TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Private Voluntary Organizations and Development in West Africa: Comparative Perspective T2 - The nonprofit sector in international perspective : studies in comparative culture and policy Y1 - 1989 SN - 0195056299 SP - 339 EP - 357 PB - Oxford University Press CY - New York u.a. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Indigenous Voluntary Associations, Non-Profits and Development in Africa T2 - The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook Y1 - 1987 SN - 9780300109030 SP - 416 EP - 433 PB - Yale Univ. Press CY - New Haven, CT ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - "Mittelschichten: Afrika" T2 - Pipers Wörterbuch zur Politik 6 Y1 - 1987 SP - 352 EP - 353 PB - Piper Verlag CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Neidhardt, Friedhelm T1 - The Nazi Party and its Capital: An Analysis of the NSDAP Membership in Munich, 1925-1930 JF - American Behavioral Scientist N2 - This article examines the membership profile of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) in Munich, the party's birthplace and political, administrative, and financial center of power. On the basis of an analysis of more than 4,000 members listed in the local NSDAP Membership Register between 1925 and 1930, the authors arrive at four major findings: (a) Party membership expanded slowly but more or less continuously; (b) membership was dispersed fairly evenly across city districts, with no major concentrations of Nazi members; (c) membership was distributed widely and relatively evenly across occupational groups and social statuses, although some occupations showed a higher percentage of Nazi memberships; (d) the proportion of female members in 1925 was relatively high but falls to much lower levels by 1930. These findings are discussed in the context of current scholarship of the changing class, age, and gender composition of the Nazi Party before 1933. Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764298041009004 SN - 1552-3381 VL - 41 IS - 9 SP - 1219 EP - 1236 PB - Sage Publications CY - Los Angeles [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Rudney, Gabriel T1 - An Input-Output Analysis of the Nonprofit Sector in the USA and Germany JF - Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics N2 - This paper presents an exploratory input–output analysis of the nonprofit sectors in former West Germany and the USA based on the conceptual and data structure provided by the System of National Accounts. When compared with the USA, the West German nonprofit sector catered more to government demands. A higher proportion of West German nonprofit services went to government and a smaller proportion went to households. In terms of the multiplier effect of nonprofit output, we find that an additional dollar of nonprofit services delivered to households and/or government induced indirectly an additional 83 cents of business output in the USA. By comparison, West Germany’s nonprofit sector had a lower multiplier effect, with 43 Pfennig per DM1. We also find that businesses have a much larger stake in nonprofit production as intermediate suppliers when compared to their role as intermediate consumers. The economic position the nonprofit sector occupies in both countries is that of a producing sector, taking inputs from businesses and providing outputs for households and governments. This general structural characteristic suggests that the nonprofit sector is particularly sensitive to changes in government policies as well as to shifts in private household incomes, yet relatively insensitive to demand changes in other industries. Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00071 SN - 1467-8292 VL - 69 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 31 PB - Springer CY - Hoboken (N.J.) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Social Origins of Civil Society: Explaining the Nonprofit Sector Cross-Nationally JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Recent research has usefully documented the contribution that nonprofit organizations make to “social capital” and to the economic and political development it seems to foster. Because of a gross lack of basic comparative data, however, the question of what it is that allows such organizations to develop remains far from settled. This article seeks to remedy this by testing five existing theories of the nonprofit sector against data assembled on eight countries as part of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project. The five theories are: (a) government failure/market failure theory; (b) supply-side theory; (c) trust theories; (d) welfare state theory; and (e) interdependence theory. The article finds none of these theories adequate to explain the variations among countries in either the size, the composition, or the financing of the nonprofit sector. On this basis it suggests a new theoretical approach to explaining patterns of nonprofit development among countries—the “social origins” approach—which focuses on broader social, political, and economic relationships. Using this theory, the article identifies four “routes” of third-sector development (the liberal, the social democratic, the corporatist, and the statist), each associated with a particular constellation of class relationships and pattern of state-society relations. The article then tests this theory against the eight-country data and finds that it helps make sense of anomalies left unexplained by the prevailing theories. KW - Nonprofit theory KW - Social origins theory KW - Comparative methodology KW - Cross-national comparisons Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022058200985 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 213 EP - 248 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - On Developing Comparative Nonprofit-Sector Theory: A Reply to Steinberg and Young, and Ragin JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Responding to comments on “Social Origins of Civil Society,” an article published in this issue of Voluntas, this article focuses on three critical issues that underlie