TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Private Voluntary Organizations and Development in West Africa: Comparative Perspective T2 - The nonprofit sector in international perspective : studies in comparative culture and policy Y1 - 1989 SN - 0195056299 SP - 339 EP - 357 PB - Oxford University Press CY - New York u.a. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Indigenous Voluntary Associations, Non-Profits and Development in Africa T2 - The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook Y1 - 1987 SN - 9780300109030 SP - 416 EP - 433 PB - Yale Univ. Press CY - New Haven, CT ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - "Mittelschichten: Afrika" T2 - Pipers Wörterbuch zur Politik 6 Y1 - 1987 SP - 352 EP - 353 PB - Piper Verlag CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Neidhardt, Friedhelm T1 - The Nazi Party and its Capital: An Analysis of the NSDAP Membership in Munich, 1925-1930 JF - American Behavioral Scientist N2 - This article examines the membership profile of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) in Munich, the party's birthplace and political, administrative, and financial center of power. On the basis of an analysis of more than 4,000 members listed in the local NSDAP Membership Register between 1925 and 1930, the authors arrive at four major findings: (a) Party membership expanded slowly but more or less continuously; (b) membership was dispersed fairly evenly across city districts, with no major concentrations of Nazi members; (c) membership was distributed widely and relatively evenly across occupational groups and social statuses, although some occupations showed a higher percentage of Nazi memberships; (d) the proportion of female members in 1925 was relatively high but falls to much lower levels by 1930. These findings are discussed in the context of current scholarship of the changing class, age, and gender composition of the Nazi Party before 1933. Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764298041009004 SN - 1552-3381 VL - 41 IS - 9 SP - 1219 EP - 1236 PB - Sage Publications CY - Los Angeles [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Rudney, Gabriel T1 - An Input-Output Analysis of the Nonprofit Sector in the USA and Germany JF - Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics N2 - This paper presents an exploratory input–output analysis of the nonprofit sectors in former West Germany and the USA based on the conceptual and data structure provided by the System of National Accounts. When compared with the USA, the West German nonprofit sector catered more to government demands. A higher proportion of West German nonprofit services went to government and a smaller proportion went to households. In terms of the multiplier effect of nonprofit output, we find that an additional dollar of nonprofit services delivered to households and/or government induced indirectly an additional 83 cents of business output in the USA. By comparison, West Germany’s nonprofit sector had a lower multiplier effect, with 43 Pfennig per DM1. We also find that businesses have a much larger stake in nonprofit production as intermediate suppliers when compared to their role as intermediate consumers. The economic position the nonprofit sector occupies in both countries is that of a producing sector, taking inputs from businesses and providing outputs for households and governments. This general structural characteristic suggests that the nonprofit sector is particularly sensitive to changes in government policies as well as to shifts in private household incomes, yet relatively insensitive to demand changes in other industries. Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00071 SN - 1467-8292 VL - 69 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 31 PB - Springer CY - Hoboken (N.J.) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Social Origins of Civil Society: Explaining the Nonprofit Sector Cross-Nationally JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Recent research has usefully documented the contribution that nonprofit organizations make to “social capital” and to the economic and political development it seems to foster. Because of a gross lack of basic comparative data, however, the question of what it is that allows such organizations to develop remains far from settled. This article seeks to remedy this by testing five existing theories of the nonprofit sector against data assembled on eight countries as part of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project. The five theories are: (a) government failure/market failure theory; (b) supply-side theory; (c) trust theories; (d) welfare state theory; and (e) interdependence theory. The article finds none of these theories adequate to explain the variations among countries in either the size, the composition, or the financing of the nonprofit sector. On this basis it suggests a new theoretical approach to explaining patterns of nonprofit development among countries—the “social origins” approach—which focuses on broader social, political, and economic relationships. Using this theory, the article identifies four “routes” of third-sector development (the liberal, the social democratic, the corporatist, and the statist), each associated with a particular constellation of class relationships and pattern of state-society relations. The article then tests this theory against the eight-country data and finds that it helps make sense of anomalies left unexplained by the prevailing theories. KW - Nonprofit theory KW - Social origins theory KW - Comparative methodology KW - Cross-national