TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Ganly, Kate T1 - Social Entrepreneurs: Innovating towards sustainability T2 - State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures: From Consumerism to Sustainability KW - Social Entrepreneurship KW - Sustainability Y1 - 2010 SN - 039333726X, 978-0393337266 SP - 103 EP - 109 PB - W W Norton & Co Inc ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Battilana, Julie A1 - Dacin, M. Tina ED - Lounsbury, Michael T1 - The embeddedness of social entrepreneurship: Understanding variation across geographic communities T2 - Communities and Organizations N2 - Social enterprise organizations (SEOs) arise from entrepreneurial activities with the aim of achieving social goals. SEOs have been identified as alternative and/or complementary to the actions of governments and international organizations to address poverty and poverty-related social needs. Using a number of illustrative cases, we explore how variation of local institutional mechanisms shapes the local “face of poverty” in different communities and how this relates to variations in the emergence and strategic orientations of SEOs. We develop a model of the productive opportunity space for SEOs as a basis of and an inspiration for further scholarly inquiry. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Civil Society or Community Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-78052-284-5 SN - 0733-558X VL - 33 SP - 333 EP - 363 ET - Research in the Sociology of Organizations ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Organizational closure competencies and scaling: A realist approach to theorizing social enterprise T2 - Social entrepreneurship and research methods N2 - Purpose Social entrepreneurs create novel approaches to social problems such as poverty. But scaling these approaches to the dimension of the problem can be a difficult task. In the social enterprise sector, the subject of scaling has become a key dimension of organizational performance. This chapter advances the scholarly literature on the scaling of social enterprises, a literature which is currently in an embryonic stage and characterized by conceptual ambiguity and fragmented perspectives. Methodology/Approach We engage realist philosophy of science to develop mechanism-based causal explanations of the scaling performance of social enterprises. We also develop a coding scheme to guide systematic empirical analysis and highlight the explanatory power of counterfactuals. Counterfactuals have been largely neglected in empirical research as they represent mechanisms that are enabled but remain unobservable – in a state of suppression or neutralization of their effects. Findings We question the ability of organizations to “socially engineer” desired outcomes and introduce a new construct – organizational closure competence. Anchored in realism, this construct provides a basis for productive approaches to social engineering. We elaborate on the importance of organizational closure competencies for scaling, derive a series of propositions, and develop ideas for future research and for practice. Research, Practical and Social Implications Applying a realist lens allows us to add empirical rigor to research on social enterprises and scaling. Our approach constitutes a move from rich narratives to causal models and informs the way we design and evaluate efforts to address important societal challenges. Originality/Value of Chapter This chapter demonstrates how to operationalize realist philosophy of science for causal explanations of complex social phenomena and better utilize its theoretical and practical value. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - scaling KW - realism KW - causal model KW - mechanism-based research Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-78441-142-8 SP - 147 EP - 188 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Ganly, Kate T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: Innovation on Dual Frontiers T2 - Wiley Encyclopedia of Management N2 - Over the past two decades, social entrepreneurship as a phenomenon has gained increased momentum and is widely recognized for its potential to address social needs or problems that too often fall through the gaps of our market and governance systems. This article presents social entrepreneurship as a powerful tool to shape and change institutions and ultimately to inspire the commercial and public sectors. It is conceptualized as a process involving innovation on two levels: (i) the innovation of a new type of product, service, or structure that is created to fulfil unmet needs; and (ii) the innovation of envisioning and enacting alternative institutional arrangements. We contend that the dual nature of this type of innovation is what makes social entrepreneurship more effective than existing solutions and distinguishes it from conventional entrepreneurship. Two case studies are examined to show how social entrepreneurs kick start change by challenging taken for granted ways of doing things and demonstrating how new strategies can make a real impact. They illustrate that more sustainable solutions are possible and often provide “proof of concept” leading to the creation of new markets, new policies, and even new behaviors and attitudes. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Innovation KW - institutions KW - social change KW - social innovation Y1 - 2014 SN - 9781119002352 VL - 6: International Management PB - John Wiley & Sons ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Moschieri, Caterina A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Successful Divestitures Need Proper Cultivation T2 - Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage : Concepts and Cases Y1 - 2014 SN - 9781259011801 PB - McGraw Hill Higher Education ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Sharma, Shuchi T1 - Performance Measurement and Social Entrepreneurship T2 - Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business: An Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Management KW - Business Strategy/Leadership Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-8349-2729-3 (Print) 978-3-8349-7093-0 (Online) SP - 175 EP - 189 PB - Gabler Verlag, Springer Fachmedien CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rimac, Tomislav A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Battilana, Julie T1 - When Social Entrepreneurs Act as Institutional Entrepreneurs: The Case of Sekem. T2 - Using a Positive Lens to Explore Social Change and Organizations (Organization and Management) KW - Social Change KW - Social Entrepreneurship KW - Institutional Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2012 SN - 0415878861, 978-0415878869 SP - 71 EP - 89 PB - Routledge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: taking stock and looking ahead T2 - Handbook of Research on Social Entrepreneurship KW - Social Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2010 SN - 0857933302, 978-0857933300 SP - 16 EP - 33 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sezgi, Funda A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling T2 - Scaling Social Impact: New Thinking KW - Social Entrepreneurship KW - Scaling KW - Control KW - Coordination Y1 - 2010 SN - Hardcover ISBN 978-0-230-10437-2, Softcover ISBN 978-0-230-33837-1 SP - 29 EP - 44 PB - Palgrave Macmillan US CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi ED - Lawrence, Thomas B. ED - Suddaby, Simon Roy ED - Leca, Bernard T1 - Bringing change into the lives of the poor: Entrepreneurship outside traditional boundaries T2 - Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations N2 - The powerful imagery of entrepreneurship as a means to induce and explain institutional change is gaining momentum (Greenwood & Suddaby, 2006; Lawrence & Suddaby, 2006). In response to criticisms that institutional theory was chiefly being used to explain homogeneity and persistence, important efforts have been devoted to restoring human agency in explanations of endogenous institutional change (DiMaggio, 1988; Sewell, 1992; Emirbayer & Mische, 1998). However, the image of the entrepreneur as institutional change agent has also been a source of controversy among institutional theorists, especially when accompanied by voluntarist, un-embedded conceptions of individual action (Holm, 1995; Leca & Naccache, 2006). As a result we observe vivid scholarly discussions on how to solve the “paradox of embedded agency”– i.e. on explaining how institutional change is possible if actors are fully conditioned by the institutions that they wish to change (Holm, 1995; Seo & Creed, 2002; Greenwood & Suddaby, 2006). The current debate is important and we welcome more agent-oriented views on institutions. The purpose of this chapter is to advance institutional theory by rethinking various aspects of institutional work (Lawrence & Suddaby, 2006; DiMaggio, 1988) and thereby to contribute new insights into the paradox of embedded agency. We do so by challenging and breaking dominant patterns in current empirical research. While previous research on institutional entrepreneurship has predominantly looked at elite and/or powerful actors (DiMaggio, 1988; Fligstein & Mara-Drita, 1996) who assume either peripheral (Leblebici, Salancik, Copay & King, 1991) or central (Greenwood & Suddaby, 2006) positions, we focus instead on institutional work carried out by actors with limited power and very few resources. Y1 - 2009 SN - 9780511590351 SP - 92 EP - 119 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Ziegler, Rafeal T1 - Hope for Sustainable Development: How Social Entrepreneurs Make It Happen T2 - An Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship: Voices, Preconditions and Contexts KW - Gemeinwirtschaft KW - Nachhaltige Entwicklung Y1 - 2009 SN - 9781848443068 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848446229.00021 SP - 228 EP - 246 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Martí, Ignasi ED - Mair, Johanna ED - Robinson, Jeffrey ED - Hockerts, K. T1 - Social entrepreneurship as institution building T2 - International Perspectives on Social Entrepreneurship Research KW - Gemeinwirtschaft KW - Institutionelle Infrastruktur KW - Entwicklungsländer KW - Institutionalismus Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0-230-54315-7 SP - 144 EP - 159 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mitchell, Jordan ED - Smith, N. Craig ED - Lenssen, Gilbert T1 - Waste Concern: Turning a Problem into a