TY - RPRT A1 - OECD, A1 - Arlinghaus, Johanna A1 - Dressler, Luisa A1 - Flues, Florens A1 - Harding, Michelle A1 - Van Dender, Kurt T1 - Effective Carbon Rates: Pricing CO2 through Taxes and Emissions Trading Systems N2 - To tackle climate change, CO2 emissions need to be cut. Pricing carbon is one of the most effective and lowest-cost ways of inducing such cuts. This report presents the first full analysis of the use of carbon pricing on energy in 41 OECD and G20 economies, covering 80% of global energy use and of CO2 emissions. The analysis takes a comprehensive view of carbon prices, including specific taxes on energy use, carbon taxes and tradable emission permit prices. It shows the entire distribution of effective carbon rates by country and the composition of effective carbon rates by six economic sectors within each country. Carbon prices are seen to be often very low, but some countries price significant shares of their carbon emissions. The ‘carbon pricing gap’, a synthetic indicator showing the extent to which effective carbon rates fall short of pricing emissions at EUR 30 per tonne, the low-end estimate of the cost of carbon used in this study, sheds light on potential ways of strengthening carbon pricing. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264260115-en PB - OECD Publishing CY - Paris ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Flues, Florens A1 - Arlinghaus, Johanna A1 - Dressler, Luisa A1 - Dender, Kurt Van T1 - Effektive CO2-Sätze – Bepreisung von CO2 durch Steuern und Emissionshandel T2 - Die europäische Energiewende Y1 - 2017 SN - 9783110523072 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110525762-006 SP - 97 EP - 104 PB - De Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - Berlin, Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van Dender, Kurt A1 - Arlinghaus, Johanna A1 - Dressler, Luisa A1 - Flues, Florens A1 - Harding, Michelle T1 - Energy taxation and carbon pricing in the European Union and beyond JF - Revue européenne et internationale de droit fiscal Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.jurisquare.be/en/journal/riedf/index.html VL - 3 SP - 301 EP - 309 ER -