comparisons Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022058200985 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 213 EP - 248 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - On Developing Comparative Nonprofit-Sector Theory: A Reply to Steinberg and Young, and Ragin JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Responding to comments on “Social Origins of Civil Society,” an article published in this issue of Voluntas, this article focuses on three critical issues that underlie cross-national theory building and theory testing in the field of nonprofit studies: the issue of definitions, the challenge of operationalizing key theoretical concepts, and the nature of the tests available to verify results. Regarding the first, the article defends the structural-operational definition used in The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project against suggestions by the commentators that it either be expanded or narrowed, arguing that the alternative is either to broaden the focus beyond what is manageable or to make the basic yardstick vulnerable to changing political and policy shifts—a sure prescription for confusion. Regarding the question of operationalization, the article concedes that better measures of some key features of prevailing theories might be imaginable, but, since few of these are available, it cautions against letting the best become the enemy of the good in cross-national nonprofit theory testing. Finally, the article finds, in suggestions that multivariate techniques be used in testing various nonprofit theories, confirmation of its central argument that a contextual analysis of the sort embodied in the authors' “social origins” approach is needed to come to terms with the reality of the nonprofit sector cross-nationally. Taken together these comments underline the need to continue the kind of systematic data gathering and theory testing that the authors have undertaken, to utilize an interdisciplinary approach, and to link the study of the nonprofit sector to social analysis more generally. KW - Nonprofit theory KW - Comparative history KW - Social origins theory KW - Democratic theory KW - Cross-national comparative analysis KW - Comparative methodology KW - Civil society Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022014418732 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 271 EP - 281 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - The Civil Society Sector JF - Society N2 - Salamon and Anheier bring the civil society sector - the plethora of private, nonprofit, and nongovernmental organizations that have emerged in recent decades - into better focus conceptually as well as empirically. They draw on the results of a major inquiry into the scope, structure, financing and role of the "nonprofit sector" in a broad cross-section of countries around the world. KW - Private sector KW - Nonprofit organizations KW - Cross cultural studies KW - Society Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823101 SN - 0147-2011 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 60 EP - 65 PB - Springer Science & Business Media CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - ‘Clean Models of Individual Rationality’ vs. ‘Dirty Hands of Institutions’: William Brustein’s Sociology of Nazism JF - American Journal of Sociology Y1 - 1997 SN - 0002-9602 VL - 103 IS - 1 SP - 199 EP - 209 PB - University of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Sokolowski, S. Wojtech T1 - The implications of government funding for non-profit organizations: three propositions JF - International Journal of Public Sector Management N2 - While the state dependency thesis seems widely accepted among students of the German non‐profit sector, there is surprisingly little research that has systematically explored its empirical base and conceptual validity. Attempts to remedy this situation and offers an initial empirical examination of this thesis. Examines the extent and pattern of state funding of the German non‐profit sector and develops three propositions, each adopting a different explanatory focus, which are then analysed with the help of data taken from a sample survey of West German non‐profit organizations. Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/09513559710166057 SN - 0951-3558 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 190 EP - 213 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Priller, Eckhard A1 - Zimmer, Annette T1 - Der Nonprofit Sektor in den neuen Bundesländern: Kontinuität, Neuanfang oder Kopie? JF - Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen: ZögU Y1 - 1997 SN - 0344-9777 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 58 EP - 76 PB - Nomos-Verl.-Ges. CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Ben-Ner, Avner T1 - Shifting Boundaries: Long-term changes in the size of the for-profit, nonprofit, cooperative and government sectors JF - Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics Y1 - 1997 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00050 SN - 1467-8292 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 335 EP - 353 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken (N.J.) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Ben-Ner, Avner T1 - Grenzverschiebungen: langfristige Veränderungen des Umfangs von gewinnorientiertem, Nonprofit-, genossenschaftlichem und staatlichem Sektor JF - Zeitschrift für Gemeinwirtschaft Y1 - 1997 SN - 1562-4021 VL - 3-4 SP - 30 EP - 49 PB - Lischkar CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Acknowledgement of Literary Influence: A Structural Analysis of a German Literary Network JF - Sociological Forum N2 - This paper analyzes a characteristic syndrome of modern literature identified as “anxiety of influence” by literary critics and as “mania for originality” by art historians. Based on a sociological reformulation of the syndrome as it relates to the structure of acknowledged influence, the paper develops and tests several hypotheses. Data are based on a survey of West German writers and are analyzed by using clustering techniques and correspondence analysis. First, the analysis demonstrates the fragmented and non-hierarchical structure of acknowledged literary influence. Second, the different types of influence (absence distinctiveness, and clusterability) correspond to different professional and literary characteristics of writers. Results highlight one of the contradictions between the cultural code and the professional structure of modern art: at the level of ideology, greatness and genius are equated with the absence of influence and artistic uniqueness. The analysis shows, however, that the denial/absence of acknowledged influence is found among writers who are excluded from the professional networks where reputations are made in the world of literature. KW - Seciology of literature KW - Literary influence KW - Literary traditions KW - Social position of writers KW - Social structure of modern literature Y1 - 1991 SN - 0884-8971 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 156 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen T1 - Literary Myths and Social Structure JF - Social Forces N2 - The lives of writers are subject to a variety of myths. This article shows that such cultural perceptions of writers bear a close affinity to the social structure of literature in modern societies. Two structural properties seem to encourage the proliferation of myths about writers: (1) the existence of a group of prominent writers who occupy unique social positions and form an amorphous elite and (2) the relation between the elite and the large group of lesser-known, peripheral writers. Elite amorphousness and high relational density among the elite and peripheral "groupness" and sparseness of literary relations among the periphery emerge as two major properties of the social structure. These counterintuitive properties are useful in understanding myth generation in literature; they allow for competing "views" of the social structure, views that seem to develop into contradictory myths of the modern writer. Data on several types of ties among writers were collected and analyzed with block model techniques. KW - Writers KW - Social structures KW - Poetry KW - Authors KW - Folk culture KW - High culture KW - Cultural customs KW - Social networking KW - Literary criticism KW - Prophets Y1 - 1991 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2307/2579476 VL - 69 IS - 3 SP - 811 EP - 830 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Priller, Eckhard T1 - The Nonprofit Sector in East Germany: Before and After Unification JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - The paper describes how the non-profit sector in East Germany has passed through several distinct phases in recent years. It shows how the role of the non-profit sector under the system of party dominance and centralised economic and social planning signified a major contradiction of East German society: the artificial under-development of civic society in eastern Europe's most successful economy. During the first phase of the transition period in late 1989, the expression and manifestation of political views was predominant. With the disintegration of the socialist party-state, the needs for social service provision increased. West German organisations have increasingly become the dominant factor in East German non-profit sector affairs. The paper argues that the East German non-profit sector will emerge as a slightly poorer and more secular version of its West German counterpart. Y1 - 1991 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01398530 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 78 EP - 94 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - DiMaggio, Paul T1 - A nonprofit szervezetek es a nonprofit sector szociologiaja JF - Nonprofit Kutatask Y1 - 1991 N1 - Ungarische Übersetzung / Hungarian translation VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 84 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Themes in International Research on Non-Profit Organizations JF - The Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly N2 - This article outlines major characteristics of the nonprofit sector in civil law, common law, socialist countries, and developing countries. Largely based on an international directory of nonprofit sector research, the article introduces common and country-specific research themes on the nonprofit sector in a comparative perspective. The article concludes by delineating several implications for research in the areas of taxonomy, measurement, intersectoral relations, and comparative institutional history. Y1 - 1990 SN - 0899-7640 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 371 EP - 391 PB - Sage CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Zur internationalen Forschung über den Nonprofit-Sektor: Themen und Ansätze JF - Journal für Sozialforschung KW - Dritter Sektor KW - Nonprofit-Organisation KW - Soziologie KW - Theorie Y1 - 1990 SN - 0253-3995 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 163 EP - 180 PB - Sozialwissenschaftliche Studiengesellschaft CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - DiMaggio, Paul T1 - The Sociology of Nonprofit Organizations and Sectors JF - Annual Review of Sociology N2 - Interest in and research on nonprofit organizations and sectors have developed rapidly in recent years. Much of this work by sociologists has focussed on particular subsectors rather than on nonprofits as a class. This review attempts to extract from a large and varied literature a distinctively sociological perspective on nonprofits, which it contrasts to influential work in economics. Two questions—“Why (and where) are there nonprofit organizations” and “What difference does nonprofitness make?”