Resource T2 - Mainstreaming Corporate Responsibility Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-0470753941 SP - 332 EP - 351 PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. CY - Chichester ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Rangan, V. Kashturi ED - Quelch, John A. ED - Herrero, Gustavo ED - Barton, Brooke T1 - How social entrepreneurs enable human, social, and economic development T2 - Business Solutions for the Global Poor: Creating Social and Economic Value Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-0-7879-8216-4 SP - 271 EP - 294 PB - Jossey-Bass CY - San Francisco ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Perrini, Francesco T1 - The Sekem initiative: a holistic vision to develop people T2 - New Social Entrepreneurship : What awaits social entrepreneurship ventures? Y1 - 2006 SN - 9781845427818 SP - 210 EP - 223 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Noboa, Ernesto ED - Mair, Johanna ED - Robinson, J. ED - Hockerts, K. T1 - Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture are formed T2 - Social Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-1-4039-9664-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625655 SP - 121 EP - 135 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Ganly, Kate ED - Mair, Johanna ED - Robinson, J. ED - Hockerts, K. T1 - Social entrepreneurs directly contribute to global development goals T2 - Social Entrepreneurship Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-1-4039-9664-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625655 SP - 235 EP - 275 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Elfring, Tom T1 - Entrepreneurial behavior in a large traditional firm: Exploring key drivers T2 - Corporate entrepreneurship and venturing Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-0-387-24850-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/b106351 VL - International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 10 SP - 49 EP - 72 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Cool, Karen O. ED - Henderson, James E. ED - Abate, Rene T1 - How much do middle managers really matter? An Empirical Study on their Impact on Sustained Superior Performance T2 - Restructuring Strategy: New Networks and Industry Challenges Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-1405126014 SP - 236 EP - 250 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Oxford, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Amis, John A1 - Munir, Kamal T1 - Institutions and Economic Inequality T2 - The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism Y1 - 2017 SN - 9781412961967 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.8689 SP - 705 EP - 736 PB - Greenwood, Royston; Oliver, Christine; Lawrence, Thomas B.; Meyer, Renate E. CY - Los Angeles; London; New Delhi; Singapore; Washington, DC; Melbourne ET - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Middle managers and corporate entrepreneurship: unpacking strategic roles and assessing performance implications T2 - Handbook of Middle Management Strategy Process Research N2 - This chapter examines the strategic roles of 150 middle managers in different units of a large European financial services firm. The study takes place in the context of a major corporate initiative aimed at creating a more entrepreneurial culture within the firm. Drawing on insights from 40 exploratory interviews, a survey instrument is used to identify four unique middle manager roles in corporate entrepreneurship; leader, broker, businessman, and architect. These roles are interpreted relative to existing literature. Associations between three roles (architect, leader, broker) and organizational performance are highlighted. The chapter adds insight into the roles of middle managers in corporate entrepreneurship initiatives and how these roles connect to organizational performance. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978 1 78347 324 3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783473250 SP - 448 EP - 472 PB - Floyd, Steven W.; Wooldridge, Bill CY - Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Radeke, Joanna A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - Lenssen, Gilbert G. ED - Smith, N. Craig T1 - Waste Concern: Fixing Market Failures BT - An Executive Education Case and Textbook T2 - Managing Sustainable Business Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-94-024-1142-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1144-7 SP - 557 EP - 574 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hehenberger, Lisa A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seganti, Sara ED - Alemany, Luisa ED - Andreoli, Job J. T1 - Impact Investing: Financing Social Entrepreneurs T2 - Entrepreneurial Finance. The Art and Science of Growing Ventures Y1 - 2018 SN - 9781108368070 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108368070 SP - 485 EP - 527 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Battilana, Julie A1 - Butler, Brittany A1 - Kimsey, Marissa A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Marquis, Christopher A1 - Seelos, Christian ED - George, Gerard ED - Baker, Ted ED - Tracey, Paul ED - Joshi, Havovi T1 - Problem, person, and pathway: A framework for