TY - BOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - The Quest for Good Governance: How Societies Develop Control of Corruption N2 - Why do some societies manage to control corruption so that it manifests itself only occasionally, while other societies remain systemically corrupt? This book is about how societies reach that point when integrity becomes the norm and corruption the exception in regard to how public affairs are run and public resources are allocated. It primarily asks what lessons we have learned from historical and contemporary experiences in developing corruption control, which can aid policy-makers and civil societies in steering and expediting this process. Few states now remain without either an anticorruption agency or an Ombudsman, yet no statistical evidence can be found that they actually induce progress. Using both historical and contemporary studies and easy to understand statistics, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi looks at how to diagnose, measure and change governance so that those entrusted with power and authority manage to defend public resources. The Quest for Good Governance presents a comprehensive empirical theory of governance unifying important disparate contributions in the areas of corruption, quality of government and rule of law and is the first attempt to directly answer the big question of what explains virtuous circles in good governance. It features research and policy tools to diagnose and build contextualized national strategies. KW - Government accountability, anticorruption, transparency in government Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-1-107-11392-3 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Bozzini, Alessandro A1 - Fazekas, Mihály A1 - Gutierréz Chvalkovská, Jana A1 - Khatib, Lina A1 - King, Lawrence Peter A1 - Skuhrovec, Jiří A1 - Stefanov, Ruslan A1 - Stoyanov, Alexander A1 - János Tóth, István A1 - Velcheva, Boryana A1 - Wilson, Andrew ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - The Anticorruption Frontline T2 - The Anticorruption Report N2 - From Turkey to Egypt, Bulgaria to Ukraine, and Brazil to India, we witness the rise of an angry urban middle class protesting against what they see as fundamental corruption of their political regimes, perceived as predatory and inefficient. Corruption is near the top of all global protesters’ list of grievances – from the Occupy movement to the Arab Spring. Their countries have benefited to varying degrees from globalization, but their regimes have all failed to evolve politically to meet their expectations. Corruption has become the main explanation for failures in government performance, for networks of patrons and clients subverting fair competition, and for billions of Euro in disappearing public funds, national or foreign assistance income. The economic crisis exposed the hypocrisy of rich countries which control corruption at home but use it to advance their economic interests abroad. The rise in the last two decades of an international anti-corruption regime only raised awareness but failed so far to diminish corruption. There is increasing demand for good governance resulting in quality education and health systems, and denunciation of sheer bread and circus populism. Volume 2 of the ANTICORRP Anticorruption Report tackles these issues across key cases and developments. The report is grouped into three parts: 1. The frontline reports, tracing developments in Ukraine and Bulgaria, where people rebelled against corrupt leaders, plus Rwanda and Qatar, who advanced in good governance charts, but find themselves accused of sponsoring wars across borders or bribing FIFA officials; 2. The methodology to move beyond perception-based corruption indicators, in the form of a three-country study on procurement data which reveals how EU funds increase the risk of corruption in Central Europe; 3. The empirical evidence on why control of corruption works when it does, and does not work for the most part, in the shortened version of ANTICORRP’s first milestone report. KW - Anticorruption, instruments of measurement, frontline reports Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-8474-0144-5 VL - 2 PB - Barbara Budrich Publishers CY - Leverkusen Opladen ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - A Tale of Two Villages. Coerced Modernization in the East European Countryside N2 - A non-fiction book about the social engineering operated in rural Eastern Europe by the Communist regime, based on the history of two villages in Romania. One of the two villages is the birthplace of Nicolae Ceausescu, the former Communist dictator, Scornicesti, which received massive investment during communist years and was turned into a mixture of underdeveloped village and industrial town. The other is Nucsoara, the Carpathian cradle of peasants' resistance against Communism, where half the village was executed or imprisoned and their lands divided between the other half. The state intervention failed in both villages to attain the planned objectives, but it nevertheless changed fundamentally the life of villagers. This book is mostly about the consequences of unlimited state power over people and communities. KW - Romania, development, state