cross-national theory building and theory testing in the field of nonprofit studies: the issue of definitions, the challenge of operationalizing key theoretical concepts, and the nature of the tests available to verify results. Regarding the first, the article defends the structural-operational definition used in The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project against suggestions by the commentators that it either be expanded or narrowed, arguing that the alternative is either to broaden the focus beyond what is manageable or to make the basic yardstick vulnerable to changing political and policy shifts—a sure prescription for confusion. Regarding the question of operationalization, the article concedes that better measures of some key features of prevailing theories might be imaginable, but, since few of these are available, it cautions against letting the best become the enemy of the good in cross-national nonprofit theory testing. Finally, the article finds, in suggestions that multivariate techniques be used in testing various nonprofit theories, confirmation of its central argument that a contextual analysis of the sort embodied in the authors' “social origins” approach is needed to come to terms with the reality of the nonprofit sector cross-nationally. Taken together these comments underline the need to continue the kind of systematic data gathering and theory testing that the authors have undertaken, to utilize an interdisciplinary approach, and to link the study of the nonprofit sector to social analysis more generally. KW - Nonprofit theory KW - Comparative history KW - Social origins theory KW - Democratic theory KW - Cross-national comparative analysis KW - Comparative methodology KW - Civil society Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022014418732 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 271 EP - 281 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - The Civil Society Sector JF - Society N2 - Salamon and Anheier bring the civil society sector - the plethora of private, nonprofit, and nongovernmental organizations that have emerged in recent decades - into better focus conceptually as well as empirically. They draw on the results of a major inquiry into the scope, structure, financing and role of the "nonprofit sector" in a broad cross-section of countries around the world. KW - Private sector KW - Nonprofit organizations KW - Cross cultural studies KW - Society Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823101 SN - 0147-2011 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 60 EP - 65 PB - Springer Science & Business Media CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - ‘Clean Models of Individual Rationality’ vs. ‘Dirty Hands of Institutions’: William Brustein’s Sociology of Nazism JF - American Journal of Sociology Y1 - 1997 SN - 0002-9602 VL - 103 IS - 1 SP - 199 EP - 209 PB - University of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Sokolowski, S. Wojtech T1 - The implications of government funding for non-profit organizations: three propositions JF - International Journal of Public Sector Management N2 - While the state dependency thesis seems widely accepted among students of the German non‐profit sector, there is surprisingly little research that has systematically explored its empirical base and conceptual validity. Attempts to remedy this situation and offers an initial empirical examination of this thesis. Examines the extent and pattern of state funding of the German non‐profit sector and develops three propositions, each adopting a different explanatory focus, which are then analysed with the help of data taken from a sample survey of West German non‐profit organizations. Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/09513559710166057 SN - 0951-3558 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 190 EP - 213 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Priller, Eckhard A1 - Zimmer, Annette T1 - Der Nonprofit Sektor in den neuen Bundesländern: Kontinuität, Neuanfang oder Kopie? JF - Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen: ZögU Y1 - 1997 SN - 0344-9777 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 58 EP - 76 PB - Nomos-Verl.-Ges. CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Ben-Ner, Avner T1 - Shifting Boundaries: Long-term changes in the size of the for-profit, nonprofit, cooperative and government sectors JF - Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00050 SN - 1467-8292 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 335 EP - 353 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken (N.J.) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Ben-Ner, Avner T1 - Grenzverschiebungen: langfristige Veränderungen des Umfangs von gewinnorientiertem, Nonprofit-, genossenschaftlichem und staatlichem Sektor JF - Zeitschrift für Gemeinwirtschaft Y1 - 1997 SN - 1562-4021 VL - 3-4 SP - 30 EP - 49 PB - Lischkar CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Acknowledgement of Literary Influence: A Structural Analysis of a German Literary Network JF - Sociological Forum N2 - This paper analyzes a characteristic syndrome of modern literature identified as “anxiety of influence” by literary critics and as “mania for originality” by art historians. Based on a sociological reformulation of the syndrome as it relates to the structure of acknowledged influence, the paper develops and tests several hypotheses. Data are based on a survey of West German writers and are analyzed by using clustering techniques and correspondence analysis. First, the analysis demonstrates the fragmented and non-hierarchical structure of acknowledged literary influence. Second, the different types of influence (absence distinctiveness, and clusterability) correspond to different professional and literary characteristics of writers. Results highlight one of the contradictions between the cultural code and the professional structure of modern art: at the level of ideology, greatness and genius are equated with the absence of influence and artistic uniqueness. The analysis shows, however, that the denial/absence of acknowledged influence is found among writers who are excluded from the professional networks where reputations are made in the world of literature. KW - Seciology of literature KW - Literary influence KW - Literary traditions KW - Social position of writers KW - Social structure of modern literature Y1 - 1991 SN - 0884-8971 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 156 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen T1 - Literary Myths and Social Structure JF - Social Forces N2 - The lives of writers are subject to a variety of myths. This article shows that such cultural perceptions of writers bear a close affinity to the social structure of literature in modern societies. Two structural properties seem to encourage the proliferation of myths about writers: (1) the existence of a group of prominent writers who occupy unique social positions and form an amorphous elite and (2) the relation between the elite and the large group of lesser-known, peripheral writers. Elite amorphousness and high relational density among the elite and peripheral "groupness" and sparseness of literary relations among the periphery emerge as two major properties of the social structure. These counterintuitive properties are useful in understanding myth generation in literature; they allow for competing "views" of the social structure, views that seem to develop into contradictory myths of the modern writer. Data on several types of ties among writers were collected and analyzed with block model techniques. KW - Writers KW - Social structures KW - Poetry KW - Authors KW - Folk culture KW - High culture KW - Cultural customs KW - Social networking KW - Literary criticism KW - Prophets Y1 - 1991 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2307/2579476 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 811 EP - 830 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Priller, Eckhard T1 - The Nonprofit Sector in East Germany: Before and After Unification JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - The paper describes how the non-profit sector in East Germany has passed through several distinct phases in recent years. It shows how the role of the non-profit sector under the system of party dominance and centralised economic and social planning signified a major contradiction of East German society: the artificial under-development of civic society in eastern Europe's most successful economy. During the first phase of the transition period in late 1989, the expression and manifestation of political views was predominant. With the disintegration of the socialist party-state, the needs for social service provision increased. West German organisations have increasingly become the dominant factor in East German non-profit sector affairs. The paper argues that the East German non-profit sector will emerge as a slightly poorer and more secular version of its West German counterpart. Y1 - 1991 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01398530 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 78 EP - 94 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - DiMaggio, Paul T1 - A nonprofit szervezetek es a nonprofit sector szociologiaja JF - Nonprofit Kutatask Y1 - 1991 N1 - Ungarische Übersetzung / Hungarian translation VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 84 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Themes in International Research on Non-Profit Organizations JF - The Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly N2 - This article outlines major characteristics of the nonprofit sector in civil law, common law, socialist countries, and developing countries. Largely based on an international directory of nonprofit sector research, the article introduces common and country-specific research themes on the nonprofit sector in a comparative perspective. The article concludes by delineating several implications for research in the areas of taxonomy, measurement, intersectoral relations, and comparative institutional history. Y1 - 1990 SN - 0899-7640 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 371 EP - 391 PB - Sage CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Zur internationalen Forschung über den Nonprofit-Sektor: Themen und Ansätze JF - Journal für Sozialforschung KW - Dritter Sektor KW - Nonprofit-Organisation KW - Soziologie KW - Theorie Y1 - 1990 SN - 0253-3995 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 163 EP - 180 PB - Sozialwissenschaftliche Studiengesellschaft CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - DiMaggio, Paul T1 - The Sociology of Nonprofit Organizations and Sectors JF - Annual Review of Sociology N2 - Interest in and research on nonprofit organizations and sectors have developed rapidly in recent years. Much of this work by sociologists has focussed on particular subsectors rather than on nonprofits as a class. This review attempts to extract from a large and varied literature a distinctively sociological perspective on nonprofits, which it contrasts to influential work in economics. Two questions—“Why (and where) are there nonprofit organizations” and “What difference does nonprofitness make?”—are addressed at the levels of organization, industry, and firm. Three central conclusions, each with research implications, emerge from this review: (a) The origins and behavior nonprofit organizations reflect institutional factors and state policies as well as the social-choice processes and utility functions emphasized by economists. (b) Understandingth e origins of nonprofit sectors and behavioral differences between nonprofits and for-profit or government organizations requires an industry-level ecological perspective. (c) “Nonprofitness” has no single transhistorical or transnational meaning; nonprofit-sector functions, origins, and behavior reflect specific legal definitions, cultural inheritances, and state policies in different national societies. KW - Organizations KW - Nonprofit KW - Voluntary sector KW - Institutions Y1 - 1990 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.001033 SN - 0360-0572 VL - 16 SP - 137 EP - 159 PB - Annual Reviews CY - Palo Alto ER -