TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Walawender, Maria A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Moskeland, Annalyse A1 - Palmeiro-Silva, Yasna A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Smallcombe, James W A1 - Abdullah, Sabah A1 - Ades, Melanie A1 - Al-Maruf, Abdullah A1 - Ameli, Nadia A1 - Angelova, Denitsa A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Ballester, Joan A1 - Basagaña, Xavier A1 - Bechara, Hannah A1 - Beggs, Paul J A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Charnley, Gina E C A1 - Courtenay, Orin A1 - Cross, Troy J A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Eckelman, Matthew A1 - Freyberg, Chris A1 - Garcia Corral, Paulina A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Giguere, Joseph A1 - Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana A1 - Gumy, Sophie A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Heidecke, Julian A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Pantera, Dafni Kalatzi A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Koubi, Vally A1 - Kouznetsov, Rostislav A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Li, Bo A1 - Linke, Andrew A1 - Liu, Yang A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - Ma, Siqi A1 - Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe A1 - Maia, Carla A1 - Markandya, Anil A1 - Martin, Greta A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Momen, Natalie C A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrisey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - Orgen, Papa A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia L A1 - Pega, Frank A1 - Pershing, Andrew J A1 - Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina A1 - Ponmattam, Jamie A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Repke, Tim A1 - Roa, Jorge A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Rojas-Rueda, David A1 - Ruiz-Cabrejos, Jorge A1 - Rusticucci, Matilde A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - San José Plana, Adrià A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Singh, Pratik A1 - Sjödin, Henrik A1 - Smith, Matthew R A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Sorensen, Cecilia A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stowell, Jennifer D A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Tartarini, Federico A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Treskova, Marina A1 - Trinanes, Joaquin A A1 - Uppstu, Andreas A1 - Valdes-Ortega, Nicolas A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Watts, Nick A1 - Whitcombe, Hannah A1 - Wood, Richard A1 - Yang, Pu A1 - Zhang, Ying A1 - Zhang, Shaohui A1 - Zhang, Chi A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Zhu, Qiao A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1 VL - 406 IS - 10521 SP - 2804 EP - 2857 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Di Napoli, Claudia A1 - Drummond, Paul A1 - Green, Carole A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Arnell, Nigel A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Berrang Ford, Lea A1 - Belesova, Kristine A1 - Bowen, Kathryn A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Chambers, Jonathan A1 - Daalen, Kim R van A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Dominguez-Salas, Paula A1 - Dubrow, Robert A1 - Ebi, Kristie L A1 - Eckelman, Matthew A1 - Ekins, Paul A1 - Escobar, Luis E A1 - Georgeson, Lucien A1 - Graham, Hilary A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jamart, Louis A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kjellstrom, Tord A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Lott, Melissa A1 - Lotto Batista, Martin A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - MacGuire, Frances A1 - Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McGushin, Alice A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan C A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Neville, Tara A1 - Nilsson, Maria A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - O'Hare, Megan B A1 - Oreszczyn, Tadj A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth J Z A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shi, Liuhua A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Silbert, Grant A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stowell, Jennifer A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Triñanes, Joaquin A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Wilkinson, Paul A1 - Winning, Matthew A1 - Yglesias-González, Marisol A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9 VL - 400 IS - 10363 SP - 1619 EP - 1654 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bean, Andrew M. A1 - Kearns, Ryan Othniel A1 - Romanou, Angelika A1 - Hafner, Franziska Sofia A1 - Mayne, Harry A1 - Batzner, Jan A1 - Foroutan, Negar A1 - Schmitz, Chris A1 - Korgul, Karolina A1 - Batra, Hunar A1 - Deb, Oishi A1 - Beharry, Emma A1 - Emde, Cornelius A1 - Foster, Thomas A1 - Gausen, Anna A1 - Grandury, María A1 - Han, Simeng A1 - Hofmann, Valentin A1 - Ibrahim, Lujain A1 - Kim, Hazel A1 - Kirk, Hannah Rose A1 - Lin, Fangru A1 - Liu, Gabrielle Kaili-May A1 - Luettgau, Lennart A1 - Magomere, Jabez A1 - Rystrøm, Jonathan A1 - Sotnikova, Anna A1 - Yang, Yushi A1 - Zhao, Yilun A1 - Bibi, Adel A1 - Bosselut, Antoine A1 - Clark, Ronald A1 - Cohan, Arman A1 - Foerster, Jakob A1 - Gal, Yarin A1 - Hale, Scott A. A1 - Raji, Inioluwa Deborah A1 - Summerfield, Christopher A1 - Torr, Philip H. S. A1 - Ududec, Cozmin A1 - Rocher, Luc A1 - Mahdi, Adam T1 - Measuring what Matters: Construct Validity in Large Language Model Benchmarks N2 - Evaluating large language models (LLMs) is crucial for both assessing their capabilities and identifying safety or robustness issues prior to deployment. Reliably measuring abstract and complex phenomena such as ‘safety’ and ‘robustness’ requires strong construct validity, that is, having measures that represent what matters to the phenomenon. With a team of 29 expert reviewers, we conduct a systematic review of 445 LLM benchmarks from leading conferences in natural language processing and machine learning. Across the reviewed articles, we find patterns related to the measured phenomena, tasks, and scoring metrics which undermine the validity of the resulting claims. To address these shortcomings, we provide eight key recommendations and detailed actionable guidance to researchers and practitioners in developing LLM benchmarks. Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.04703 PB - arXiv ER -