intervention Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-963-9776-78-4 PB - Central European University Press CY - Budapest ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Diamond, Larry ED - Plattner, Marc F. T1 - The Splintering of Postcommunist Europe JF - Journal of Democracy N2 - There are two radically different versions of the postcommunist narrative. One tells the triumphal tale of the only world region in which the reforms recommended by the “Washington consensus” worked. The other and more realistic account speaks of a historic window of opportunity that lasted for only a quarter-century, during which efforts by the West and patriotic elites of Central and Eastern Europe managed to drag the region into Europe proper, leaving Europe and Russia pitted against each other along the old “civilizational” border between them. This essay argues that while Institutional choices matter in the postcommunist world, geopolitical and civilizational boundaries still set the horizons of political possibility. KW - Postcommunist Europe KW - Central and Eastern Europe KW - Integration Y1 - 2015 SN - 1045-5736 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 88 EP - 100 PB - Johns Hopkins University Press CY - Baltimore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Diamond, Larry ED - Plattner, Marc F. T1 - The Legacies of 1989: The Transformative Power of Europe JF - Journal of Democracy N2 - Why has the EU succeeded in promoting democracy in the new member states but failed in promoting good governance? This essay seeks to answer this question first by distinguishing governance from political regimes, and second by exploring to what extent national governance—which is defined as the set of formal and informal institutions that determine who gets what in a given country—is susceptible to being improved by external pressure or intervention. It concludes that improving governance remains a challenge even for the democratic character of the European project. KW - Accountability KW - Corruption KW - Governance KW - European Union Y1 - 2014 SN - 1045-5736 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 20 EP - 32 PB - Johns Hopkins University Press CY - Baltimore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Diamond, Larry ED - Plattner, Marc F. T1 - Controlling Corruption Through Collective Action JF - Journal of Democracy N2 - Control of corruption in a society is an equilibrium between resources and costs which either empowers or constraints elites predatory behavior. While most research and practice focuses on legal constraints, this paper investigates normative constraints, deemed to be more important, especially civil society and the press. Fresh evidence—both historical and statistical—is found to support Tocqueville’s assertions regarding the importance of collective action and the joint action of media and associations in not only creating a democratic society, but controlling corruption as well. However, little is known on how to build normative constraints. KW - Civil society KW - Corruption KW - Normative constraints KW - Legal constraints KW - Press Y1 - 2013 UR - http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/controlling-corruption-through-collective-action SN - 1045-5736 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 101 EP - 115 PB - Johns Hopkins University Press CY - Baltimore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Mack, Arien T1 - Becoming Denmark: Historical Designs of Corruption Control JF - Social Research: An International Quarterly N2 - This paper conceptualizes public corruption as part of a broader social order context. It argues that corruption should not be conceived of as a social ‘malady’ to be eradicated, but rather as a default governance regime. People naturally favor their own, be it family, clan, race or ethnic group: treating the rest of the world fairly seems to be a matter of extensive social evolution and sufficient resources. Very few societies have evolved from this natural state of affairs to produce a state which can be expected to treat everyone equally and fairly, and to put public above private interest, when entrusted with the management of common affairs and resources. The paper surveys the approaches to anticorruption of three distinct political regimes, monarchy, medieval republic and modern democracy to conclude that current anticorruption should be conceptualized as solving collective action problems rather than as repression of deviance. KW - Corruption KW - Universalism KW - Patrimonialism KW - Collective action KW - Modernization KW - Favoritism KW - Principal agent Y1 - 2013 SN - 0037-783X VL - 80 IS - 4 SP - 1259 EP - 1286 PB - The Johns Hopkins University Press CY - Baltimore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Anagnostou, Dia ED - Weiler, Joseph T1 - Domestic Implementation of Human Rights Judgments in Europe: Legal Infrastructure and Government Effectiveness Matter JF - The European Journal of International Law N2 - Over the past couple of years, international law and international relations scholarship has shifted its focus from the question of whether human rights treaties bring any state-level improvements at all to investigations in the domestic context of the factors and dynamics influencing state