social innovators BT - The Role of Organizations, Markets and Communities in Social Innovation T2 - Handbook of Inclusive Innovation Y1 - 2019 SN - 9781786436009 SN - 9781786436016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786436016 SP - 61 EP - 74 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zilber, Tammar B. A1 - Amis, John M. A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Zilber, Tammar B. ED - Amis, John M. ED - Mair, Johanna T1 - Dismantling the Master’s House Using the Master’s Tools: On the Sociology of Organizational Knowledge BT - The Production of Managerial Knowledge and Organizational Theory: New Approaches to Writing, Producing and Consuming Theory T2 - Research in the Sociology of Organizations (Volume 59) Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-78769-184-1 VL - 59 SP - 19 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Reischauer, Georg T1 - Plurality and Effects of the Sharing Economy BT - 2nd Volume: A World of New Practices T2 - Atlas of Social Innovation Y1 - 2019 SN - 9783962381578 SP - 30 EP - 33 PB - oekoem verlag CY - Munich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Powell, Walter W. ED - Bromley, Patricia T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: Research as Disciplined Exploration T2 - The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook N2 - Social enterprises address social problem by means of markets. Over the last two decades they have become increasingly popular across geographies. During this time open contestation and ideological debates over the promise, intention and meaning of social entrepreneurship have dominated public discourse but also inhibited the development of a solid knowledge base on social enterprises as a form of organizing in the spectrum of private action for public purpose. The dominant way of seeing social enterprises as pursuing dual – commercial and social – goals and as ideal sites to study the battle of logics confines our way of looking and limit the theorizing potential around social enterprise. In this chapter I advocate for disciplined exploration approach to study social enterprises to expose this potential. I draw from a collaborative research project involving 1,045 social enterprises across nine countries and show patterns and common features of social enterprises regarding their choice of legal form, their participation in the market for public purpose, their social footprint, and their role in changing local institutional arrangements. I argue that embracing rather than taming the diversity of social enterprises opens opportunities for developing new but more importantly for recasting, refining and connecting existing theories. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781503608047 PB - Stanford University Press CY - Stanford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Laasch, Oliver ED - Jamali, Dima ED - Freeman, R. E. ED - Suddaby, Roy T1 - Social Innovation: Specifying Pathways for Impact T2 - Research Handbook of Responsible Management N2 - Outlining both historical foundations and the latest research trends, this Research Handbook offers a unique and cutting-edge overview of the numerous avenues to responsible management. Opening with a conceptual mapping of the field, thought leaders such as Henry Mintzberg and Archie Carroll present foundational and controversial views. Frameworks such as sustainability management, responsible leadership, humanistic and biomimetic management are introduced. Glocal approaches include responsible management with Chinese characteristics, West African Yoruba, and American Pragmatism. Exploring frameworks for the responsible management process, such as theories of practice, and for responsible management learning and innovation, readers are introduced to key methods responsible management research, such as participatory action research. Groundbreaking in scope and depth, this Handbook caters to the responsible management research community, particularly to the Academy of Management and to United Nations PRME signatory business schools. Policymakers and practitioners will benefit from its insight into the latest advances in responsible management research. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781788971959 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham,UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maurer, Indre A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Oberg, Achim T1 - Variety and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing in the Sharing Economy: A Research Agenda T2 - Theorizing the Sharing Economy: Varieties and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing, Research in the Sociology of Organizations N2 - The sharing economy is one of the most influential developments of the last decade. The emergence of new forms of organizing it brings with it has affected modern (business) life at multiple levels: Sharing organizations have blurred the distinction between the individual roles of provider, user, and employee; they have introduced organizational practices of coordinating members and communities; and they have sparked societal, political, and economic debates in multiple fields. These dynamics at the individual, organizational, and field level provide an opportunity for organization scholars to take stock of and theorize the sharing economy. This volume takes advantage of this opportunity by presenting a collection of empirical and conceptual work that explores the variety and the trajectories of new forms of organizing in the sharing economy, and in doing so builds on, rejuvenates, and refines existing organization theories. Together, the chapters included in this volume offer a comprehensive overview of theoretically grounded research that deepens our understanding of new forms of organizing and indicates future avenues for research. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9781787561809 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas T1 - Social Entrepreneurship: Prospects for the Study of Market Based Activity and Social Change T2 - The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives N2 - Corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to grow as an area of interest in academia and business. Encompassing broad topics such as the relationship between business, society, and government, environmental issues, globalization, and the social and ethical dimensions of management and corporate operation, CSR has become an increasingly interdisciplinary subject relevant to areas of economics, sociology, and psychology, among others. New directions in CSR research include advanced 'micro' based investigations in organizational behaviour and human resource management, additional studies of environmental social responsibility and sustainability, further research on 'strategic' CSR, connections between social responsibility and entrepreneurship, and improvements in methods and data analysis as the field matures. Through authoritative contributions from international scholars across the social sciences, this Handbook provides a cohesive overview of this recent expansion. It introduces new perspectives, new methodologies, and new evidence from a range of disciplines to encourage and facilitate interdisciplinary research and global implementation of corporate social responsibility. Y1 - 2019 SN - 9780198802280 SP - 359 EP - 373 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas ED - Besharov, Marya ED - Mitzinneck, Bjoern T1 - Let’s Talk about Problems: Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing, Social Enterprises, and Institutional Context T2 - Organizational Hybridity: Perspectives, Processes, Promises (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 69) N2 - Social enterprises have long been considered ideal settings for studying hybrid organizing due to their combination of social and economic goals and activities. In this chapter, the authors argue that the current research focus on hybrid organizing foregrounds the paradox, conflicting logics, and multiple identities associated with the pursuit of multiple goals but underappreciates the relationship between hybrid organizing and its institutional context. Recognizing that the primary objective of social enterprises is to tackle social problems, the authors introduce the social problem domain as an analytically useful and theoretically interesting meso-level to examine the role of context for hybrid organizing and to advance conversations on hybridity in organizational theory. Social problem domains offer insights into the political, cultural, and material differences in how various societies deal with social problems, which in turn affects hybrid organizing. The authors provide empirical insights derived from an analysis of social enterprises across three countries and social problem domains. The authors show how the institutional arrangements of social enterprises differ considerably across contexts, and how these arrangements affect how social enterprises become more or less similar compared to traditional ways of organizing in these problem domains. Based on these findings, the authors outline a research agenda on social enterprises that focuses on examining the nature, antecedents, and outcomes of hybrid organizing around social problems across multiple levels of analysis. With this chapter, the authors move the focus of social enterprise research in organizational theory from studying how these organizations cope with multiple logics and goals toward studying how they engage in markets for public purpose. KW - Social enterprises - Hybrid organizing - Institutional context - Social problems - Isomorphism - Context dependence Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X20200000069009 SP - 189 EP - 208 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Reischauer, Georg ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Toepler, Stefan ED - List, Regina T1 - Sharing Economy T2 - International Encyclopedia of Civil Society N2 - The sharing economy can be understood as a web of markets in which individuals exchange goods and services. Market exchange is typically based on transactions mediated by a digital platform operated by an organization (Mair and Reischauer 2017). The multiple legal forms, orientations, and modes of compensation these organizations adopt combined with the broad range of markets including food, tool, and ride-sharing exemplify the potential of the sharing economy to nurture alternative forms of organizing