TY - JOUR A1 - Moschieri, Caterina A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Managing divestitures through time - expanding current knowledge JF - Academy of Management Perspectives N2 - Although most existing literature has focused on the motives and consequences of divestitures, we have little more than anecdotal evidence illustrating their design and implementation. Even less is known about the evolution of divestitures, especially when parent companies retain a relationship with the divested unit. Using a multi-method approach that blends quantitative analysis with insights from field research, this study analyzes how and why companies structure and implement divestitures. The resulting framework provides new insights for strategy scholars on how divestitures can be used to shape corporate strategies and our understanding of multi-business companies. KW - Qualitative Orientation KW - Corporate Strategy KW - Restructuring/downsizing Y1 - 2012 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 35 EP - 50 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Battilana, Julie A1 - Cárdenas, Julian T1 - Organizing for Society: A Typology of Social Entrepreneuring Models JF - Journal of Business Ethics N2 - In this article, we use content and cluster analysis on a global sample of 200 social entrepreneurial organizations to develop a typology of social entrepreneuring models. This typology is based on four possible forms of capital that can be leveraged: social, economic, human, and political. Furthermore, our findings reveal that these four social entrepreneuring models are associated with distinct logics of justification that may explain different ways of organizing across organizations. This study contributes to understanding social entrepreneurship as a field of practice and it describes avenues for theorizing about the different organizational approaches adopted by social entrepreneurs. KW - Entrepreneuring KW - Organizational field KW - Social change KW - Social entrepreneurship Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1414-3 N1 - Available as e-publication in your Hertie Library. Als elektronische Ausgabe in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. VL - 111 IS - 3 SP - 353 EP - 373 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi A1 - Ventresca, Marc J. T1 - Building Inclusive Markets in Rural Bangladesh: How Intermediaries Work Institutional Voids JF - Academy of Management Journal N2 - Much effort goes into building markets as a tool for economic and social development; those pursuing or promoting market building, however, often overlook that in too many places social exclusion and poverty prevent many, especially women, from participating in and accessing markets. Building on data from rural Bangladesh and analyzing the work of a prominent intermediary organization, we uncover institutional voids as the source of market exclusion and identify two sets of activities—redefining market architecture and legitimating new actors—as critical for building inclusive markets. We expose voids as analytical spaces and illustrate how they result from conflict and contradiction among institutional bits and pieces from local political, community, and religious spheres. Our findings put forward a perspective on market building that highlights the on-the-ground dynamics and attends to the institutions at play, to their consequences, and to a more diverse set of inhabitants of institutions. KW - Institutional theory KW - Theoretical Perspectives KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Qualitative Orientation KW - Social issues in management Y1 - 2012 VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 819 EP - 850 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Battilana, Julie A1 - Dacin, M. Tina ED - Lounsbury, Michael T1 - The embeddedness of social entrepreneurship: Understanding variation across geographic communities T2 - Communities and Organizations N2 - Social enterprise organizations (SEOs) arise from entrepreneurial activities with the aim of achieving social goals. SEOs have been identified as alternative and/or complementary to the actions of governments and international organizations to address poverty and poverty-related social needs. Using a number of illustrative cases, we explore how variation of local institutional mechanisms shapes the local “face of poverty” in different communities and how this relates to variations in the emergence and strategic orientations of SEOs. We develop a model of the productive opportunity space for SEOs as a basis of and an inspiration for further scholarly inquiry. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Civil Society or Community Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-78052-284-5 SN - 0733-558X VL - 33 SP - 333 EP - 363 ET - Research in the Sociology of Organizations ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moschieri, Caterina A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Adapting for innovation: including divestitures in the debate JF - Long Range Planning N2 - Existing literature argues that divested units are unwanted and poor performers – yet evidence suggests that companies do divest well performing units, and often retain a relationship with them, especially in the quest for innovation. This article presents an exploratory case study to examine how a company structures the divestiture of an innovative unit and how it can benefit from the innovation the unit generates. The analysis focuses on how an established company can use divestiture as a strategy to enhance the innovation of its units, and capture its value, by structuring, maintaining and nurturing a special relationship with the unbundled unit. Under new organizational arrangement, resources can be transferred from the parent to the unit, while the parent retains access to the innovation developed within the unit. This study proposes a framework that offers corporate change agents and strategists a new perspective on how to integrate innovation and corporate strategy. KW - innovation KW - divestment KW - corporate strategy KW - case studies KW - companies Y1 - 2011 SN - 0024-6301 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 4 EP - 25 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Social entrepreneurship: On origins and future of a