compliance. In this direction, and focusing on the European Court of Human Rights, this study inquires into the factors that account for variable patterns of state compliance with its judgments. Why do national authorities in some states adopt a more prompt and responsive attitude in implementing these judgments, in contrast to other states that procrastinate or respond reluctantly? On the basis of a large-N study of the Strasbourg Court’s judgments and a comparison across nine states, this article argues that variation in state implementation performance is closely linked to the overall legal infrastructure capacity and government effectiveness of a state. When such capacity and effectiveness are high and diffused, the adverse judgments of the Strasbourg Court are unlikely to be obstructed or ignored, even when the government, political elites, or other actors are reluctant and not in favour of substantive remedies. KW - Human rights KW - Legal infrastructure KW - Governance Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chu001 SN - 0938-5428 VL - 25 IS - 1 SP - 205 EP - 227 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Campbell, Philip T1 - Good governance powers innovation JF - Nature N2 - Many believe innovation can lead the way out of the present economic crisis. In Europe and the United States leaders have repeatedly referred to the importance of innovation, research and education to sustaining economic growth. The concept that innovation is the key to prosperity is great- but we must understand that this applies to a certain governance context which is seldom encountered in the real world. KW - austerity policy KW - control of corruption KW - European Union KW - governance and innovation KW - governance Y1 - 2015 SN - 0028-0836 VL - 518 IS - 7539 SP - 295 EP - 297 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Johnston, Michael T1 - Transitions to Good Governance : creating Virtuous Circles of Anti-Corruption N2 - Why have so few countries managed to leave systematic corruption behind, while in many others modernization is still a mere façade? How do we escape the trap of corruption, to reach a governance system based on ethical universalism? In this unique book, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi and Michael Johnston lead a team of eminent researchers on an illuminating path towards deconstructing the few virtuous circles in contemporary governance. The book combines a solid theoretical framework with quantitative evidence and case studies from around the world. While extracting lessons to be learned from the success cases covered, Transitions to Good Governance avoids being prescriptive and successfully contributes to the understanding of virtuous circles in contemporary good governance. KW - Government accountability, anti-corruption Y1 - 2017 SN - 9781786439147; 9781786439161 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK; Northhampton, MA, USA ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Dadašov, Ramin A1 - Drapalova, Eliska A1 - Mendelski, Martin ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Warkotsch, Jana T1 - Beyond the Panama Papers : the Performance of EU Good Governance Promotion N2 - This last title in the series covers the most important findings of the five years EU sponsored ANTICORRP project dealing with corruption and organized crime. How prone to corruption are EU funds? Has EU managed to improve governance in the countries that it assists? Using the new index of public integrity and a variety of other tools created in the project this issue looks at how EU funds and norms affected old member states (like Spain), new member states (Slovakia, Romania), accession countries (Turkey) and the countries recipient of development funds (Egypt, Tanzania, Tunisia). The data covers over a decade of structural and development funds, and the findings show the challenges to changing governance across borders, the different paths that each country has experienced and suggest avenues of reforming development aid for improving governance. KW - Accountability, corruption, governance, European Union Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-8474-0582-5 PB - Barbara Budrich Publishers CY - Opladen, Berlin, Toronto ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Kousta, Stavroula T1 - The time has come for evidence-based anticorruption JF - Nature Human Behaviour N2 - Despite significant investment, contemporary anticorruption efforts have failed to be effective. A new index — the Index of Public Integrity — offers a transparent, evidence-based approach to controlling corruption and measuring progress. KW - Public integrity, control of corruption, accountability Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-016-0011 SN - 2397-3374 VL - 1 IS - 0011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Diamond, Larry ED - Plattner, Marc F. T1 - The Quest for Good Governance: Learning from Virtuous Circles JF - Journal of Democracy N2 - Once of interest mainly to specialists, the problem of explaining how institutions change is now a primary concern not only of economists, but of the international donor community as well. Many have come to believe that political institutions are decisive in shaping economic institutions and, with them, the course of innovation and investment that leads to a developed society. This is the shift from patrimonialism to ethical universalism, a transformation that most of today’s advanced democracies accomplished through a long historical evolution. But there has been very little research on whether and how this kind of change can be engineered and speeded up by human design. The EU-funded ANTICORRP project that I have been leading aims to help fill this gap. The big challenge is to explain the shift of the governance paradigm from particularism to universalism in the few societies that have managed to accomplish it in the postwar era. Do these success stories offer any lessons about how other societies can make that journey? KW - accountability KW - control of corruption KW - governance KW - institutional development Y1 - 2016 SN - 1045-5736 VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 95 EP - 109 ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Bratu, Roxana A1 - Charron, Nicholas A1 - Dimulescu, Valentina A1 - Doroftei, Madalina A1 - Fazekas, Mihály A1 - Kasemets, Aare A1 - King, Lawrence Peter A1 - Martinez Barranco Kukutschka, Roberto A1 - Pop, Raluca A1 - Tóth, István János ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Controlling Corruption in Europe T2 - The Anticorruption Report N2 - Corruption has an impact. It is about time that anticorruption starts having an impact, too. This is the first annual policy report of the European Seventh Framework Research Project ANTICORRP, which has started in 2012 and will continue until 2018. Based on the work of 21 different research centers and universities gathering original data, ANTICORRP offers yearly updates on the latest from corruption research, analyzing both the consequences of corruption and the impact of policies attempting to curb it. This first report offers a methodology to evaluate corruption risk and quality of government at country, region and sector level by means of corruption indicators that are sensitive to change and policy intervention. The aim of the project is to offer testable, easy to handle policies which reduce corruption risk. Corruption distorts market competition, bolsters deficits on behalf of discretionary spending, hurts real investment in public health and education, reduces tax collection, detriments the absorption rate of EU funds, and generates vulnerable employment and brain drain. This study estimates that if EU member states would all manage to control corruption at the Danish level, tax collection in Europe would increase by 323 billion Euro per year – double of the EU budget for 2013. KW - Anticorruption, European Union, transformative power Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-8474-0125-4 VL - 1 PB - Budrich CY - Opladen ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Muhittin, Acar A1 - David-Barrett, Elizabeth A1 - Dimulescu, Valentina A1 - Doroftei, Madalina A1 - Emek, Uğur A1 - Fazekas, Mihály A1 - Karaboev, Stefan A1 - András Lukács, Péter A1 - Martínez Barranco Kukutschka, Roberto A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Podumljak, Munir A1 - Sberna, Salvatore A1 - Stefanov, Ruslan A1 - János Tóth, István A1 - Vannucci, Alberto A1 - Wilson, Andrew A1 - Yalamov, Todor ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Government Favouritism in Europe T2 - The Anticorruption Report N2 - This volume on Government Favouritism in Europe reunites the fieldwork of 2014-2015 in the ANTICORRP project. It is entirely based on objective indicators and offers both quantitative and qualitative assessments of the linkage between political corruption and organised crime using statistics on spending, procurement contract data and judicial data. The methodology used in the analysis of particularism of public resource distribution is applicable to any other country where procurement data can be made available and opens the door to a better understanding and control of both systemic corruption and political finance. KW - corruption, government favouritism, public procurement Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-8474-0795-9 VL - 3 PB - Budrich CY - Opladen ER - TY - EDBOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Van Meurs, Wim T1 - Ottomans into Europeans: State and Institution-building in South Eastern Europe N2 - While many histories of the Balkans have been published, some very good and others poor, there is as yet no history of institutions in the Balkans. This is what the contributors to Ottomans into European offer the reader: a history of the most salient political institutions of the region: bureaucracies, judiciaries, democratic elections, free media, local and central government – and their frequently strained relations with traditional institutions. They also examine the selection, evolution, and performance of institutions in the post-Ottoman Balkans, and try to account for variations throughout the region. In writing this institutional history of the Balkans the contributors set themselves two key questions: did the post-Ottoman wave of Europeanization and Western-type institution building fail in the Balkans, and does this explain the region’s continuing political fragility? And if this is the case, are there underlying structural determinants explaining that failure which might manifest themselves again in present attempts to re-integrate the region, from Turkey to Albania? KW - Civil society, transformation KW - Balkan states, South-Eastern Europe Y1 - 2010 SN - 9781849040747 PB - C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Corruption: Political and Public Aspects T2 - International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences N2 - The interest of social science, media, and policymakers for corruption has exploded after 1990 due to increasing evidence that corruption is accountable for poor growth and chronic underdevelopment. This had impressive policy consequences: by 2012, no less than 161 state parties had adopted the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which was put into force on 14 December 2005. This article discusses the various conceptualizations of corruption as an individual behavior as well as a governance regime (particularism), the evolution of Western thought until the adoption of ethical universalism as universal governance norm (with UNCAC) and the performance of countries in establishing control of corruption in historical and contemporary times. KW - Corruption Y1 - 2015 SN - 9780080970868 SP - 12 EP - 20 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ET - 2 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Rupnik, Jacques T1 - A House of Cards? Building the Rule of Law in East Central Europe. T2 - The Western Balkans and the EU : "the hour of Europe" N2 - This paper assesses the ten years of experience of East Central European (ECE) with the reform of the judiciary in view of EU accession. The paper examines in depth the cases where the challenges to rule of law and the EU conditionality were both at a maximum to generate some explanations (Romania, and Bulgaria in particular). It then proceeds to test the chief explanatory factors in a quantitative model of rule of law on the 28 postcommunist cases, concluding that democracy, and not organization or logistics is the most important determinant of rule of law. KW - rule of Law, europeanization, state building, conditionality, corruption, East Central Europe Y1 - 2011 UR - http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/cp126-The_Western_Balkans_and_the_EU.pdf SN - 978-92-9198-187-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1686644 N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/cp126-The_Western_Balkans_and_the_EU.pdf SP - 145 EP - 162 PB - European Union Institute for Security Studies CY - Paris ET - Chaillot Papers No. 126 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - For a New Generation of Objective Indicators in Governance and Corruption Studies JF - European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research N2 - While the last twenty years have seen the development of global rankings for corruption, allowing comparison between countries and shaming of corrupt governments, the measurements remain based largely on the perceptions of experts, and so lack both specificity and transparency. New research, based on a comprehensive theory of governance defined as the set of formal and informal institutions determining “who gets what” in a given context, allows for more specific and objective, albeit indirect, measurement of control of corruption. To uncover the institutional setting which empowers public integrity, such research tests numerous anti-corruption tools and good governance strategies in a comparative framework. The end result is an evidence-based national framework for control of corruption and a clear measure able to indicate both current status and change in corruption control from year to year or as a result of policy intervention. Y1 - 2016 SN - 0928-1371 N1 - Access link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10610-016-9322-1 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 363 EP - 367 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Dadašov, Ramin ED - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Measuring Control of Corruption by a New Index of Public Integrity JF - European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research N2 - While the last 20 years saw the invention of corruption rankings, allowing comparison between countries and the shaming of corrupt governments, such measurements are largely based on the perceptions of experts, lacking both specificity and transparency. New research, based on a comprehensive theory of governance defined as the set of formal and informal institutions determining who gets what in a given context, allow for more specific and objective, albeit indirect, measurements of control of corruption. Such measurements focus on the institutional framework which empowers public integrity and eliminates many current anti-corruption tools, while validating others. Most importantly, it provides a broader specific context which can empower reforms based on evidence and a clear measure to determine status and progress of corruption control. KW - Anti-corruption policy KW - Corruption Measurement KW - Public integrity Y1 - 2016 SN - 0928-1371 N1 - Access link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10610-016-9324-z VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 415 EP - 438 ER -