TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - In Search of the Nonprofit Sector I: The Question of Definitions JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - In this paper we argue that the lack of attention to the third sector historically is primarily a result of the weakness and limitations of the concepts that are used to define and describe it. The purpose of this article is to remedy this situation by developing a general definition of the sector that can be used in comparative research. To do so, the article first identifies four alternative types of definitions that are potentially available and evaluates each in terms of three basic criteria. On this basis it concludes that the most useful definition is the ‘structural/operational’ one, which includes in the non-profit sector organisations that share five basic characteristics. These are: formal, private, non-profit-distributing, self-governing and voluntary. The basic definition is then tested against the realities of three disparate countries and found to perform quite well. On this basis we recommend the structural/operational definition, particularly for comparative, crossnational research. Y1 - 1992 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397770 SN - 0957-8765 N1 - Auch erschienen als / Also published as: Salamon, Lester M. and Helmut K. Anheier: In Search of the Nonprofit Sector I: The Question of Definitions. Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, 1992 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 151 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - In Search of the Nonprofit Sector II: The Problem of Classification JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Building on a previousVoluntas article (Salamon and Anheier, 1992b), which formulated a systematic approach to defining the non-profit sector for purposes of comparative research, this article takes on the complementary task of formulating a classification system that can be used to differentiate systematically the types of non-profit organisations that exist at the global level. To do so, the article first assesses a number of existing classification systems, such as the International Standard Industrial Classification and the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities. Finding these systems inadequate, the article then introduces an alternative system, which we term the International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations (ICNPO). The ICNPO classifies non-profit establishments into 12 major groups based on their primary economic activity, and then further sub-divides these into 24 sub-groups. The result is a system that scores high in terms of five key evaluation criteria: economy, significance, rigour, organising power, and richness. What is more, initial tests of the ICNPO in a set of countries show that it performs well in coming to terms with the diverse types of non-profit institutions that exist around the world. Y1 - 1992 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397460 SN - 0957-8765 N1 - Auch erschienen als / Also published as: Salamon, Lester M. and Helmut K. Anheier: Search of the Nonprofit Sector II: The Problem of Classification. Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 3. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, 1992 http://ccss.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2011/09/CNP_WP3_1993.pdf VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 267 EP - 309 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Il Settore non profit: una nuova forza globale T2 - Terzo settore, Stato e mercato nella trasformazione delle politiche sociali in Europa Y1 - 1997 SN - 9788846404725 N1 - Ebenfalls erschienen in / Also published in: Bulgarian Sociological Review, 3-28, 19(1-2), 1994 SP - 296 EP - 312 PB - Francoangeli CY - Milano ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Knapp, Martin A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Pas de chiffres, pas de politique: est-ce qu'Eurostat peut mesurer le secteur sans but lucratif? JF - Recma: Revue internationale de l'économie sociale Y1 - 1993 SN - 2261-2599 SN - 1626-1682 VL - 46 IS - 248 SP - 87 EP - 96 PB - Association Recma CY - Paris ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Emerging Sector: An Overview Y1 - 1994 PB - Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies CY - Baltimore ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Third Route: Subsidiarity, Third-Party Government and the Provision of Social Services T2 - (Innovation and Employment Study Series Occasional Paper) Y1 - 1994 PB - OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development CY - Paris ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Caring Sector or Caring Society: Discovering the Nonprofit Sector Cross-Nationally T2 - (Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, No. 17) Y1 - 1994 SN - http://www.adm-cf.com/jhu/pdfs/CNP_Working_Papers/CNP_WP17.pdf PB - Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies CY - Baltimore ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Toward an International Understanding of the Nonprofit Sector T2 - (Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 1) Y1 - 1992 PB - The Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies CY - Baltimore ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - In Search of the Nonprofit Sector I: The Question of Definitions T2 - (Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 2) Y1 - 1992 PB - The Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies CY - Baltimore ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - In Search of the Nonprofit Sector II: The Problem of Classification T2 - (Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 3) Y1 - 1992 UR - http://www.adm-cf.com/jhu/pdfs/CNP_Working_Papers/CNP_WP3.pdf PB - The Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies CY - Baltimore ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The emerging nonprofit sector : an overview N2 - Nonprofit organizations, which collectively make up the emerging sector, have an increasingly influential role in the economies and societies of countries throughout the world. This book, the product of comprehensive international research into the sector, offers an international overview of its scope, structure, financing and role. The authors provide a comparative summary of the findings of individual empirical analyses into the nonprofit sectors in 12 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Japan, Brazil, Ghana, Egypt, Thailand and India. They explore the global scale of the sector, its sources of revenue, and differences between the countries analyzed. They assess how well-equipped nonprofit organizations are to respond to the shift towards voluntarism and away from government in many societies, and they identify the key issues such organizations need to address in the future, such as coming to terms with globalization. Y1 - 1996 SN - 978-0719048722 PB - Manchester Univ. Press CY - Manchester [u.a.] ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Emerging Nonprofit Sector (Japanese Translation) Y1 - 1996 N1 - Sprache: Japanisch Language: Japanese PB - Diamond Publishers CY - Tokyo ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Salamon, Lester M. A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Szektor születik: A nonprofit szektor nemzetközi összehasonlításban Y1 - 1995 SN - 9638139013 N1 - Sprache: Ungarisch Language: Hungarian PB - Nonprofit Kutatocsoport CY - Budapest ER -