concept JF - Planning Administration KW - Social entrepreneurship Y1 - 2011 VL - 34 IS - 3 SP - 31 EP - 37 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Hockerts, Kai A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Robinson, Jeffrey ED - Hockerts, Kai ED - Mair, Johanna ED - Robinson, Jeffrey T1 - Values and Opportunities in Social Entrepreneurship N2 - Over the past few years social entrepreneurship has grown as a research field. In this 3rd volume in the series, contributions explore questions of values in social entrepreneurship as well as the identification and exploitation of social venturing opportunities. KW - Business Strategy/Leadership KW - Small Business KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Organization KW - Economics, general Y1 - 2010 SN - 9780230216686 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Organizational closure competencies and scaling: A realist approach to theorizing social enterprise T2 - Social entrepreneurship and research methods N2 - Purpose Social entrepreneurs create novel approaches to social problems such as poverty. But scaling these approaches to the dimension of the problem can be a difficult task. In the social enterprise sector, the subject of scaling has become a key dimension of organizational performance. This chapter advances the scholarly literature on the scaling of social enterprises, a literature which is currently in an embryonic stage and characterized by conceptual ambiguity and fragmented perspectives. Methodology/Approach We engage realist philosophy of science to develop mechanism-based causal explanations of the scaling performance of social enterprises. We also develop a coding scheme to guide systematic empirical analysis and highlight the explanatory power of counterfactuals. Counterfactuals have been largely neglected in empirical research as they represent mechanisms that are enabled but remain unobservable – in a state of suppression or neutralization of their effects. Findings We question the ability of organizations to “socially engineer” desired outcomes and introduce a new construct – organizational closure competence. Anchored in realism, this construct provides a basis for productive approaches to social engineering. We elaborate on the importance of organizational closure competencies for scaling, derive a series of propositions, and develop ideas for future research and for practice. Research, Practical and Social Implications Applying a realist lens allows us to add empirical rigor to research on social enterprises and scaling. Our approach constitutes a move from rich narratives to causal models and informs the way we design and evaluate efforts to address important societal challenges. Originality/Value of Chapter This chapter demonstrates how to operationalize realist philosophy of science for causal explanations of complex social phenomena and better utilize its theoretical and practical value. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - scaling KW - realism KW - causal model KW - mechanism-based research Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-78441-142-8 SP - 147 EP - 188 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Ganly, Kate T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: Innovation on Dual Frontiers T2 - Wiley Encyclopedia of Management N2 - Over the past two decades, social entrepreneurship as a phenomenon has gained increased momentum and is widely recognized for its potential to address social needs or problems that too often fall through the gaps of our market and governance systems. This article presents social entrepreneurship as a powerful tool to shape and change institutions and ultimately to inspire the commercial and public sectors. It is conceptualized as a process involving innovation on two levels: (i) the innovation of a new type of product, service, or structure that is created to fulfil unmet needs; and (ii) the innovation of envisioning and enacting alternative institutional arrangements. We contend that the dual nature of this type of innovation is what makes social entrepreneurship more effective than existing solutions and distinguishes it from conventional entrepreneurship. Two case studies are examined to show how social entrepreneurs kick start change by challenging taken for granted ways of doing things and demonstrating how new strategies can make a real impact. They illustrate that more sustainable solutions are possible and often provide “proof of concept” leading to the creation of new markets, new policies, and even new behaviors and attitudes. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Innovation KW - institutions KW - social change KW - social innovation Y1 - 2014 SN - 9781119002352 VL - 6: International Management PB - John Wiley & Sons ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Moschieri, Caterina A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Successful Divestitures Need Proper Cultivation T2 - Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage : Concepts and Cases Y1 - 2014 SN - 9781259011801 PB - McGraw Hill Higher Education ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Sharma, Shuchi T1 - Performance Measurement and Social Entrepreneurship T2 - Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business: An Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Management KW - Business Strategy/Leadership Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-8349-2729-3 (Print) 978-3-8349-7093-0 (Online) SP - 175 EP - 189 PB - Gabler Verlag, Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rimac, Tomislav A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Battilana, Julie T1 - When Social Entrepreneurs Act as Institutional Entrepreneurs: The Case of Sekem. T2 - Using a Positive Lens to Explore Social Change and Organizations (Organization and Management) KW - Social Change KW - Social Entrepreneurship KW - Institutional Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2012 SN - 0415878861, 978-0415878869 SP - 71 EP - 89 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: taking stock and looking ahead T2 - Handbook of Research on Social Entrepreneurship KW - Social Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2010 SN - 0857933302, 978-0857933300 SP - 16 EP - 33 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd ER -