TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Krapf, Sandra T1 - Soziale Ungleichheit und Kinderbetreuung: Eine Analyse der sozialen und ökonomischen Determinanten der Nutzung von Kindertageseinrichtungen T2 - Bildung als Privileg: Erklärungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit Y1 - 2007 SN - ISBN 978-3-531-92484-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90339-2_4 SP - 99 EP - 123 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk A1 - Hornung, Anne T1 - Family diversity in France, the Russian Federation, and East and West Germany: overview on living arrangements and living conditions T2 - How generations and gender shape demographic change: towards policies based on better knowledge Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-92-1-117004-7 SP - 33 EP - 56 PB - United Nations CY - NewYork [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Wandel der Geburten- und Familienentwicklung in West- und Ostdeutschland T2 - Lehrbuch Moderne Familiensoziologie Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3825284091 SP - 121 EP - 137 PB - Budrich CY - Opladen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Mika, Tatjana ED - Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund, T1 - Erwerbstätigkeit und Fertilität: Analysen mit der Versicherungskontenstichprobe der deutschen Rentenversicherung T2 - Die Versicherungskontenstichprobe als Scientific Use File: Workshop des Forschungsdatenzentrums der Rentenversicherung (FDZ-RV) am 30. und 31. Oktober 2007 in Würzburg (DRV-Schriften, 79) N2 - Dieser Beitrag diskutiert, inwiefern die Versicherungskontenstichprobe der deutschen Rentenversicherung (VSKT) für Fertilitätsanalysen genutzt werden kann. Ausgangspunkt ist zunächst ein Vergleich der Kinderzahl in den VSKT-Daten mit Informationen aus der amtlichen Statistik. Abgesehen von den jüngeren Kohorten, Ausländerinnen und Personen mit ungeklärten Konten bilden die VSKT-Daten die Fertilitätsbiographien von Frauen relativ gut ab. Besonders geeignet ist der Datensatz für Längsschnittanalysen, die den Zusammenhang der weiblichen Erwerbssituation für Fertilitätsprozesse thematisieren. Die hohen Fallzahlen, der lange Analysezeitraum und die monatsgenauen Angaben zur Erwerbssituation stellen ein einmaliges Analysepotential für Fertilitätsanalysen dar, das wir in diesem Beitrag nur exemplarisch darstellen konnten. Y1 - 2008 UR - http://forschung.deutsche-rentenversicherung.de/FdzPortalWeb/FdzLitDispDetail.do?id=70 VL - 79 SP - 71 EP - 95 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Das zweite Kind in Ostdeutschland: Aufschub oder Verzicht? T2 - Die Bevölkerung in Ost- und Westdeutschland : demografische, gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen seit der Wende Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-3-8350-7022-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91832-7_5 SP - 100 EP - 123 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Barbara A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Uhlendorff, Arne T1 - Job Displacement and First Birth Over the Business Cycle JF - Demography N2 - In this article, we investigate the impact of job displacement on women’s first-birth rates as well as the variation in this effect over the business cycle. We use mass layoffs to estimate the causal effects of involuntary job loss on fertility in the short and medium term, up to five years after displacement. Our analysis is based on rich administrative data from Germany, with an observation period spanning more than 20 years. We apply inverse probability weighting (IPW) to flexibly control for the observed differences between women who were and were not displaced. To account for the differences in the composition of the women who were displaced in a downturn and the women who were displaced in an upswing, we use a double weighting estimator. Results show that the extent to which job displacement has adverse effects on fertility depends on the business cycle. The first-birth rates were much lower for women who were displaced in an economic downturn than for those who lost a job in an economic upturn. This result cannot be explained by changes in the observed characteristics of the displaced women over the business cycle. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23234 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0580-4 SN - 1533-7790 SN - 0070-3370 VL - 54 IS - 3 SP - 933 EP - 959 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Alltagsmobilität und Lebenslauf T2 - Wie die Zeit vergeht - Analysen zur Zeitverwendung in Deutschland N2 - Im Alltag stellt sich oftmals das Gefühl ein, dass die Zeit nur so fliegt. Zeit ist ein kostbares, da begrenztes Gut. Womit also verbringen die Menschen ihre kostbare Zeit? Und wie teilen sie sie auf? Dazu liefert die dritte Zeitverwendungserhebung 2012/2013, durchgeführt von den Statistischen Ämtern des Bundes und der Länder im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, umfangreiche Ergebnisse. Schwerpunkt der Analysen sind familien- und sozialpolitische Fragestellungen, wie zum Beispiel die Zeitverwendung von Frauen und Männern, die Arbeitsteilung in Familien oder die Zeit für Ehrenamt und Nachbarschaftshilfe. Viele Beiträge thematisieren das Spannungsfeld von Erwerbsarbeit, unbezahlter Arbeit und Freizeit. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23727 SP - 163 EP - 178 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Rembrandt A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Der registergestützte Zensus in Deutschland: Historische Einordnung und Bedeutung für die Bevölkerungswissenschaft JF - Comparative Population Studies N2 - Im Jahr 2011 führte Deutschland nach mehr als zwanzigjähriger Pause wieder einen Zensus durch. Die Vorgaben der Vereinten Nationen, nach der Länder mindestens alle zehn Jahre eine Volkszählung veranlassen sollten, waren längst überschritten und von Seiten der Bevölkerungswissenschaft wurde schon länger eine neue Zählung gefordert, um die Berechnung demografi scher Indikatoren wieder auf eine solide Basis stellen zu können. Mit dem Zensus 2011 kam Deutschland der Forderung einer aktuellen Zählung nach und beschritt zugleich mit einem registergestützten Zensus einen neuen Weg. Im Gegensatz zu den skandinavischen Ländern, die auf eine lange Tradition der Registerdatenanalysen und der Verknüpfung von Registerdaten zurückblicken können, stellte in Deutschland, wo die Zusamme nführung von Registern durch die gegebenen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen stark eingeschränkt ist, ein registergestützter Zensus ein ambitioniertes Projekt dar. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert nach einer historischen Einordnung die Bedeutung des Zensus 2011 für die Generierung zentraler demografi scher Daten. Insbesondere werden die fortgeschriebenen Ergebnisse des alten Zensus 1987 mit den Ergebnissen des Zensus 2011 verglichen, um mögliche systematische Fehlerquellen zu eruieren, welche die demografi schen Indikatoren und Analysen verzerren. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-23764 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2016-08de SN - 1869-8999 N1 - Available at: . Date accessed: 28 aug. 2017 VL - 41 (2016) SP - 3 EP - 34 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Un enfant ou un emploi ? Dilemme des Allemandes de l’Est et de l’Ouest JF - Travail, Genre et Sociétés N2 - In East Germany, childlessness was below 10 percent before reunification, while West Germany witnessed a steady and substantial increase in the proportion of childless women, with proportions reaching over 20 percent. This paper describes these divergent developments based on micro-census data. We examine the social policy contexts that shaped women’s work and family patterns before reunification. Moreover, we discuss more recent trends and policy reforms, in particular the expansion of childcare and the parental leave benefit reform of 2007. Although family and employment patterns have become similar in eastern and western Germany, distinct behavioral patterns have prevailed. Even today, childlessness is more common in western than in eastern Germany. Furthermore, East German women regularly work full-time, while maternal full-time employment is only gradually increasing in the western parts of Germany. T2 - Childlessness and women’s work trends in East and West Germany Y1 - 2017 UR - https://www.cairn-int.info/abstract-E_TGS_037_0053--childlessness-and-women-s-work-trends-in.htm U6 - https://doi.org/10.3917/tgs.037.0053 N1 - The English version of the document is available online at: https://www.cairn-int.info/abstract-E_TGS_037_0053--childlessness-and-women-s-work-trends-in.htm VL - 37 SP - 53 EP - 69 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köppen, Katja A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Trappe, Heike T1 - Loose Ties? Determinants of Father-Child Contact after Separation in Germany JF - Journal of Marriage and Family N2 - Objective: This paper examines the determinants of father-child contact in Germany after divorce and separation, with a special emphasis on the role of legal child support. Background: The contact separated fathers have with their children is a policy-relevant issue that has been intensively addressed in previous research for the US, the UK, and Canada. For continental Europe, there has been far less research on this topic. This paper investigated how fathers’ union status at childbirth, custody arrangements, and past and present partnership dynamics affect the level of contact they had with their first-born child from a prior union. Method: Data were used from wave 2 (2009/10) to wave 8 (2015/16) of the German family panel pairfam (www.pairfam.de). With a final sample size of 285 fathers, population average logistic models were estimated that examined non-resident fathers’ probability of having frequent contact versus having little or no contact with their first-born children. Results: Whether a non-resident father shared legal custody with the mother or not was a decisive factor in whether he had regular contact with his minor child, particularly if he was not living with the mother of the child at the time of delivery. There were strong interaction effects between having joint legal custody and the time since the parental separation. Joint legal custody did not have an immediate impact on father-child contact around the time of separation, but as time elapsed, men without joint legal custody were more likely to lose contact with their children than men with joint legal custody. Conclusion: Joint legal custody may provide an institutional arrangement for separated parents to exercise their responsibility for the well-being of their children and thus be conducive to regular father-child contact. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25407 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12504 N1 - "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Katja Köppen, Michaela Kreyenfeld, Heike Trappe: Loose Ties? Determinants of Father-Child Contact after Separation in Germany, in Journal of Marriage and Family, 2018, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12504. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions." SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geisler, Esther A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Policy reform and fathers’ use of parental leave in Germany: The role of education and workplace characteristics JF - Journal of European Social Policy N2 - The introduction of the parental leave benefit scheme in 2007 is widely regarded as a landmark reform that has shifted the German welfare state toward a model that is more supportive to the compatibility of work and family life. In this paper, we investigate whether and how this reform has affected men’s use of parental leave based on data from the German microcensus 1999-2012. We find that parental leave usage has increased across all educational levels, but the shift has been strongest for university-educated fathers. Public sector employment is beneficial for men’s uptake of leave, while self-employment and temporary work lowers fathers’ chances of taking leave. The parental leave reform has not affected these associations much. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25411 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928718765638 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in: Journal of European Social Policy. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928718765638 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bremhorst, Vincent A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Lambert, Philippe T1 - Nonparametric double additive cure survival models: An application to the estimation of the non-linear effect of age at first parenthood on fertility progression JF - Statistical Modelling N2 - This article introduces double additive models to describe the effect of continuous covariates in cure survival models, thereby relaxing the traditional linearity assumption in the two regression parts. This class of models extends the classical event history models when an unknown proportion of the population under study will never experience the event of interest. They are used on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to examine how age at first birth relates to the timing and quantum of fertility for given education levels of the respondents. It is shown that the conditional probability of having further children decreases with the mother's age at first birth. While the effect of age at first birth in the third birth's probability model is fairly linear, this is not the case for the second child with an accelerating decline detected for women that had their first kid beyond age 30. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25438 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1471082X18784685 N1 - First published 2018. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in: Statistical Modelling. The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1177/1471082X18784685 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 275 EP - 28 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radenacker, Anke A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Das Erwerbsverhalten von Geschiedenen in Westdeutschland JF - Neue Zeitschrift für Familienrecht N2 - In diesem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung der Unterhaltsreform 2008 vor dem Hintergrund des sich wandelnden Scheidungs- und Erwerbsverhaltens in Westdeutschland diskutiert. Die Gesetzesreform war von der Vorstellung geleitet, dass sich mit dem Ausbau der Kinderbetreuung sukzessive die Erwerbsverläufe von Männern und Frauen angleichen würden, sodass nach einer Scheidung, stärker als zuvor, eine ökonomische Eigenständigkeit beider Partner eingefordert werden könnte. Zudem basierte die Unterhaltsrechtsreform auf der Vorstellung, dass kinderlose Ehen und solche von kurzer Dauer, für die eine nacheheliche Solidarität nicht in gleicher Weise bedeutsam ist wie für langjährige Ehen, im Zeitverlauf zugenommen haben. Auswertungen der amtlichen Scheidungsdaten zeigen jedoch, dass der Anteil der Scheidungen, in denen minderjährige Kinder involviert sind, konstant geblieben und die Scheidungsintensität von Ehen mit langer Dauer in den letzten Jahren angestiegen ist. Vertiefend werden in diesem Beitrag Daten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung präsentiert, die die Erwerbstätigenquoten und das Einkommen von Geschiedenen sowohl im Scheidungsverlauf als auch im Zeitverlauf abbilden. Die Erwerbstätigenquoten von Frauen steigen demnach nach Scheidung deutlich an. Im Vergleich zu Männern erzielen geschiedene Frauen nach wie vor jedoch ein deutlich niedrigeres Erwerbseinkommen. Y1 - 2018 VL - 8/2018 SP - 337 EP - 384 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Geisler, Esther A1 - Castro Martín, Teresa A1 - Hannemann, Tina A1 - Heintz-Martin, Valerie A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kulu, Hill A1 - Meggiolaro, Silvia A1 - Mortelmans, Dimitri A1 - Pasteels, Inge A1 - Seiz, Marta A1 - Solaz, Anne T1 - Social policies, separation, and second birth spacing in Western Europe JF - Demographic Research N2 - OBJECTIVE This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether,and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries. METHODS This analysis makes use of rich survey data from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,Spain, and the United Kingdom, as well as from Finnish register data. We thus cover the behavior of a large proportion of the population of Western Europe. We also use descriptive measures, such as Kaplan‒Meier survival functions and cumulative incidence curves. In the multivariate analysis, we employ event history modeling to show how education relates to postseparation fertility behavior. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-24944 UR - https://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol37/37/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.37 VL - 37 SP - 1245 EP - 1274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Von der alternativen zur prekären Familienform? Der Wandel des Zusammenhangs von Bildung und nichtehelichen Familienformen in Deutschland. JF - Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie N2 - This paper examines the association of education and family forms based on data of the German microcensus 1996–2012. The investigation shows that highly educated women in western Germany had a higher probability of living in a nonmarital instead of a marital union. With an increase in the share of nonmarital births, the association has reversed. Likewise, the highly educated couples were initially the vanguards of living in nonmarital unions with children, but they are nowadays the least likely to do so. Patterns differ between eastern and western Germany, though. N2 - Der Beitrag untersucht den Zusammenhang von Bildung und Familienform auf Basis des deutschen Mikrozensus 1996–2012. Es zeigt sich, dass sich in Westdeutschland eine positive Beziehung zwischen Bildungsniveau und nichtehelichem Zusammenleben mit zunehmender Verbreitung dieser Lebensform umgekehrt hat. Es wird zudem deutlich, dass im Westen Deutschlands bildungshomogene Paare am oberen Ende der Bildungsskala die Pioniere der Verbreitung nichtehelicher Lebensgemeinschaften mit Kindern waren. In Ostdeutschland zeigen sich andere Muster als in Westdeutschland. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-25040 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/sjs-2017-0030 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie. The final authenticated version is available online at: DOI:10.1515/sjs-2017-0030 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 611 EP - 637 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Erlinghagen, Marcel A1 - Hank, Karsten A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Innovation und Wissenstransfer in der empirischen Sozial- und Verhaltensforschung N2 - Gert G. Wagner ist als Sozial- und Wirtschaftsforscher über disziplinäre Grenzen gegangen. Als engagierter Politikberater und innovativer Wissenschaftsmanager hat er immer wieder sozial- und wissenschaftspolitische Debatten angestoßen und begleitet. Kollegen und Weggefährten liefern mit ihren Beiträgen zu diesem Band eine Bestandsaufnahme der empirisch- quantitativen Forschung, die Gert G. Wagner seit Anfang der 1980er-Jahre wesentlich geprägt hat. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/soziologie/innovation_und_wissenstransfer_in_der_empirischen_sozial_und_verhaltensforschung-14877.html N1 - ISBN: 9783593508672 PB - Campus CY - Frankfurt, New York ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Esther, Geisler A1 - Köppen, Katja A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Trappe, Heike A1 - Pollmann-Schult, Matthias T1 - Familien nach Trennung und Scheidung in Deutschland N2 - Trennungen und Scheidungen auf einem hohen Niveau – auch unter Familien mit minderjährigen Kindern – kennzeichnen bereits seit längerer Zeit die Familienentwicklung in Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern. Sofern aus einer Beziehung gemeinsame Kinder hervorgegangen sind, impliziert eine Trennung zwar das Ende der Partnerschaft, jedoch nicht das Ende der Elternschaft. Sowohl auf gesellschaftlicher als auch auf individueller Ebene besteht, mit Ausnahme von Sondersituationen, mittlerweile die explizite Erwartung, dass Eltern nach einer Trennung in ökonomischer und sozialer Hinsicht weiterhin gemeinsam Verantwortung für ihre Kinder wahrnehmen. In der gesetzlichen Grundlage wird allerdings weiterhin davon ausgegangen, dass Kinder nach der Trennung bei nur einem Elternteil leben. Für andere Modelle existieren bisher keine oder nur unzureichende Regelungen. Die ökonomischen, sozialen und psychischen Folgen einer Trennung oder Scheidung können nach Geschlecht, sozialer Position und Alter variieren und damit soziale Ungleichheit hervorrufen oder verstärken. Neue Partnerschaften bzw. sogenannte Fortsetzungsfamilien beeinflussen das Leben der betroffenen Erwachsenen und Kinder zusätzlich. Bislang existieren über die Verbreitung und Lebensumstände von Nachtrennungsfamilien in Deutschland nur rudimentäre sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde. Die vorliegende Broschüre stellt einen ersten Versuch dar, bislang vorliegende sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde zur Lebenswirklichkeit von Nachtrennungsfamilien in Deutschland allgemeinverständlich in knapper Form zu bilanzieren. Folgende thematische Schwerpunkte werden behandelt: 1) Allgemeine Trends und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, 2) Elternschaft und Partnerschaft nach Trennung und Scheidung, 3) Wohlbefinden und Lebenszufriedenheit nach Trennung und Scheidung sowie 4) Finanzielle Folgen von Trennung und Scheidung. Diese Aspekte werden aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven beleuchtet und zugrundeliegende empirische Analysen decken ein breites Spektrum der derzeit verfügbaren Datenquellen ab. KW - Familie KW - Scheidung KW - Sozialwissenschaftliche Erhebung KW - Trennung Y1 - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-24936 SN - 978-3-00-058996-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.24352/UB.OVGU-2018-096 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Hank, Karsten T1 - Social Demography - Forschung an der Schnittstelle von Soziologie und Demographie T2 - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie N2 - Das Buch versammelt einschlägige Beiträge im Bereich „Social Demography“, der Schnittstelle von soziologischer und demographischer Forschung. In den Einzelbeiträgen wird die Bedeutung klassischer soziologischer Konzepte, wie des Lebenslaufs, des Generationenzusammenhangs und der sozialen Ungleichheit für demographische Prozesse, vor allem der Fertilität, der Migration und der Mortalität herausgearbeitet. Darüber hinaus beinhaltet der Band aktuelle Studien im Bereich soziobiologischer Forschung wie auch zur gesamtgesellschaftlichen Bedeutung demographischer Entwicklungen für moderne Wohlfahrtsstaaten. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-658-11490-9 VL - 55 IS - 55 PB - VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Pötzsch, Olga A1 - Kubisch, Karolin ED - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - The Human Fertility Database Documentation: Germany Y1 - 2016 UR - http://www.humanfertility.org/Docs/DEUTNP/DEUTNPcom.pdf PB - humanfertility.org ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Krapf, Sandra T1 - Fertility assessment with the Own-Children Method: a validation with data from the German Mikrozensus T2 - MPIDR Technical Report TR-2015-003 N2 - The German Mikrozensus is a data set that is frequently used to study fertility behavior. With its large sample size, the dataset also offers the opportunity to investigate childbearing among population subgroups, such as particular migrant groups. Because birth histories are not surveyed in the Mikrozensus, scholars have frequently employed the Own-Children Method (OCM) to generate fertility schedules from this data. The OCM draws on information on the number and ages of the co-residential children in order to estimate the fertility schedule of women. It is clear that this method leads to an underestimation of fertility, because children do not necessarily live with their biological mother. It is also clear that the bias is stronger for older women, because children may have left parental home. In the past, it was not possible to assess the bias. With the Mikrozensus 2008, we are able to validate the OCM by relying on respondent’s own report on the total number of children. We furthermore examine whether the OCM leads to worse estimates for migrants and non-migrants. The results show that the OCM provides reasonable fertility estimates for women in western Germany up to age 40, irrespective of migrant background. For eastern Germany, there is a stronger bias at later ages than in western Germany. This relates to the early age at childbirth in this region and the more diverse family structures. KW - Germany, fertility, migration, own children data Y1 - 2015 N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/technicalreports/tr-2015-003.pdf PB - Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research CY - Rostock ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Hensel, Tom A1 - Walke, Rainer T1 - Guidelines for linking contextual factors and survey data: an application with data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) T2 - MPIDR Technical Report TR-2015-005 N2 - Geo-coded survey data are a prerequisite for any analysis that examines the impact of contextual factors on individual-level outcomes. The local unit may be districts, municipalities, or blocks of houses. However, regional identifiers are sensitive information and including them in a scientific-use-file of a survey may violate data protection regulations. This Technical Report demonstrates how analyses with geo-coded data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) may be conducted. The procedure that we suggest has been tailored for pairfam, but it is applicable to other data sets as well. KW - Data Processing KW - Data Privacy KW - Geo-Coded Data KW - Information Privacy Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/technicalreports/tr-2015-005.pdf N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.demogr.mpg.de/papers/technicalreports/tr-2015-005.pdf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Krapf, Sandra A1 - Wolf, Katharina T1 - Gendered Authorship and Demographic Research – An Analysis of 50 Years of Demography JF - Demography N2 - Demography, the official journal of the Population Association of America, has been given the highest rating among demographic journals by the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Our aim here is to investigate the development of research subfields and female authorship in Demography over the last 50 years. We find that female authorship in Demography has risen considerably since the 1980s and that currently a woman is about as likely as a man to be the sole or the first author of a paper published in the journal. However, we find some differences by subfield. Women seem to be overrepresented in the “family and household” research subfield but underrepresented in the “mortality and health” and “data and methods” categories. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0482-x VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 1169 EP - 1184 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krapf, Sandra A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Wolf, Katharina T1 - Gendered Authorship and Demographic Research – An Analysis of 50 Years of Demography JF - Demography N2 - Demography, the official journal of the Population Association of America, has been given the highest rating among demographic journals by the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Our aim here is to investigate the development of research subfields and female authorship in Demography over the last 50 years. We find that female authorship in Demography has risen considerably since the 1980s and that currently a woman is about as likely as a man to be the sole or the first author of a paper published in the journal. However, we find some differences by subfield. Women seem to be overrepresented in the “family and household” research subfield but underrepresented in the “mortality and health” and “data and methods” categories. KW - Demography KW - Publication practices KW - Female authorship KW - Gender KW - Bibliometrics Y1 - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20875 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0482-x SN - 1533-7790 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 1169 EP - 1184 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Bastin, Sonja T1 - Reliability of union histories in social science surveys: Blurred memory, deliberate misreporting, or true tales? JF - Advances in Life Course Research N2 - This paper examines the reliability of biographical information gathered retrospectively. It draws on data from the German Family Panel (pairfam), which collected information on the partnership status at first birth using two different strategies. The first strategy was to collect partnership and fertility histories separately in an event history calendar. The second strategy was to ask the respondents directly about their partnership status at first childbirth. We find that in almost 20 percent of the cases, the information collected using the two different strategies did not correspond. The dissolution of a partnership and having a complex partnership biography are strong predictors for discrepancies in the information gathered through the two different strategies. We conclude by discussing the factors that lead to the different outcomes produced by each of the two methods, and the implications of these discrepancies for the study of partnership and fertility behavior in general. Y1 - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-20899 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.11.001 SN - 1040-2608 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Advances in Life Course Research. VL - 27 IS - March 2016 SP - 30 EP - 42 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Kinderlosigkeit JF - Neue Zeitschrift für Familienrecht Y1 - 2016 SN - 2198-2333 IS - 5 SP - 204 EP - 206 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dirk, Konietzka A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Wandel der Familienformen JF - Neue Zeitschrift für Familienrecht Y1 - 2015 SN - 2198-2333 IS - 23 SP - 1100 EP - 1102 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Krapf, Sandra T1 - Soziale Ungleichheit und Kinderbetreuung – Eine Analyse der sozialen und ökonomischen Determinanten der Nutzung von Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen T2 - Bildung als Privileg. Erklärungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit N2 - Ähnlich wie in anderen europäischen Ländern wird die institutionelle Kinderbetreuung in Deutschland in erster Linie über ein öffentliches Angebot bereitgestellt. Private Kindertageseinrichtungen, wie es sie in markt-liberalen Ländern gibt, stellen weiterhin eine Ausnahmeerscheinung dar. Ein Spezifikum der deutschen Situation ist darüber hinaus die besondere Bedeutung freier Träger (wie Kirchen und Wohlfahrtsverbände) für die Organisation und Bereitstellung von Plätzen in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Ausgangspunkt der folgenden Überlegungen ist die Hypothese, dass mit der Organisation der institutionellen Kinderbetreuung spezifische Formen sozialer Ausschlussprozesse verbunden sind. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-658-11951-5 (Print) SN - 978-3-658-11952-2 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11952-2_4 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. SP - 107 EP - 128 PB - VS Verl. CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bremhorst, Vincent A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Lambert, Philippe T1 - Fertility progression in Germany : An analysis using flexible nonparametric cure survival models JF - Demographic Research N2 - Objective: This paper uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to study the transition to second and third births. In particular, we seek to distinguish the factors that determine the timing of fertility from the factors that influence ultimate parity progression. Methods: We employ cure survival models, a technique commonly used in epidemiological studies and in the statistical literature but only rarely applied to fertility research. Results: We find that education has a different impact on the timing and the ultimate probability of having a second and a third birth. Furthermore, we show that the shape of the fertility schedule for the total population differs from that of ‘susceptible women’ (i.e., those who have a second or a third child). Conclusions: Standard event history models conflate timing and quantum effects. Our approach overcomes this shortcoming. It estimates separate parameters for the hazard rate of having a next child for the ‘susceptible population’ and the ultimate probability of having another child for the entire population at risk. Contribution: We go beyond standard cure survival models, also known as split population models, used in fertility research by specifying a flexible non-parametric model using Bayesian P-splines for the latent distribution (related to the timing of an extra birth) instead of a parametric model. Our approach is, so far, limited to time-constant covariates, but can be extended to include time-varying covariates as well. KW - cure survival models KW - fertility KW - Germany KW - parity progression KW - quantum KW - timing Y1 - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21352 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.18 VL - 35 SP - 505 EP - 534 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Geisler, Esther A1 - Trappe, Heike T1 - Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern und Vätern in Ost- und Westdeutschland : Strukturstarre oder Trendwende JF - Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit Y1 - 2016 SN - 0340 - 3564 VL - 2 SP - 4 EP - 15 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Kreyenfeld, Michaela ED - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences BT - Contexts, Causes, and Consequences N2 - This open access book provides an overview of childlessness throughout Europe. It offers a collection of papers written by leading demographers and sociologists that examine contexts, causes, and consequences of childlessness in countries throughout the region.The book features data from all over Europe. It specifically highlights patterns of childlessness in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland. An additional chapter on childlessness in the United States puts the European experience in perspective. The book offers readers such insights as the determinants of lifelong childlessness, whether governments can and should counteract increasing childlessness, how the phenomenon differs across social strata and the role economic uncertainties play. In addition, the book also examines life course dynamics and biographical patterns, assisted reproduction as well as the consequences of childlessness. Childlessness has been increasing rapidly in most European countries in recent decades. This book offers readers expert analysis into this issue from leading experts in the field of family behavior. From causes to consequences, it explores the many facets of childlessness throughout Europe to present a comprehensive portrait of this important demographic and sociological trend. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21378 SN - 978-3-319-44665-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Krapf, Sandra ED - Mayer, Tilman T1 - Familiengründung und Migration : Aussiedlerinnen und türkischstämmige Migrantinnen im Vergleich T2 - Die transformative Macht der Demografie Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-658-13166-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13166-1 SP - 109 EP - 126 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Analyzing Childlessness T2 - Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences N2 - Childlessness has been on the rise in many European societies. In Germany, the UK, Austria, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, childlessness has increased starting with the 1950s cohorts. In these countries, about 20 % of the women born around 1965 will remain childless. In southern Europe and the former state-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the rise in levels of childlessness is a more recent phenomenon. Yet among younger cohorts in these countries, childlessness has reached levels of 15 % or higher. In this introductory chapter, we summarize the long-term trends in childlessness and discuss the differences between European countries in the prevalence of childlessness. We also outline the structure and the logic of this volume. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21392 UR - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-44667-7 SN - 978-3-319-44665-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_1 SP - 3 EP - 15 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Childlessness in East and West Germany : Long-Term Trends and Social Disparities T2 - Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences N2 - This chapter provides an overview of the long-term trends in childlessness in East and West Germany. Based on vital statistics, census, and micro-census data we show that for the East German cohorts born in 1940–1964 the share who have remained childless has stalled at around 10 %. For the same cohorts in West Germany, we find that the share who are childless has increased from 10 % to about 20 %. We furthermore describe socio-economic disparities in the childlessness levels of West German birth cohorts based on our analysis of data from the German Family Panel (pairfam). We find that higher levels of female education are associated with higher levels of childlessness, but that differences by education have narrowed among women of recent birth cohorts. For men, we find a clear negative gradient in childlessness, as less educated men are more likely to be childless than their better educated counterparts. Finally, having a turbulent partnership history is shown to be associated with a high probability of remaining childless. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21405 UR - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-44667-7 SN - 978-3-319-44665-3 SN - 978-3-319-44667-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_5 SP - 97 EP - 114 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Kuhnt, Anne-Kristin A1 - Trappe, Heike ED - Kreyenfeld, Michaela ED - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Fertility Ideals of Women and Men Across the Life Course T2 - Childlessness in Europe : Contexts, Causes, and Consequences N2 - This paper explores the stability of women’s and men’s fertility preferences across the life course. The data come from the first six waves of the German Family Panel (pairfam), which span the period from 2008/2009 until 2013/2014. In our analysis, fertility preferences are measured using the following question: “Under ideal circumstances, how many children would you like to have?” The average number cited by both women and men is 2.2. With rising age, this number declines modestly. Relying on fixed-effects modelling, we find that neither partnership status nor economic circumstances have any causal effect on fertility preferences. However, as the number of children a respondent has increases, his or her ideal number of children is also likely to grow. Thus, fertility ideals appear to undergo changes over time, and are adjusted in line with the size of the respondent’s own family. Y1 - 2017 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21415 SN - 978-3-319-44665-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_11 SP - 235 EP - 251 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Rembrandt A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - The register-based census in Germany : Historical context and relevance for population research JF - Comparative Population Studies N2 - In 2011, Germany carried out its first census after a 20-year break. In light of the United Nations’ recommendations that countries initiate a population census at least every 10 years, the census was long overdue. Moreover, demographers had for some time been demanding a new enumeration that would enable them to place the calculation of demographic indicators on a reliable basis. With the 2011 census, Germany not only met the demand for a current population census, but also broke new ground by using a register-based approach. Unlike the Scandinavian countries, which have a long tradition of performing register-based data analyses, the linking of administrative data in Germany is restricted by the country’s legal framework. Thus, the 2011 census was an ambitious project. After contextualising the 2011 census historically, we discuss in this contribution the census’ relevance for generating central demographic data. Specifically, we compare the updated population estimates of the 1987 census to the results of the 2011 census in order to identify possible systematic sources of error that distort demographic indicators and analyses. KW - Demographic indicators KW - Register data KW - Census Y1 - 2016 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-21340 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2016-08en SN - 1869-8999 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 175 EP - 204 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vatterott, Anja A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Salmon migration and fertility in East Germany – An analysis of birth dynamics around German reunification JF - Zeitschrift für Familienforschung - Journal of Family Research N2 - This paper uses rich administrative data from the Deutsche Rentenversicherung (German Pension Fund) to describe changes in the timing and the spacing of births that occurred in the period following German reunification. We examine differences in the birth dynamics of East Germans, West Germans, and women who migrated between the two parts of Germany in these years. As the pension registers provide monthly records on whether a person is living in East or West Germany, they also allow us to examine the role of regional mobility in birth behaviour. In particular, we test the “salmon hypothesis”, which suggests that migrants are likely to postpone having a child until after or around the time they return to their region of origin. Our investigation shows that a large fraction of the cohorts born in 1965-74 migrated to West Germany after reunification, but that around 50% of these migrants returned to East Germany before reaching age 40. The first birth risks of those who returned were elevated, which suggests that the salmon hypothesis explains the behaviour of a significant fraction of the East German population in the period following German reunification. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.budrich-journals.de/index.php/zff/article/view/32369 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/zff.v30i3.02 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 247 EP - 268 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gambaro, Ludovica A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schacht, Diana A1 - Spieß, C. Katharina T1 - Refugees in Germany with Children Still Living Abroad Have Lowest Life Satisfaction JF - DIW Weekly Report N2 - Family strongly influences personal well-being—especially in the case of refugees, whose family members often remain in their homeland. This report is the first to closely examine the well-being and family structures of refugees who came to Germany between January 2013 and January 2016. It uses data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany. Among individuals aged between 18 and 49, nine percent have minor children living outside Germany, whereas twelve percent have a husband or wife living abroad. If the nuclear family is living in Germany—which is more often the case for women than men—refugees are measurably more satisfied with their lives. These findings are also confirmed when accounting for other potential factors for well-being. These findings should be given greater consideration—not least in the debate on family reunification—to enable successful migration, integration, and family policies. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.diw.de/de/diw_01.c.575151.de/publikationen_veranstaltungen/publikationen/diw_weekly_report/diw_weekly_report.html?id=diw_01.c.575151.de&y%5B%5D=2018&y%5B%5D=2019&i=krey VL - 42 SP - 415 EP - 425 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gambaro, Ludovica A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schacht, Diana A1 - Spieß, C. Katharina T1 - Lebenszufriedenheit von Geflüchteten in Deutschland ist deutlich geringer, wenn ihre Kinder im Ausland leben JF - DIW Wochenbericht N2 - Familie hat für das persönliche Wohlbefinden eine große Bedeutung – das gilt vor allem für Geflüchtete, deren Familienmitglieder oftmals im Herkunftsland zurückbleiben. Dieser Bericht nimmt die Familienstruktur von Geflüchteten, die zwischen Januar 2013 und Januar 2016 nach Deutschland kamen, und deren Wohlbefinden erstmals detailliert unter die Lupe. Er basiert auf Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Stichprobe von nach Deutschland Geflüchteten. Insgesamt haben neun Prozent der 18- bis 49-Jährigen minderjährige Kinder, die im Ausland leben. Zwölf Prozent dieser Geflüchteten haben einen Ehepartner oder eine Ehepartnerin im Ausland. Befindet sich die Kernfamilie in Deutschland – was bei Frauen deutlich häufiger der Fall ist als bei Männern –, sind die Geflüchteten messbar zufriedener mit ihrem Leben. Diese Befunde bestätigen sich auch dann, wenn weitere potentielle Faktoren für das Wohlbefinden berücksichtigt werden. Für eine gelungene Migrations-, Integrations- und Familienpolitik sollten diese Erkenntnisse stärker beachtet werden – nicht zuletzt in der Debatte um den Familiennachzug. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://www.diw.de/de/diw_01.c.100404.de/publikationen_veranstaltungen/publikationen/diw_wochenbericht/diw_wochenbericht.html?id=diw_01.c.100404.de&y%5B%5D=2018&y%5B%5D=2019&i=kreyen&action=anwenden VL - 42 SP - 905 EP - 916 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Mika, Tatjana A1 - Radenacker, Anke T1 - Der Gender Pension Gap in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Welchen Einfluss hat eine Scheidung auf die Alterssicherung? JF - Sozialer Fortschritt N2 - Dieser Beitrag untersucht den „Gender Pension Gap“ in Deutschland auf Basis der sechsten Welle des „Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe“ (SHARE-RV), welcher mit Registerdaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung aus dem Jahr 2015 verbunden wurde. In die Untersuchung gehen Frauen und Männer der Geburtsjahrgänge 1930 bis 1955 ein. Für diese Kohorten existiert in Westdeutschland ein erheblicher „Gender Pension Gap“. Frauen dieser Geburtsjahrgänge haben im Schnitt nur halb so hohe Anwartschaften in der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung aufgebaut wie Männer. Im Vergleich zu verheirateten und verwitweten Frauen können ledige und geschiedene Frauen in Westdeutschland deutlich höhere Altersrenten vorweisen. Geschiedene Frauen dieser Kohorten konnten vor allem aufgrund des Versorgungsausgleichs ihre Rentenanwartschaften um etwa 20 Prozent erhöhen. Bei westdeutschen Männern zeigt sich hingegen ein umgekehrter Zusammenhang, d.h. ledige und geschiedene Männer erhalten im Vergleich zu anderen Männern stark unterdurchschnittliche Altersrenten. In Ostdeutschland existiert kein Zusammenhang zwischen Familienstand und Rentenniveau. Abstract: The Gender Pension Gap in East and West Germany: How Does Divorce Affect Old-Age Pensions? This study examines the gender pension gap in Germany based on data from the sixth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-RV). This data has been combined with register data from the German Pension Fund of the year 2015. The analytical sample for our analysis includes women and men born between 1930 and 1955. We observe a substantial gender pension gap for West Germans of these cohorts. Women have earned only half of the pension credits of men. Comparing pension entitlements by family status, one finds that single and divorced West German women were able to collect much higher pension entitlements than their married or widowed counterparts. Divorced women could profit from the splitting of pension points that is conducted after divorce. The equalization of the pension points in the case of divorce increases West German women’s pensions by about 20 percent. For West German men the relationship is vice versa: Single and divorced men are at a particular risk of receiving a low old age pension. There is no relationship between family status and pension entitlements in East Germany, though. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3790/sfo.67.11-12.973 VL - 67/18 IS - 11/12 SP - 973 EP - 996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoem, Jan M. A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Anticipatory analysis and its alternatives in life-course research. Part 2: Marriage and first birth JF - Demographic Research N2 - In the second part of these reflections, we use the connection between marriage and first childbearing to demonstrate further issues involved in anticipatory analysis. We show that an anticipatory approach cannot be used to represent intentionality: People may marry with the intention of having a child, but the analyst should be wary of using anticipatory analysis to pick that up. Y1 - 2006 UR - https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol15/17/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2006.15.17 VL - 15 SP - 485 EP - 498 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Jalovaara, Marika T1 - Childbearing across Partnerships in Finland and Germany T2 - Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues N2 - This paper examines gender differences in “multipartner fertility” – i.e., having children with several partners – in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth more often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. We also examined individual-level factors associated with multipartner fertility. Having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners. Y1 - 2018 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-27041 UR - http://wpsei.utu.fi/childbearing-across-partnerships-in-finland-and-germany/ SP - 1 EP - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geisler, Esther A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Why Do Lone Mothers Fare Worse than Lone Fathers? Lone Parenthood and Welfare Benefit Receipt in Germany JF - Comparative Population Studies N2 - This article uses data from the German microcensuses of 2007 and 2012 to examine gender differences in welfare reliance among lone parents. Binary logistic regression was employed as the method of analysis. We show that the risk of welfare benefit receipt is lower among lone fathers than lone mothers. We also find that these gender differences can be partially explained by the socio-economic characteristics of lone fathers; compared to lone mothers, lone fathers are, on average, better educated and more likely to be living with older children. Gender differences decreased over time among parents who have never married, but remained constant among divorced parents. We present a discussion of our findings in light of recent policy reforms, in particular the reform of the German Maintenance Law of 2008, which curbed the ability of a divorced parent to collect support from an ex-spouse. KW - Employment; Lone parents; Single parents; Social assistance; Welfare Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2019-09en SN - 1869-8980 (Print) – 1869-8999 (Internet) VL - 44 SP - 61 EP - 84 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Solaz, Anne A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Meggiolaro, Silvia A1 - Mortelmans, Dimitri A1 - Pasteels, Inge T1 - Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries T2 - Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues N2 - To what extent are economic difficulties associated with union instability? Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced both high rates of union dissolution and high unemployment rates. This article uses the experience of five European countries before the recent economic crisis to explore the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, discrete-time models show that male partner’s unemployment increases the risk of union dissolution in all countries. Female partner’s unemployment is associated to more varied effects and is only significant in countries where it is standard practice to be in paid employment. The effect is always of lower magnitude than the male partner's unemployment. Interestingly, there is no association between unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level for men. In France and Belgium, we find that individual unemployment during a recession lowers divorce risk for women, while it increases them in Italy. Findings are interpreted in light of the different ways that individual unemployment may be perceived during recession. KW - Unemployment, divorce, separation, contextaual effect, gender, couple, crisis Y1 - 2019 UR - http://wpsei.utu.fi/unemployment-and-separation-evidence-from-five-european-countries/ IS - 5/2019 SP - 1 EP - 33 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radenacker, Anke A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Stracke, Elmar A1 - Mika, Tatjana T1 - Der Ausschluss des Versorgungsausgleichs. Hintergründe und Trends. JF - Neue Zeitschrift für Familienrecht Y1 - 2019 SN - 2198-2333 IS - 21 SP - 937 EP - 941 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela ED - Crowley, Niall ED - Sansonetti, Silvia T1 - A new policy paradigm for the employment–fertility nexus to respond to the ‘future of work’ challenge T2 - New visions for Gender Equality 2019 N2 - The economic foundation of the family has shifted gradually in European countries. Female work no longer suppresses fertility. Instead, women’s employment and labour market integration have become a prerequisite for family formation in many countries. Pivotal for this development was the expansion of childcare, which allowed parents to better combine work and family life. Y1 - 2019 UR - https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/saage_report-new_visions_for_gender_equality-2019.pdf U6 - https://doi.org/10.2838/307975 SN - 978-92-76-12015-5 SP - 16 EP - 19 PB - Publications Office of the European Union CY - Luxembourg ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bujard, Martin A1 - Diehl, Claudia A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Spieß, C. Katharina T1 - Familien mit Fluchthintergrund: Aktuelle Fakten zu Familienstruktur, Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung und Wohlbefinden. Gutachten des Wissenschaftlichen Beirats für Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.bmfsfj.de/blob/140756/d9b5173da1eca339f2507a4c60bcffdd/familien-mit-fluchthintergrund-aktuelle-fakten-data.pdf PB - Wissenschaftliche Beirat für Familienfragen ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Wolf, Katharina A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Migrant Fertility in Germany and the Eastern Enlargement of the EU T2 - SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research N2 - This paper uses data from the Migrant Samples of the German Socio-Economic Panel to study the fertility behaviour of women who migrated to Germany between 1990 and 2015. Special emphasis is placed on the large groups of migrants who have moved to Germany from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries since the 1990s. We find that CEE migrants had higher first birth, but much lower second birth rates than migrants from other European countries. Different from the pattern of African and Middle Eastern migrants, we do not find a spike in first birth rates after migration. We also examined differences within the group of migrants from CEE-countries. In particular, we examined whether Ethnic German migrants differed from migrants who moved as third country national or those who moved after their country became EU-members with the right to free movement of labor. We find that CEE-migrants who moved when their country was a member state of the European Union display strongly reduced first birth rates. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.743010.de/diw_sp1076.pdf SN - 1864-6689 PB - DIW Berlin ET - 1076-2020 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Trappe, Heike T1 - Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe N2 - This open access book assembles landmark studies on divorce and separation in European countries, and how this affects the life of parents and children. It focuses on four major areas of post-separation lives, namely (1) economic conditions, (2) parent-child relationships, (3) parent and child well-being, and (4) health. Through studies from several European countries, the book showcases how legal regulations and social policies influence parental and child well-being after divorce and separation. It also illustrates how social policies are interwoven with the normative fabric of a country. For example, it is shown that father-child contact after separation is more intense in those countries which have adopted policies that encourage shared parenting. Correspondingly, countries that have adopted these regulations are at the forefront of more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Apart from a strong emphasis on the legal and social policy context, the studies in this volume adopt a longitudinal perspective and situate post-separation behaviour and well-being in the life course. The longitudinal perspective opens up new avenues for research to understand how behaviour and conditions prior or at divorce and separation affect later behaviour and well-being. As such this book is of special appeal to scholars of family research as well as to anyone interested in the role of divorce and separation in Europe in the 21st century. Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-030-44575-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1 PB - Springer Open ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solaz, Anne A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Meggiolaro, Silvia A1 - Mortelmans, Dimitri A1 - Pasteels, Inge T1 - Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries JF - Journal of Family Research N2 - Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced high union dissolution risk as well as high unemployment rates. The extent to which adverse economic conditions are associated with union instability is still unknown. This study explores the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk in five European countries before the recent economic crisis. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, the empirical analysis, based on discrete-time event history models, shows that male unemployment consistently increases the risk of union dissolution. While a strong association is observed between male unemployment and separation at the micro level, no association is found between male unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level. The results for female unemployment are mixed, and the size of the impact of female unemployment is smaller in magnitude than that of male unemployment. In Germany and Italy, where until very recently work has been less compatible with family life than in other countries, female unemployment is not significantly associated with union dissolution. KW - unemployment, divorce, separation, contextual effect, gender, couple, crisis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-368 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 176 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Köppen, Katja A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Trappe, Heike T1 - Gender Differences in Parental Well-being After Separation: Does Shared Parenting Matter? T2 - Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe. Life Course Research and Social Policies, vol 12 N2 - A large body of literature has examined how separation and divorce influence social and economic well-being. One consistent finding of the literature is that women and men are affected differently by divorce and separation. Women, and particularly mothers, are likely to suffer from a loss of income. Fathers frequently suffer from having reduced contact with their children, who usually continue to live with their mother after a union dissolution. This chapter uses 10 years of data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) to examine more closely the gender differences in life satisfaction after separation. In line with previous research, we show that following a separation, satisfaction with family life declines more among fathers than among mothers, and that mothers tend to experience a greater decline in their satisfaction with their financial situation than fathers. We also examine the role of shared parenting (Wechselmodell) in parents’ life satisfaction. Our findings indicate that shared parenting is positively associated with well-being, but also that the association is not stable to the inclusion of socio-economic characteristics that explain the selection into shared parenting. The results are discussed in the context of the current German policy debate on shared parenting. KW - Child’s residence, Divorce, Gender differences, Life satisfaction, Separation Y1 - 2020 UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1_12 SN - 9783030445744 (print); 9783030445751 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1 SP - 235 EP - 264 PB - Springer, Cham ER -