—are addressed at the levels of organization, industry, and firm. Three central conclusions, each with research implications, emerge from this review: (a) The origins and behavior nonprofit organizations reflect institutional factors and state policies as well as the social-choice processes and utility functions emphasized by economists. (b) Understandingth e origins of nonprofit sectors and behavioral differences between nonprofits and for-profit or government organizations requires an industry-level ecological perspective. (c) “Nonprofitness” has no single transhistorical or transnational meaning; nonprofit-sector functions, origins, and behavior reflect specific legal definitions, cultural inheritances, and state policies in different national societies. KW - Organizations KW - Nonprofit KW - Voluntary sector KW - Institutions Y1 - 1990 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.001033 SN - 0360-0572 VL - 16 SP - 137 EP - 159 PB - Annual Reviews CY - Palo Alto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Knapp, Martin T1 - Voluntas: an editorial statement JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations Y1 - 1990 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01398488 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen T1 - The Literary Field: An Empirical Investigation of Bourdieu's Sociology of Art JF - International Sociology N2 - Bourdieu describes the structure of society as a result of class conflicts and status competition. Art in general, and the literary field in particular, is interpreted as a differentiated social field that is autonomous in the sense that it follows its own logic - the competition for cultural legitimation. What literature has in common with other social systems is the stratification of its internal structure into a hierarchical arrangement. Thus the literary field can be described as a horizontally differentiated system that is, however, vertically differentiated internally. The concern of the paper is to test Bourdieu's theoretical considerations empirically. Data for the analysis and interpretation are based on interviews of Cologne writers. The data are analysed with the aid of blockmodel and correspondence analysis. As far as the data allows us to operationalise the thesis that the literary field is an autonomous differentiated system, Bourdieu's thesis is confirmed. The internal structure can be described more precisely: the first line of demarcation is, in fact, the difference that Bourdieu described between legitimate and illegitimate art: high-culture literature and low-culture literature are the two poles of the literary field. The realm of the legitimate literature is further differentiated into three blocks (elite, junior elite, periphery). The elite and the periphery differ in terms of the different degrees of success. The junior elite occupies an intermediate place. Bourdieu's sociology of literature is supported by the empirical material at hand. Y1 - 1989 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/026858089004002002 SN - 0268-5809 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 131 EP - 146 PB - Sage CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Structural analysis and strategic research design: Studying politicized interorganizational networks JF - Sociological Forum N2 - Network analysis and structural sociology have given relatively little attention to questions of research design and data collection. This paper discusses the substantive implications of conducting structural analysis with more intensive work on research design and data collection. Based on evidence from a case study of a politicized social structure, the major features of strategic research design are presented in a discussion of cognitive and behavioral data, types of ties, multiplexity, and access restrictions. Y1 - 1987 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01106627 SN - 0884-8971 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 563 EP - 582 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Kendall, Jeremy T1 - Interpersonal trust and voluntary associations: examining three approaches JF - BJS: British Journal of Sociology N2 - The relationship between interpersonal trust and membership in voluntary associations is a persistent research finding in sociology. What is more, the notion of trust has become a central issue in current social science theorizing covering such diverse approaches as transaction costs economics or cognitive sociology. In different ways and for different purposes, these approaches address the role of voluntary organizations, although, as this paper argues, much of this thinking remains sketchy and underdeveloped. Against an empirical portrait of this relationship, the purpose of this paper is to assess such theorizing. We first set out to explicate major approaches to trust in economics, sociology and political science, using the non-profit or voluntary organization as a focal point. We then examine the various approaches in terms of their strengths and weaknesses, and, finally, identify key areas for theoretical development. In particular, we