TY - JOUR A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Lagunes, Paul A1 - Levin, Brian M. T1 - Documenting the Undocumented: A Review of the United States' First Municipal ID Program JF - Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy N2 - The City of New Haven, CT, sought to promote the assimilation of its immigrants by becoming the first American city to provide a government-backed ID, the Elm City Resident Card, to all residents. This article tests the policy's effectiveness in commerce. We find that Hispanics/Latinos are asked to present an ID more than Whites/Anglos, showing that the former are in greater need of documentation, regardless of their citizenship status. When a Hispanic/Latino presented the Elm City Resident Card to a cashier, it fared only as well as an unofficial ID. Thus, we conclude that the card has negligible utility as a form of documentation. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TX3MQS VL - 24 SP - 43 EP - 62 ER -