TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi A1 - Ganly, Kate T1 - Institutional voids as spaces of opportunity JF - European Business Forum N2 - The article discusses how institutional voids can be spaces of opportunity for companies. Institutional void refers to the absence of supporting institutions in certain economy. Institutions are shared conceptions and constraints that shape human interaction. They constitute the rules of the game, for doing business, for social interaction, and for human behavior in general. For motivated entrepreneurs, institutional voids is perceived as opportunities. Two examples are presented to illustrate the nature of institutional voids in Bangladesh and India. Y1 - 2007 UR - https://search.proquest.com/docview/224660584?accountid=11379 SN - 1469-6460 VL - 31 SP - 34 EP - 39 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi T1 - Entrepreneurship for social impact: Encouraging market access in rural Bangladesh JF - Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society N2 - Purpose – In many developing countries those living in poverty are unable to participate in markets due to the weakness or complete absence of supportive institutions. This study aims to examine, in microcosm, such an institutional void and to illustrate the strategy and activities employed by an entrepreneurial actor in rural Bangladesh in addressing it. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on an in-depth case study. Data were gathered over two years from field interviews, archives, and secondary sources. Findings – The data illustrate how market access for the poorest of the poor is facilitated through the creation of platforms for participation in the economy and broader society. The authors conceptualize this process as the crafting of new institutional arrangements and as resource and institutional bricolage occurring in parallel. Practical implications – The study offers insights for development agencies, policy makers and companies on how to combat poverty, fight corruption, and stimulate social and economic change. Originality/value – The paper enriches current thinking on institutions and entrepreneurship as well as strategies for social impact. KW - Design and development KW - Entrepreneurialism KW - Organizations KW - Markets Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700710820579 SN - 1472-0701 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 493 EP - 501 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Schoen, Oliver T1 - Successful social entrepreneurial business models in the context of developing economies: An explorative study JF - International Journal of Emerging Markets N2 - Purpose – Social entrepreneurial organizations have gained in awareness and interest among researchers, yet we know relatively little about how these organizations are able to create social and economic value. This paper seeks to understand how such organizations have managed to achieve scale and sustainability in developing economies – often lacking the institutions, networks and resources required to support their growth – whilst also maintaining their focus on a social mission. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a comparative case analysis of three social entrepreneurial organizations based in Bangladesh, Egypt and Spain that have been widely recognized as successful. It utilizes an explorative research approach with data gathered from many sources including published and unpublished articles, existing case studies, personal interviews and internet sources. Findings – Analysis of these three business models reveals common patterns in the use of strategic resources, in their value networks, and in customer interface. The findings suggest that successful social entrepreneurial organizations: proactively create their own value networks of companies that share their social vision; develop resource strategies as an integral part of the business model; and integrate their target groups into the social value network. Research limitations/implications – There are limitations in the sampling and data analysis approach, however, this study provides a first step towards a more inclusive empirical research agenda in the future. Practical implications – The paper offers interesting insights for existing for‐profit multi‐business companies to rethink their business models, particularly for developing country contexts. Originality/value – This paper encourages managers to think beyond the creation of economic value and demonstrates how social entrepreneurs achieve sustainable growth based on building complementary networks of stakeholders and resources integrated into the value chain. It provides propositions regarding the business models of successful social entrepreneurial organizations and hopes to stimulate managerial interest in alternative business models and future empirical research which builds on these qualitative findings. KW - Entrepreneurialism KW - Business policy KW - Developing countries KW - Bangladesh KW - Egypt KW - Spain Y1 - 2007 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/17468800710718895 SN - 1746-8809 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 54 EP - 68 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Digital democracy JF - European Business Forum N2 - Comite para Democratizacao da Informatica (CDI) is a non-political, non-profit, and non-governmental organization founded in Brazil in 1995. It aims to promote the social inclusion of less-privileged people, using information and communication technologies to teach them the basic concepts of self-esteem, citizenship and their rights as individuals. CDI executive director and founder Rodrigo Baggio's first step was to launch a campaign called "Computers for All", where companies were contacted and asked to donate used computers to the favelas. The next step was to create computer schools in the slums. In response to demand for new schools in other Brazilian states and beyond, CDI designed a "social franchise" model. The idea was to set up regional CDI offices to create new schools. Students are motivated to develop ideas that generate income and give them better employment prospects. The challenge now is for Baggio and his team to manage growth without losing the original vision of CDI. Y1 - 2006 UR - https://search.proquest.com/docview/224667272?accountid=11379 SN - 1469-6460 VL - 26 SP - 59 EP - 61 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi T1 - Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight JF - Journal of World Business N2 - Social entrepreneurship, as a practice and a field for scholarly investigation, provides a unique opportunity to challenge, question, and rethink concepts and assumptions from different fields of management and business research. This article puts forward a view of social entrepreneurship as a process that catalyzes social change and addresses important social needs in a way that is not dominated by direct financial benefits for the entrepreneurs. Social entrepreneurship is seen as differing from other forms of entrepreneurship in the relatively higher priority given to promoting social value and development versus capturing economic value. To stimulate future research the authors introduce the concept of embeddedness as a nexus between theoretical perspectives for the study of social entrepreneurship. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002 SN - 1090-9516 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 44 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Social entrepreneurship. The contribution of individual entrepreneurs to sustainable development T2 - Working Paper, WP No 553 N2 - Social entrepreneurship is a phenomenon that has resisted attempts to establish a clear definition. A focus on organizational structures and/or what constitutes a worthy social cause has created a diverse set of terminology. Observing the positive social impact of entrepreneurs catering to basic needs, this paper recognizes their unique role in efficiently contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals. From this perspective, the term social can be much better defined. The frameworks proposed in this paper should guide much-needed further research and facilitate decision making about more focused support from a financial as well as a learning perspective. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - sustainable development KW - value creation KW - needs Y1 - 2004 UR - http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/DI-0553-E.pdf PB - IESE Business School CY - Barcelona ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Exploring the determinants of unit performance : The role of middle managers in stimulating profit growth JF - Group & Organization Management N2 - This article sets out to identify the origins of performance differences between units within the same organizational and industry context. Building on and reconciling diverse research streams, it empirically tests the effect of strategic, individual, and context factors on performance over time. The study complements traditional research in strategy by advancing a middle manager perspective. More specifically, it highlights the importance of middlemanagers' actions aligned with strategy, their demographic characteristics, and their immediate competitive environment in stimulating performance. Data on 119 managers and units of a European financial services firm suggest that how middle managers enact strategy, who they are, and where they are significantly affect profit growth in their units. KW - middle managers KW - enacted strategy KW - business unit performance Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601104269113 SN - 1059-6011 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 263 EP - 288 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Borwankar, Anjaney T1 - Social entrepreneurial initiatives within the sustainable development landscape JF - International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education N2 - Over the last few years many business schools have been active in developing courses on social entrepreneurship. The case studies used are typically based on non-profit initiatives aimed at alleviating social problems in the community. Yet social entrepreneurship is not limited in scope and structure. It is neither geographically nor culturally centered. To avoid the dilemma of defining what social entrepreneurship is or what it is not, we argue that the most fruitful approach is to adopt a specific perspective that illuminates the role and the unique contribution of social entrepreneurship. The perspective we propose is 'sustainable development'. This approach also permits the positioning of social entrepreneurship alongside existing organizations that participate in the global efforts to achieve sustainable development. We describe initiatives by social entrepreneurs and established corporations, highlight the social, economic and environmental impact, and draw out commonalities from the examples given. Y1 - 2004 UR - http://www.senatehall.com/entrepreneurship?article=150 SN - 1649-2269 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 431 EP - 452 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Sustainable development, sustainable profit JF - European Business Forum N2 - Social entrepreneurship can be a powerful tool for corporations to gain entry and build loyalty in developing markets. While economic growth has led to tremendous improvements in personal freedoms and well-being for people in industrialised societies, it has left too many behind. The images of hunger, disease and human misery refuse to disappear from our television screens. How can growth be made more sustainable while at the same time including and benefiting all of society? The paradox is painful: while traditional markets are saturated, billions of people are desperately waiting for companies to cater to their most basic needs and wants. Social entrepreneurs act as change agents that enable the poor to participate in economic life. Entrepreneurs invent business models that can be scaled up and possibly repeated elsewhere: the Grameen Bank model has been replicated all over the world, with huge success. Social entrepreneurship initiatives also constitute local resources that lend themselves to new configurations for novel forms of value creation. KW - Social responsibility KW - Entrepreneurs KW - Sustainable development KW - Developing countries KW - LDCs KW - Economic development Y1 - 2005 UR - https://search.proquest.com/docview/224672209?accountid=11379 SN - 1469-6460 VL - 20 SP - 49 EP - 53 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Social Entrepreneurship : Creating new business models to serve the poor JF - Business Horizons N2 - The term “social entrepreneurship” (SE) is used to refer to the rapidly growing number of organizations that have created models for efficiently catering to basic human needs that existing markets and institutions have failed to satisfy. Social entrepreneurship combines the resourcefulness of traditional entrepreneurship with a mission to change society. One social entrepreneur, Ibrahim Abouleish, recently received the “Alternative Nobel Prize” for his Sekem initiative; in 2004, e-Bay founder Jeff Skoll donated 4.4 million pounds to set up a social entrepreneurship research center; and many social entrepreneurs have mingled with their business counterparts at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Social entrepreneurship offers insights that may stimulate ideas for more socially acceptable and sustainable business strategies and organizational forms. Because it contributes directly to internationally recognized sustainable development (SD) goals, social entrepreneurship may also encourage established corporations to take on greater social responsibility. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Sustainability KW - Business model KW - Corporate social responsibility Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2004.11.006 SN - 0007-6813 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 241 EP - 246 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Robinson, Jeffrey A1 - Hockerts, Kai T1 - International Perspectives on Social Entrepreneurship Research Y1 - 2009 SN - 9780230543157 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Robinson, Jeffrey A1 - Hockerts, Kai T1 - Social Entrepreneurship N2 - Social Entrepreneurship is a global phenomenon that impacts the lives of citizens by using innovative approaches to solving social problems. This book offers a comprehensive examination of this growing area of research and provides an excellent introduction to social entrepreneurship theory and a framework for future research. Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-1-349-54553-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625655 PB - Palgrave Macmillan UK CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi ED - Lawrence, Thomas B. ED - Suddaby, Simon Roy ED - Leca, Bernard T1 - Bringing change into the lives of the poor: Entrepreneurship outside traditional boundaries T2 - Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations N2 - The powerful imagery of entrepreneurship as a means to induce and explain institutional change is gaining momentum (Greenwood & Suddaby, 2006; Lawrence & Suddaby, 2006). In response to criticisms that institutional theory was chiefly being used to explain homogeneity and persistence, important efforts have been devoted to restoring human agency in explanations of endogenous institutional change (DiMaggio, 1988; Sewell, 1992; Emirbayer & Mische, 1998). However, the image of the entrepreneur as institutional change agent has also been a source of controversy among institutional theorists, especially when accompanied by voluntarist, un-embedded conceptions of individual action (Holm, 1995; Leca & Naccache, 2006). As a result we observe vivid scholarly discussions on how to solve the “paradox of embedded agency”– i.e. on explaining how institutional change is possible if actors are fully conditioned by the institutions that they wish to change (Holm, 1995; Seo & Creed, 2002; Greenwood & Suddaby, 2006). The current debate is important and we welcome more agent-oriented views on institutions. The purpose of this chapter is to advance institutional theory by rethinking various aspects of institutional work (Lawrence & Suddaby, 2006; DiMaggio, 1988) and thereby to contribute new insights into the paradox of embedded agency. We do so by challenging and breaking dominant patterns in current empirical research. While previous research on institutional entrepreneurship has predominantly looked at elite and/or powerful actors (DiMaggio, 1988; Fligstein & Mara-Drita, 1996) who assume either peripheral (Leblebici, Salancik, Copay & King, 1991) or central (Greenwood & Suddaby, 2006) positions, we focus instead on institutional work carried out by actors with limited power and very few resources. Y1 - 2009 SN - 9780511590351 SP - 92 EP - 119 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Ziegler, Rafeal T1 - Hope for Sustainable Development: How Social Entrepreneurs Make It Happen T2 - An Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship: Voices, Preconditions and Contexts KW - Gemeinwirtschaft KW - Nachhaltige Entwicklung Y1 - 2009 SN - 9781848443068 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848446229.00021 SP - 228 EP - 246 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi ED - Mair, Johanna ED - Robinson, Jeffrey ED - Hockerts, K. T1 - Social entrepreneurship as institution building T2 - International Perspectives on Social Entrepreneurship Research KW - Gemeinwirtschaft KW - Institutionelle Infrastruktur KW - Entwicklungsländer KW - Institutionalismus Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0-230-54315-7 SP - 144 EP - 159 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mitchell, Jordan ED - Smith, N. Craig ED - Lenssen, Gilbert T1 - Waste Concern: Turning a Problem into a Resource T2 - Mainstreaming Corporate Responsibility Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0470753941 SP - 332 EP - 351 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. CY - Chichester ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Rangan, V. Kashturi ED - Quelch, John A. ED - Herrero, Gustavo ED - Barton, Brooke T1 - How social entrepreneurs enable human, social, and economic development T2 - Business Solutions for the Global Poor: Creating Social and Economic Value Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-0-7879-8216-4 SP - 271 EP - 294 PB - Jossey-Bass CY - San Francisco ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Perrini, Francesco T1 - The Sekem initiative: a holistic vision to develop people T2 - New Social Entrepreneurship : What awaits social entrepreneurship ventures? Y1 - 2006 SN - 9781845427818 SP - 210 EP - 223 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Noboa, Ernesto ED - Mair, Johanna ED - Robinson, J. ED - Hockerts, K. T1 - Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture are formed T2 - Social Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-1-4039-9664-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625655 SP - 121 EP - 135 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Ganly, Kate ED - Mair, Johanna ED - Robinson, J. ED - Hockerts, K. T1 - Social entrepreneurs directly contribute to global development goals T2 - Social Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-1-4039-9664-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625655 SP - 235 EP - 275 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Elfring, Tom T1 - Entrepreneurial behavior in a large traditional firm: Exploring key drivers T2 - Corporate entrepreneurship and venturing Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-0-387-24850-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/b106351 VL - International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 10 SP - 49 EP - 72 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Cool, Karen O. ED - Henderson, James E. ED - Abate, Rene T1 - How much do middle managers really matter? An Empirical Study on their Impact on Sustained Superior Performance T2 - Restructuring Strategy: New Networks and Industry Challenges Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-1405126014 SP - 236 EP - 250 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Oxford, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Huysentruyt, Marieke A1 - Stephan, Ute T1 - Market-Oriented and Mission-Focused: Social Enterprises around the Globe JF - Stanford Social Innovation Review N2 - Social enterprises contribute significantly to the economy, and simultaneously are fiercely social mission-driven. KW - Global Issues KW - Investment KW - Social Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2016 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/market_oriented_and_mission_focused_social_enterprises_around_the_globe ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - When Innovation Goes Wrong JF - Stanford Social Innovation Review N2 - Efforts by social enterprises to develop novel interventions receive a great deal of attention. Yet these organizations often stumble when it comes to turning innovation into impact. As a result, they fail to achieve their full potential. Here’s a guide to diagnosing and preventing several “pathologies” that underlie this failure. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/when_innovation_goes_wrong SN - 1542-7099 VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 27 EP - 33 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Quand le business devient un outil contre la pauvreté JF - Business Digest, French edition N2 - À l’heure où tout nouveau débouché est un enjeu stratégique de taille, peut-on ignorer à la masse de consommateurs des pays du Sud ? Focus réalisé d’après « Profitable Business Models and Market Creation in the Context of Deep Poverty: A Strategic View », de Christian Seelos et Johanna Mair, Academy of Management Perspectives, novembre 2007, et l’interview d’Iqbal Quadir, fondateur et directeur du Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship (US), février 2009. Y1 - 2009 ET - 193 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - When business becomes a tool for fighting poverty JF - Business Digest, UK edition N2 - Can we continue to categorically dismiss consumers in Southern countries at a time when companies are struggling to find new markets? Based on « Profitable Business Models and Market Creation in the Context of Deep Poverty: A Strategic View », by Christian Seelos and Johanna Mair, Academy of Management Perspectives, November 2007, and the interviews of Iqbal Quadir, founder and director of the Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at MIT (USA), February 2009. Y1 - 2009 ET - 193 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - El negocio de beneficiar los pobres JF - Liderazgo, Estrategia & Actualidad (Bolivia) Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Kein Hype von Champagnersozialisten JF - Handelsblatt Y1 - 2008 UR - http://www.handelsblatt.com/karriere/mba-news/aussenansicht-kein-hype-von-champagner-sozialisten/2888880.html ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Ganly, Kate T1 - Freeplay JF - Executive Digest Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi T1 - Must social-entrepreneurship be nonprofit? JF - Business Week Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Moschieri, Caterina T1 - "Unbundling" incentiva a ascensão de novos negócios JF - Diário Económico Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Moschieri, Caterina T1 - Unbundling frees business for take off JF - Financial Times, Special Series on Mastering Transactions Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Thurner, Claudia T1 - The view from the middle JF - The Economist Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Noboa, Ernesto T1 - Emprendedores sociales: Cómo se forma la intención para crear una iniciativa de carácter social iniciativa JF - Iniciativa emprendedora y empresa familiar Y1 - 2005 SN - 1136-9752 VL - 48 SP - 23 EP - 39 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Crear espirales de desarrollo JF - Iniciativa Emprendedora Y1 - 2005 VL - 48 SP - 99 EP - 108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Noboa, Ernesto T1 - A new kind of company JF - Strategy & Business Y1 - 2004 VL - 35 SP - 138 EP - 139 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Reischauer, Georg T1 - Capturing the dynamics of the sharing economy: Institutional research on the plural forms and practices of sharing economy organizations JF - Technological Forecasting & Social Change N2 - To date, management research has paid little attention to dynamics of the sharing economy: how markets for sharing resources emerge and change, and the intended and unintended consequences of resource sharing. We propose a definition of the sharing economy that brings the role of organizations as infrastructure providers to the fore and helps us to assess the culturally rooted pluralism of forms and practices in these organizations. We introduce two perspectives in research on organizational institutionalism that focus on culture and pluralism – institutional complexity and institutional work – and argue that unpacking the pluralism of organizational forms and practices is critical to examine the dynamics of the sharing economy. We propose an agenda for research to capture the dynamics of the sharing economy at the organizational, field, and inter-field level. Such an agenda helps to document and analyze how the sharing economy manifests and evolves across various economic systems and has the potential to refine and recast existing management theory. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.023 VL - 125 IS - December 2017 SP - 11 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Moschieri, Caterina T1 - Corporate Entrepreneurship: Partial Divestitures as Real Option JF - European Management Review N2 - Scholars in strategy and entrepreneurship have discussed the benefits and difficulties of keeping ventures inside the firm versus separating them through divestitures and the balance between control and autonomy. Using an in-depth analysis of cases of partial divestitures, this study examines the organizational arrangement that arises from divestitures with a retained parent-unit relationship. The emerging framework connects the parent-unit relationship and its modifications along the divestiture's objective – specifically, the exploration carried out by the unit. Partial divestitures are designed as real options, for firms to manage corporate venturing, taking advantage of the flexibility that such arrangement may grant. Y1 - 2017 SN - 17404754 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 82 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wolf, Miriam A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Scaffolding: A Process of Transforming Patterns of Inequality in Small-Scale Societies JF - Academy of Management Journal N2 - This study advances research on organizational efforts to tackle multidimensional, complex, and interlinked societal challenges. We examine how social inequality manifests in small-scale societies, and illustrate how it inheres in entrenched patterns of behavior and interaction. Asking how development programs can be organizing tools to transform these patterns of inequality, we use a program sponsored by an Indian non-governmental organization as our empirical window and leverage data that we collected over a decade. We identify “scaffolding” as a process that enables and organizes the transformation of behavior and interaction patterns. Three interrelated mechanisms make the transformation processes adaptive and emerging alternative social orders robust: (1) mobilizing institutional, social organizational, and economic resources; (2) stabilizing new patterns of interaction that reflect an alternative social order; and (3) concealing goals that are neither anticipated nor desired by some groups. Through this analysis, we move beyond conventional thinking on unintended consequences proposed in classic studies on organizations, complement contemporary research about how organizations effect positive social change by pursuing multiple goals, and develop portable insights for organizational efforts in tackling inequality. This study provides a first link between the study of organizational efforts to alleviate social problems and the transformation of social systems. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0725 SN - 0001-4273 VL - 59 IS - 6 SP - 2021 EP - 2044 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Amis, John A1 - Munir, Kamal T1 - Institutions and Economic Inequality T2 - The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism Y1 - 2017 SN - 9781412961967 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.8689 SP - 705 EP - 736 PB - Greenwood, Royston; Oliver, Christine; Lawrence, Thomas B.; Meyer, Renate E. CY - Los Angeles; London; New Delhi; Singapore; Washington, DC; Melbourne ET - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Middle managers and corporate entrepreneurship: unpacking strategic roles and assessing performance implications T2 - Handbook of Middle Management Strategy Process Research N2 - This chapter examines the strategic roles of 150 middle managers in different units of a large European financial services firm. The study takes place in the context of a major corporate initiative aimed at creating a more entrepreneurial culture within the firm. Drawing on insights from 40 exploratory interviews, a survey instrument is used to identify four unique middle manager roles in corporate entrepreneurship; leader, broker, businessman, and architect. These roles are interpreted relative to existing literature. Associations between three roles (architect, leader, broker) and organizational performance are highlighted. The chapter adds insight into the roles of middle managers in corporate entrepreneurship initiatives and how these roles connect to organizational performance. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978 1 78347 324 3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783473250 SP - 448 EP - 472 PB - Floyd, Steven W.; Wooldridge, Bill CY - Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Water is Power JF - Impact India. Stanford Social Innovation Review Y1 - 2017 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/water_is_power VL - 2 IS - Spring 2017 SP - 24 EP - 29 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reischauer, Georg A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - How Organizations Strategically Govern Online Communities: Lessons from the Sharing Economy JF - Academy of Management Discoveries Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2016.0164 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 220 EP - 247 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reischauer, Georg A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Platform Organizing in the New Digital Economy: Revisiting Online Communities and Strategic Responses JF - Research in the Sociology of Organizations N2 - We are currently witnessing a new wave of the digital economy. A prime example is the sharing economy where an organization operates a platform for its online community, the sum of individuals who interact to exchange goods and services. The sharing economy blurs several boundaries of economic life – a fact that extant theory on platform organizing has yet paid little attention. We argue to consider two aspects of the sharing economy and revisit related theory to address this lacuna. First, we revive the concept of hybrid community to denote a variant of an online community that mirrors the boundary-blurring nature of the sharing economy. In a hybrid community, individuals interact both online and offline (instead of only online) and consume as well as produce. Second, we revisit the range of strategic responses suggested by extant literature to minimize the dependence of a platform organization on its hybrid community and show that the sharing economy requires management research to adapt and potentially recast existing claims. Y1 - 2018 VL - 57 SP - 113 EP - 135 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Radeke, Joanna A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Lenssen, Gilbert G. ED - Smith, N. Craig T1 - Waste Concern: Fixing Market Failures BT - An Executive Education Case and Textbook T2 - Managing Sustainable Business Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-94-024-1142-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1144-7 SP - 557 EP - 574 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hehenberger, Lisa A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seganti, Sara ED - Alemany, Luisa ED - Andreoli, Job J. T1 - Impact Investing: Financing Social Entrepreneurs T2 - Entrepreneurial Finance. The Art and Science of Growing Ventures Y1 - 2018 SN - 9781108368070 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108368070 SP - 485 EP - 527 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nusser, Harald A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Fürst, Michael T1 - Opinion: The coming evaluation revolution in corporate responsibility JF - Devex Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-the-coming-evaluation-revolution-in-corporate-responsibility-93479 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Mastering System Change JF - Stanford Social Innovation Review Y1 - 2018 UR - https://ssir.org/articles/entry/mastering_system_change IS - Fall 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Battilana, Julie A1 - Kimsey, Marissa A1 - Zogbi, Priscilla A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Associação Saúde Criança: Trying to Break the Cycle of Poverty and Illness at Scale N2 - Dr. Vera Cordeiro founded the NGO Associação Saúde Criança in 1991 to try to help poor families break the cycle of poverty and illness in Brazil. She and her team of employees and volunteers developed a holistic methodology to address the multidimensional sources of poverty based on the pillars of health, housing, citizenship, income, and education. After introducing the seeds of this approach, the case examines the evolution of the organization’s attempts to grow its social impact in Brazil and beyond—including a loose network of sister organizations, social franchising, licensing agreements, and government adoption. Y1 - 2018 PB - Harvard Business School Case Study ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas T1 - Alternative organizing with social purpose: revisiting institutional analysis of market-based activity JF - Socio-Economic Review N2 - Given rampant economic inequality, social exclusion and overconsumption, organizing in markets increasingly focuses on leveraging commercial activity for a social purpose. Alternative forms of organizing have developed to overcome the deficiencies of contemporary capitalism. They have become prevalent in numerous institutional contexts through types of organizations such as social enterprises, cooperatives and platform-based sharing economy organizations. Our objective is to ignite research on alternative organizing. We build on two important institutional perspectives, Neo-institutionalism and Comparative Capitalism, to investigate how these organizations diverge from the archetypal corporation. In addition, we develop a framework to guide institutional analysis of the origins, enabling conditions and consequences of alternative organizing in contemporary markets and society. We conclude by laying out pathways for future research. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwz031 SN - 1475-147X VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 817 EP - 836 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Miriam A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Purpose, Commitment and Coordination Around Small Wins: A Proactive Approach to Governance in Integrated Hybrid Organizations JF - VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Integrated hybrid organizations, for instance social enterprises that pursue both social and economic goals through a single activity, are seen by many as promising vehicles to create social value while remaining economically sustainable. At the same time, they are said to run the risk of mission drift—losing sight of their social mission while navigating market and political pressures. While organizational governance mechanisms that ensure the overall direction, control and accountability of the organization are considered key to avoiding mission drift, scholars have argued that traditional governance mechanisms may not work in the context of social enterprises. Drawing on the legacy of old institutional theory, this article proposes a proactive approach to governance in social enterprises. We complement and go beyond control and compliance approaches and introduce a governance approach focused on purpose, commitment and coordinating around small wins. We propose that these three interlocking governance mechanisms allow social enterprises to mitigate the risk of mission drift in a proactive rather than reactive manner. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00116-5 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 535 EP - 548 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Battilana, Julie A1 - Butler, Brittany A1 - Kimsey, Marissa A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Marquis, Christopher A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - George, Gerard ED - Baker, Ted ED - Tracey, Paul ED - Joshi, Havovi T1 - Problem, person, and pathway: A framework for social innovators BT - The Role of Organizations, Markets and Communities in Social Innovation T2 - Handbook of Inclusive Innovation Y1 - 2019 SN - 9781786436009 SN - 9781786436016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786436016 SP - 61 EP - 74 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romme, Georges A1 - Ansell, Chris A1 - Buck, John A1 - Choi, Younghoon A1 - van der Eyden, Rob A1 - Figueroa Huencho, Verónica A1 - John, Edwin A1 - Kunkler, Tracy A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Meijer, Albert A1 - Meyer, Renate A1 - Stephenson, Karen A1 - Välikangas,, Liisa A1 - Whitestone, Nathaniel A1 - Yu, Cordelia T1 - United People: Designing a New Model of Global Governance JF - Journal of Asian Scientific Research Y1 - 2018 UR - http://www.aessweb.com/pdf-files/JASR-2018-8(4)-152-170.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.2.2018.84.152.170 SN - 2223-1331 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 152 EP - 170 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zilber, Tammar B. A1 - Amis, John M. A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Zilber, Tammar B. ED - Amis, John M. ED - Mair, Johanna T1 - Dismantling the Master’s House Using the Master’s Tools: On the Sociology of Organizational Knowledge BT - The Production of Managerial Knowledge and Organizational Theory: New Approaches to Writing, Producing and Consuming Theory T2 - Research in the Sociology of Organizations (Volume 59) Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78769-184-1 VL - 59 SP - 19 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Reischauer, Georg T1 - Plurality and Effects of the Sharing Economy BT - 2nd Volume: A World of New Practices T2 - Atlas of Social Innovation Y1 - 2019 SN - 9783962381578 SP - 30 EP - 33 PB - oekoem verlag CY - Munich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hehenberger, Lisa A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Metz, Ashley T1 - The Assembly of a Field Ideology: An Idea-Centric Perspective on Systemic Power in Impact Investing JF - Academy of Management Journal N2 - We advance a novel idea-centric perspective to study power-laden aspects of institutional life in fields. Our study includes data from the field of impact investing in Europe from 2006–2018, collected from the inside and analyzed collaboratively by inside and outside researchers. We develop an analytical tool based on dichotomies to detect latent forms of conflict that easily remain unnoticed and to see how some ideas become dominant while others are abandoned or sidelined. We display the assembly of a field ideology—a coherent system of ideas that shapes thinking, reasoning and acting in a field. Furthermore, we specify suppression as a mechanism that gives rise to and perpetuates systemic power in fields, restricting options and shaping what is valued. Our study provides insights into the dynamic nature of institutional life in fields, including alternative paths not taken and possible futures. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.1402 VL - 62 IS - 6 SP - 1672 EP - 1704 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uzo, Uchenna A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Adewusi, Adedeji T1 - Relational activities and channel contracts: Insights from channel intermediaries in Nigeria JF - Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation N2 - This article explains how relational activities affect the design of seemingly paradoxical contractual arrangements among groups of channel intermediaries in Nigeria. The study used a grounded theory approach to investigate and analyze the contractual processes of three groups of channel intermediaries representing three diverse industries. Findings reveal that social relational activities trigger a higher prevalence of word-of-mouth agreements among channel intermediaries, whereas a blend of commercial and social relational activities trigger a higher prevalence of written agreements. Furthermore, we find that negotiation domains moderate the relationship between relational activities and the design of contractual arrangements. Insights from our work offer contributions to the literature on paradoxes, relational embeddedness, and international business. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2055563619867341 VL - 4 IS - 1-2 SP - 75 EP - 97 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Powell, Walter W. ED - Bromley, Patricia T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: Research as Disciplined Exploration T2 - The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook N2 - Social enterprises address social problem by means of markets. Over the last two decades they have become increasingly popular across geographies. During this time open contestation and ideological debates over the promise, intention and meaning of social entrepreneurship have dominated public discourse but also inhibited the development of a solid knowledge base on social enterprises as a form of organizing in the spectrum of private action for public purpose. The dominant way of seeing social enterprises as pursuing dual – commercial and social – goals and as ideal sites to study the battle of logics confines our way of looking and limit the theorizing potential around social enterprise. In this chapter I advocate for disciplined exploration approach to study social enterprises to expose this potential. I draw from a collaborative research project involving 1,045 social enterprises across nine countries and show patterns and common features of social enterprises regarding their choice of legal form, their participation in the market for public purpose, their social footprint, and their role in changing local institutional arrangements. I argue that embracing rather than taming the diversity of social enterprises opens opportunities for developing new but more importantly for recasting, refining and connecting existing theories. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781503608047 PB - Stanford University Press CY - Stanford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Laasch, Oliver ED - Jamali, Dima ED - Freeman, R. E. ED - Suddaby, Roy T1 - Social Innovation: Specifying Pathways for Impact T2 - Research Handbook of Responsible Management N2 - Outlining both historical foundations and the latest research trends, this Research Handbook offers a unique and cutting-edge overview of the numerous avenues to responsible management. Opening with a conceptual mapping of the field, thought leaders such as Henry Mintzberg and Archie Carroll present foundational and controversial views. Frameworks such as sustainability management, responsible leadership, humanistic and biomimetic management are introduced. Glocal approaches include responsible management with Chinese characteristics, West African Yoruba, and American Pragmatism. Exploring frameworks for the responsible management process, such as theories of practice, and for responsible management learning and innovation, readers are introduced to key methods responsible management research, such as participatory action research. Groundbreaking in scope and depth, this Handbook caters to the responsible management research community, particularly to the Academy of Management and to United Nations PRME signatory business schools. Policymakers and practitioners will benefit from its insight into the latest advances in responsible management research. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781788971959 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham,UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maurer, Indre A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Oberg, Achim T1 - Variety and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing in the Sharing Economy: A Research Agenda T2 - Theorizing the Sharing Economy: Varieties and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing, Research in the Sociology of Organizations N2 - The sharing economy is one of the most influential developments of the last decade. The emergence of new forms of organizing it brings with it has affected modern (business) life at multiple levels: Sharing organizations have blurred the distinction between the individual roles of provider, user, and employee; they have introduced organizational practices of coordinating members and communities; and they have sparked societal, political, and economic debates in multiple fields. These dynamics at the individual, organizational, and field level provide an opportunity for organization scholars to take stock of and theorize the sharing economy. This volume takes advantage of this opportunity by presenting a collection of empirical and conceptual work that explores the variety and the trajectories of new forms of organizing in the sharing economy, and in doing so builds on, rejuvenates, and refines existing organization theories. Together, the chapters included in this volume offer a comprehensive overview of theoretically grounded research that deepens our understanding of new forms of organizing and indicates future avenues for research. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781787561809 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: Prospects for the Study of Market Based Activity and Social Change T2 - The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives N2 - Corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to grow as an area of interest in academia and business. Encompassing broad topics such as the relationship between business, society, and government, environmental issues, globalization, and the social and ethical dimensions of management and corporate operation, CSR has become an increasingly interdisciplinary subject relevant to areas of economics, sociology, and psychology, among others. New directions in CSR research include advanced 'micro' based investigations in organizational behaviour and human resource management, additional studies of environmental social responsibility and sustainability, further research on 'strategic' CSR, connections between social responsibility and entrepreneurship, and improvements in methods and data analysis as the field matures. Through authoritative contributions from international scholars across the social sciences, this Handbook provides a cohesive overview of this recent expansion. It introduces new perspectives, new methodologies, and new evidence from a range of disciplines to encourage and facilitate interdisciplinary research and global implementation of corporate social responsibility. Y1 - 2019 SN - 9780198802280 SP - 359 EP - 373 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Maurer, Indre A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Oberg, Achim T1 - Theorizing the Sharing Economy: Varieties and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing. N2 - The sharing economy is one of the most influential developments of the last decade. The emergence of new forms of organizing it brings with it has affected modern (business) life at multiple levels: Sharing organizations have blurred the distinction between the individual roles of provider, user, and employee; they have introduced organizational practices of coordinating members and communities; and they have sparked societal, political, and economic debates in multiple fields. These dynamics at the individual, organizational, and field level provide an opportunity for organization scholars to take stock of and theorize the sharing economy. This volume takes advantage of this opportunity by presenting a collection of empirical and conceptual work that explores the variety and the trajectories of new forms of organizing in the sharing economy, and in doing so builds on, rejuvenates, and refines existing organization theories. Together, the chapters included in this volume offer a comprehensive overview of theoretically grounded research that deepens our understanding of new forms of organizing and indicates future avenues for research. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781787561809 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley, UK ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Zilber, Tammar B. A1 - Amis, John M. A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - The Production of Managerial Knowledge and Organizational Theory: New Approaches to Writing, Producing and Consuming Theory N2 - As organizational scholars, we are accustomed to using theoretical lenses to understand organizational practices and outcomes. That is, we conceptualize what people do, feel and think in their everyday organizational interactions through the use of theoretical language and models to uncover individual and/or social antecedents and outcomes. We tend to ignore, however, how our own day-to-day work as scholars - doing research - is subjected to the same pressures, affected by similar factors, and should be accounted for through similar modes of analyses. We treat our studies and theories as solid anchor points and as objective truths rather than as constructions embedded within individual, organizational, field and societal contexts. This volume is a must read for all researchers interested in understanding our own craft. Building on established traditions in the sociology of knowledge, we direct a reflective and critical gaze towards the structures, practices and meaning systems that ground and shape how we produce and consume managerial knowledge and organization theory. The volume includes both empirically-based papers and reflective essays that explore theoretical concepts and analytical reasoning to explain, critique and advance the ways in which we write about, produce, and consume theory. Y1 - 2019 SN - 9781787691841 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amis, John M. A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Munir, Kamal A. T1 - The Organizational Reproduction of Inequality JF - Academy of Management Annals N2 - With societal inequalities continuing to increase and organizations providing the vast majority of people with their income, we wanted to assess the ways in which organizational practices are implicated in the burgeoning of social and economic inequality. Following an integrative review of the literature drawn from across the social sciences, we found that the multiple ways in which five major organizational practices – hiring, role allocation, promotion, compensation and structuring – are enacted emerged as being central to the reproduction of inequality. We also uncovered how the persistence of these practices, and the inequality they induce, can be largely attributed to a constellation of three highly institutionalized myths, efficiency, meritocracy and positive globalization. Our analysis further reveals how, as scholars, we bear a corresponding responsibility to reconsider how we engage in research on and teaching about organizations. The implications of this for our future work are discussed. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2017.0033 VL - 14 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Scaling innovative ideas to create inclusive labour markets JF - Nature Human Behaviour Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0352-1 SN - ISSN 2397-3374 (online) VL - 2 SP - 884 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mayer, Judith A1 - Lutz, Eva T1 - Navigating Institutional Plurality: Organizational Governance in Hybrid Organizations JF - Organization Studies N2 - Hybrid organizations operate in a context of institutional plurality and enact elements of multiple, often conflicting institutional logics. Governance is highly relevant in navigating such an environment. This study examines how hybrid organizations set up their governance structures and practices. Building on survey data from 70 social enterprises, a subset of hybrid organizations, we identify two types of hybrid organization: conforming hybrids rely on the prioritization of a single institutional logic and dissenting hybrids use defiance, selective coupling and innovation as mechanisms to combine and balance the prescriptions of several institutional logics. We illustrate these mechanisms by drawing on the qualitative analysis of selected cases. This study refines current debates on social enterprises as hybrid organizations. Based on our findings, we speculate that some social enterprises might assume hybridity for symbolic reasons while others – genuine hybrids – do so for substantive reasons. KW - - KW - governance KW - hybrid organization KW - institutional logic KW - institutional plurality KW - mechanism KW - social enterprises Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615580007 SN - 0170-8406 SN - 1741-3044 VL - 36 IS - 6 SP - 713 EP - 739 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Sage UK: London, England ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas ED - Besharov, Marya ED - Mitzinneck, Bjoern T1 - Let’s Talk about Problems: Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing, Social Enterprises, and Institutional Context T2 - Organizational Hybridity: Perspectives, Processes, Promises (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 69) N2 - Social enterprises have long been considered ideal settings for studying hybrid organizing due to their combination of social and economic goals and activities. In this chapter, the authors argue that the current research focus on hybrid organizing foregrounds the paradox, conflicting logics, and multiple identities associated with the pursuit of multiple goals but underappreciates the relationship between hybrid organizing and its institutional context. Recognizing that the primary objective of social enterprises is to tackle social problems, the authors introduce the social problem domain as an analytically useful and theoretically interesting meso-level to examine the role of context for hybrid organizing and to advance conversations on hybridity in organizational theory. Social problem domains offer insights into the political, cultural, and material differences in how various societies deal with social problems, which in turn affects hybrid organizing. The authors provide empirical insights derived from an analysis of social enterprises across three countries and social problem domains. The authors show how the institutional arrangements of social enterprises differ considerably across contexts, and how these arrangements affect how social enterprises become more or less similar compared to traditional ways of organizing in these problem domains. Based on these findings, the authors outline a research agenda on social enterprises that focuses on examining the nature, antecedents, and outcomes of hybrid organizing around social problems across multiple levels of analysis. With this chapter, the authors move the focus of social enterprise research in organizational theory from studying how these organizations cope with multiple logics and goals toward studying how they engage in markets for public purpose. KW - Social enterprises - Hybrid organizing - Institutional context - Social problems - Isomorphism - Context dependence Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20200000069009 SP - 189 EP - 208 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chandra, Yanto A1 - Shang, Liang A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Drivers of success in social innovation: Insights into competition in open social innovation contests JF - Journal of Business Venturing Insights N2 - Social innovation is a fast-growing field of practice that has caught the attention of management and entrepreneurship scholars. The recent excitement surrounding “open social innovation” contests raises the question of what makes social innovation solutions successful contenders in these ubiquitous contests. We used uniquely assembled data, including data generated from external evaluators, to explore what determines success in an open social innovation contest (n = 150 out of 871 entries) in the field of poverty alleviation. We found that innovators who had networks with corporations and those who had commercial orientations were more likely to succeed in open social innovation contests. We also discovered that the perceived usefulness and innovativeness of social innovation solutions mediated these positive relationships. Our study offers early insights that deepen our understanding of success in the growing practice of open social innovation. KW - Social innovation KW - Open social innovation KW - Solution KW - Competition KW - Contest Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00257 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uzo, Uchenna A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - How informality affects habitual improvisation in firms: insights from the Nigerian movie industry JF - International Studies of Management & Organization N2 - Research has often underestimated the pervasive and global occurrence of informality because studies largely define informality as illegal economic practices. This study adopts a multidimensional view of informality to explain how and why firms habitually improvise even when they do not experience unexpected or extreme eventualities. We addressed this concern through a comparative ethnographic study of three film production crews in the Nigerian movie industry. Our findings unravel the multiple dimensions of informality and define habitual improvization. We build a theoretical model that traces the organizing principles of informality and how they affect the modes of implementation and outcomes of habitual improvization. Finally, we offer an agenda for future theoretical and empirical research on informality and organizational improvization. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2021.1898102 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 162 EP - 184 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uzo, Uchenna A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Adewusi, Adedeji T1 - How firms strategically navigate informal and formal copyright practices: insights from Nollywood JF - International Journal of Organizational Analysis N2 - Purpose The purpose of this study is to explain how and why firms configure copyright practices when confronted with state-sanctioned laws and informal customs projected by local ethnic or religious communities. Design/methodology/approach A multi-case inductive study of four film-producing organizations within the Nigerian film industry (i.e. Nollywood) was conducted. Specifically considered were firms that started their operations around the same time with similar founding conditions, experiences, resources and technical competencies. Field observations and multiple rounds of in-depth interviews were conducted to achieve the research objectives. Findings The study found that firms adopted dominant or hybrid configurations when interacting with informality and formality. Dominant configurations represent the exclusive adoption of informal copyright practices while hybrid configurations refer to the blended use of informal and formal copyright practices. The second set of findings revealed that each firm’s strategic intent affected the type of interactional configuration that unfolded in the firm. Specifically, firms with social intents tended to adopt dominant configurations, whereas firms with socio-economic intents tended to adopt hybrid configurations. Practical implications The study implies that firms may profit from strategically focusing on when and in what circumstances to adopt informality. Strategic intents that blend social and economic rationales may secure more positive interactive outcomes from internal and external stakeholders promoting formality and informality. Social implications This study highlights the fact that firms embedded in local religious and ethnic communities use organizational practices to solve social and institutional problems of their members. The copyright practices of these organizations encourage apprenticeship, youth empowerment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that goes beyond macro-level analysis to investigate the interactional dynamics between formality and informality at the firm, community, and state levels. The study is also first of its kind to use copyright practices as an analytical lens to explore the interaction between informality and formality. KW - Copyright practices KW - Community KW - Informality KW - Formality KW - Nollywood Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-06-2020-2236 SN - 1934-8835 VL - ahead-of-print IS - ahead-of-print ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas T1 - Open Social Innovation T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review KW - #UpdateDeutschland KW - #WirVsVirus KW - Advocacy KW - Covid-19 KW - Social Innovation Y1 - 2021 UR - https://ssir.org/pdf/Fall-2021-Feature-Mair-Open-Social-Innovation.pdf SP - 26 EP - 33 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chliova, Myrto A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Vernis, Alfred ED - Delmestri, Giuseppe ED - Wezel, Filippo Carlo ED - Goodrick, Elizabeth ED - Washington, Marvin T1 - Persistent Category Ambiguity: The case of social entrepreneurship JF - Organization Studies N2 - Literature on categories recognizes that in the early stages of a category, ambiguity can arise from divergent frames used to define the category. Yet it also largely expects this ambiguity to be either temporary, or else detrimental to the survival and evolution of the category. In this study, we demonstrate and explain how, alternatively, category ambiguity can persist when multiple frames continue to be applied to a category as it progresses into maturity. Drawing on an in-depth qualitative study of the case of social entrepreneurship, we examine how and under what conditions this outcome occurs. We specify two co-occurring conditions that prompt category stakeholders to shift their framing from exclusive to inclusive, enabling category ambiguity to persist. We furthermore show how the use of category frames that draw from pre-existing resonant categories supports the persistence of category ambiguity. We contribute to literature on categories by clarifying the antecedents of category evolution towards a trajectory of persistent ambiguity. KW - - KW - categories KW - ambiguity KW - frames KW - labels KW - stakeholders Y1 - 2020 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-35701 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840620905168 SN - 0170-8406 (print), 1741-3044 (online) VL - 41 IS - 7 SP - 1019 EP - 1042 PB - SAGE Publications CY - Sage UK: London, England ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Reischauer, Georg ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Toepler, Stefan ED - List, Regina T1 - Sharing Economy T2 - International Encyclopedia of Civil Society N2 - The sharing economy can be understood as a web of markets in which individuals exchange goods and services. Market exchange is typically based on transactions mediated by a digital platform operated by an organization (Mair and Reischauer 2017). The multiple legal forms, orientations, and modes of compensation these organizations adopt combined with the broad range of markets including food, tool, and ride-sharing exemplify the potential of the sharing economy to nurture alternative forms of organizing with social purpose (Mair and Rathert forthcoming) to affect the economy, society, and the environment in new ways (Frenken and Schor 2017). Y1 - 2020 UR - 978-3-319-99675-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_9558-1 PB - Springer International Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas ED - Blättel-Mink, Birgit ED - Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo ED - Windeler, Arnold T1 - Sozialunternehmertum T2 - Handbuch Innovationsforschung N2 - Sozialunternehmertum bezieht sich auf die innovative Nutzung wie Kombination von Ressourcen zur Bewältigung sozialer Probleme und Bedürfnisse. Wir zeichnen Debatten um die Definition von Sozialunternehmertum nach und stellen institutionellen Wandel und die Verfolgung vielfältiger Ziele als Schlüsselmerkmale von Sozialunternehmertum heraus. Auf Basis einer Diskussion verschiedener Arbeiten der Management-, Organisations- und Unternehmertumsforschung eröffnen wir eine prägnante und generative Perspektive auf Sozialunternehmertum. Sie soll helfen, die Erforschung sozialer Innovationen voran zu treiben. KW - Sozialunternehmertum · Sozialunternehmen · Organisationen · Institutioneller Kontext · Governance Y1 - 2020 SN - Printed: 978-3-658-17668-6 / eBook: 978-3-658-17668-6 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Lührsen, René A1 - Thäter, Laura T1 - UpdateDeutschland: Open Social Innovation - thinking ahead and learning N2 - This Learning Report is the result of the accompanying research project on the Open Social Innovation format UpdateDeutschland. The aim is to equip all interested parties with concepts, language and insights to better understand and jointly develop Open Social Innovation. The Learning Report provides an overview of UpdateDeutschland and uses UpdateDeutschland to explain the Open Social Innovation process; analyzes data around challenges, participation, and activity to deepen understanding of the Open Social Innovation methodology in UpdateDeutschland; highlights four different pathways that symbolize how impact was created in UpdateDeutschland; illuminates what broader benefits and challenges emerged for administrations throughout the process; addresses four key organizational challenges; and offers a critical reflection on Open Social Innovation and highlights its transformative potential. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42922 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4292 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Organizations, Social Problems, and System Change: Invigorating the Third Mandate of Organizational Research JF - Organization Theory N2 - Organizations across sectors appear to be shifting their ambitions from solving social problems to changing entire social systems. This phenomenon offers a timely opportunity to revisit what came to be known as the third mandate of organizational theory. In this paper we interrogate how organizational scholarship can productively explore and theorize the relationship between organizations and social systems in organized system change – an effort by organizations to alter the conditions that generate the characteristics of social problems and their dynamics of change. As a basis for theorizing organized system change, we develop an analytical scaffold that helps researchers to attend to fundamental aspects of the phenomenon and to achieve parsimony without blanking out complexity. Grounded in realist metatheory and principles, the scaffold reduces ambiguity, provides a backbone for empirical analysis, and favours mechanism-based explanation. We suggest that generating theoretically interesting and practically adequate knowledge on organized system change requires attention to three system realms: First, the subjectively constructed problem realm of systems concerned with processes of evaluating and problematizing situations. Second, the objectively constituted situational realm that attends to factual characteristics of situations and their dynamics of change. And third, the realm of causality understood as the mechanisms that generate both the objective characteristics of situations and the subjective criteria by which situations are evaluated as problems. In concluding, we reflect on the topics of boundaries and power as two promising areas for theorizing organized system change. KW - grand challenges KW - hybrid organizing KW - social problems KW - system change KW - systems Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877211054858 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cunha, Miguel Pina e A1 - Gomes, Emanuel A1 - Kamoche, Ken A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Miner, Anne A1 - Tarba, Shlomo T1 - Improvisation, strategy, and strategic improvisation in emerging markets JF - European Management Review Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12543 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 349 EP - 356 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lechterman, Theodore A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - The Societal Role of Social Entrepreneurship T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48558/G78A-J256 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Sofer, Miki A1 - Burton, Caitlin A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Making Health Innovations Thrive in Africa T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review N2 - Many hurdles stand in the way of successful innovation. The case of Zipline, an autonomous drone delivery platform, demonstrates many of the pitfalls of the dominant modes of development in Africa, along with some potential solutions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48558/XCTW-2515 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Kindt, Josefa A1 - Mena, Sébastien T1 - The Emerging Field of Political Innovation T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review N2 - Civil society has attended to social problems for decades while intentionally refraining from overt engagement with politics. But a new field of practice seeks to reinvigorate democracy by emancipating social innovation from this stricture. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48558/R5XX-CP70 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 24 EP - 29 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Traeger, Charlotte A1 - Nolting, Fenja ED - Dorado, Silvia ED - Haugh, Helen ED - Wadhwani, R. Daniel ED - Hamann, Ralph T1 - Advancing Phenomenon-Based Research on Complex Societal Challenges: The Case of Homelessness T2 - Big Picture Approaches to the Impact of Social Innovations N2 - We advance organizational research on complex societal challenges and showcase the relevance of a system perspective to analyze organized efforts to address homelessness as a social problem. We adopt a phenomenon-based approach to theorizing and generate plausible explanations by analyzing historical accounts of decisions and actions taken to tackle homelessness by various actors across different sectors in the United States between 1960 and 2021. We apply an analytical scaffolding proposed by Mair and Seelos (2021) to examine how organizations intervene in social systems and explicate the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Attending to these three realms helps to reveal how homelessness was problematized differently over time and to examine how different causal assumptions shaped organizational decisions about developing and scaling solutions to homelessness. Based on our analysis, we develop a series of propositions that capture contextualized insights on the characteristics and consequences of efforts to address homelessness, accounting for linkages between the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Finally, our analytical and theoretical approach helps uncover the interconnectedness of scaling and scale, providing valuable insights for theory and policy. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-1-83608-528-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20250000096002 VL - 96 SP - 25 EP - 50 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas ED - Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo ED - Windeler, Arnold ED - Blättel-Mink, Birgit T1 - Social Entrepreneurship T2 - Handbook of Innovation N2 - Social entrepreneurship refers to the innovative use and combination of resources to address social problems and needs. Social entrepreneurship and social enterprises constitute an increasingly relevant form of organizing across different contexts, reflected in growing interest from policymakers in Europe and beyond. We provide an overview of definitional debates around social entrepreneurship and focus on institutional change and the pursuit of multiple goals as key characteristics of social entrepreneurship. These characteristics set social entrepreneurship apart from commercial entrepreneurship focused on providing products and services but also create unique challenges. On the one hand, as research on social entrepreneurship and institutional change has shown, social entrepreneurship involves the consideration of the context-specific nature of social problems and social innovations. In addition, scholarship on social entrepreneurship and the pursuit of multiple goals emphasizes a set of resulting demands on organizational governance, including ensuring accountability and acquiring resources while straddling diverse institutional contexts. Interrogating the existing literature in management, organization, and entrepreneurship studies on these aspects, our discussion offers a succinct and generative perspective on social entrepreneurship that helps to advance the study of social innovation. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-25143-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25143-6_25-1 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wolf, Miriam A1 - Ioan, Alexandra ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Baums, Theodor T1 - Governance in Social Enterprises T2 - Advances in Corporate Governance: Comparative Perspectives. N2 - Social enterprises are organisations that pursue a social mission using market mechanisms. From a policy perspective, they are promising vehicles to create both social and economic value for society in times when public funds are shrinking and the financial viability of charities and non-profit organisations (NPOs) is increasingly at stake. From a civil society perspective, they are an important organisational form to ensure longevity, financial viability, and sustainability of mission-driven organisations. Social enterprises are neither typical charities nor typical businesses but combine aspects of both, using commercial activities as means toward social ends. They are often small or medium-sized1 and do not draw on highly elaborated governance arrangements as do larger for- or non-profit organisations. Governance often resembles a grey zone for these organisations, and the approach social enterprises adopt ranges from formal, legally binding arrangements to more flexible and context-based ones. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9780198866367 SP - 180 EP - 202 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wolf, Miriam ED - Donnelly-Cox, Gemma ED - Meyer, Michael ED - Wijkström, Filip T1 - Hybrid Organizations as Sites for Reimagining Organizational Governance. T2 - Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance. Research Handbooks in Business and Management series. N2 - In this chapter we argue that hybrid organizations, i.e., organizations pursuing dual goals, are an important site for rethinking and potentially recasting our perspective on organizational governance. We give an overview of the specific governance challenges hybrid organizations face and probe conventional and more novel approaches and their potential to understand governance in hybrid organizations. Introducing empirical findings from a large-scale qualitative and quantitative study about governance in social enterprises, we propose to complement the reactive approach dominant in the governance literature with a more proactive approach: drawing on the work of Philip Selznick, we introduce a governance approach focused on purpose, commitment and new ways of coordination. We propose that these three interlocking governance mechanisms allow hybrid organizations such as social enterprises to mitigate governance challenges such as the risk of mission drift in a proactive rather than reactive manner. Y1 - 2021 SN - 9781788114905 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114912.00027 SP - 311 EP - 325 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bitektine, Alex A1 - Haack, Patrick A1 - Bothello, Joel A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Inhabited actors: Internalizing institutions through communication and actorhood models. JF - Journal of Management Studies N2 - We argue that accounts of relationships among actors, actorhood and institutions are predominantly based on a spatial metaphor of actors operating within institutions. We outline how an inversion of this metaphor – i.e., the perspective that institutions inhabit actors – may prove generative for theory, particularly with respect to recent discussions about the microfoundations of institutions. We outline how communication and actorhood models function as transmission mechanisms of institutions from one actor to another. We conclude with a discussion of how the inverted metaphor of institutions inhabiting actors can be useful for future theoretical developments. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/JOMS.12560 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Clarissa E. A1 - Okraku, Mark A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Maurer, Indre T1 - Steering the transition from informal to formal service provision: labor platforms in emerging-market countries. JF - Socio-Economic Review N2 - Services that are especially suited to being offered via online labor platforms, such as cleaning, driving and tutoring, are frequently performed in an informal way, especially in emerging-market countries. The informal economy is thus important for recruiting workers for labor platforms. Platform use, however, requires formal service provision, which workers in the informal economy often resist. Thus, labor platforms have to promote workers’ transition from informal to formal service provision. While recent studies have hinted at labor platforms’ fostering of formal economic activity, we know little about how such intermediation unfolds. We use a process lens and comprehensive qualitative data on labor platforms in Panama and Mexico to study how labor platforms steer workers to formal service provision. Detailing the interactive process of workers transitioning to formal service provision as triggered by labor platforms, we add to platform research and literature on intermediation between informal and formal economic activity. KW - Entrepreneurship, firm strategy, governance, institutions, Latin America, management Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwab008 SP - 1 EP - 30 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sezgi, Funda A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Bali Swain, Ranjula ED - Sweet, Susanne T1 - To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling. T2 - Sustainable Consumption and Production, Volume II. N2 - In this chapter, we assess the link between scaling, control and organizational achievements. We argue that control is essential to coordinate organizational members towards a common and shared goal and to provide guardrails for scaling. We use the experience of the Aravind Eye Care System, a non-profit organization based in India providing eye care services to poor people to specify the mechanisms employed by Aravind underpinning three popular organizational scaling modes—branching, affiliation and dissemination. Our objective is to show how control and scaling can be combined in order to protect the value base of a social enterprise and at the same time ensure growth. Y1 - 2021 SN - Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55284-8 | Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-55285-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55285-5_15 VL - II SP - 355 EP - 376 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Thäter, Laura A1 - Lührsen, René T1 - Learning Report. Open Social Innovation: Gemeinsam Lernen aus #WirvsVirus N2 - Das #WirvsVirus Begleitforschungsprogramm Seit dem Start des Hackathons begleiten wir, Prof. Johanna Mair (Hertie School und Stanford University), Thomas Gegenhuber (Leuphana Universität und JKU Linz), René Lührsen und Laura Thäter (wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter*innen) den #WirvsVirus Hackathon und das Umsetzungsprogramm. Ziel ist es zu erforschen, welche Lehren aus diesem Experiment für künftige Initiativen gezogen werden können. Wir als Forschungsteam verstehen uns als Lernpartner*innen dieses Experiments: Neben regelmäßigem Austausch mit den #WirvsVirus Organisator*innen schufen wir eine respekt¬volle, kollaborative Umgebung für gemeinsames Lernen mit allen beteiligten Interessensgruppen. Die Datenerhebung besteht aus 200+ semi-strukturierten Interviews mit allen Interessensgruppen (Teams, Organisator*innen, Pat*innen und Unterstützer*innen, sowie politische und zivilgesell¬schaftliche Akteure), Dokumentenanalyse (z.B. Analyse von Medienartikeln) sowie teilnehmende Beobachtungen (circa 650 Stunden Begleitung in „Echtzeit“, wie z.B. Teilnahme an Community- Calls). Darüber hinaus organisierten wir am Ende des Umsetzungsprogramms einen Workshop mit ausgewählten Teams, bei dem wir gemeinsam die Innovationsreise der einzelnen Projekte reflek¬tierten. Unsere Analysen basieren auf den empirischen Daten, die wir im Zeitraum eines knappen Jahres – von März 2020 bis Februar 2021 – sammeln konnten. Unsere Analysemethoden und -werkzeuge, sowie die Modelle, die wir anwenden und entwickeln, sind inspiriert von zahlreichen Vor¬denker*innen (s. Literaturliste). Die ersten Ergebnisse aus dieser Forschungsphase sind der vorliegende Learning Report und der bereits veröffentlichte Policy Brief. Diese Ergebnisse ergänzen die Abschlussberichte der Organisa¬tor*innen. Das Forschungsprojekt wird vom Bundeskanzleramt befürwortet und dieser Teil wird von der Vodafone Stiftung gefördert. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-37823 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-3782 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Lührsen, René A1 - Thäter, Laura T1 - UpdateDeutschland: Open Social Innovation weiterdenken und lernen - Learning Report N2 - Der vorliegende Learning Report ist Ergebnis des Begleitforschungsprojekts zum Open Social Innovation Format UpdateDeutschland. Ziel ist es, alle Interessierten mit Konzepten, Sprache und Erkenntnissen auszustatten, um Open Social Innovation besser zu verstehen und gemeinsam weiterzuentwickeln. Der Learning Report bietet einen Überblick über UpdateDeutschland und erklärt anhand von UpdateDeutschland den Open Social Innovation Prozess; analysiert Daten rund um Herausforderungen, Teilhabe und Aktivität, um das Verständnis der Open Social Innovation Methode bei UpdateDeutschland zu vertiefen; zeigt vier verschiedene Pfade auf, die versinnbildlichen, wie bei UpdateDeutschland Wirkung entstanden ist; beleuchtet welchen breiteren Nutzen und welche Herausforderungen sich für Verwaltungen im Laufe des Prozesses ergaben; beschäftigt sich mit vier zentralen organisatorischen Herausforderungen; und bietet eine kritische Reflexion über Open Social Innovation und zeigt das transformative Potential auf. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-42049 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4204 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Lührsen, René A1 - Thäter, Laura T1 - Orchestrating distributed data governance in open social innovation JF - Information and Organization N2 - Open Social Innovation (OSI) involves the collaboration of multiple stakeholders to generate ideas, and develop and scale solutions to make progress on societal challenges. In an OSI project, stakeholders share data and information, utilize it to better understand a problem, and combine data with digital technologies to create digitally-enabled solutions. Consequently, data governance is essential for orchestrating an OSI project to facilitate the coordination of innovation. Because OSI brings multiple stakeholders together, and each stakeholder participates voluntarily, data governance in OSI has a distributed nature. In this essay we put forward a framework consisting of three dimensions allowing an inquiry into the effectiveness of such distributed data governance: (1) openness (i.e., freely sharing data and information), (2) accountability (i.e., willingness to be held responsible and provide justifications for one's conduct) and (3) power (i.e., resourceful actors' ability to impact other stakeholder's actions). We apply this framework to reflect on the OSI project #WirVsVirus (“We versus virus” in English), to illustrate the challenges in organizing effective distributed data governance, and derive implications for research and practice. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100453 SN - 1471-7727 VL - 33 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jakob Sadeh, Linda A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Reinforcing Political Inequality Through Diversity Initiatives: A Field-Level Perspective JF - Journal of Management N2 - Although diversity initiatives are considered prominent vessels for addressing inequality and despite massive investments in them, inequality inside organizations persists. Assessments of diversity initiatives often center on economic inequality and view organizations as closed systems to explain why they fail. Building on a 19-month field-level ethnography of the diversity field in Israel targeting Palestinian employment, we examine political inequality and show how it is perpetuated even as economic inequality is dealt with. Our findings reveal that the field is complicit in creating a chasm between the economic and political spheres by positioning diversity initiatives as a means to tackle economic inequality. The field’s infrastructure and dominant discourse reinforce this chasm and thereby make political inequality invisible, generating false consciousness. Our study challenges the preoccupation of diversity scholarship with universal best practices, suggests avenues for assessing and managing diversity initiatives while taking stock of political inequality, and directs future research to delve into the relationship between the economic and the political in organizations and our societies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063231163579 SN - 0149-2063 N1 - Open Access publication is funded by the Hertie School Library ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünder, Tobias A1 - Rathert, Nikolas A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Sustaining the Integration of Social Objectives Over Time: A Case-Based Analysis of Access to Medicine in the Pharmaceutical Industry JF - Business & Society N2 - Companies increasingly seek to strategically integrate social objectives in commercial activities to address societal challenges, yet little is known about how companies can sustain such a commitment over time. To address this question, we conduct a case-based, abductive study of two pharmaceutical companies widely considered industry leaders in facilitating access to medicine over a 20-year period (2000–2019). We identify product and operation-level integration as distinct types of integration efforts enacted by these companies. Tracing the intraorganizational dynamics associated with these efforts, we theorize that sustained integration is contingent on companies’ ability to respond to and address the challenges specific to product and operation-level integration. The theoretical framework we develop contributes to an emerging debate on the potential of companies to make progress on societal challenges by strategically integrating social objectives, including but not limited to those related to global health. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503231182667 N1 - Open Access publication is funded by the Hertie School Library ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bünder, Tobias A1 - Rathert, Nikolas A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - George, Gerard ED - Haas, Martine ED - Joshi, Havovi ED - McGahan, Anita ED - Tracey, Paul T1 - Understanding firm- and field-level change toward sustainable development: insights from the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines, 1960‒2020 T2 - Handbook on the Business of Sustainability N2 - Insufficient access to medicines is a persistent global problem that affects billions of people in low- and middle-income countries. In this chapter, we use access to medicines as a case to understand how business can become instrumental in making progress on persistent and global problems we associate with sustainable development. We examine the emergence and evolution of access to medicines as a mandate for the pharmaceutical industry to contribute to sustainable development. More specifically, we trace the historical developments of corporate social initiatives in the industry and revisit existing research on access to medicines in management and related fields. We then introduce three distinct analytical perspectives - field emergence and change, firm heterogeneity, organizational processes - to examine access to medicine, expose managerial challenges and offer a research agenda that helps to advance research on access to medicines and, more generally, on corporate efforts to address pressing global problems subsumed under the Sustainable Development Goals. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781839105333 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839105340.00025 SP - 300 EP - 319 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Traeger, Charlotte T1 - The future of grand challenges research: Retiring a hopeful concept and endorsing research principles JF - International Journal of Management Reviews N2 - Editorial notes in leading management journals have urged scholars to address Grand Challenges (GC) as an opportunity for producing knowledge that matters for society. This review explores whether current conceptualizations of GC support a productive path for management and organizational scholarship by guiding empirical inquiry, facilitating cumulative theory development, and informing practice. We systematically examine scholarly articles, calls for papers, and editorial notes published in management journals for consistency in how researchers use and define the concept of GC and the scope of associated phenomena and attributes. We find three prominent conceptual architectures in use: discursive, family resemblance, and phenomenon driven. The variety and incoherence of current uses of the GC concept and the lack of efforts to improve its analytical competence lead us to suggest its retirement. Instead, we propose building on the enthusiasm around GC research and using GC as a term to define research principles that collectively help align research efforts and improve theoretical development and practice. The principles we propose capture a genuine origin story for management research on GC. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12324 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 251 EP - 269 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Thäter, Laura A1 - Lührsen, René T1 - Pathways and mechanisms for catalyzing social impact through Orchestration: Insights from an open social innovation project JF - Journal of Business Venturing Insights N2 - Within the entrepreneurship literature, there is a growing interest in understanding collective entrepreneurial approaches to tackling societal challenges. In this study, we examine the orchestration of collective action in an open social innovation project bringing together public administrations, citizens and organized civil society to collaboratively address several societal challenges. Analyzing data generated in-situ and in real-time over the entire duration of the project we show how social impact orchestration can generate impact through four pathways: lead user focus, solution focus, problem focus, and ecosystem focus. For each pathway, we show how orchestration enhanced the impact potential of stakeholders involved by enabling learning and scaling. Our study contributes to the literature on impact entrepreneurship and advances knowledge on orchestrating innovation for social impact. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2022.e00366 VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Claassen, Casper Hendrik A1 - Choi, Jung Eun A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Forging a Local Social Economy: On the Institutional Work of Local Governments in South Korea JF - Public Performance & Management Review N2 - This study investigates the strategies local governments can employ to stimulate the growth of the local social economy sector—a sector associated with improving residents’ subjective well-being. Acknowledging the under-explored but potentially pivotal role of local government as a catalyst, our research uses an institutionalist lens—focusing on institutional work, support, and public-sector entrepreneurship—to examine how local governments can encourage the establishment of social economy organizations. We adopt a Partial Least Squares Model-Structural Equation Modeling approach to analyze data from 69 South Korean urban metropolitan local governments between 2018 and 2020. Our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between the regulatory, administrative, and intermediary support mechanisms implemented by local governments and the scale of the local social economy. By integrating public-sector entrepreneurship with institutional perspectives, our findings enrich existing literature and provide insight into the strategic initiatives local governments can adopt to foster social entrepreneurship. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2023.2243467 SN - 1530-9576 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Özcelik, Melisa T1 - Political innovation: Prevention is better than cure JF - Alliance Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.alliancemagazine.org/feature/political-innovation-prevention-is-better-than-cure/ VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 54 EP - 56 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Open social innovation: taking stock and moving forward JF - Industry and Innovation N2 - Open forms of organising innovation bear great potential to address societal challenges, such as the climate crisis. Existing approaches to open social innovation (OSI) draw on a corporate and organisation- centric open innovation model as a blueprint for addressing social and ecological problems. However, such problems are ‘wicked’ and ‘com-plex’ in nature and thus require concerted efforts from a diverse set of stakeholders, including businesses, government agencies, non-profits and communities. Based on a review of the open-, user- and social- innovation literature, this essay traces the evolution from an organisa-tion-centric view (OSI 1.0) to a multi-stakeholder, cross- sectoral perspective (OSI 2.0). More specifically, we understand OSI as a concerted effort undertaken by multiple stakeholders from various sectors throughout the social innovation process, from diagnosing societal challenges, to developing ideas for how to solve problems, creating solutions, effectively scaling solutions and generating impact. We sharpen the terminology for OSI 2.0 and specify design dimensions for the effective orchestration of collaboration and coordination, and outline key areas for future research. Our objective is to foster dialogue between open- and user-innovation and social-innovation research. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2023.2271863 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 130 EP - 157 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Angelini, Antonella A1 - Zena, Al-Esia A1 - Yorgancioglu, Ayse A1 - Bartley, Tim A1 - Bernaz, Nadia A1 - Bianchini, Flaviano A1 - Biro, Flora Panna A1 - Bruder, Ignas A1 - Cavara, Rachele A1 - Cezarino, Luciana Oranges A1 - Crane, Andrew A1 - Giuliani, Elisa A1 - Gustafsson, Maria-Therese A1 - Tamara, Horbachevska A1 - Iatridis, Kostas A1 - Macchi, Chiara A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Moretti, Anna A1 - Murray, John A1 - Nieri, Federica A1 - Pavlovic, Andjela A1 - Rullani, Francesco A1 - Uvarova, Olena A1 - Zirpoli, Francesco T1 - Rebalancing disruptive business of multinational corporations and global value chains within democratic and inclusive citizenship processes N2 - The purpose of this working paper is to conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature that explores the relationship between business organizations and democracy. This review draws from various fields, including management, business ethics, sociology, international law, and other relevant disciplines for this Project and has several objectives. Firstly, it aims to provide insight into prior research on how democratic institutions regulate economic actors and how these actors, particularly large multinational corporations (MNCs), resist such regulation. Additionally, it examines how these economic actors develop behaviors and economic models that pose challenges to democratic governance, such as business-related human rights violations. In the initial part of the review, we delve into the historical and contemporary aspects of the relationship between business and democracy. Furthermore, the report explores how companies can contribute to shaping a more democratic future by addressing gaps in governance, especially in cases where populist governments fail to protect the rights of their citizens. It also considers the development of alternative business models, such as social enterprises and cross-sector partnerships. Moreover, it looks into how businesses can actively engage in democratic governance and promote principles of participation. The final section of the working paper involves a bibliometric analysis, including co authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence maps. This analysis is based on key references used by team members in their literature reviews and is designed to examine the connections that exist among various strands of research that support the research questions of the Rebalance Project. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4569268 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas T1 - The Political Side of Social Enterprises: A Phenomenon-Based Study of Sociocultural and Policy Advocacy JF - Journal of Management Studies N2 - This study explores the often-overlooked political dimension of social enterprises, particularly their advocacy activities aimed at influencing public policy, legislation, norms, attitudes, and behaviour. While traditional management research has focused on commercial activity and the beneficiary-oriented aspects of social enterprises, this paper considers their upstream political activity. Using a phenomenon-based approach, we analyse original survey data from 718 social enterprises across seven countries and six problem domains to identify factors associated with their engagement in advocacy. Our findings reveal that public spending and competition in social enterprises’ problem domains, as well as their governance choices – legal form, sources of income, and collaborations – are significantly associated with advocacy activities. We propose a new theoretical framework to understand these dynamics, positioning social enterprises as key players in markets for public purpose. This research underscores the importance of recognizing the political activities of social enterprises and offers new insights for studying hybrid organizing and organizations that address complex societal challenges. By highlighting the integral role of advocacy, our study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how social enterprises drive social change, not only through direct service provision but also by shaping the broader sociopolitical environment. KW - advocacy, social enterprises, phenomenon-based inquiry, hybridity, social problems Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.13134 N1 - Open Access publication is funded by the Hertie School Library. ER -