TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Barrett, Gavin T1 - EC Immigration & Asylum Policymaking: Integrating a Role for the Oireachtas T2 - National Parliaments and the European Union: The Constitutional Challenge for the Oireachtas and Other Member State Legislatures Y1 - 2008 SN - 9781905536023 SP - 205 EP - 242 PB - Clarus Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Baldaccini, Anneliese ED - Guild, Elspeth ED - Toner, Helen T1 - The Asylum Procedures Directive in Legal Context: Equivocal Standards Meet General Principles T2 - Whose Freedom, Security and Justice? EU immigration and asylum law after 1999 Y1 - 2007 SN - 9781841136844 SP - 151 EP - 193 PB - Hart Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Hofmann, Herwig C.H. ED - Türk, Alexander H. T1 - Administrative Governance and the Europeanisation of Asylum and Immigration Policy T2 - EU Administrative Governance Y1 - 2006 SN - 9781845422851 SP - 287 EP - 340 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Accidents of Place and Parentage: Birthright Citizenship and Border Crossings T2 - The Citizenship Referendum: Implications for the Constitution and Human Rights Y1 - 2004 SP - 5 EP - 33 PB - School of Law, Trinity College Dublin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Brown, Eimear ED - Kilkelly, Ursula T1 - ECHR and the European Union T2 - ECHR and Irish Law Y1 - 2004 SN - 9781846611247 SP - 35 EP - 78 PB - Jordan Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Fraser, Ursula ED - Harvey, Colin T1 - EU Asylum Law & Policy T2 - Sanctuary in Ireland, Perspectives on Asylum Law and Policy Y1 - 2004 SN - 9781904541042 SP - 18 EP - 51 PB - Institute of Public Administration ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Hourihane, Jim T1 - Irish and European Law T2 - Ireland and the European Union: The First Thirty Years 1973-2003 Y1 - 2004 SN - 9781843510352 SP - 26 EP - 40 PB - Lilliput Press Dublin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Barry, Eilis T1 - Positive Action T2 - Equality in Diversity: The New Equality Directives Y1 - 2003 SN - 9781897606360 SP - 117 EP - 213 PB - Irish Centre for European Law and The Equality Authority CY - Dublin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Cox, Neville ED - Schuster, Alex ED - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Sport & Equality T2 - Sports and the Law Y1 - 2004 SN - 9781904480228 SP - 457 EP - 495 PB - First Law CY - Dublin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Hervey, Tamara ED - Kenner, Jeff T1 - Gender Equalities and the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights T2 - Economic and Social Rights under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union Y1 - 2003 SN - 9781841130958 SP - 111 EP - 138 PB - Hart Publishing ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Briddick, Catherine T1 - Introduction to the Symposium on Undoing Discriminatory Borders JF - AJIL Unbound N2 - Migration laws and controls distribute important social goods: the right to enter and reside in a particular state, and the rights that attach to any such residence. Migration controls determine individuals’ life chances, including sometimes, their very survival. Migration control is a broad concept. Some practices, such as visa administration, control the possibility of travel by regular means, dictating access to mobility opportunities. Other aspects of migration control, such as the conferral of nationality, determine access to permanent residence rights, and the legal ability to pass on membership of a particular state to one’s children. Some forms of migration control are automated and may also be undertaken by private actors, including for profit companies. Others may involve determination or adjudication by individual officials or judges. What unites this broad set of practices is that they comprise important public functions with profound implications for both “outsiders” and “insiders.” As Chandran Kukathas argues, migration controls pose a threat to equality within states, challenging the notion that these practices primarily affect imagined “outsiders.”1 Migration controls impact both “without” and “within” the state. This introductory essay explores discrimination in migration control and discusses how such treatment may be approached from an international legal perspective. We introduce the symposium’s contributors and essays and establish the need for further research on this topic. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.49 VL - 115 SP - 328 EP - 332 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Foster, Michelle T1 - Race Discrimination Effaced at the International Court of Justice JF - AJIL Unbound N2 - This essay examines the interpretation of the core international treaty dedicated to the elimination of racial discrimination, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), and in particular how the prohibition on race discrimination applies to the treatment of migrants. This essay is timely, as CERD has travelled from the margins of human rights law to the center of the hottest interstate lawfare. At the time of writing, the first ever interstate dispute before any UN treaty body is before the CERD Committee, and CERD has been invoked in several interstate cases before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Unfortunately, this crucible of adjudication has not marked an increase in principled interpretation. This essay critiques the recent admissibility ruling of the ICJ in Qatar v. U.A.E. for its marginalization of the prohibition of race discrimination, in particular the failure meaningfully to consider how nationality discrimination may constitute prohibited race discrimination. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.51 VL - 115 SP - 339 EP - 344 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Foster, Michelle T1 - (Some) refugees welcome: When is differentiating between refugees unlawful discrimination? JF - International Journal of Discrimination and the Law N2 - Europe’s extraordinary response to those fleeing the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has prompted many criticisms of Europe’s treatment of other refugees, and indeed people of colour and members of ethnic minorities fleeing Ukraine.  While stark, this differentiated response in not unusual:  The global refugee regime treats different refugees differently, as a matter of course.     Refugees often encounter racialized migration controls, and systems which privilege some refugees over others.   The article seeks to clarify when these practices violate the international legal prohibitions on discrimination on grounds of race and nationality.    To do so, it focuses on race discrimination in general international human rights law, clarifying the interaction between general human rights principles and instruments, and the specialist instrument in the field, the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination.    We identify how differences in treatment on grounds of nationality may engage the prohibition on race discrimination both directly (in particular when nationality equates to national origin) or indirectly. Concerning nationality discrimination, the article focuses in particular on the added value of Article 3 of the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees, which obliges states to ‘apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin.’  We examine Article 3 both within the overall scheme of the Refugee Convention and as a source to guide interpretation of international human rights norms. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/13582291221116476 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 244 EP - 280 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Cunningham, Stewart T1 - Hard Protection through Soft Courts? Non-Refoulement before the United Nations Treaty Bodies JF - German Law Journal N2 - This Article comparatively analyses how the prohibition of refoulement is interpreted by United Nations Treaty Bodies (UNTBs) in their individual decision-making, where we suggest they act as “soft courts.” It asks whether UNTBs break ranks with or follow the interpretations of non-refoulement of the European Court of Human Rights. This investigation is warranted because non-refoulement is the single most salient issue that has attracted individual views from UNTBs since 1990. Moreover, our European focus is warranted as nearly half of the cases concern states that are also parties to the European Convention on Human Rights. Based on a multi-dimensional analysis of non-refoulement across an original dataset of over 500 UNTB non-refoulement cases, decided between 1990–2020, as well as pertinent UNTB General Comments, the Article finds that whilst UNTBs, at times, do adopt a more progressive position than their “harder” regional counterpart, there are also instances where they closely follow the interpretations of the European Court of Human Rights and, on occasion, adopt a more restrictive position. This analysis complicates the view that soft courts are likely to be more progressive interpreters than hard courts. It further shows that variations in the interpretation of non-refoulement in a crowded field of international interpreters present risks for evasion of accountability, whereby domestic authorities in Europe may favor the more convenient interpretation, particularly in environments hostile to non-refoulement. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/glj.2020.28 SN - 2071-8322 IS - 21 SP - 355 EP - 384 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Bacik, Ivana ED - Rogan, Mary T1 - Strategic Litigation to Vindicate the Rights of Refugees and Migrants: Pyrrhic Perils and Painstaking Progress T2 - Legal Cases That Changed Ireland Y1 - 2016 SN - 9781905536856 PB - Clarus Press CY - Dublin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Burson, Bruce ED - Cantor, David James T1 - The Search of the Outer Edges of Non-refoulement in Europe T2 - Human Rights and the Refugee Definition: Comparative Legal Practice and Theory N2 - The purpose of this chapter is to examine the relationship between the prohibition on refoulement under human rights law (in particular under the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR)) and protections under international refugee law. It illustrates that the two systems, human rights and refugee law, develop their protections in different modes. I illustrate this divergent development as a riposte to the claim that non-refoulement under human rights law effectively broadens the protection against refoulement in refugee law. Of course, in some ways, that claim is correct, but in other respects human rights non-refoulement is highly limited, particular as regards which rights violations will lead to protection against return. Currently, it tends to focus on Article 3 ECHR, the right not to be subjected to torture, inhuman and degrading treatment. The chapter critiques the outer edges of human rights non-refoulement, in particular the ECtHR’s ‘flagrant breach’ caselaw. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-90-04-28858-4 U6 - https://doi.org//10.1163/9789004288591 SP - 180 EP - 209 PB - Brill | Nijhoff CY - Leiden, Netherlands ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Hancox, Emily ED - Chetail, Vincent ED - Philippe, De Bruycker ED - Maiani, Francesco T1 - The Recast Asylum Procedures Directive: Caught between the Sterotypes of the Abusive Asylum-Seeker and the Vulnerable Refugee T2 - Reforming the Common European Asylum System: The New European Refugee Law N2 - This piece provides a detailed analysis of the Recast Asylum Procedures Directive (Recast APD). Although we are now two decades into harmonization of asylum procedures at the European Union (EU) level, we begin in Part 2 by revisiting the rationale for this process. We contend that the most persuasive rationale for procedural harmonization, in an EU legally committed to refugee protection, is to ensure fair procedures, and to prevent a race to the bottom in procedural standards. Efficiency must serve fairness, not vice versa. The original Asylum Procedures Directive (APD) failed to meet this aim by a long margin. The Recast APD is the product of the new, post-Lisbon legislative environment, so as Part 3 suggests, it comes with high hopes for improvement, particularly given the Parliament’s relatively new role as co-legislator on asylum matters. Our analysis reveals that the Recast APD contains many improvements on its predecessor, but overall our assessment is mixed, particularly if we assess it in terms of the objective of setting clear basic minimum standards of fairness. We attempt to explain this ambivalent outcome by suggesting that the Directive reflects two competing stereotypical views of the asylum seeker. On the one hand, there is a strong notion that asylum procedures must work to weed out ‘abusive’ claims. In contrast, there is also a strong acknowledgement that some asylum seekers are particularly vulnerable or have special needs (as will be seen, different terminologies are used in different contexts). As we argue, these stereotypes create complexity, and crowd out the basic notion of refugee status determination (RSD) as a process for recognising refugees, on the assumption that many (although of course not all) of those who apply will be so recognised. Y1 - 2016 SN - 9789004308664 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004308664 SP - 375 EP - 445 PB - Brill Nijhoff CY - Leiden, Netherlands ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Freedland, Mark A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Freedland, Mark T1 - Migrants at Work and the Division of Labour Law T2 - Migrants at Work: Immigration and Vulnerability in Labour Law N2 - This is the opening chapter of the edited collection Costello & Freedland (eds) Migrants at Work: Immigration and Vulnerability in Labour Law (OUP, 2014). Drawing on the wide-ranging contributions to that collection, it identifies the intersection between migration law and labour law, and explores the analytical and normative significance of that intersection. The fact of immigration, and more particularly the various kinds of status which migration law accords to immigrants, are a source of divisiveness in labour law. Existing divisions within labour law, both between labour law’s objectives and its subjects, are exacerbated, and new divisions created. We do not posit the figure of the migrant as vulnerable, but rather identify how migration law creates vulnerability by distorting the employment relationship. In particular, migration law often increases the dependency between worker and employer, and exacerbates the precariousness of the relationship. We identify the unresolved normative tension between the objectives of expanding employers’ access to migrant workers; protecting the employment prospects and conditions of local worker; and acknowledging the importance of migration for the life chances and even, in some instances, survival of migrants. Various regulatory strategies to overcome these tensions and heal these divisions are explored, across migration, human rights and labour law. Y1 - 2014 SN - 9780198714101 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714101.003.0001 SP - 1 EP - 28 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Migrants and Forced Labour: A Labour Law Response T2 - The Autonomy of Labour Law N2 - In this chapter I illustrate, that immigration law, the immigration process and labour market structures may interact to create vulnerability to forced labour, drawing on empirical studies in the UK. Section II begins with some reflection on labour law’s autonomy. Section III seeks to clarify ‘forced labour’. I examine in turn the binary between ‘free’ and ‘unfree’ labour in political economy, and the notion of a continuum from free labour to the ultimate form of unfreedom, slavery. While both the binary and continuum approaches are illuminating, neither approach entirely befits the legal task of identifying the human rights violation that is forced labour. The distinct legal labels of ‘slavery’, ‘servitude’ and ‘forced labour’ are legal concepts embodying distinctive institutional forms of work relation. This part also explores how prohibitions on trafficking, in contrast, introduce a distinctive, potentially distortive focus on migration control and criminalization into this field. In light of the preceding discussion, Section IV examines how the migration process and immigration law create fertile conditions for forced labour. Some features of immigration law, such as precarious and