with social purpose (Mair and Rathert forthcoming) to affect the economy, society, and the environment in new ways (Frenken and Schor 2017). Y1 - 2020 UR - 978-3-319-99675-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_9558-1 PB - Springer International Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas ED - Blättel-Mink, Birgit ED - Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo ED - Windeler, Arnold T1 - Sozialunternehmertum T2 - Handbuch Innovationsforschung N2 - Sozialunternehmertum bezieht sich auf die innovative Nutzung wie Kombination von Ressourcen zur Bewältigung sozialer Probleme und Bedürfnisse. Wir zeichnen Debatten um die Definition von Sozialunternehmertum nach und stellen institutionellen Wandel und die Verfolgung vielfältiger Ziele als Schlüsselmerkmale von Sozialunternehmertum heraus. Auf Basis einer Diskussion verschiedener Arbeiten der Management-, Organisations- und Unternehmertumsforschung eröffnen wir eine prägnante und generative Perspektive auf Sozialunternehmertum. Sie soll helfen, die Erforschung sozialer Innovationen voran zu treiben. KW - Sozialunternehmertum · Sozialunternehmen · Organisationen · Institutioneller Kontext · Governance Y1 - 2020 SN - Printed: 978-3-658-17668-6 / eBook: 978-3-658-17668-6 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Traeger, Charlotte A1 - Nolting, Fenja ED - Dorado, Silvia ED - Haugh, Helen ED - Wadhwani, R. Daniel ED - Hamann, Ralph T1 - Advancing Phenomenon-Based Research on Complex Societal Challenges: The Case of Homelessness T2 - Big Picture Approaches to the Impact of Social Innovations N2 - We advance organizational research on complex societal challenges and showcase the relevance of a system perspective to analyze organized efforts to address homelessness as a social problem. We adopt a phenomenon-based approach to theorizing and generate plausible explanations by analyzing historical accounts of decisions and actions taken to tackle homelessness by various actors across different sectors in the United States between 1960 and 2021. We apply an analytical scaffolding proposed by Mair and Seelos (2021) to examine how organizations intervene in social systems and explicate the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Attending to these three realms helps to reveal how homelessness was problematized differently over time and to examine how different causal assumptions shaped organizational decisions about developing and scaling solutions to homelessness. Based on our analysis, we develop a series of propositions that capture contextualized insights on the characteristics and consequences of efforts to address homelessness, accounting for linkages between the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Finally, our analytical and theoretical approach helps uncover the interconnectedness of scaling and scale, providing valuable insights for theory and policy. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-1-83608-528-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/s0733-558x20250000096002 VL - 96 SP - 25 EP - 50 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Rathert, Nikolas ED - Schulz-Schaeffer, Ingo ED - Windeler, Arnold ED - Blättel-Mink, Birgit T1 - Social Entrepreneurship T2 - Handbook of Innovation N2 - Social entrepreneurship refers to the innovative use and combination of resources to address social problems and needs. Social entrepreneurship and social enterprises constitute an increasingly relevant form of organizing across different contexts, reflected in growing interest from policymakers in Europe and beyond. We provide an overview of definitional debates around social entrepreneurship and focus on institutional change and the pursuit of multiple goals as key characteristics of social entrepreneurship. These characteristics set social entrepreneurship apart from commercial entrepreneurship focused on providing products and services but also create unique challenges. On the one hand, as research on social entrepreneurship and institutional change has shown, social entrepreneurship involves the consideration of the context-specific nature of social problems and social innovations. In addition, scholarship on social entrepreneurship and the pursuit of multiple goals emphasizes a set of resulting demands on organizational governance, including ensuring accountability and acquiring resources while straddling diverse institutional contexts. Interrogating the existing literature in management, organization, and entrepreneurship studies on these aspects, our discussion offers a succinct and generative perspective on social entrepreneurship that helps to advance the study of social innovation. Y1 - 2025 SN - 978-3-031-25143-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25143-6_25-1 PB - Springer Nature Switzerland AG CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wolf, Miriam A1 - Ioan, Alexandra ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Baums, Theodor T1 - Governance in Social Enterprises T2 - Advances in Corporate Governance: Comparative Perspectives. N2 - Social enterprises are organisations that pursue a social mission using market mechanisms. From a policy perspective, they are promising vehicles to create both social and economic value for society in times when public funds are shrinking and the financial viability of charities and non-profit organisations (NPOs) is increasingly at stake. From a civil society perspective, they are an important organisational form to ensure longevity, financial viability, and sustainability of mission-driven organisations. Social enterprises are neither typical charities nor typical businesses but combine aspects of both, using commercial activities as means toward social ends. They are often small or medium-sized1 and do not draw on highly elaborated governance arrangements as do larger for- or non-profit organisations. Governance often resembles a grey zone for these organisations, and the approach social enterprises adopt ranges from formal, legally binding arrangements to more flexible and context-based ones. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9780198866367 SP - 180 EP - 202 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wolf, Miriam ED - Donnelly-Cox, Gemma ED - Meyer, Michael ED - Wijkström, Filip T1 - Hybrid Organizations as Sites for Reimagining Organizational Governance. T2 - Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance. Research Handbooks in Business and Management series. N2 - In this chapter we argue that hybrid organizations, i.e., organizations pursuing dual goals, are an important site for rethinking and potentially recasting our perspective on organizational governance. We give an overview of the specific governance challenges hybrid organizations face and probe conventional and more novel approaches and their potential to understand governance in hybrid organizations. Introducing empirical findings from a large-scale qualitative and quantitative study about governance in social enterprises, we propose to complement the reactive approach dominant in the governance literature with a more proactive approach: drawing on the work of Philip Selznick, we introduce a governance approach focused on purpose, commitment and new ways of coordination. We propose that these three interlocking governance mechanisms allow hybrid organizations such as social enterprises to mitigate governance challenges such as the risk of mission drift in a proactive rather than reactive manner. Y1 - 2021 SN - 9781788114905 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114912.00027 SP - 311 EP - 325 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sezgi, Funda A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Bali Swain, Ranjula ED - Sweet, Susanne T1 - To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling. T2 - Sustainable Consumption and Production, Volume II. N2 - In this chapter, we assess the link between scaling, control and organizational achievements. We argue that control is essential to coordinate organizational members towards a common and shared goal and to provide guardrails for scaling. We use the experience of the Aravind Eye Care System, a non-profit organization based in India providing eye care services to poor people to specify the mechanisms employed by Aravind underpinning three popular organizational scaling modes—branching, affiliation and dissemination. Our objective is to show how control and scaling can be combined in order to protect the value base of a social enterprise and at the same time ensure growth. Y1 - 2021 SN - Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55284-8 | Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-55285-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55285-5_15 VL - II SP - 355 EP - 376 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bünder, Tobias A1 - Rathert, Nikolas A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - George, Gerard ED - Haas, Martine ED - Joshi, Havovi ED - McGahan, Anita ED - Tracey, Paul T1 - Understanding firm- and field-level change toward sustainable development: insights from the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines, 1960‒2020 T2 - Handbook on the Business of Sustainability N2 - Insufficient access to medicines is a persistent global problem that affects billions of people in low- and middle-income countries. In this chapter, we use access to medicines as a case to understand how business can become instrumental in making progress on persistent and global problems we associate with sustainable development. We examine the emergence and evolution of access to medicines as a mandate for the pharmaceutical industry to contribute to sustainable development. More specifically, we trace the historical developments of corporate social initiatives in the industry and revisit existing research on access to medicines in management and related fields. We then introduce three distinct analytical perspectives - field emergence and change, firm heterogeneity, organizational processes - to examine access to medicine, expose managerial challenges and offer a research agenda that helps to advance research on access to medicines and, more generally, on corporate efforts to address pressing global problems subsumed under the Sustainable Development Goals. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781839105333 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839105340.00025 SP - 300 EP - 319 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER -