TY - CHAP A1 - Woll, Cornelia A1 - Balme, Richard ED - Lequesne, Christian ED - Bulmer, Simon T1 - France: Between Integration and National Sovereignty T2 - The Member States of the European Union N2 - This book is the most comprehensive study of the European member states available. It covers the principal member states in separate chapters, as well as bringing together the smaller member states in comparative groupings, and also includes a chapter on the new member states. The country chapters look at the wider political issues associated with integration and not just policy machinery. In order to help readers understand the interaction of the member states, there are sections which cover analytical and empirical themes such as EU member relations and the European economy. Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-0199252817 SP - 97 EP - 118 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woll, Cornelia T1 - Pierre Lascoumes et Patrick Le Galés (dir.), Gouverner par les instrument. Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, 2004, 370p. JF - Pôle Sud Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3917/psud.023.0187 VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 200 EP - 202 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Woll, Cornelia T1 - Learning to Act on World Trade: Preference Formation of Large Firms in the United States and the European Union T2 - MPIfG Discussion Paper N2 - Lobbying by economic actors constitutes a central element of a large part of the literature on trade policy-making. However, it is mainly considered as "input" into the political system, which then aggregates the demand of different societal interests. As such inputs, the preferences of economic actors are often simply deduced from economic theory. This paper raises doubts about the usefulness of this analytical parsimony and tries to distinguish more clearly between stable interests, preferences and strategic choices. In particular, it suggests a model that clarifies how abstract interests are translated into concrete policy choices. By examining the lobbying carried out by service providers in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) in telecommunications and air transport, it then shows that the deduction of trade policy preferences from economic theory does not account well for the general support of multilateral trade liberalization by EU service providers. In particular, changes in identity, causal beliefs and strategic environments in the US and the EU create a variety of lobbying choices that goes beyond the material incentives of trade liberalization. By studying the learning process and the constraints on lobbying imposed by political institutions, the paper suggests that even the political preferences of strong economic actors are sometimes more appropriately dealt with as endogenous to the trade policy process. N2 - Wirtschaftslobbying ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Literatur zur Welthandelspolitik, da man davon ausgeht, dass Unternehmen Regierungsstrategien nachhaltig beeinflussen. Lobbying wird daher im Allgemeinen als "Input" in den politischen Prozess definiert. Unternehmensinteressen bilden einen Teil der "Nachfrage", die von Regierungen aggregiert und in politische Entscheidungen umgewandelt wird. Der Inhalt der wirtschaftspolitischen Interessen von Unternehmen wird dann in den meisten Fällen aus der Ökonomischen Theorie abgeleitet. Die Autorin des vorliegenden Discussion Papers hinterfragt die Zweckmäßigkeit einer solchen analytischen Vereinfachung und versucht, Interessen, Präferenzen und strategische Entscheidungen klarer voneinander abzugrenzen. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das erklärt, wie abstrakte Interessen in konkrete politische Entscheidungen übersetzt werden. Eine Untersuchung der Lobbying-Praxis von Dienstleistungsfirmen in den Branchen Telekommunikation und Lufttransport in den USA und der Europäischen Union zeigt, dass rein materielle Anreize nicht ausreichen, die politischen Präferenzen von Dienstleistungsunternehmen der EU zu erklären. Neben den wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen einer multilateralen Öffnung der Weltmärkte sind Identitätswandel, grundsätzliche Überzeugungen und die strategischen Grundbedingungen im jeweiligen Land für die Präferenzbildung der Unternehmen entscheidend. Das Papier kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Unternehmenspräferenzen nicht als gegeben angenommen werden können, sondern im Laufe des politischen Prozesses fortentwickelt werden. Y1 - 2005 UR - https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1233827_5/component/file_1233825/content VL - 05 IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Woll, Cornelia T1 - The Difficult Organization of Business Interests: MEDEF and the Political Representation of French Firms T2 - MPIfG Discussion Paper N2 - The national association of French employers and industry, MEDEF, seems to be an example of strong and unifi ed interest organization, especially since its reform in 1998. Through a study of the collective action of fi rms in France, this article sheds doubt on such an impression. In fact, a central employers’ and industry association only constituted itself in France in response to state and trade union activism and struggled throughout history once these external threats lost importance. Like all encompassing business associations, MEDEF comprises a great variety of groups of business actors and constantly has to manage its internal interest heterogeneity. An analysis of the historical and institutional context of its latest reform demonstrates that the recent media campaign should not be understood as a display of actual strength and coherence; rather it is the last resort of collective action that MEDEF can claim legitimately as its responsibility. N2 - Der Dachverband der französischen Industrie, MEDEF, scheint das Musterbeispiel einer starken und geschlossenen Interessengruppe zu sein, insbesondere seit seiner Reform im Jahre 1998. Eine Studie über das kollektive Handeln französischer Firmen stellt diese Annahme in Frage. Tatsächlich war die Gründung eines übergreifenden Industrie und Arbeitgeberverbandes in Frankreich ein sehr langwieriger Prozess, der als Defensive gegen staatliche Eingriffe und die Gewerkschaftsbewegung verstanden werden muss. Sobald diese äußeren Bedrohungen abnehmen, erschwert sich der Zusammenhalt der Organisation. Als Dachverband der französischen Unternehmen besteht MEDEF aus einer Vielzahl sektoraler und regionaler Gruppen. Er muss sich ständig bemühen, seine interne Heterogenität zu bewältigen, was seinen Handlungsspielraum erheblich einschränkt. Eine Analyse des historischen und institutionellen Kontexts der jüngsten Reform von MEDEF zeigt, dass die viel beachtete Medienkampagne nicht mit politischem Einfluss oder innerer Kohärenz verwechselt werden sollte. Ganz im Gegenteil: das medienwirksame Formulieren von politischen Programmen ist vielmehr eines der wenigen Aufgabengebiete, die MEDEF noch als seinen legitimen Verantwortungsbereich behaupten kann. Y1 - 2005 UR - https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1233860_7/component/file_1233858/content VL - 05 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woll, Cornelia A1 - Balme, Richard T1 - Europe and the Transformation of French Policy-Making: a Cross-Sectoral Approach JF - Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften N2 - This article sheds light on the “Europeanisation” of French policy-making – defined as the national adjustment to European integration – and asks whether different policy domains experience the same kind of pressure to adjust. Four sectors representing different policy types are examined: monetary and budgetary policies, public services, agricultural policy and equal employment. This cross-sectional approach reveals different degrees of change and patterns of adaptation, whilst in no case the EU fully supplanted national decision-making. The authors’ conclusion suggests that regulative and redistributive policies are less conflicting with European integration than distributive policies at the core of the French welfare state, but that the latter are also strongly resilient and resistant to radical changes. Patterns of policy changes are highly complex and diversified, and their “path-dependency” is rooted in the political feasibility of public policy at the domestic level. N2 - Der Beitrag analysiert die „Europäisierung“ zentraler Politikbereiche in Frankreich, wobei vier Felder im Zentrum stehen: die Geld- und Haushaltspolitik, öffentliche Dienstleistungen, die Agrarpolitik sowie arbeitsrechtliche Gleichstellungspolitiken. In der vergleichenden Untersuchung wird deutlich, dass sowohl die Reichweite des Wandels als auch die Muster der Anpassung unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sind; in keinem Fall finden sich Entscheidungsprozesse vollständig „europäisiert“. Regulative und redistributive Politiken erscheinen in Bezug auf die europäische Integration weniger problematisch als der distributive Kern des französischen Wohlfahrtsstaates, letzterer ist aber grundlegenden Veränderungen gegenüber sehr viel widerstandsfähiger. Europäisierung ist also nicht gleichbedeutend mit einer alleinigen Ausrichtung der Politik an regulativen Leitbildern. Der Wandel verläuft vielmehr nach äußerst komplexen Mustern und ist mit Blick auf die unterschiedliche nationale Umsetzbarkeit in hohem Maße „pfadabhängig“. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfse.2005.3.3.388 N1 - Also translated and published as: "从议程设置到弹性:适应欧洲的法国政策决策 [From Agenda-Setting to Resilience: French Policy-Making Adaptation to Europe]”, China Public Administration Review, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2009 pp.50-64. VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 388 EP - 409 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woll, Cornelia T1 - Vers des compétences externes : l'activisme de la commission européenne en matière d'aviation internationale JF - Politique européenne N2 - Pour analyser le rôle joué par la Commission dans les politiques étrangères européennes, nous montrons comment la Commission peut élargir ses compétences en utilisant ses droits en tant que gardienne des traités. L’étude de cas de la politique européenne en matière d’aviation internationale illustre comment la Commission a pu obtenir un mandat de négociation externe que les Etats membres lui avaient auparavant refusé. Pour cela la Commission s’est appuyée sur des recours juridictionnels et a employé une stratégie cognitive qui inscrit la question de l’aviation civile dans la concurrence avec les Etats-Unis. Par ces deux moyens, la Commission a su changer les préférences des Etats membres et réorienter le point focal des négociations intergouvernementales. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3917/poeu.017.0137 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 137 EP - 158 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Annabring, Ute A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Kempf, Wilhelm T1 - Die kognitive Repräsentation von Nachkriegskonflikten imSpannungsfeld zwischen Mainstream-Diskurs undabweichender Berichterstattung T2 - Nachrichtenmedien als Mediatoren von Demokratisierung, Peace-Building und Versöhnung in Nachkriegsgesellschaften Y1 - 2005 UR - kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/10643 SN - 978-3-936014-05-1 PB - Regener CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Ireland’s Nice Referenda JF - European Constitutional Law Review N2 - Part One: Referenda required to amend Irish Constitution. Referenda on accession to EEC, the Single European Act, Maastricht and Amsterdam. Development by courts of rules for fairness of referendum campaigns. Referendum Acts and Referendum Commission. Part Two: First Nice Referendum dominated by euro-anxiety, Irish neutrality and enlargement. Second referendum on same subject not unusual and acceptable according to domestic criteria. Concessions and clarifications. Effect on the Convention on the Future of Europe. Part Three: implications for the Constitutional Treaty. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019605003573 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 357 EP - 382 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - The Asylum Procedures Directive and the Proliferation of Safe Country Practices: Deterrence, Deflection and the Dismantling of International Protection JF - European Journal of Migration Law Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1571816054396842 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 69 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dusseault, David A1 - Hansen, Martin Ejnar A1 - Jankin, Slava T1 - The significance of economy in the Russian bi-lateral treaty process JF - Communist and Post-Communist Studies N2 - In his recent article Söderlund (2003) tests structural factors that influence the order in which the Russian regions gained a bi-lateral agreement with the federal centre emphasizing the importance of ethnicity, religion and economy. We replicate his results, and provide an extension where we argue instead that the only significant determinants of the bi-lateral process have been economic issues. Our results are substantiated by an improved methodology that addresses several debatable choices made by the author in the original article. Y1 - 2005 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-27890 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-067X(03)00041-2 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in "Communist and Post-Communist Studies". For the final authenticated version follow the DOI above. IS - 38 (1) SP - 121 EP - 130 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Lukas T1 - Theories of Knowledge - Is a Naturalised Epistemology Bound to Leave Unanswered Some Important Epistemological Questions? JF - Tabula Rasa - Jenenser Zeitschrift für kritisches Denken Y1 - 2005 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10993/5937 SN - 0947-8485 VL - 21 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Lukas T1 - Critic of Amy Gutmann - The Constructive Potential of Communitarian Values for Liberalism JF - Sic et Non - Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Kultur N2 - The view of Amy Gutmann is that communitarians have been unsuccessful in undermining liberalism. However, she thinks that their work presents a welcome challenge to it. In her opinion, the communitarian criticism, rather than giving good reason to abandon liberalism, is of use in an attempt to discover a liberalism that successfully combines communitarian with liberal values. This paper examines the extent to which Gutmann successfully shows that communitarian values, like kinship, affection, or a sense of common purpose, have the latent but unrealized capacity to serve to improve liberalism. Y1 - 2005 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/http://sicetnon.org/index.php/sic/article/view/153 SN - 1431-2395 VL - 1 SP - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Ergun, Ayça ED - Lederer, Markus ED - Muller, Philipp S. T1 - Global Governance and Domestic Politics: Fragmented Visions T2 - Criticising Global Governance Y1 - 2005 N1 - ISBN 978-1-4039-6948-4 SP - 161 EP - 176 PB - Palgrave-Macmillan ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pisani-Ferry, Jean T1 - L'Europe déclassée ? N2 - La thèse du déclassement économique de l'Europe face à une Amérique vigoureuse et une Asie ascendante est incontestablement devenue l'opinion dominante du débat sur l'Europe. Elle trouve un écho particulier en France où l'industrie intellectuelle du déclin rejoint subtilement un euroscepticisme de bon aloi. L'Europe, déjà pas souhaitable en soi, n'est de surcroît pas nécessaire puisqu'elle ne garantit pas une marche vers le progrès. À cela, les partisans du fédéralisme économique opposent l'idée que plus d'Europe serait la solution mécanique au problème. Mais cette réponse est trop stéréotypée pour être convaincante. La contrainte européenne peut aussi être source de déresponsabilisation nationale, comme on peut le voir, par exemple, sur le plan budgétaire. En fait, tout porte à penser qu'il n'existe pas de réponse simple à des enjeux complexes. Pour clarifier ce débat, trois économistes de renom risquent chacun un point de vue. Stimulantes et toujours étayées, les conclusions de leurs analyses surprendront le lecteur. Y1 - 2005 N1 - ISBN 9782082105033 PB - Flammarion CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Crear espirales de desarrollo JF - Iniciativa Emprendedora Y1 - 2005 VL - 48 SP - 99 EP - 108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Noboa, Ernesto T1 - Emprendedores sociales: Cómo se forma la intención para crear una iniciativa de carácter social iniciativa JF - Iniciativa emprendedora y empresa familiar Y1 - 2005 SN - 1136-9752 VL - 48 SP - 23 EP - 39 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Ganly, Kate T1 - The Bertelsmann Richard Mohn Fellowship: CSR as cultural exchange Y1 - 2005 PB - IESE Business School ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Elfring, Tom T1 - Entrepreneurial behavior in a large traditional firm: Exploring key drivers T2 - Corporate entrepreneurship and venturing Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-0-387-24850-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/b106351 VL - International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 10 SP - 49 EP - 72 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - Cool, Karen O. ED - Henderson, James E. ED - Abate, Rene T1 - How much do middle managers really matter? An Empirical Study on their Impact on Sustained Superior Performance T2 - Restructuring Strategy: New Networks and Industry Challenges Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-1405126014 SP - 236 EP - 250 PB - Blackwell Publishing CY - Oxford, UK ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Schoen, Oliver T1 - New Model for the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Institute for OneWorld Health N2 - This case introduces the Institute of OneWorld Health (IOWH), a company dedicated to producing drugs for neglected diseases and the first non-profit pharmaceutical company in the world. Founded in 2000 by Dr Victoria Hale, IOWH took expired and donated patent compounds and developed them through all the stages of clinical testing and approval into drugs to fight the world's most destructive diseases, usually occurring in Third World countries where perceived profitable markets did not yet exist. By 2004 IOWH was at the stage of presenting its first Phase 3 Clinical Trial results for Paromomycin, a drug developed for Visceral Leishmaniasis, which kills as many as 200,000 people each year in India, Bangladesh, Sudan, Brazil, and Nepal. Its next task was to form partnerships with other organisations to manufacture and distribute the drug; the case focuses on Dr Hale's strategy for IOWH going forward, with particular reference to its core competencies and mission. The case encourages students to consider other models with similar aims and to observe how social entrepreneurs such as Dr Hale endeavour to overcome the market failures that exist for basic health care in the world's least developed countries. KW - Business models KW - Growth strategy KW - Innovation KW - Leadership KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Social responsibility KW - Underdevelopment KW - United States Y1 - 2005 PB - IESE Business School ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Social Entrepreneurship : Creating new business models to serve the poor JF - Business Horizons N2 - The term “social