irregular migration status are liable to increase dependency in work relations, which can induce domination. However, this part also considers how those with secure migration status, namely EU citizens in the UK, are also vulnerable to forced labour. In light of this analysis, Section V then critiques the current legal responses to forced labour. These responses should be of concern to labour lawyers, as they obscure general labour rights concerns, and the regulatory conditions that are fertile for forced labour. The UK exemplifies the tendency to obscure labour law concerns, with a Bill on ‘modern slavery’ going through Parliament at the time of writing, proposing life sentences for those convicted of human trafficking, slavery, forced labour and domestic servitude. The criminal approach focuses on the outcome (the forced labour itself), rather than understanding the laws, practices and regulatory gaps that set up the vulnerability to forced labour. Accordingly, I contrast this criminal law approach with the labour law approach, taking into account the 2014 Protocol to the ILO Convention on Forced Labour. A third approach focuses on human rights law. As currently interpreted, the human rights approach is parasitic on the criminal law approach. I argue that a more progressive (ie orthodox labour law) interpretation of human rights law on forced labour is appropriate and necessary. A labour law approach should ideally entail three main elements, which are briefly sketched here. First, it should insulate labour rights from migration status. Secondly, it should regulate labour intermediaries. Thirdly, it should develop better collective and institutional protections for labour rights. Evidently this is not labour law as we find it in the UK today. However, the evidence of extreme labour exploitation and forced labour demands an urgent revisitation of the norms and institutions of labour law. Y1 - 2015 SN - 9781782254645 PB - Hart Publishing CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Bradley, Kieran ED - Travers, Noel ED - Whelan, Anthony T1 - Child Citizens & De Facto Deportation: Tender Years, Fragile Ties & Security of Residence T2 - Of Courts and Constitutions: Liber Amicorum in Honour of Nial Fennelly N2 - Citizens may not be deported. That proposition is today axiomatic – the age of banishment is no more. Non-deportability is not just a hallmark of citizenship, but constitutive thereof. Not being deportable means to enjoy security of residence in the polity, to belong legally. Taking that as given, when may the foreign parents of citizens of ‘tender years’ be deported? This question has been subject of much constitutional controversy in Ireland and at supranational level. Under some approaches, to remove the parents of a young citizen-child is acknowledged as ‘de facto deportation’ of the children, as it means that the child’s right of residence is ineffective or at best only to be exercised under conditions that are themselves a denial of rights. Yet, that approach is permitted under many Constitutions. The present contribution examines this issue, illustrating the wax and wane of domestic constitutional, EU and ECHR protections. Its purpose is not an exhaustive survey of the case law, but rather to identify the different approaches within and across the different systems. Y1 - 2014 SN - 9781782256014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5040/9781849468404.ch-025 SP - 411 EP - 432 PB - Hart Publishing CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Moreno-Lax, Violeta ED - Peers, Steve ED - Hervey, Tamara ED - Kenner, Jeff ED - Ward, Angela T1 - The Extraterritorial Application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: From Territoriality to Facticity, the Effectiveness Model T2 - Commentary on the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845259055_1700 SP - 1700 EP - 1727 PB - Hart Publishing CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Peers, Steve ED - Tamara, Hervey ED - Kenner, Jeff ED - Ward, Angela T1 - Article 33: Family & Professional Life T2 - The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights - A Commentary Y1 - 2014 SN - 9783845259055 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845259055_934 SP - 934 EP - 969 PB - Hart Publishing CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Ireland’s Nice Referenda JF - European Constitutional Law Review N2 - Part One: Referenda required to amend Irish Constitution. Referenda on accession to EEC, the Single European Act, Maastricht and Amsterdam. Development by courts of rules for fairness of referendum campaigns. Referendum Acts and Referendum Commission. Part Two: First Nice Referendum dominated by euro-anxiety, Irish neutrality and enlargement. Second referendum on same subject not unusual and acceptable according to domestic criteria. Concessions and clarifications. Effect on the Convention on the Future of Europe. Part Three: implications for the Constitutional Treaty. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019605003573 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 357 EP - 382 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - The Asylum Procedures Directive and the Proliferation of Safe Country Practices: Deterrence, Deflection and the Dismantling of International Protection JF - European Journal of Migration Law Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1571816054396842 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 69 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Drake, Sara T1 - State liability in damages in the Irish and UK Courts JF - European Public Law Y1 - 2003 VL - 9 SP - 366 EP - 389 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - The Preliminary Reference Procedure and the 2000 Intergovernmental Conference JF - Dublin University Law Journal Y1 - 1999 VL - 21 SP - 40 EP - 66 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Market Access All Areas – The Treatment of Non-discriminatory Barriers to the Free Movement of Workers JF - Legal Issues on Economic Integration Y1 - 2000 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 267 EP - 277 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Blogg, Alan ED - Collins, Jennifer ED - Freedland, Mark ED - Herring, Jennifer T1 - Victim or Perpetrator? The Criminalised Migrant and the Idea of ‘Harm’ in the Labour Market Context T2 - Criminality at Work N2 - This chapter provides powerful arguments against the criminalization of irregular migration. It does so by testing the extensive criminalization of irregular migrants against standard liberal principles of criminalization. The chapter argues that it is very difficult to identify any direct wrongs or harms to others that arise in virtue of ‘irregular’ migration. Furthermore, a malum prohibitum offence cannot be justified. Against these weak arguments in favour of criminalization, this chapter identifies compelling reasons against criminalization. Criminalization leads to further criminalization, which ultimately undermines both migrants’ and local workers’ fundamental rights. It also blocks discussion of one particularly worker-protective regulatory response to irregular migration, namely regularization. In truth, the criminalization of migrants represents a context where there has been a decisive rupture with liberal principles of criminalization. Y1 - 2020 SN - 9780198836995 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836995.003.0016 SP - 309 EP - 326 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Shachar, Ayelet ED - Bauböck, Rainer ED - Bloemraad, Irene ED - Vink, Maarten T1 - On Refugeehood and Citizenship T2 - Oxford Handbook of Citizenship N2 - This chapter explores the relationship between citizenship and refugeehood. In particular, it examines the extent to which loss of meaningful citizenship defines the predicament of the refugee. It then examines the status of refugee and refugee rights. Thirdly, it considers how refugeehood comes to an end, in particular the role of citizenship (new or restored) in ending refugeehood. Citizenship is formally viewed as bringing refugeehood to an end, whether that emerges as return to the home country or naturalisation in a new state. However, in practice, a new citizenship for many refugees remains out of reach, and the status of refugee often becomes an intergenerational carrier of civic and social exclusion. The reflects the realities of refugee containment, in contrast to the vision of shared responsibility that underpins the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees and the refugee regime. Y1 - 2017 SN - 9780198805854 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198805854.013.31 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - EU Migration and Asylum Law: A Labour Law Perspective T2 - Research Handbook on EU Labour Law N2 - The purpose of this chapter is survey EU migration and asylum law from a labour law perspective. A labour law perspective is concerned with the work relationship, and focuses not only on the worker, but also the employing organisation and any intermediary involved in labour supply. Examining EU migration and asylum law using this multifaceted prism of labour law reveals that EU migration and asylum law has a profound impact on labour law. That impact may be understood has having three different dimensions. (1) It affects the supply and demand for migrant workers. In this sense, migration law can be a form of labour market regulation. (2) migration and asylum law create different migration statuses that in turn determine, at least in part, labour rights. The move to re-introduce status over contract as a determinant of workers’ rights divides the subjects of labour law. (3) Migration status and the fact of migration may be risk factors for labour exploitation. In order to examine these three facets, the particular role of the EU in this field must be explained. Part 1 provides a sketch of the role of states and markets in the regulation of migration. It sets the scene to understand the profound but limited role of the EU in this context. Part 2 examines the status of EU Citizenship, and the forms of liberalised free movement in the EU’s internal market, that principally benefit those who hold the nationality of an EU Member State. I also consider two important derivative statuses for so-called third country nationals (TCNs), who gain EU rights as family members of EU Citizens and so-called ‘posted workers’. Part 3 concerns those TCNs who require permission to live and work in the EU, and provides an overview of some of the different statuses created by EU law, and their labour rights content. Part 4 explores the notion of ‘irregular status’, and the EU Employer Sanctions Directive and the ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Tümer contrasted. In the final part, Part 6, I briefly highlight some features of migration status that are risk factors for labour exploitation. A recent EU Fundamental Rights Agency Report details the links between migration and extreme labour exploitation. Current responses focus unhelpfully on trafficking, or on forced labour, and look in particular to criminal law for solutions. This chapter recalls some responses from within labour law. It is suggested that further research is required into the question of which regulatory approaches and combinations thereof work best to protect migrant workers from exploitation. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783471126.00020 SP - 299 EP - 335 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Mouzourakis, Minos ED - Fletcher, Maria ED - Herlin-Karnell, Ester ED - Matera, Claudio T1 - The Common European Asylum System – Where did it all go wrong? T2 - The European Union as an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Y1 - 2016 SN - 9780367193454 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315738284 SP - 263 EP - 300 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon, Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Freedland, Mark ED - Howe, Joanna ED - Owens, Rosemary T1 - Seasonal Workers and Intra-Corporate Transferees in EU Law: Capital’s Handmaidens? T2 - Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era: The Regulatory Challenges N2 - This chapter compares and contrasts two recent European enactments on particular forms of temporary labour migration: seasonal work and intra-corporate transfers (ICTs). Both the Seasonal Workers Directive (SWD)1 and the ICT Directive (ICTD)2 were adopted in 2014. They are typical of the EU’s piecemeal approach to labour migration, which creates a multiplicity of distinct statuses.3 We frame the comparison in light of our previous work examining the impact of migration law on labour law (section II). By way of general contribution to this collection’s themes, we also offer some observations on the challenges of regulating temporary labour migration under current conditions of globalisation (section III), and seek to explain some of the specificities of the EU’s role in regulating immigration (section IV) Y1 - 2016 SN - 9781509906291 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509906307.ch-002 SP - 43 EP - 64 PB - Hart Publishing CY - Oxford and Portland, Oregon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Tsourdi, Lilian T1 - The Evolution of EU Law on Refugees and Asylum T2 - The Evolution of EU Law N2 - In this contribution, we explore evolution and stasis in EU asylum law and policy. We identify two tensions at the heart of the CEAS, between the commitment to protection and deflection of protection obligations, and between internal mobility within the EU and the immobilization of asylum seekers and refugees. We note the role of these foundational tensions in generating and exacerbating the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015/16. This chapter is premised on a widely-shared understanding of the role of EU asylum policy in that crisis, namely that by illegalizing the travel of asylum seekers and refugees in search of protection, it contributes to the dangerous mass flight, which in turn generates humanitarian and political crises. We then analyse four key dimensions of EU asylum policy in light of these tensions: access to asylum, responsibility-allocation, legislative harmonisation, and institutionalised practical co-operation. Across these four fields, we identify the limits of EU law, and its general stasis, in spite of changes in Treaty telos, law-making processes, and EU enlargement. We briefly consider the role of the CJEU, still very much in the shadow of the ECtHR in asylum, in spite of its numerous rulings on the CEAS. Overall, we demonstrate its fairly minimalist approach in this area, avoidance of controversial cases by dubious use of inadmissibility findings, and failure to catalyse policy changes. Against this backdrop of legislative, political and judicial caution and inertia, we identify two key trends: a move towards greater institutional cooperation, including through the creation of a dedicated agency, the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), and a general flight from law in this policy field. We conclude by considering the likely impact of these trends on EU asylum law. Y1 - 2021 UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3735345 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mouzourakis, Minos A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Tsourdi, Evangelia ED - De Bruycker, Philippe T1 - Effective judicial protection of migrants and refugees? The role of Europes supranational courts in protecting and generating rights T2 - Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law N2 - This chapter examines the caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on access to protection, the Dublin system and presumptions of 'safety', and detention, in order to provide critical insights into the concept of effective judicial protection in Europe since the so-called 'refugee crisis' of 2015. The two courts have not provided effective protection in a transformative sense, in that they have not adopted progressive rulings to overcome the crisis-inducing elements of European asylum and migration law. Instead, they have deferred to governmental accounts of 'crisis' and accepted dubious factual and legal arguments. Against this backdrop, we note that the need for effective judicial protection in even a minimal sense, to hold the line on the most basic of rights in this field - protection against refoulement and arbitrary detention - is more acute than ever, and may also be in decline. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781786439635/book-part-9781786439635-10.xml SN - 9781786439628 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786439635.00010 SP - 79 EP - 97 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - McDonnell, Emilie T1 - The Displacement Regime Complex: Reform for Protection N2 - This working paper aims to examine the ‘displacement regime complex’, displacement referring to both internally and externally displaced persons, taking into account the competing roles of UNHCR and IOM in both spheres of activity. The title of the paper ‘Reform for protection’, aims to outline institutional reforms that aim to increase protection for the displaced, informed by binding universal human rights standards, and institutional principles relating to accountability and participation of most affected populations. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 09 KW - IOM KW - Displacement KW - International Protection KW - UNHCR KW - Refugee Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53209 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5320 ET - No. 09 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Lemay, Isabelle A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM’s Immigration Detention Practices and Policies: Human Rights, Positive Obligations and Humanitarian Duties T2 - IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - This chapter analyses IOM’s practices and policies on immigration detention from the 1990s to date, spanning a period of significant change in its approaches to detention. The chapter first distills pertinent international human rights law (IHRL) on migration-related detention, and then examines IOM’s normative statements concerning detention. It shows that while IOM generally emphasises international legal standards, it also tends to stress states’ ‘prerogative’ to detain, frame alternatives to detention (ATDs) as a desirable option rather than a legal obligation, and weave an operational role for itself, notably through assisted voluntary returns (AVRs). The chapter then interrogates IOM’s involvement in detention through four case studies. These reveal not only IOM’s changing role regarding detention, but its enduring part in a global system whereby powerful states and regions seek to contain protection seekers ‘elsewhere.’ The chapter concludes that, without constitutional and institutional change to ensure it meets its positive human rights obligations, and deeper critical reflection on its humanitarian duties, IOM’s practice risks expanding and legitimating detention. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175.016 SP - 360 EP - 396 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Walawender, Maria A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Moskeland, Annalyse A1 - Palmeiro-Silva, Yasna A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Ali, Zakari A1 - Ameli, Nadia A1 - Angelova, Denitsa A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Basart, Sara A1 - Beagley, Jessica A1 - Beggs, Paul J A1 - Blanco-Villafuerte, Luciana A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Chambers, Jonathan D A1 - Chicmana-Zapata, Victoria A1 - Chu, Lingzhi A1 - Cross, Troy J A1 - van Daalen, Kim R A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Dubrow, Robert A1 - Eckelman, Matthew J A1 - Ford, James D A1 - Freyberg, Chris A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana A1 - Grubb, Michael A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Heidecke, Julian A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Jamart, Louis A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jatkar, Harshavardhan A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Kouznetsov, Rostislav A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Li, Bo A1 - Liu, Yang A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Llabrés-Brustenga, Alba A1 - Lott, Melissa A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Momen, Natalie C A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrisey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - O'Hare, Megan B A1 - Oliveira, Camile A1 - Oreszczyn, Tadj A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia L A1 - Pega, Frank A1 - Perishing, Andrew J A1 - Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina A1 - Ponmattam, Jamie A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Rickman, Jamie A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Rojas-Rueda, David A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Singh, Pratik A1 - Sjödin, Henrik A1 - Slater, Jessica A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Sorensen, Cecilia A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stalhandske, Zélie A1 - Stowell, Jennifer D A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Tong, Daniel A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Treskova, Marina A1 - Trinanes, Joaquin A A1 - Uppstu, Andreas A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Warnecke, Laura A1 - Whitcombe, Hannah A1 - Xian, Peng A1 - Zavaleta-Cortijo, Carol A1 - Zhang, Chi A1 - Zhang, Ran A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Zhang, Ying A1 - Zhu, Qiao A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01822-1 SN - 0140-6736 VL - 404 IS - 10465 SP - 1847 EP - 1896 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Briddick, Catherine A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Supreme Judgecraft: Non-Refoulement and the end of the UK-Rwanda ‘deal’? T2 - Verfassungsblog KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/6ac71ea278f0af98 IS - 2023/11/20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Napoli, Claudia di A1 - Green, Carole A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Walawender, Maria A1 - Ali, Zakari A1 - Ameli, Nadia A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Beggs, Paul J A1 - Belesova, Kristine A1 - Berrang Ford, Lea A1 - Bowen, Kathryn A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Chambers, Jonathan A1 - Cross, Troy J A1 - van Daalen, Kim R A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Dominguez-Salas, Paula A1 - Dubrow, Robert A1 - Ebi, Kristie L A1 - Eckelman, Matthew A1 - Ekins, Paul A1 - Freyberg, Chris A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana A1 - Graham, Hilary A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Heidecke, Julian A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Jamart, Louis A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Kouznetsov, Rostislav A1 - Larosa, Francesca A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Liu, Yang A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Lott, Melissa A1 - Lotto Batista, Martín A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - Odhiambo Sewe, Maquins A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan C A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Momen, Natalie C A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Neville, Tara A1 - Nilsson, Maria A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - O'Hare, Megan B A1 - Oliveira, Camile A1 - Oreszczyn, Tadj A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia A1 - Pega, Frank A1 - Pershing, Andrew A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Rickman, Jamie A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth J Z A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Silbert, Grant A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stowell, Jennifer D A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Thompson, Ross A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Treskova, Marina A1 - Trinanes, Joaquin A A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Warnecke, Laura A1 - Whitcombe, Hannah A1 - Winning, Matthew A1 - Wyns, Arthur A1 - Yglesias-González, Marisol A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Zhang, Ying A1 - Zhu, Qiao A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01859-7 VL - 402 IS - 10419 SP - 2346 EP - 2394 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Walawender, Maria A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Moskeland, Annalyse A1 - Palmeiro-Silva, Yasna A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Smallcombe, James W A1 - Abdullah, Sabah A1 - Ades, Melanie A1 - Al-Maruf, Abdullah A1 - Ameli, Nadia A1 - Angelova, Denitsa A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Ballester, Joan A1 - Basagaña, Xavier A1 - Bechara, Hannah A1 - Beggs, Paul J A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Charnley, Gina E C A1 - Courtenay, Orin A1 - Cross, Troy J A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Eckelman, Matthew A1 - Freyberg, Chris A1 - Garcia Corral, Paulina A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Giguere, Joseph A1 - Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana A1 - Gumy, Sophie A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Heidecke, Julian A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Pantera, Dafni Kalatzi A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Koubi, Vally A1 - Kouznetsov, Rostislav A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Li, Bo A1 - Linke, Andrew A1 - Liu, Yang A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - Ma, Siqi A1 - Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe A1 - Maia, Carla A1 - Markandya, Anil A1 - Martin, Greta A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Momen, Natalie C A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrisey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - Orgen, Papa A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia L A1 - Pega, Frank A1 - Pershing, Andrew J A1 - Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina A1 - Ponmattam, Jamie A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Repke, Tim A1 - Roa, Jorge A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Rojas-Rueda, David A1 - Ruiz-Cabrejos, Jorge A1 - Rusticucci, Matilde A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - San José Plana, Adrià A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Singh, Pratik A1 - Sjödin, Henrik A1 - Smith, Matthew R A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Sorensen, Cecilia A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stowell, Jennifer D A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Tartarini, Federico A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Treskova, Marina A1 - Trinanes, Joaquin A A1 - Uppstu, Andreas A1 - Valdes-Ortega, Nicolas A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Watts, Nick A1 - Whitcombe, Hannah A1 - Wood, Richard A1 - Yang, Pu A1 - Zhang, Ying A1 - Zhang, Shaohui A1 - Zhang, Chi A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Zhu, Qiao A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1 VL - 406 IS - 10521 SP - 2804 EP - 2857 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - Wriedt, Vera ED - Chetail, Vincent T1 - Regional Human Rights Courts T2 - Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Migration and Asylum Law Y1 - 2025 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802204155.00085 SP - 461 EP - 467 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER -