell) in parents’ life satisfaction. Our findings indicate that shared parenting is positively associated with well-being, but also that the association is not stable to the inclusion of socio-economic characteristics that explain the selection into shared parenting. The results are discussed in the context of the current German policy debate on shared parenting. KW - Child’s residence, Divorce, Gender differences, Life satisfaction, Separation Y1 - 2020 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1_12 SN - 9783030445744 (print); 9783030445751 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1 SP - 235 EP - 264 PB - Springer, Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nisén, Jessica A1 - Klüsener, Sebastian A1 - Dahlberg, Johan A1 - Dommermuth, Lars A1 - Jasilioniene, Aiva A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Lappegård, Trude A1 - Li, Peng A1 - Martikainen, Pekka A1 - Neels, Karel A1 - Riederer, Bernhard A1 - te Riele, Saskia A1 - Szabó, Laura A1 - Trimarchi, Alessandra A1 - Viciana, Francisco A1 - Wilson, Ben A1 - Myrskylä, Mikko T1 - Educational differences in cohort fertility across subnational regions in Europe JF - European Journal of Population N2 - Educational differences in female cohort fertility vary strongly across high-income countries and over time, but knowledge about how educational fertility differentials play out at the sub-national regional level is limited. Examining these sub-national regional patterns might improve our understanding of national patterns, as regionally varying contextual conditions may affect fertility. This study provides for the first time for a large number of European countries a comprehensive account of educational differences in the cohort fertility rate (CFR) at the sub-national regional level. We harmonise data from population registers, censuses, and large-sample surveys for 15 countries to measure women’s completed fertility by educational level and region of residence at the end of the reproductive lifespan. In order to explore associations between educational differences in CFRs and levels of economic development, we link our data to regional GDP per capita. Empirical Bayesian estimation is used to reduce uncertainty in the regional fertility estimates. We document an overall negative gradient between the CFR and level of education, and notable regional variation in the gradient. The steepness of the gradient is inversely related to the economic development level. It is steepest in the least developed regions and close to zero in the most developed regions. This tendency is observed within countries as well as across all regions of all countries. Our findings underline the variability of educational gradients in women’s fertility, suggest that higher levels of development may be associated with less negative gradients, and call for more in-depth sub-national-level fertility analyses by education. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-020-09562-0 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bujard, Martin A1 - Diehl, Claudia A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Leyendecker, Birgit A1 - Spieß, C. Katharina T1 - Geflüchtete, Familien und ihre Kinder: warum der Blick auf die Familien und die Kindertagesbetreuung entscheidend ist JF - Sozialer Fortschritt N2 - Seit 2015 viele Menschen mit Fluchthintergrund nach Deutschland gezogen sind, stand häufig deren Arbeitsmarktintegration im Zentrum des gesellschaftlichen, politischen und wissenschaftlichen Interesses. Lebenslagen und Lebensformen der gefluchteten Familien wurden hingegen viel weniger thematisiert. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert familiendemografische Daten für Gefluchtete der Herkunftsländer Syrien, Afghanistan, Irak und Eritrea und verdeutlicht den großen Anteil von Familien mit kleinen Kindern unter den nach Deutschland Gefluchteten. Daten zur Nutzung von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen von Kindern gefluchteter Familien zeigen, dass institutionelle Kinderbetreuung wesentlich zur Integration und Bildung beitragen kann. Der Wissenschaftliche Beirat für Familienfragen des BMFSFJ versucht, diesen für die Integration zentralen Aspekt in den Diskurs zu Flüchtlingen einzubringen und evidenzbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen zu geben. Abstract in English: Since 2015, many refugees have moved to Germany. So far, scholarly and political interests have focused on the possibilities of their labour market integration. However, the well-being and living arrangements of refugee families have been less investigated. This paper provides family-demographic data on refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Eritrea, and illustrates the high proportion of families with young children among them. The literature review of refugee families’ usage of public funded day care demonstrates the potential of positive effects of early childhood education and care services on the integration and education of refugee children. The Scientific Advisory Board of the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth aims to bring this important issue for integration into the discourse on refugees and to provide evidence-based policy advice. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.sozialerfortschritt.de/zeitschrift/aktuelles VL - 69 SP - 561 EP - 577 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Childbearing across partnerships in Finland and Germany T2 - Divorce in Europe. New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups N2 - This chapter examines gender differences in “multipartner fertility” – i.e., having children with several partners – in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. Further, having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners. KW - Fertility Finland Germany Multipartner fertility Stepfamily Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783030258375 (print), 9783030258382 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25838-2 SP - 315 EP - 335 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brüggmann, Daniel A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Die Einkommensverläufe von Männern nach Scheidung: Welchen Einfluss haben Kinder und Ex-Partnerinnen? JF - RV aktuell Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/DRV/DE/Ueber-uns-und-Presse/Mediathek/Zeitschriften/rv_aktuell/2020/rv_aktuell_2020.html VL - 11/12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Joas, Hans ED - Mau, Steffen T1 - Bevölkerung T2 - Lehrbuch der Soziologie Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783593503462 SP - 789 EP - 830 PB - Campus CY - Frankfurt /M. ER -