entrepreneurship” (SE) is used to refer to the rapidly growing number of organizations that have created models for efficiently catering to basic human needs that existing markets and institutions have failed to satisfy. Social entrepreneurship combines the resourcefulness of traditional entrepreneurship with a mission to change society. One social entrepreneur, Ibrahim Abouleish, recently received the “Alternative Nobel Prize” for his Sekem initiative; in 2004, e-Bay founder Jeff Skoll donated 4.4 million pounds to set up a social entrepreneurship research center; and many social entrepreneurs have mingled with their business counterparts at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Social entrepreneurship offers insights that may stimulate ideas for more socially acceptable and sustainable business strategies and organizational forms. Because it contributes directly to internationally recognized sustainable development (SD) goals, social entrepreneurship may also encourage established corporations to take on greater social responsibility. KW - Social entrepreneurship KW - Sustainability KW - Business model KW - Corporate social responsibility Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2004.11.006 SN - 0007-6813 VL - 48 IS - 3 SP - 241 EP - 246 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Exploring the determinants of unit performance : The role of middle managers in stimulating profit growth JF - Group & Organization Management N2 - This article sets out to identify the origins of performance differences between units within the same organizational and industry context. Building on and reconciling diverse research streams, it empirically tests the effect of strategic, individual, and context factors on performance over time. The study complements traditional research in strategy by advancing a middle manager perspective. More specifically, it highlights the importance of middlemanagers' actions aligned with strategy, their demographic characteristics, and their immediate competitive environment in stimulating performance. Data on 119 managers and units of a European financial services firm suggest that how middle managers enact strategy, who they are, and where they are significantly affect profit growth in their units. KW - middle managers KW - enacted strategy KW - business unit performance Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601104269113 SN - 1059-6011 VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 263 EP - 288 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Stöwhase, Sven T1 - Tax Evasion and Auditing in a Federal Economy JF - International Tax and Public Finance N2 - This paper analyzes the relation between tax auditing and fiscal equalization in the context of fiscal competition. We incorporate a model of tax evasion by firms into a standard tax competition framework where regional governments use their audit rates as a strategic instrument to engage in fiscal competition. We compare the region's choice of audit policies for three different cases: A scenario of unconfined competition without interregional transfers, a scenario with a gross revenue equalization (GRS) scheme and finally, a scenario with net revenue sharing (NRS), where not only the revenues from taxation but also the regions auditing costs are shared. Without regional transfers, fiscal competition leads to audit rates which are inefficiently low for revenue-maximizing governments. While in general GRS aggravates the inefficiency, NRS makes the decentralized choice of auditing policies more efficient. KW - tax evasion KW - fiscal competition KW - fiscal equalization KW - auditing Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-005-1542-0 SN - 0927-5940 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 515 EP - 531 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - Sustainable development, sustainable profit JF - European Business Forum N2 - Social entrepreneurship can be a powerful tool for corporations to gain entry and build loyalty in developing markets. While economic growth has led to tremendous improvements in personal freedoms and well-being for people in industrialised societies, it has left too many behind. The images of hunger, disease and human misery refuse to disappear from our television screens. How can growth be made more sustainable while at the same time including and benefiting all of society? The paradox is painful: while traditional markets are saturated, billions of people are desperately waiting for companies to cater to their most basic needs and wants. Social entrepreneurs act as change agents that enable the poor to participate in economic life. Entrepreneurs invent business models that can be scaled up and possibly repeated elsewhere: the Grameen Bank model has been replicated all over the world, with huge success. Social entrepreneurship initiatives also constitute local resources that lend themselves to new configurations for novel forms of value creation. KW - Social responsibility KW - Entrepreneurs KW - Sustainable development KW - Developing countries KW - LDCs KW - Economic development Y1 - 2005 UR - https://search.proquest.com/docview/224672209?accountid=11379 SN - 1469-6460 VL - 20 SP - 49 EP - 53 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - La Iniciativa Sekem BT - algunos de los mejores casos de IESE T2 - Mejorar la gestion de empresas KW - Emprendedores de carácter social Y1 - 2005 SN - 9788448146382 N1 - Sekem: liberando una visión. Un enfoque artístico de la iniciativa emprendedora / IESE Business School: DG-1466 PB - McGrawHill CY - Madrid ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Seelos, Christian T1 - The Sekem Initiative BT - a selection of the best cases from IESE Business School T2 - Improving management Y1 - 2005 SN - 9788486851620 SP - 269 EP - 297 PB - IESE Estudios y Ediciones ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Cordes, E. T1 - Project Impact: The affordable hearing aid project KW - Competitive Analysis KW - Innovation KW - Social Entrepreneurship KW - Underdevelopment KW - Welfare Economics KW - Estados Unidos, India Y1 - 2005 UR - http://protectedpdf.iese.edu/descargas/DG-1472-E-1725891.pdf N1 - Teachning note: DGT-48-E PB - IESE Business School CY - Barcelona ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munksgaard, J. A1 - Pade, L.-L. A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Influence of trade on national CO2 emissions JF - International Journal of Global Energy Issues Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJGEI.2005.006950 SN - 1741-5128 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 324 EP - 336 PB - Inderscience ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke T1 - Wie weiter mit der Mitbestimmung? JF - Berliner Republik Y1 - 2005 N1 - http://www.b-republik.de/archiv/wie-weiter-mit-der-mitbestimmung VL - 2005 IS - 1 ER - TY - EDBOOK ED - Römmele, Andrea ED - Farrell, David M. ED - Ignazi, Piero T1 - Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage Revisited Y1 - 2005 PB - Praeger CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Gibson, Rachel K. T1 - Truth and Consequence in Web-Campaigning: Is There an Academic Digital Divide? JF - European Political Science N2 - Use of the web by political parties and candidates as well as the general public is expanding. However, so far, little serious systematic analysis has taken place to examine the spread of the practice and particularly its consequences for electoral outcomes and voter attitudes. In this article, we identify some of the key reasons for the lack of attention to the ‘cause-and-effect’ questions about Web campaigning and highlight the empirical and theoretical reasons why academic study needs to do more to incorporate it into conventional election studies. We conclude by offering some guidelines for developing the tools and data that are needed for more ‘joined-up’ study of the subject to take place. KW - Internet KW - Campaigning KW - World wide web KW - Elections KW - Voting behaviour Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.eps.2210036 SN - 1682-0983 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 273 EP - 287 PB - Palgrave Macmillan UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea ED - Alemann, Ulrich von T1 - Parteispenden nach den Skandalen: Erfahrungen aus der BRD sowie im internationalen Vergleich T2 - PVS Sonderheft Politische Korruption - Dimensionen politischer Korruption: Beiträge zum Stand der internationalen Forschung Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-3-531-14141-1 SN - 0720-4809 IS - 35 SP - 384 EP - 396 PB - Westdeutscher Verlag CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Personen oder Inhalte?: Politikvermittlung in deutschen Wahlkämpfen T2 - Wahlen und Wähler: Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 2002 Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-3531141374 SP - 414 EP - 433 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Farrell, David M. A1 - Ignazi, Piero T1 - The Prevalence of "Linkage-by-Reward" in Contemporary Parties T2 - Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage Revisited Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-0275981051 SP - 17 EP - 36 PB - Praeger CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke T1 - Den Tiger reiten lernen JF - Berliner Republik: das Debattenmagazin Y1 - 2005 SN - 1616-4903 N1 - Volltext / Fulltext: http://www.b-republik.de/archiv/den-tiger-reiten-lernen VL - 2005 IS - 4 PB - Berliner Vorwärts-Verlagsges. CY - Berlin ET - Welche Wirtschaft? Und wie viel Staat? ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Enderlein, Henrik T1 - One Size Fits None JF - Central Banking Y1 - 2005 SN - 0960-6319 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 24 EP - 28 PB - Central Banking Publ Limited ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Enderlein, Henrik T1 - The Stability and Growth Pact is Broken? Don't Fix it! JF - EUSA Review Y1 - 2005 UR - https://www.eustudies.org/assets/files/eusa_review/Winter2005ReviewForum.pdf N1 - Free online Access / Freier online Zugriff: http://aei.pitt.edu/7505/1/2005_V18_1.pdf VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 7 PB - University of Pittsburgh CY - Pittsburgh ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Meyer, Renate E. T1 - New public management in Austria: Local Variation on a Global Theme? JF - Public Administration N2 - This article tracks public sector reform in Austria with a focus on the influence of New Public Management (NPM) both as label and as specific set of reform ideas. We analyse to what degree current reforms have been influenced and shaped by this widely acclaimed international trend. In this empirical study we combine the different data sources of media coverage, reform documents and public sector executive survey to cover different levels of analysis. Although the reforms include NPM-features, we see no evidence so far for an archetype change in the Austrian public sector. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-3298.2005.00471.x SN - 0033-3298 VL - 83 IS - 3 SP - 709 EP - 733 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Lueger, Manfred A1 - Meyer, Renate E. A1 - Sandner, Karl T1 - Contextualizing influence activities: An objective hermeneutical approach JF - Organization Studies N2 - Influence activity is a central aspect of organizations and has attracted a wide range of theoretical and empirical research. Most studies in this field rely on categorization schemes to classify either actors or acts. This article draws on the notion of organizations and actors as socially constructed phenomena and understands influence activities as social practices whose shape and meaning is derived from the social contexts they are embedded in. In this paper, we argue that it is necessary to gain an understanding of the activities’ diverging meanings in their organizational contexts before generalized typologies of tactics and strategies can be fruitfully applied. By drawing on ‘objective hermeneutics’ as methodology, our analyses focus on influence activities within three organizational contexts. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840605055265 SN - 0170-8406 VL - 26 IS - 8 SP - 1145 EP - 1168 PB - Sage Publications CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Angerer, Dieter J. T1 - Public Private Partnership Between Euphoria and Disillusionment: Recent Experiences from Austria and Implications for Countries in Transformation JF - Romanian Journal of Political Science N2 - This paper analyses the arduous path towards implementing Public Private Partnership (PPP) as a governance mode increasingly ‘en vogue’ in many political programs worldwide. As current literature on PPP strongly features an Anglo-Saxon bias recent experiences from Austria with a continental-European legalistic Rechtsstaat tradition are presented. Based on our analysis of a recently failed PPP project we outline that beside factors put forward by rational-choice approaches the dynamics of such partnerships are also shaped by normative and cultural-cognitive factors as theorized by neoinstitutional approaches. We thereby understand PPPs not only as a distinct, innovative organizational arrangement but also as a policy tool with symbolic meanings and underlying premises. In the final part general implications regarding the relevance of these experiences for transformational countries are outlined. KW - Neoinstitutionalism KW - Procurement KW - Public goods theory KW - Public management KW - Public-Private Partnership Y1 - 2005 SN - 1582-456X VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 129 EP - 159 PB - Orion Press Impex 2000 SRL CY - Bucharest ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Wutscher, Werner T1 - Status der Verwaltungsreform in Österreich JF - Verwaltung und Management N2 - Die österreichische Verwaltungsreform hat in den letzten Jahren eine deutliche Beschleunigung erfahren. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen in der österreichischen Bundesverwaltung und versucht eine erste kritische Würdigung. Im Juni 2003 erfolgte die Gründung eines "Österreich-Konvents", der sich mit grundlegenden Fragen der Verwaltungsreform im föderalen und rechtsstaatlichen Konnex beschäftigt. Erste Ergebnisse liegen bereits vor. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0947-9856-2005-3-116 SN - 0947-9856 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 116 EP - 122 PB - Nomos-Verl.-Ges. CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard T1 - Le pénible parcours des partenariats public-privé en Autriche JF - Téléscope : l'Observatoire de l'administration publique N2 - Le présent article analyse les problèmes courants liés à la mise en œuvre de partenariats publicprivé (PPP) en tant que mode de gouvernance de plus en plus « en vogue » dans de nombreux programmes politiques partout dans le monde. Comme la documentation actuelle sur les PPP renferme souvent le point de vue anglo-saxon, nous présentons les expériences récentes de l’Autriche caractérisée par une tradition juridique continentale européenne d’État de droit (Rechtsstaat). D’après une analyse d’un récent échec de projet de PPP, la dynamique de ce genre de partenariats serait façonnée par les facteurs inspirés des méthodes du choix rationnel, mais aussi par des facteurs normatifs, culturels et cognitifs tel que le théorisent les méthodes néoinstitutionnelles. Y1 - 2005 SN - 1203-3294 N1 - Volltext / Fulltext: http://www.telescope.enap.ca/Telescope/docs/Index/Vol_12_no_1/Telv12n1_hammerschmid.pdf VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 79 PB - ENAP: École Nationale d'Administration publique CY - Frankreich ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Meyer, Renate E. ED - Hondeghem, Annie ED - Farnham, David ED - Horton, Sylvia T1 - Public Management Reform and Staff Participation and Involvement: The Austrian Experiences T2 - Staff participation and public management reform : some international comparisons Y1 - 2005 SN - 9781403935069 SP - 83 EP - 99 PB - Palgrave McMillan CY - Houndmills ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Meyer, Renate E. T1 - Public Management Dynamics in a Federal legalistic Rechtsstaat System: Results from an executive survey in Austria JF - International Journal of Public Sector Management N2 - Purpose - Sets out to resent current dynamics of public management reform in Austria, a country that is characterized by institutional governance features (federal structure, legalistic Rechtsstaat tradition) often described as an obstacle to management-oriented reforms. The paper's focus lies in the reception of management ideas and concepts by public sector executives within this special national context and differences between federal and state administration. Design/methodology/approach - Presents results of a recent questionnaire-based executive survey (sample size: 385). Apart from non-parametric correlation analyses, investigates level differences (federal vs state) by using an independent samples Mann-Whitney U rank sum test. Findings - Highlights the importance of the national institutional background for understanding public management changes. Finds considerable support for reform initiatives despite some scepticism and resistance towards management knowledge and instruments. Results confirm that executives in a legalistic Rechtsstaat system are not per se opposed to management-driven reforms. Regarding the reception of public management reforms, at various government levels, differences between federal and state level are less pronounced than expected. Originality/value - Addresses the lack of empirical research regarding the reception of management ideas in legalistic Rechtsstaat systems by presenting data from a country which has hardly been covered by international public management literature so far. This study also compares the reception at federal and state administration to look for level variations of management reform dynamics. KW - Austria KW - Public administration KW - Public sector reform Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550510624086 SN - 09513558 VL - 18 IS - 6/7 SP - 629 EP - 640 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bradford ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Katz, Hagai A1 - Lam, Marcus A1 - Mosley, Jennifer A1 - Spivak, Laurie T1 - Driving Change: The State of the Nonprofit Sector in Los Angeles; 2005 Y1 - 2005 UR - http://civilsociety.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/publication-pdf/Nonprofit2005bookconcept2.pdf SN - 0-9747861-5-2 PB - UCLA School of Public Affairs, Center for Civil Society CY - Los Angeles, CA ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Enderlein, Henrik T1 - Fraternal Twins : Why the Fed and the ECB are more similar than often suggested T2 - Globalization of capital markets and monetary policy Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-1-4039-4347-7 SP - 116 EP - 129 PB - Palgrave-Macmillan CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Enderlein, Henrik A1 - Lindner, Johannes T1 - The EU budgetary process in the constitutional debate T2 - European Union : Power and policy-making Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-0415358149 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. SP - 187 EP - 205 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Enderlein, Henrik A1 - Lindner, Johannes A1 - Calvo-Gonzáles, Oscar A1 - Ritter, Raymond T1 - The EU budget: how much scope for institutional reform? T2 - ECB Occasional Paper Series Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0573-8555(06)79005-8 SN - 1607-1484 N1 - Available as e-publication in your Hertie Library. Als elektronische Ausgabe