point to the social movement literature, the social psychology of trust, and recent thinking about civil society. Y1 - 2002 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0007131022000000545 SN - 1468-4446 VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 343 EP - 362 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan T1 - Bürgerschaftliches Engagement in Europa JF - APuZ: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte Y1 - 2002 UR - http://www.bpb.de/apuz/27074/buergerschaftliches-engagement-in-europa?p=0 SN - 0479-611X VL - 9 SP - 31 EP - 38 PB - Societäts-Verl. CY - Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Priller, Eckhard A1 - Zimmer, Annette T1 - Civil Society in Transition: The East German Third Sector Ten Years After Unification JF - East European Politics and Societies N2 - This paper examines two competing views that have been put forward about the East German third sector. One view sees the third sector in East Germany as an expression of civil society, rooted in an emerging democratic culture, and based on a broadening social participation. According to the other view, the East German third sector is largely an extension of West German organisations that, in the process of “peaceful colonisation,” created “organisational shells” without a corresponding “embeddedness” in local society. The paper suggests that the way the policy of subsidiarity has been implemented in Germany may help account for such competing interpretations: subsidiarity has created tendencies toward a bipartite third sector, with each part differing in size, scope and financial structure. One part is relatively well funded and state-supported, the other characterized by small organisations and membership orientation. The unification process has amplified these tendencies, which, in the context of public austerity budgets, are having repercussions on the system of financing non-profit organisations as a whole. Thus, compared to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe the emerging third sector in East Germany is unique. Y1 - 2000 SN - 0888-3254 N1 - Available as Working Paper: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29056/1/CSWP_15.pdf VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 139 EP - 156 PB - SAGE Publications ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Dimensions of the Third Sector: Comparative Perspectives on Structure and Change JF - Journal of Youth Studies N2 - Cross-nationally, the introduction of New Public Management coincides with a significant growth phase of the nonprofit or third sector. This growth has disproportionately been an expansion of the economic dimensions (employment, turnover) and basically involved the greater use of third sector organisations as service providers. Such provision uses complex contract regimes, and typically takes place in some form of public-private partnership with either public or private funding agencies. Other parts of the third sector such as membership, volunteering and giving have generally grown less. The paper suggests that the sector is becoming qualitatively different, although the nature and strength of this change depends on the nonprofit regime type in a given country. Generally, however, third sector growth has led to differentiation processes that involve new organisational forms, and changes in activities and overall composition. The paper explores the measurement aspects of the quantitative-qualitative jump in third sector development by trying to "map" changes in core facts or dimensions over time. In closing, the paper suggests to examine recombination and refunctionality processes in the third sector. Y1 - 2001 SN - 1367-6261 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 3 EP - 27 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - Jarfalla ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Neidhardt, Friedhelm A1 - Vortkamp, Wolfgang T1 - Konjunkturen der NS-Bewegung: Eine Untersuchung der Veranstaltungsaktivitäten der Münchener NSDAP, 1925-1930 JF - KZfSS: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Y1 - 1999 SN - 0023-2653 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 619 EP - 643 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Der Dritte Sektor im internationalen Vergleich: Ökonomische und zivilgesellschaftliche Dimensionen von Nonprofit-Organisationen JF - BJS: Berliner Journal für Soziologie Y1 - 1999 SN - 0863-1808 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 197 EP - 212 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Priller, Eckhard A1 - Zimmer, Annette T1 - Der Dritte Sektor in Deutschland JF - APuZ: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte Y1 - 1999 SN - 0479-611X VL - 99 IS - 9 SP - 12 EP - 21 PB - Societäts-Verl. CY - Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Kendall, Jeremy T1 - The third sector and the European Union policy process: an initial evaluation JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - The third, voluntary or non-profit sector has recently emerged as a recognized actor in the EU policy process. Yet, at the same time, most of the initiatives associated with it have been characterized by inertia, delays and perceived low salience from the perspective of many of the leading actors involved. This article represents a first attempt to explore and explain this situation, drawing upon Kingdon's 'independent streams' approach. Five interrelated third sector policy initiatives are discussed: the European Association Statute; Declaration 23 attached to the Maastricht Treaty; a 1997 Communication dealing with the role of associations and foundations in Europe; the third sector's involvement in the Structural Funds; and the third sector's role in overseas development. KW - Associations KW - European Policy Process KW - Overseas Development KW - Structural Funds KW - Ngo Or Non-profit Sector Y1 - 1999 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/135017699343720 SN - 1350-1763 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 283 EP - 307 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Volunteering in Cross-National Perspective: Initial Comparisons JF - Law and Contemporary Problems N2 - Anheier and Salamon shed some light on volunteering in different parts of the world by exploring the conceptions and patterns of voluntary action cross-nationally. As a cultural and economic phenomenon, volunteering is part of the way societies are organized, how they allocate social responsibilities, and how much engagement and participation they expect from citizens. Y1 - 1999 UR - http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/lcp/vol62/iss4/3 SN - 0023-9186 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 43 EP - 66 PB - School of Law, Duke Univ. CY - Durham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Neidhardt, Friedhelm A1 - Vortkamp, Wolfgang T1 - Movement Cycles and the Nazi Party: Activities of the Munich NSDAP, 1925-1930 JF - American Behavioral Scientist N2 - Following insights of social movement theory, this article looks at movement cycles in the initial development of the Nazi Party. Specifically, it explores the framing strategies the party employed in trying to make efficient use of opportunity structures in the political discourse of the late 1920s. On the basis of a content analysis of the official party newspaper, the authors analyze the topics of political events and speeches the Nazi Party organized in Munich between 1925 and 1930. The results show that after 1928, the Nazi Party managed to achieve a coherent set of themes around economic and political issues that may have facilitated its rise to power. Y1 - 1998 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764298041009006 SN - 1552-3381 VL - 41 IS - 9 SP - 1262 EP - 1281 PB - Sage Publications CY - Los Angeles [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Rudney, Gabriel A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Non-profit institutions in the United Nations System of National Accounts: country applications of SNA guidelines JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Based on a description of how non-profit institutions are defined in the System of National Accounts, this paper examines the actual treatment of non-profit institutions in several countries, and comes up with an overall assessment in terms of coverage and data quality. Finding both data coverage and quality poor across countries, we make two recommendations aimed at improving the presentation and understanding of non-profit institutions within the SNA. First, we suggest the introduction of a system by which non-profit institutions can be identified within the system of national accounts even if they are allocated to other sectors of the economy. Second, we recommend a wider use of satellite accounts in industries where non-profit institutions are prominent. Y1 - 1993 SN - 0957-8765 N1 - Auch erschienen als / Also published as: Salamon, Lester M. and Helmut K. Anheier: The Nonprofit Sector and the United Nations System of Accounts: Definition, Treatment and Practice. Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 4. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, 1992 http://ccss.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2011/09/CNP_WP4_1992.pdf VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 486 EP - 501 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Measuring the Non-profit Sector Cross-Nationally: A Comparative Methodology JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - As a result in part of the way non-profit institutions are defined and treated in the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA), little is known about the size, scope, financial base and role of this set of institutions at the international level, even though their importance is increasingly being recognised throughout the world. To remedy this significant lack of systematic information on non-profit institutions cross-nationally, the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project has undertaken a major analysis of the economic role of this sector in twelve countries throughout the world, utilising a more meaningful definition of the sector and an approach that is otherwise consistent with the overall thrust of the SNA system. This paper outlines the basis of the more inclusive definition of the non-profit sector embodied in this project, the classification system formulated to structure data-gathering on this more broadly-defined sector and the data assembly strategy developed to build up key estimates of the scale, structure and revenue sources of the non-profit sector in the project countries. The article concludes with a recommendation to incorporate a similar approach to the assembly of data on the non-profit sector into the ongoing SNA system on a regular basis. Y1 - 1993 SN - 0957-8765 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 530 EP - 554 PB - Springer CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Economic Environment and Differentiation: A Comparative Study of Informal Sector Economies in Nigeria JF - World Development N2 - The paper examines the relative importance and source of informal sector differentiation in terms of firm characteristics and business behavior. Based on data from metal and wood-processing firms in the Nigerian cities of Lagos and Ibadan, the paper investigates branch-specific and locational differences among firms. Using multivariate analysis, the study demonstrates the primacy of the larger economic environment in which informal sector firms operate. and shows that locational factors are better predictors of firm characteristics and business behavior than industry-specific factors. The results suggest a shift in focus from economic sectors to regional economics. Implications for research and policy are discussed. Y1 - 1992 SN - 0305-750X VL - 20 IS - 11 SP - 1573 EP - 1585 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Genese und Schwerpunkte internationaler Forschung zum Nonprofit-Sektor : von der Filer-Kommission zum Johns-Hopkins-Projekt JF - Neue Soziale Bewegung Y1 - 1992 SN - 0933-9361 VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 40 EP - 48 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Romo, Frank P. T1 - Modelle strukturellen Versagens in Policy-Netzwerken JF - Journal für Sozialforschung Y1 - 1992 SN - 0253-3995 VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 33 EP - 60 PB - Zentrum CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - Toward an understanding of the international nonprofit sector: The Johns Hopkins comparative nonprofit sector project JF - Nonprofit Management and Leadership Y1 - 1992 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.4130020310 SN - 1542-7854 N1 - Auch erschienen als / Also published as: Salamon, Lester M. and Helmut K. Anheier: Toward an International Understanding of the Nonprofit Sector. Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, 1992 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 311 EP - 324 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken (N.J.) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - In Search of the Nonprofit Sector I: The Question of Definitions JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - In this paper we argue that the lack of attention to the third sector historically is primarily a result of the weakness and limitations of the concepts that are used to define and describe it. The purpose of this article is to remedy this situation by developing a general definition of the sector that can be used in comparative research. To do so, the article first identifies four alternative types of definitions that are potentially available and evaluates each in terms of three basic criteria. On this basis it concludes that the most useful definition is the ‘structural/operational’ one, which includes in the non-profit sector organisations that share five basic characteristics. These are: formal, private, non-profit-distributing, self-governing and voluntary. The basic definition is then tested against the realities of three disparate countries and found to perform quite well. On this basis we recommend the structural/operational definition, particularly for comparative, crossnational research. Y1 - 1992 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397770 SN - 0957-8765 N1 - Auch erschienen als / Also published as: Salamon, Lester M. and Helmut K. Anheier: In Search of the Nonprofit Sector I: The Question of Definitions. Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 2. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, 1992 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 151 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Salamon, Lester M. T1 - In Search of the Nonprofit Sector II: The Problem of Classification JF - Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - Building on a previousVoluntas article (Salamon and Anheier, 1992b), which formulated a systematic approach to defining the non-profit sector for purposes of comparative research, this article takes on the complementary task of formulating a classification system that can be used to differentiate systematically the types of non-profit organisations that exist at the global level. To do so, the article first assesses a number of existing classification systems, such as the International Standard Industrial Classification and the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities. Finding these systems inadequate, the article then introduces an alternative system, which we term the International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations (ICNPO). The ICNPO classifies non-profit establishments into 12 major groups based on their primary economic activity, and then further sub-divides these into 24 sub-groups. The result is a system that scores high in terms of five key evaluation criteria: economy, significance, rigour, organising power, and richness. What is more, initial tests of the ICNPO in a set of countries show that it performs well in coming to terms with the diverse types of non-profit institutions that exist around the world. Y1 - 1992 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397460 SN - 0957-8765 N1 - Auch erschienen als / Also published as: Salamon, Lester M. and Helmut K. Anheier: Search of the Nonprofit Sector II: The Problem of Classification. Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 3. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, 1992 http://ccss.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2011/09/CNP_WP3_1993.pdf VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 267 EP - 309 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Employment and Earnings in the West German Nonprofit Sector: Structure and Trends 1970-1987 JF - Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics Y1 - 1991 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1991.tb01373.x SN - 1467-8292 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 673 EP - 694 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken (N.J.) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Las Fundaciones en Alemania: Este y Oste JF - Economistas Y1 - 1991 SN - 0212-4386 VL - 51 SP - 28 EP - 41 PB - Colegio de Economistas de Madrid CY - Madrid ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Organizational Failures and Bankruptcies: What are the Issues? JF - American Behavioral Scientist Y1 - 1996 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764296039008002 VL - 39 IS - 8 SP - 950 EP - 958 PB - Sage CY - Los Angeles [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Romo, Frank P. T1 - Success and Failure in Institutional Development: A Network Approach JF - American Behavioral Scientist N2 - This article employs a network approach to analyze two competing perspectives on success and failure patterns in organizational development: Michels's oligarchy thesis, which predicts that successful organizations are characterized by an elite that dominates marginal members, and Olson's free rider thesis, which posits that success depends on the extent to which marginal participants can benefit from public goods provided by a small group of highly active members. Using blockmodel analysis, we explore both perspectives in the context of interorganizational networks among private development organizations in Africa and examine underlying motivations of participation. In an effort to understand contextual effects, we add qualitative observations of both networks. Although overall our results support Michels's oligarchy thesis, we find that contextual factors and path dependencies can override interorganizational dynamics that would otherwise lead to either success or failure. Thus our results support key aspects of neoinstitutionalism in organizational studies. Y1 - 1996 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764296039008009 SN - 1552-3381 VL - 39 IS - 8 SP - 1057 EP - 1079 PB - Sage Publications CY - Los Angeles [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Ohlemacher, Thomas T1 - Aktivisten, Netzwerke und Bewegungserfolg: Die "Einzelmitglieder" der NSDAP 1925-30 JF - KZfSS: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Y1 - 1996 SN - 0023-2653 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 677 EP - 703 PB - VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Gerhards, Jürgen A1 - Romo, Frank P. T1 - Forms of Capital and Social Structure in Cultural Fields: Examining Bourdieu's Social Topography JF - American Journal of Sociology N2 - This article tests one key assumption of Bourdieu's theory of culture fields: that actors are positioned in a "topography" of social relations according to their endowments of economic, social, and cultural capital. Blockmodeling procedures are used to analyze data on German writers and to indentify a social structure in which positions vary according to the types and amounts of capital accumulated. A strong split between elite and marginal writers dominates the social structure, and even the fundamental distinction between high and low culture is embedded in this bipartition. Significant differences in both cultural and social capital distinguish elite from nonelite positions; within this bipartition, pronounced differences in cultural capital separate high and low culture. Relative to cultural and social capital, economic capital plays a lesser role in understanding the social structure of cultural fields. KW - Economic capital KW - High culture KW - Writers KW - Social structures KW - Social capital KW - Literary criticism KW - Corporate culture KW - Cultural customs KW - Authors KW - Cultural groups Y1 - 1995 SN - 0002-9602 VL - 100 IS - 4 SP - 859 EP - 903 PB - University of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Nonprofit Sector Theories: Three Issues JF - Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly Y1 - 1995 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409502400104 SN - 1552-7395 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 23 PB - Sage Publications CY - Los Angeles [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Quatre Aspects de la Recherche Comparative sur le Secteur Sans But Lucratif JF - Recma: Revue internationale de l'économie sociale Y1 - 1995 SN - 1626-1682 VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 59 EP - 68 PB - Association Recma CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Vergleichende Forschung zum Nonprofit-Sektor : vier Fragestellungen JF - Journal für Sozialforschung N2 - "Der vorliegende Beitrag bespricht vier zentrale Fragestellungen im Bereich der neueren internationalen und komparativen Forschung zum Nonprofit-Sektor. Erstens geht es um die Definition des Nonprofit-Sektors und der damit verbundenen Fragen des eigentlichen Gegenstandes der Nonprofit-Sektor-Forschung; zweitens wird auf die Neubewertung vorhandener ökonomischer Theorien hingewiesen, die als notwendig erscheint, um über die derzeitige Impasse in der Theorie hinauszugelangen; drittens wird in diesem Zusammenhang das Potential der neueren institutionellen Organisationstheorie herausgestellt; und letztlich wird auf das Verhältnis zwischen Nonprofit-Sektor, Zivilgesellschaft und Demokratie eingegangen." (Autorenreferat) KW - intermediäre Organisation KW - Theorie KW - Non-Profit-Organisation KW - Vergleich KW - tertiärer Sektor KW - ökonomische Theorie KW - Institutionstheorie KW - politisches System KW - Lobby Y1 - 1995 SN - 0253-3995 VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 26 PB - Zentrum CY - Wien ER -