TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Geisler, Esther A1 - Castro Martín, Teresa A1 - Hannemann, Tina A1 - Heintz-Martin, Valerie A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kulu, Hill A1 - Meggiolaro, Silvia A1 - Mortelmans, Dimitri A1 - Pasteels, Inge A1 - Seiz, Marta A1 - Solaz, Anne T1 - Social policies, separation, and second birth spacing in Western Europe JF - Demographic Research N2 - OBJECTIVE This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether,and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries. METHODS This analysis makes use of rich survey data from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,Spain, and the United Kingdom, as well as from Finnish register data. We thus cover the behavior of a large proportion of the population of Western Europe. We also use descriptive measures, such as Kaplan‒Meier survival functions and cumulative incidence curves. In the multivariate analysis, we employ event history modeling to show how education relates to postseparation fertility behavior. Y1 - 2017 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-24944 UR - https://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol37/37/ VL - 37 SP - 1245 EP - 1274 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Childbearing across partnerships in Finland and Germany T2 - Divorce in Europe. New Insights in Trends, Causes and Consequences of Relation Break-ups N2 - This chapter examines gender differences in “multipartner fertility” – i.e., having children with several partners – in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. Further, having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners. KW - Fertility Finland Germany Multipartner fertility Stepfamily Y1 - 2020 SN - 9783030258375 (print), 9783030258382 (online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25838-2 SP - 315 EP - 335 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solaz, Anne A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Meggiolaro, Silvia A1 - Mortelmans, Dimitri A1 - Pasteels, Inge T1 - Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries JF - Journal of Family Research N2 - Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced high union dissolution risk as well as high unemployment rates. The extent to which adverse economic conditions are associated with union instability is still unknown. This study explores the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk in five European countries before the recent economic crisis. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, the empirical analysis, based on discrete-time event history models, shows that male unemployment consistently increases the risk of union dissolution. While a strong association is observed between male unemployment and separation at the micro level, no association is found between male unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level. The results for female unemployment are mixed, and the size of the impact of female unemployment is smaller in magnitude than that of male unemployment. In Germany and Italy, where until very recently work has been less compatible with family life than in other countries, female unemployment is not significantly associated with union dissolution. KW - unemployment, divorce, separation, contextual effect, gender, couple, crisis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-368 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 176 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Jalovaara, Marika T1 - Childbearing across Partnerships in Finland and Germany T2 - Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues N2 - This paper examines gender differences in “multipartner fertility” – i.e., having children with several partners – in Germany and Finland. The analyses focus on women and men born around 1970 who are followed until age 41. We show that multipartner fertility is more common in Finland than in Germany. However, there are large East-West differences within Germany. East Germans are less likely to have a second or third child than West Germans, but those East Germans who progress to a higher order birth more often have this child with a new partner. We also find some gender differences in behaviour. Men display lower transition rates than women of having a second child with a new partner. We also examined individual-level factors associated with multipartner fertility. Having a first child at an early age is strongly and positively associated with multipartner fertility. No consistent relationship between education and multipartner fertility was found for Germany. In Finland, however, low education is associated with elevated risks of having children with different partners. Y1 - 2018 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-27041 UR - http://wpsei.utu.fi/childbearing-across-partnerships-in-finland-and-germany/ SP - 1 EP - 24 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Solaz, Anne A1 - Jalovaara, Marika A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Meggiolaro, Silvia A1 - Mortelmans, Dimitri A1 - Pasteels, Inge T1 - Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries T2 - Working Papers on Social and Economic Issues N2 - To what extent are economic difficulties associated with union instability? Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced both high rates of union dissolution and high unemployment rates. This article uses the experience of five European countries before the recent economic crisis to explore the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, discrete-time models show that male partner’s unemployment increases the risk of union dissolution in all countries. Female partner’s unemployment is associated to more varied effects and is only significant in countries where it is standard practice to be in paid employment. The effect is always of lower magnitude than the male partner's unemployment. Interestingly, there is no association between unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level for men. In France and Belgium, we find that individual unemployment during a recession lowers divorce risk for women, while it increases them in Italy. Findings are interpreted in light of the different ways that individual unemployment may be perceived during recession. KW - Unemployment, divorce, separation, contextaual effect, gender, couple, crisis Y1 - 2019 UR - http://wpsei.utu.fi/unemployment-and-separation-evidence-from-five-european-countries/ IS - 5/2019 SP - 1 EP - 33 ER -