in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. IS - 27 SP - 1 EP - 31 PB - Europäische Zentralbank CY - Frankfurt a.M. [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Meyer, Renate E. A1 - Sandner, Karl T1 - Aktuelle Trends des Verwaltungsmanagements: Verwaltungsreform aus Sicht österreichischer Verwaltungsmanager T2 - Der öffentliche Dienst im gesellschaftlichen System 2003 plus: Neue Herausforderungen Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-3-7083-0250-8 VL - 2 SP - 57 EP - 65 PB - Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Vertrag CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Measure for Measure: A Commentary on Heinrich and the State of Civil Society Indicators Research JF - Journal of Civil Society Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17448680500484665 VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 241 EP - 246 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Zabel, Cordula T1 - Female education and the second child: Great Britain and Western Germany compared JF - Schmollers Jahrbuch: Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften N2 - This paper compares the determinants of the transition to the second child in Western Germany and Great Britain, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). We test a number of explanations for the positive effect of educational attainment on second birth risks; this effect has been reported for both countries. Owing to differences in the welfare state context, we expect that the factors responsible for the positive education effect differ between the two countries. Our findings, however, provide only partial support for this expectation. KW - United Kingdom KW - Fertility Y1 - 2005 SN - 0342-1783 VL - 125 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 156 PB - Duncker und Humblot CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Nichteheliche Mutterschaft und soziale Ungleichheit: zur sozioökonomischen Differenzierung der Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland JF - Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie N2 - Nichteheliche Geburten haben in den 1990er Jahren in Westdeutschland, vor allem aber in Ostdeutschland, stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der deutsche familialistische Wohlfahrtsstaat fördert steuerlich und sozialpolitisch vorrangig verheiratete Paare. Zugleich unterscheidet er zwischen Alleinerziehenden und nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaften. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist zu erwarten, dass verheiratete, kohabitierende und alleinerziehende Mütter sich in ihren sozialstrukturellen Hintergründen und hauptsächlichen Unterhaltsquellen (Einkommen des Partners, staatliche Transferzahlungen und eigenes Einkommen) unterscheiden. Analysen der Mikrozensen der Jahre 1991–2000 unterstützen diese These teilweise. Alleinerziehende Frauen haben häufiger einen geringen Bildungsabschluss und sind stärker von sozialstaatlichen Transferzahlungen abhängig als Frauen in anderen Familienformen. In Westdeutschland leben gut ausgebildete Mütter häufiger in einer nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft als einer Ehe. Kohabitierende Mütter sind zudem häufiger Vollzeit erwerbstätig als andere Mütter. In Ostdeutschland bestehen nur geringe Unterschiede zwischen verheirateten und in einer nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft lebenden Müttern im Hinblick auf den Bildungsabschluss und das Ausmaβ der Erwerbsbeteiligung. Auch verheiratete Mütter sind selten vom Einkommen des Partners abhängig. Die ökonomische Unabhängigkeit verheirateter Mütter ist ein zentrales Merkmal des Wandels der Familie in Ostdeutschland und begründet anhaltende Ost-West-Unterschiede in den ökonomischen Grundlagen von Familien. KW - nichteheliche Geburten KW - neue Familienformen KW - Sozialpolitik KW - Erwerbsorientierung von Frauen KW - Ostdeutschland KW - Westdeutschland KW - Mikrozensus Y1 - 2005 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-9722 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-005-0110-z SN - 1861-891X VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 32 EP - 61 PB - VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Nichteheliche Lebensgemeinschaften: Demographische Trends und gesellschaftliche Strukturen T2 - Die Rechtsstellung nichtehelicher Lebensgemeinschaften = The legal status of cohabitants Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-3-16-148705-7 SP - 45 EP - 75 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke T1 - Den Tiger reiten lernen JF - Berliner Republik: das Debattenmagazin Y1 - 2005 VL - 4 IS - 2005 SP - 48 EP - 53 PB - Berliner Vorwärts-Verlagsges. CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke T1 - Wie weiter mit der Mitbestimmung? JF - Berliner Republik: das Debattenmagazin Y1 - 2005 VL - 1 IS - 2005 PB - Berliner Vorwärts-Verlagsges CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke T1 - Der institutionalisierte Konsens: Blockade oder Leitplanke? T2 - Den Reformen Perspektive geben Y1 - 2005 IS - 45 SP - 73 EP - 86 PB - GDA CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - List, Regina T1 - International Dictionary of Nonprofit and Nongovernmental Organizations Y1 - 2005 PB - Taylor and Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Themudo, Nuno T1 - Governance and Management of International Membership Organizations JF - The Brown Journal of World Affairs N2 - The last few decades have witnessed the unprecedented expansion of nonprofit or non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to the extent that they now account for about seven percent of total employment in the United States and six percent in OECD countries. While most NGOs remain domestic organizations, some have become increasingly international in their scope and have grown into global actors. Oxfam, Save the Children, Amnesty International, Friends of the Earth, the Red Cross and GreenPeace have become the"brand-names" among international NGOs (INGOs), with significant budgets, political influence, and responsibility. Indeed, NGOs dedicated to international relief and development have combined expenditures totaling over US$ 13 billion, a figure approximately equal to the official U.S. aid budget. Membership-based INGOs, a subset of this emerging global third sector, have grown dramatically in recent years. In just over four decades, global membership in Amnesty International has exceeded 1.8 million. Similarly, GreenPeace membership reached 2.8 million in just over three decades, while revenues topped US$ 120 million. Y1 - 2005 UR - https://www.brown.edu/initiatives/journal-world-affairs/sites/brown.edu.initiatives.journal-world-affairs/files/private/articles/11.2_Anheier.pdf SN - 1080-0786 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 185 EP - 198 PB - Brown Univ. CY - Providence ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Stares, Sally A1 - Grenier, Paola T1 - Social capital and life satisfaction: a comparative analysis T2 - European values at the turn of the millennium Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-9004139817 SP - 81 EP - 107 PB - Brill CY - Leiden [u.a.] : ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Theomudo, Nuno T1 - The internationalization of the nonprofit sector T2 - The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management Y1 - 2005 SN - 0-7879-6995-8 SP - 102 EP - 127 PB - Jossey-Bass CY - San Francisco ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan T1 - Definition und Phänomenologie der Non-profit Organization T2 - Nonprofit-Organisationen in Recht, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Theorien - Analysen - Corporate Governance Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-16-148635-8 SP - 17 EP - 33 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toepler, Stefan A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Theorien zur Existenz von Nonprofit-Organisationen T2 - Nonprofit-Organisationen in Recht, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft : Theorien - Analysen - Corporate Governance Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-16-148635-8 SP - 47 EP - 63 PB - Mohr Siebeck CY - Tübingen ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Nonprofit Organizations: Theory, Management and Policy N2 - This text is the first to dedicate itself to the nonprofit sector. It provides a comprehensive overview of nonprofit and voluntary organizations, nongovernmental organizations, philanthropic foundations and civil society institutions. Taking an international perspective, it details the background and concepts behind these organizations and examines the theory, management and policy which informs them. Questions answered include: What are nonprofit and voluntary organizations? What is the history of the nonprofit sector? What is the scale and structure of the nonprofit sector? How can we explain the existence and behaviour of nonprofit organizations? How do nonprofits obtain funding and how do they manage resources? With strong pedagogical features and the author's own extensive experience, this book is a valuable reference for all those involved in non-profit making organizations, as well as those in the wider public administration and management arena. Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-0415314190 N1 - Available as print and e-publication in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion und elektronische Ausgabe in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. PB - Routledge CY - NewYork [u.a.] ER - TY - EDBOOK ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Kaldor, Mary ED - Glasius, Marlies T1 - Global Civil Society 2005/6 T2 - Global Civil Society N2 - The annual Global Civil Society Yearbooks provide an indispensable guide to global civil society or civic participation and action around the world. Each yearbook includes commissioned contributions from leading commentators across the social sciences on the latest issues and developments. Each yearbook also explores and presents the latest approaches to measuring and analyzing global civil society and provides a chronology of key global civil society events in the year. The 2005/6 Yearbook explores the role of gender in global civil society and investigates the core issues of labour migration, climate change and UN reform. In part three, contributions consider the impact of social forums and wireless technology, as well as reviewing the discussion of networks from the 2004/5 Yearbook. Illustrated throughout with summaries, maps, figures, tables and photographs and encompassing regular features such as updates on previous editions and the annual data reports, the Global Civil Society Yearbook remains the standard work on all aspects of contemporary global civil society for activists, practitioners, students and academics alike. It is essential reading for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the key actors, forms and manifestations of global civil society around the world today. Y1 - 2005 SN - 978-1412911924 N1 - Available as print in your Hertie Library. Als Druckversion in der Hertie Bibliothek verfügbar. PB - SAGE CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hassel, Anke T1 - Policy- und Machtinteressen in Sozialpakten in Europa T2 - Sozialpartnerschaft : Österreichische und Europäische Perspektiven N2 - Während die neunziger Jahre EU-weit von einer bemerkenswerten Renaissance korporatistischer Arrangements geprägt waren, scheint die Entwicklung nun wieder umgekehrt zu verlaufen. Ob sich tatsächlich ein Paradigmenwechsel vom Korporatismus zum Lobbyismus vollzieht, wie verschiedentlich diagnostiziert, oder ob die Interaktion von Staat und Verbänden künftig zwischen diesen beiden Polen oszilliert, ist Thema dieses Buches. Zugleich ist es als Fallstudie zur österreichischen Sozialpartnerschaft und als vergleichende Analyse der Entwicklung in den "alten" und "neuen" Mitgliedsstaaten der EU angelegt. (Abstract zum Buch) Y1 - 2005 SN - 3-8258-8612-3 SP - 109 EP - 134 PB - Lit-Verl. CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jachtenfuchs, Markus T1 - The Monopoly of Legitimate Force : Denationalization, or Business as Usual? JF - European Review N2 - As Max Weber and many others in his tradition have argued, the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force is the core of the modern state. What counts here is not the frequency of the actual use of force but the fact that only the state has the legitimate right to use such force. The military and the police are the most concrete expressions of this monopoly. In recent decades, the use of the military and the police has been subject to external challenges – ‘globalization’ – and new ideas about police and military intervention. Although at an operational level the state retains full control over the actions of the police and military, the conditions for their use are increasingly shaped by institutionalized legitimating ideas. Y1 - 2005 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798705000189 SN - 1062-7987 VL - 13 IS - Sonderheft 1 SP - 37 EP - 52 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER -