TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - Institutional Choice in the Internal Market JF - The Modern Law Review Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12892 SN - 0026-7961 VL - 87 IS - 4 SP - 1031 EP - 1053 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helfen, Markus A1 - Sydow, Jörg A1 - Wirth, Carsten T1 - Inter-organisational human resource management and network orientation of worker representatives: a practice-based perspective JF - Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research N2 - We develop a practice-based framework of inter-organisational human resource management that puts multi-employer work arrangements in inter-firm networks at its centre. By reinterpreting existing knowledge on multi-employer work arrangements and how they are managed, we delineate four processes in the assemblage of inter-organisational HR management. To illustrate the usefulness of our framework, we explore the question of whether and how an inter-organisational HR management develops in four exemplary cases of multi-employer work arrangements. These cases reveal that the quality and degree of inter-organisational HR management varies considerably, also depending on whether worker representatives show network awareness and orient their activities towards inter-organisational relations. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589241249639 SN - 1024-2589 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 181 EP - 206 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramos, Vincent Jerald T1 - Extreme Lockdowns and the Gendered Informalization of Employment: Evidence from the Philippines JF - Work, Employment and Society N2 - The adverse effects of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes are amplified by and partly attributable to the imposition of extreme mobility restrictions. While gendered disparities in job losses and reduction in working hours are demonstrated in the literature, is an informalization of employment observed, and is this phenomenon likewise gendered? This article analyses the Philippines, a country that imposed one of the world’s longest and strictest lockdowns, and specifically how its imposition affected informal employment. A conceptual and empirical distinction between compositional and survivalist informalization is proffered – the former referring to informality induced by changes in the size and composition of overall employment, and the latter referring to informality induced by the need to work owing to absent sufficient welfare support and precautionary household savings. Examining the regional variation in lockdowns as a quasi-experiment, results demonstrate that extreme lockdowns increased the probability of informal employment among employed women but not among employed men. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241247121 SN - 0950-0170 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michel, Cynthia L. T1 - Unraveling how intermediary‐beneficiary interaction shapes policy implementation JF - Regulation & Governance N2 - As a result of policy growth, implementing agencies often face new mandates without the necessary capacity expansion to comply with, thus resorting to intermediaries. However, intermediaries are not innocuous to the implementation process, especially when they are expected to play the double role of target and intermediary, responsible for translating/interpreting regulation for beneficiaries. How does the interaction between beneficiaries and intermediaries‐target shape policy implementation? I argue that such interaction is not only determined by the role the intermediary adopts, and their relation with the beneficiary, but also by the motivations beneficiaries have for engaging in the regulatory process, and their capacity to do so. I develop a theoretical framework for understanding their interaction and apply it to a new regulatory policy in Mexico to provide social security for paid domestic workers. I explore the mechanisms by which the interaction between intermediaries and beneficiaries affects the outcome of the regulatory process. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12592 SN - 1748-5983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dermine, Paul A1 - Bobić, Ana T1 - Of Winners and Losers: A Commentary of the Bundesverfassungsgericht ORD Judgment of 6 December 2022 BT - Cases 2 BvR 547/21 and 2 BvR 798/21, Own Resources Decision Judgment of 6 December 2022 JF - European Constitutional Law Review Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019624000117 SN - 1574-0196 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 163 EP - 190 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmauk, Sarah T1 - Pathways to retirement in West Germany: Does divorce matter? JF - Advances in Life Course Research N2 - The aim of this paper is to explore how divorce is linked to pathways to retirement in West Germany and to understand whether and how patterns are gendered. Using German pension insurance data, I employ sequence and cluster analysis to map and group pathways to retirement of women and men who retired in 2018. Pathways to retirement are defined based on monthly pension insurance histories from age 50 to 65. I find nine distinct pathways to retirement, ranging from unemployment to stable low to high income pathways and to an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension, the latter representing 9.3% of the sample. Based on multinomial logistic regression models, I analyse how marital status, distinguishing between divorced and (re)married, was related to different pathways to retirement. The results show that divorced people were more likely than married people to retire through indirect and unstable pathways to retirement characterised by early exit from the labour market and receipt of reduced-earnings-capacity pensions and/or unemployment benefits. Whereas the relationship between divorce and pathways to retirement seemed to be overall unfavourable for men, the results for women are more ambiguous. Divorced women were also more likely to retire through a stable high-income pathway than married women. Nevertheless, the results suggest that divorce is associated with an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension for both women and men. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100595 SN - 1569-4909 VL - 60 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian T1 - The unexpected results of the peace referendum changed conflict termination preferences in Colombia JF - Research & Politics N2 - In October 2016, the Colombian electorate narrowly rejected in a plebiscite the final agreement to end the conflict with the longest-running armed insurgency in the Western Hemisphere, the FARC. The plebiscite’s result provides a unique opportunity to assess dynamics in civil conflict termination preferences. I exploit the unexpected victory of the No vote, observed during the AmericasBarometer fieldwork, to estimate the effect of the uncertainty about the trajectory of the conflict generated by the outcome of the plebiscite. The unexpected defeat of the peace plebiscite did not measurably change the expressed support for the recently rejected agreement. However, it increased the public support for a negotiated rather than military settlement to the conflict, as well as respondents’ willingness to give concessions to FARC members. These findings inform the broader literature on civilian preferences toward civil conflict termination and compromise. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/20531680241233793 SN - 2053-1680 VL - 11 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yuqing T1 - Lessons and challenges of China's state‐led and party‐dominated governance model JF - Global Policy N2 - The case of China gets at one of the core questions that the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) poses—can we necessarily assume that democratic accountability makes for better governance performance? China has steadily improved in public goods and state capacity according to the BGI data from 2000 and 2019, especially in terms of economic public goods and fiscal capacity due to its rapid GDP growth under an investment‐led growth model. However, China's democratic accountability has worsened, presenting an uncommon case of improved governance performance. Now China's economy stands at a crossroads amid the precedent‐breaking leadership of Xi Jinping. Will China disprove the ‘autocratic fallacy,’ whereby a dominant state setting priorities and making decisions for a society is sufficient? To what extent can China improve public goods provision and expand state capacity while limiting voice processes? This article examines key policies and strategies of China's governance performance over the past two decades. It also identifies future challenges underlying China's party‐dominated and whole‐of‐nation approach to governance and its investment‐led and export‐oriented development model. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13274 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - Suppl. 4 SP - 58 EP - 66 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yuqing T1 - India: Developmental challenges faced by a dual economy JF - Global Policy N2 - With a population of over 1.4 billion surpassing China's in 2023, India has now become the world's most populous country. Despite its robust IT and service sectors propelling it to become the fifth‐largest economy, India still grapples with low GDP per capita and significant poverty. The paradoxical nature of India's development necessitates a closer examination of its governance. Over 90% of the Indian population works outside the purview of formal democratic institutions and capital‐intensive economic sectors. Challenges arise from the need to sustain a large poor population with limited resources while catering to the formal sector that generates more than half of its GDP. India's governance exhibits a deep mismatch between its institutional design, politics and developmental needs. This article explores the duality of informal and formal sectors underlying challenges in Indian governance by way of the Berggruen Governance Index. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13272 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - Suppl. 4 SP - 104 EP - 112 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - İnal-Çekiç, Tuba A1 - Kozaman-Aygün, Senem A1 - Bilen, Ömer T1 - Reflections on “place attachment”: perceptions of urban redevelopment in an informal neighborhood in Istanbul JF - Journal of Housing and the Built Environment N2 - In the last two decades, urban redevelopment practices in informal settlements in Turkey often neglected inhabitants' spatial practices. The contradictions between conceived and lived space constitutes reactions to these spatial interventions. Against this background, this paper examines the association between place attachment and residents' attitudes toward the redevelopment project in an informally developed neighborhood. Using path and decision tree analysis of survey data, the paper explores the relationship between their attitudes towards and their attachment to the neighborhood. Our findings reveal that individuals' social and physical bonds with their neighborhood shape their attitude toward urban redevelopment. As such, this study confirms the idea that daily interactions between residents reinforce their place attachment in informal settlements where place identity compensates for the (low) quality of life. Still, our findings also demonstrate that residents' identification with the place is a more influential factor, compared to the risk of leaving the neighborhood, on the level of concern against spatial interventions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-023-10037-x SN - 1566-4910 VL - 39 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghalehdar, Payam T1 - The purpose of military force and the Obama doctrine: no fighting for face JF - International Relations N2 - The scholarly debate about the Obama doctrine has focused on the extent of military force in Obama’s foreign policy. Offering both a novel definition of presidential doctrines and a reinterpretation of the Obama doctrine, this article shifts the focus from the extent to the purpose of force. More specifically, it claims that the Obama doctrine is better described as a general unwillingness to fight for a reputation for resolve. Unlike most of his predecessors, Obama did not consider the US military as a tool for projecting firmness. Instead, his decisions concerning the use of force were dominated by material considerations, be it in limited or expansive military operations. To illustrate Obama’s refusal to fight for face, the article examines three prominent decision points during the Obama presidency – the 2009 surge in Afghanistan, the 2011 intervention in Libya, and Obama’s reaction to the Syrian regime’s use of chemical weapons in 2013. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231151907 SN - 0047-1178 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - Why European legal scholarship should become aware of Karl Polanyi: The Great Transformation and the integration project JF - European Law Open N2 - As the Second World War was drawing to a close in 1944, two great works of political economy were published. One of them was Friedrich August von Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom, inspiring the defenders of free market movements ever since and up to the present. The other was Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation. This essay will focus on Polanyi but also pay tribute to Hayek. Contrasting the two helps to understand both of them better. Of the two, Hayek, the Nobel prize winner, is of course more widely known and by far more influential. But Polanyi’s work, too, has achieved and has been attracting as of recently such attention that one of the Directors of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies in Cologne proclaimed that ‘we are all Polanyian now’, not only in economic sociology, but also in related disciplines, including, of course, political economy and political theory. A plethora of aspects of The Great Transformation are very widely discussed. This essay will be concerned with the not-so-well explored importance of Polanyi’s work for European Law and legal scholarship in general, including his theorems on the ‘embedded economy’, his conceptualisation of labour as a ‘fictitious commodity’ as well as the notion of counter-movements. It will then juxtapose Polanyi’s expectation of a new international order with the development of the European integration project and sketch out the contours of the democracy-enhancing conflicts law and its affinities with Polanyian core normative principles. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/elo.2022.55 SN - 2752-6135 VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 1067 EP - 1079 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Wood, Tamara A1 - Elbasyouny, Ahmed T1 - Analysing group refugee recognition in African states’ law and practice T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 11 Y1 - 2023 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55771 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers ET - No. 11 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Celik, Gorkem A1 - Strausz, Roland T1 - Selling Certification of Private and Market Information T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We consider a monopolistic certifier selling certification services to a partially privately informed seller. The certifier can enable the seller to disclose her private information publicly, as well as gather additional market information about the good's quality publicly. We show that the certifier's optimal contract exhibits maximal disclosure but non-maximal information-gathering. Thus, optimal contracts eliminate private information but not market uncertainty; even though the latter would be costless, it is suboptimal as it requires excessive information rents to the seller. Thus, market inefficiencies remain due to market uncertainty but not due to private information. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 45 Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55762 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 45 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Aydin, Eren A1 - Gehrsitz, Markus A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Greener Fleet, Cleaner Air: How Low Emission Zones Reduce Pollution N2 - Using a stacked differences-in-differences approach, we study the effects of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) in Germany. The implementation of stage 1 and 2 LEZs, which banned the most pollution-intensive vehicles from city centers, significantly reduced PM10 concentrations. The most restrictive third stage had no detectable, additional effect. Analyzing the mechanisms behind these improvements, we find weak evidence of a 2% traffic decline inside LEZs. Exploiting novel data, our main results document small but precisely estimated effects on the local fleet composition: LEZs induced the replacement of 50,000 older, emission-intensive diesel vehicles with newer, less polluting gasoline cars. Our estimates suggest that LEZs had lower social costs than previously estimated. KW - low emission zones KW - vehicle fleet composition KW - emission standards Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/17144/greener-fleet-cleaner-air-how-low-emission-zones-reduce-pollution IS - IZA DP No. 17144 PB - IZA – Institute of Labor Economics CY - Bonn ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. A1 - Szumilo, Nikodem A1 - Tripathy, Jagdish T1 - Housing-consumption channel of mortgage demand T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We quantify the housing-consumption channel in mortgage demand according to which households borrow more following house-price increases since housing and non-housing consumption are imperfect substitutes. To identify this channel, we take a structural approach to mortgage demand and supply, exploiting exogenous variation in house-price growth and a unique dataset with matched transaction- price and mortgage information. We estimate an elasticity of mortgage borrowing to house-prices of 0.82. Counterfactual analysis of the general-equilibrium of housing and mortgage markets shows that, sans housing-consumption channel, mortgage and house-price growth in the UK would have been 50% and 31% lower, respectively, since the 1990s. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 44 Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55725 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 44 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knox, Dean A1 - Lowe, Will A1 - Mummolo, Jonathan T1 - Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Policing JF - American Political Science Review N2 - Researchers often lack the necessary data to credibly estimate racial discrimination in policing. In particular, police administrative records lack information on civilians police observe but do not investigate. In this article, we show that if police racially discriminate when choosing whom to investigate, analyses using administrative records to estimate racial discrimination in police behavior are statistically biased, and many quantities of interest are unidentified—even among investigated individuals—absent strong and untestable assumptions. Using principal stratification in a causal mediation framework, we derive the exact form of the statistical bias that results from traditional estimation. We develop a bias-correction procedure and nonparametric sharp bounds for race effects, replicate published findings, and show the traditional estimator can severely underestimate levels of racially biased policing or mask discrimination entirely. We conclude by outlining a general and feasible design for future studies that is robust to this inferential snare. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000039 SN - 0003-0554 VL - 114 IS - 3 SP - 619 EP - 637 PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Daalen, Kim R A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Markandya, Anil A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Achebak, Hicham A1 - Ballester, Joan A1 - Bechara, Hannah A1 - Callaghan, Max W A1 - Chambers, Jonathan A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Drummond, Paul A1 - Farooq, Zia A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Gonzalez-Reviriego, Nube A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Kazmierczak, Aleksandra A1 - Kendrovski, Vladimir A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Lloyd, Simon J A1 - Lotto Batista, Martin A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Milà, Carles A1 - Minx, Jan C A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Palamarchuk, Julia A1 - Quijal-Zamorano, Marcos A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth J Z A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Schmoll, Oliver A1 - Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo A1 - Sjödin, Henrik A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Solaraju-Murali, Balakrishnan A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Triñanes, Joaquin A1 - Anto, Josep M A1 - Nilsson, Maria A1 - Lowe, Rachel T1 - The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future JF - The Lancet Public Health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00197-9 SN - 2468-2667 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - E942 EP - E965 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Graham, Hilary A1 - Hudson, David A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - vanHeerde-Hudson, Jennifer A1 - Watts, Nick T1 - Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies JF - Communications Earth & Environment N2 - Public support for climate policies is important for their efficacy, yet little is known about how different framings of climate change affect public support for climate policies around the world. Here we report findings from a conjoint experiment of 7,500 adults in five countries – China, Germany, India, UK, and USA – to identify climate messages that elicit greater support for policies to tackle climate change. Messages were randomly varied on four attributes: positive (opportunity) or negative (threat) framings, theme (health, environment, economy, migration), scale (individual, community, national, global), and time (current, 2030, 2050). We find that a positive frame, health and environmental frames, and global and immediate frames bolster public support. We examine differences between countries, and across groups within countries – particularly focusing on the effect of these frames among individuals that are unconcerned about climate change. Among this group, positive and health frames increase the likelihood of support for climate policies, indicating the relevance of these frames for shifting policy preferences for different audience groups. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00571-x SN - 2662-4435 VL - 3 IS - 1 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Hansen, Finn A1 - Lee, Yuan Ting A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - The German coal debate on Twitter: Reactions to a corporate policy process JF - Energy Policy N2 - Phasing out coal is a prerequisite to achieving the Paris climate mitigation targets. In 2018, the German government established a multi-stakeholder commission with the mandate to negotiate a plan for the national coal phase-out, fueling a continued public debate over the future of coal. This study analyzes the German coal debate on Twitter before, during, and after the session of the so-called Coal Commission, over a period of three years. In particular, we investigate whether and how the work of the commission translated into shared perceptions and sentiments in the public debate on Twitter. We find that the sentiment of the German coal debate on Twitter becomes increasingly negative over time. In addition, the sentiment becomes more polarized over time due to an increase in the use of more negative and positive language. The analysis of retweet networks shows no increase in interactions between communities over time. These findings suggest that the Coal Commission did not further consensus in the coal debate on Twitter. While the debate on social media only represents a section of the national debate, it provides insights for policy-makers to evaluate the interaction of multi-stakeholder commissions and public debates. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113178 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 169 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weeks, Liam A1 - Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava A1 - Herzog, Alex A1 - Ó Fathartaigh, Mícheál A1 - Bechara, Hannah T1 - It’s Only Words? Analysing the Roots of the Irish Party System Using Historical Parliamentary Debates JF - Parliamentary Affairs N2 - While the public image of legislative debates is often less than favourable, parliamentary deliberations can be an important indicator of policy preferences, issue saliency and cohesion within political parties. We consider the case of a parliamentary debate that had a considerable long-term political legacy, forging a party system that endured for almost a century. The debates in the Irish parliament over the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty were a critical juncture that split a dominant party, resulting in, first, a civil war and, later, a new mode of party competition. We analyse the text of the debates from this period to see if they contribute to a greater understanding of the ensuing split. Few differences between the two sides in parliament are found, which might explain why few were the differences between the key actors in the party system that evolved. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsac020 SN - 0031-2290 N1 - Published 29 September 2022 Weeks, L., Jankin Mikhaylov, S., Herzog, A., Ó Fathartaigh, M., & Bechara, H. (2023). It’s Only Words? Analysing the Roots of the Irish Party System Using Historical Parliamentary Debates. Parliamentary Affairs, 76(4), 836–856. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsac020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lima de Miranda, Katharina A1 - Snower, Dennis J. T1 - The societal responses to COVID-19: Evidence from the G7 countries JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences N2 - This paper provides a picture of how societies in the G7 countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our point of departure is to examine the effects of the pandemic in terms of four fundamental normative sources for well-being: Solidarity (S; willingness for social cooperation), Agency (A; empowerment to shape one’s prospects through one’s own efforts), GDP (G), and Environmental Performance (E)—SAGE for short. The normative foundations of SAGE are communitarianism, classical liberalism, materialistic utilitarianism, and ecoethics. We find that although G and E responded predictably and uniformly to the pandemic (such as G declining and carbon emissions improving), the societal responses were strikingly different. Societies that are cohesive and empowered (high S and A) may be expected to cope with the pandemic better than those that are fragmented and disempowered (low S and A). Furthermore, the pandemic has had diverse effects on S and A; while some societies became cohering and empowering (rising S and A), others became fragmenting and disempowering (falling S and A), and yet others became fragmenting and empowering. We also show that most G7 countries experienced greater tribalization (measured as the difference between inward S and outward S) during the pandemic. These trends are a matter of concern since they suggest that the willingness and perceived ability to address collective challenges collectively have waned. The analysis also suggests that governments’ social policies may have an important role to play alongside economic and health policies in coping with the pandemic. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117155119 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 119 IS - 25 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Friberg, Peter A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Kuylenstierna, Johan A1 - Nilsson, Maria T1 - The inclusion of health in major global reports on climate change and biodiversity JF - BMJ Global Health N2 - This article argues that human health has become a key consideration in recent global reports on climate change and biodiversity produced by various international organisations; however, greater attention must be given to the unequal health impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss around the world and the different health adaptation measures that are urgently required. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008731 SN - 2059-7908 VL - 7 IS - 6 PB - BMJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumacher, Julian A1 - Trebesch, Christoph A1 - Enderlein, Henrik T1 - Sovereign defaults in court JF - Journal of International Economics N2 - For centuries, defaulting governments were immune from legal action by foreign creditors. This paper shows that this is no longer the case. Building a dataset covering four decades, we find that creditor lawsuits have become an increasingly common feature of sovereign debt markets. The legal developments have strengthened the hands of creditors and raised the cost of default for debtors. We show that legal disputes in the US and the UK disrupt government access to international capital markets, as foreign courts can impose a financial embargo on sovereigns. The findings are consistent with theoretical models with creditor sanctions and suggest that sovereign debt is becoming more enforceable. We discuss how the threat of litigation affects debt management, government willingness to pay, and the resolution of debt crises. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103388 SN - 0022-1996 VL - 131 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. T1 - The Rise of Digital Repression: How Technology Is Reshaping Power, Politics, and Resistance. By Steven Feldstein. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. 336p. $29.95 cloth. JF - Perspectives on Politics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592722000330 SN - 1537-5927 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 773 EP - 775 PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hässler, Tabea A1 - Ullrich, Johannes A1 - Sebben, Simone A1 - Shnabel, Nurit A1 - Bernardino, Michelle A1 - Valdenegro, Daniel A1 - Van Laar, Colette A1 - González, Roberto A1 - Visintin, Emilio Paolo A1 - Tropp, Linda R. A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Abrams, Dominic A1 - Aydin, Anna Lisa A1 - Pereira, Adrienne A1 - Selvanathan, Hema Preya A1 - von Zimmermann, Jorina A1 - Lantos, Nóra Anna A1 - Sainz, Mario A1 - Glenz, Andreas A1 - Kende, Anna A1 - Oberpfalzerová, Hana A1 - Bilewicz, Michal A1 - Branković, Marija A1 - Noor, Masi A1 - Pasek, Michael H. A1 - Wright, Stephen C. A1 - Žeželj, Iris A1 - Kuzawinska, Olga A1 - Maloku, Edona A1 - Otten, Sabine A1 - Gul, Pelin A1 - Bareket, Orly A1 - Corkalo Biruski, Dinka A1 - Mugnol-Ugarte, Luiza A1 - Osin, Evgeny A1 - Baiocco, Roberto A1 - Cook, Jonathan E. A1 - Dawood, Maneeza A1 - Droogendyk, Lisa A1 - Loyo, Angélica Herrera A1 - Jelić, Margareta A1 - Kelmendi, Kaltrina A1 - Pistella, Jessica T1 - Need satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multinational study of pathways toward social change JF - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000365 SN - 1939-1315 VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 634 EP - 658 PB - American Psychological Association (APA) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chelotti, Nicola A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava T1 - Do Intergovernmental Organizations Have a Socialization Effect on Member State Preferences? Evidence from the UN General Debate JF - International Studies Quarterly N2 - The question of whether intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) have a socialization effect on member state preferences is central to international relations. However, empirical studies have struggled to separate the socializing effects of IGOs on preferences from the coercion and incentives associated with IGOs that may lead to foreign policy alignment without altering preferences. This article addresses this issue. We adopt a novel approach to measuring state preferences by applying text analytic methods to country statements in the annual United Nations General Debate (UNGD). The absence of interstate coordination with UNGD statements makes them particularly well suited for testing socialization effects on state preferences. We focus on the European Union (EU), enabling us to incorporate the pre-accession period—when states have the strongest incentives for foreign policy alignment—into our analysis. The results of our analysis show that EU membership has a socialization effect that produces preference convergence, controlling for coercion and incentive effects. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab069 SN - 0020-8833 VL - 66 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press (OUP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Causal Modelling in Fertility Research: A Review of the Literature and an Application to a Parental Leave Policy Reform JF - Comparative Population Studies N2 - This paper reviews empirical studies that have examined the causal determinants of fertility behaviour. In particular, we compare the approaches adopted in the different disciplines to improve our understanding of how birth dynamics are influenced by changes in female employment and changes in family policies. The wide array of panel data that have become available in recent years provide great potential for advanced causal modelling in this field. Event history modelling has been a dominant approach in sociology and demography. However, researchers are increasingly turning to other methods to unravel causal effects, such as fixed-effects modelling, the regression discontinuity approach, and statistical matching. We summarise selected studies, and discuss the advantages and the shortcomings of the different approaches. In an empirical section, we analyse the impact of the German 2007 policy reform on birth behaviour to illustrate the difficulties involved in isolating policy effects. The final chapter concludes by underscoring that even simple modelling strategies may be beneficial for improving our understanding of how policy effects shape demographic behaviour, and for laying the groundwork for more fine-grained causal investigations. * This article belongs to a special issue on “Identification of causal mechanisms in demographic research: The contribution of panel data”. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12765/cpos-2021-10 SN - 1869-8999 VL - 46 PB - German Federal Institute for Population Research ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göbel, Sascha A1 - Munzert, Simon T1 - The Comparative Legislators Database JF - British Journal of Political Science N2 - Knowledge about political representatives' behavior is crucial for a deeper understanding of politics and policy-making processes. Yet resources on legislative elites are scattered, often specialized, limited in scope or not always accessible. This article introduces the Comparative Legislators Database (CLD), which joins micro-data collection efforts on open-collaboration platforms and other sources, and integrates with renowned political science datasets. The CLD includes political, sociodemographic, career, online presence, public attention, and visual information for over 45,000 contemporary and historical politicians from ten countries. The authors provide a straightforward and open-source interface to the database through an R package, offering targeted, fast and analysis-ready access in formats familiar to social scientists and standardized across time and space. The data is verified against human-coded datasets, and its use for investigating legislator prominence and turnover is illustrated. The CLD contributes to a central hub for versatile information about legislators and their behavior, supporting individual-level comparative research over long periods. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123420000897 SN - 0007-1234 N1 - Published online 23 February 2021 Göbel, S., & Munzert, S. (2022). The Comparative Legislators Database. British Journal of Political Science, 52(3), 1398–1408. doi:10.1017/S0007123420000897 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg A1 - Flinders, Matthew A1 - Hustedt, Thurid T1 - A comparative analysis of senior civil servants’ involvement in media management JF - Policy & Politics N2 - This article offers results of a comparative case study into how pressures from the media translate into the involvement of senior civil servants (SCSs) in media management and how this is reflected in differentiated ways in politico-administrative relationships. It offers tentative explanations for these differences through the lens of ‘public service bargains’. Based upon a qualitative analysis of documents and 62 interviews with SCSs and advisers in Denmark, Sweden and the UK, the research found that: (i) media management, in some countries, generates an extension and an amplification of the normative expectations towards SCSs’ involvement in media management; (ii) this is accompanied by a revitalisation of the reflections from SCSs to balance their responsiveness to the minister with anonymity and neutrality when involved in media management; (iii) an extensive formal politicisation seems to curb pressures on SCSs’ anonymity and neutrality and their involvement in media management. These findings improve our knowledge of SCSs’ involvement in media management by raising crucial questions about the political neutrality of administrators, tendencies towards politicised governance and (more) interventionist political staffers – amid intensified pressures from the media on governments. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1332/03055736y2024d000000037 SN - 0305-5736 N1 - Published online 20 May 2024 PB - Bristol University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Napp, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Saftig, Lynn A1 - Gilbert, Martha A1 - Reiß, Franziska A1 - Löffler, Constanze A1 - Simon, Anja Miriam A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Walper, Sabine A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hölling, Heike A1 - Wieler, Lothar Heinz A1 - Erhart, Michael T1 - Three years into the pandemic: results of the longitudinal German COPSY study on youth mental health and health-related quality of life JF - Frontiers in Public Health N2 - Purpose For the past three years, the German longitudinal COPSY (COVID-19 and PSYchological Health) study has monitored changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May–June 2020 (W1), December 2020–January 2021 (W2), September–October 2021 (W3), February 2022 (W4), and September–October 2022 (W5). In total, n = 2,471 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years (n = 1,673 aged 11–17 years with self-reports) were assessed using internationally established and validated measures of HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2), psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL), and fear about the future (DFS-K). Findings were compared to prepandemic population-based data. Results While the prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 48% at W2, it improved to 27% at W5. Similarly, overall mental health problems rose from 18% prepandemic to W1 through W2 (30–31%), and since then slowly declined (W3: 27%, W4: 29%, W5: 23%). Anxiety doubled from 15% prepandemic to 30% in W2 and declined to 25% (W5) since then. Depressive symptoms increased from 15%/10% (CES-DC/PHQ-2) prepandemic to 24%/15% in W2, and slowly decreased to 14%/9% in W5. Psychosomatic complaints are across all waves still on the rise. 32–44% of the youth expressed fears related to other current crises. Conclusion Mental health of the youth improved in year 3 of the pandemic, but is still lower than before the pandemic. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129073 SN - 2296-2565 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Claassen, Casper Hendrik A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Bidet, Eric T1 - Social Enterprises Within the Public Sector’s Purview: A Taxonomy-Based Study on South Korea JF - VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - This study applies a hierarchical clustering approach to identify social enterprise models that have appeared in a setting of public sector-led incubation. Within such a context, a high degree of conformity ought to be apparent due to the coercive isomorphic pressures associated with public sector patronage. We nominate South Korea for our analysis, given that the rising number of social enterprises in the country is closely related to a regulatory intervention. Based on an analysis of 468 social enterprises, we find, contrary to expectations, that distinct clusters of government-certified social enterprises have emerged, namely social utility niche, job outsourcing, market opportunity, and integrated balanced models. We typologize these models according to their strategic orientation, mission focus, and institutional alignment. In doing so, we contribute to social enterprise research by illustrating how organizational pluralism may manifest when the growth of a population of social enterprises is directly linked to public sector intervention and regulation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-023-00622-7 SN - 0957-8765 N1 - Published 05 December 2023. Claassen, C. H., Mair, J., & Bidet, E. (2024). Social Enterprises Within the Public Sector’s Purview: A Taxonomy-Based Study on South Korea. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 35(3), 570–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-023-00622-7 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jessen, Jonas A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian A1 - Weinhardt, Felix A1 - Berkes, Jan T1 - Separate Housework Spheres T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Using novel time-use data from Germany before and after reunification, we document two facts: First, spouses who both work full-time exhibit similar housework patterns whether they do so voluntarily or due to a full-time mandate, as in the GDR. Second, men’s amount of housework is independent of their spouse’s labour supply. We theoretically explain this pattern by the presence of two household goods and socially learned gender-specific comparative advantage in their home production. We label this gender specialisation as separate housework spheres. Empirical evidence strongly confirms separate housework spheres in the GDR, West Germany, subsequent years post-reunification, and in international time-use data across 17 countries since the 1970s. We consider several implications, such as those for child penalties, where separate housework spheres provide a novel explanation for why it is the mothers whose labour market outcomes strongly deteriorate upon the arrival of children. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 43 Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55494 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 43 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Danilov, Anastasia A1 - Hong, Ju Yeong A1 - Schöttner, Anja T1 - Strategic Use of Unfriendly Leadership and Labor Market Competition: An Experimental Analysis T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - A significant portion of the workforce experiences what we term `unfriendly leadership,' encompassing various forms of hostile behavior exhibited by managers. The motivations driving managers to adopt such behaviors are insufficiently understood. To explore this phenomenon, we conducted a laboratory experiment examining the relationship between managers' use of unfriendly leadership and labor market competition. We discern two labor market states: excess labor demand, where managers compete to hire workers, and excess labor supply, where workers compete to be hired. By perceiving unfriendly leadership as a performance-contingent punishment device inflicting discomfort on workers, we hypothesize that managers are less inclined to resort to unfriendly leadership when they compete to hire workers. We find that managers tend to engage in unfriendly leadership more frequently and intensely under excess labor supply, in comparison to excess labor demand. This trend is particularly pronounced among male participants. Additionally, workers display a decreased likelihood of accepting employment offers from more unfriendly managers and exert lower levels of effort when working under such managers, indicating that unfriendly leadership is costly. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 42 Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55471 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 42 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmauk, Sarah A1 - Kridahl, Linda T1 - Who receives the most? Gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in West Germany and Sweden JF - Ageing and Society N2 - Sweden and West Germany have had persistently high divorce rates in recent decades, but these two welfare states were differently equipped to mitigate the economic consequences of divorce for individual security in old age: Sweden followed a gender-equal policy approach to enable women and men to achieve economic autonomy, while West Germany, following the male-breadwinner model, introduced the system of ‘divorce-splitting’ to account for differences in women's and men's income. Against this background, this study uses large-scale register data from the German Public Pension Fund and the Swedish population registers to examine how divorce is related to the monthly public old-age pension income of women and men. The main comparison groups are divorced and (re)married individuals who entered retirement between 2013 and 2018. We descriptively show annual income histories from ages 20 to 65, and calculate monthly public old-age pension income with respect to lifetime income and pension regulations, such as the supplements/deductions for ‘divorce-splitting’. Multiple ordinary least square regression models further examine how family status relates to monthly public old-age pension income by gender. The results reveal that women and men in Sweden experience similar working histories, although women's incomes are lower. This is also reflected in women still having lower pension incomes than men. However, divorced and married women show comparable pension incomes, while divorced men receive approximately 26 per cent less pension income than married men. In West Germany, divorced women have significantly higher pension incomes than married women. The system of ‘divorce-splitting’ increases women's and decreases men's pension incomes, which seems to equalise their pension incomes. However, both stay below a married man's pension income. The findings indicate economic inequality in public old-age pension income by family status in Sweden and West Germany. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X23000703 SP - 1 EP - 24 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca ED - De Abreu Duarte, Francisco ED - Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca T1 - Tracing Transparency: Public Governance of Algorithms and the Experience of Contact Tracing Apps T2 - Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781509955985 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509956012.ch-005 SP - 77 EP - 102 PB - Bloomsbury Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wegrich, Kai ED - Goldfinch, Shaun Francis T1 - Public sector innovation: which season of public sector reform? T2 - Handbook of Public Administration Reform Y1 - 2023 SN - 978 1 80037 673 1 SP - 131 EP - 145 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Revillard, Anne A1 - Corno, Lucia A1 - Fernandez, José Luis A1 - Mason, Danielle A1 - Umbach, Gaby A1 - Bodenstein, Thilo A1 - Cartwright, Andrew A1 - Melenciuc, Ioana-Roxana A1 - Wegrich, Kai A1 - Stone, Diane T1 - Developing policy evaluation in an academic setting: assets and challenges T2 - Débat du LIEPP N2 - Based on a seminar organized by LIEPP and CIVICA which took place at Sciences Po in June 2022, this publication brings together ten academic researchers from seven different CIVICA universities (Bocconi, CEU, EUI, Hertie School, LSE, Sciences Po, SNSPA), who are involved in various forms of policy evaluation. These contributions from Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and the United Kingdom, reflect on the assets and challenges of developing policy evaluation in an academic setting. The seminar was organized as part of CIVICA’s research focus on “Democracy in the 21st century”, but through the crosscutting nature of program evaluation, it is also of interest to CIVICA’s three others research streams (on societies in transition, data, and Europe revisited). The aim of this debate is thus to better understand the specificities, assets and challenges of developing evaluation from within an academic setting, in view of eventually reflecting on possible ways to collectively reinforce this practice within CIVICA, and use CIVICA as a leverage to reinforce this practice. This debate is organized around two topics, developing academic evaluative research, and the role of academic institutions in outreach and training in evaluation. Contributions are based on presentations of the experiences of each CIVICA partner. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-04074380/ IS - n°7 ER - TY - THES A1 - Naujoks, Tabea T1 - The division of labor in couples with children: A dyadic analysis in the German context N2 - This cumulative dissertation examines how couples with children in Germany divide paid and unpaid work and identifies several factors related to a more egalitarian division of labor. In the first paper, I focus on the division of paid work in couples with children, comparing female same-sex and different-sex couples, which constitutes an empirical novelty. Discussing the applicability of division of labor theories to same-sex couples, I further exploit the historically shaped gender culture of East and West Germany. Based on the German Microcensus (2010-2019) and using pooled OLS regressions, I show that female same-sex couples divide paid work more equally than different-sex couples. Comparing East and West Germany, I find a similarly equal division of paid work among same-sex and different-sex couples in the East, while different-sex couples in the West specialize more. The analysis highlights the importance of the cultural context and normative explanations of the division of labor. The second paper turns to childcare, the intersection of the paid working life with the father’s contribution to childcare being a key concern of researchers and policymakers. The COVID-19 pandemic and the short-time work scheme provided a “natural experiment” for investigating this nexus. Based on IAB-HOPP data and multinomial logistic regressions, we show that fathers in short-time work take over more care responsibilities than fathers continuously employed with regular working 1 hours. The findings indicate that policies targeting men’s working hours can affect the gendered distribution of childcare within couples. The third paper focuses on the methodological problem of analyzing the division of unpaid work in couples often from one partner’s perspective only. Therefore, I examine the determinants of ‘perception gaps’ (defined as the mismatches between partners’ responses). Based on pairfam data, I analyze respondents’ reports on housework and childcare during the transition to first parenthood and show that a substantial perception gap exists, with 30% regarding housework and 25% concerning childcare. Results of the logistic regressions indicate that perception gaps are lowest among couples where the woman is employed or highly educated. These findings clearly underline the importance of a dyadic perspective on the division of labor in couples. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 09/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55381 N1 - Part of this dissertation has been published: Chapter 3 Journal article: Naujoks, T., Kreyenfeld, M., & Dummert, S. (2022). The division of child care during the coronavirus crisis in Germany: How did short-time work affect fathers’ engagement? Journal of Family Research, 34(1), 67-98. https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-717 Pre-print: Naujoks, T., Kreyenfeld, M., & Dummert, S. (2021). The Coronavirus Crisis, Fathers’ Short-Time Work, and the Division of Child Care in Couples. Working Paper. Hertie School. https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-3870 N1 - shelf mark: 2024D009 + 2024D009+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Yaakoubi, Yassine A1 - Donti, Priya L. A1 - Kaack, Lynn H. A1 - Rolnick, David A1 - Dunietz, Jesse A1 - Malik, Muneeb A1 - Afolabi, Temilola A1 - Kuhne, Paul A1 - Ndzimande, Onezwa A1 - Chinyamakobvu, Mutsa A1 - Gombakomba, Ruvimbo A1 - Chibvongodze, Vongai A1 - Leslie, Timothy A1 - Bjärby, Effuah A1 - Letuka, Teboho T1 - Grand Challenge Initiatives in AI for Climate & Nature: Landscape Assessment and Recommendations Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ccai-reports.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/grand-challenge-initiatives-ai-climate-nature.pdf PB - Climate Change AI (CCAI) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chevance, Guillaume A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Braga, Kaue A1 - Clifton, Kelly A1 - Hoadley, Suzanne A1 - Kaack, Lynn H. A1 - Kaiser, Silke K. A1 - Lampkowski, Marcelo A1 - Lupu, Iuliana A1 - Radics, Miklós A1 - Velázquez-Cortés, Daniel A1 - Williams, Sarah A1 - Woodcock, James A1 - Tonne, Cathryn T1 - Data gaps in transport behavior are bottleneck for tracking progress towards healthy sustainable transport in European cities JF - Environmental Research Letters Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad42b3 VL - 19 IS - 5 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leininger, Arndt A1 - Murr, Andreas E. A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Kayser, Mark A. ED - Schoen, Harald ED - Weßels, Bernhard T1 - Bürger:innenprognosen in einem Mischwahlsystem: Die deutsche Bundestagswahl 2021 als Testfall T2 - Wahlen und Wähler N2 - Wie viele Wahlkreise gewinnt welche Partei bei der Bundestagswahl? Diese Frage war im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2021 trotz des deutschen Mischwahlsystems unter Fachleuten wie auch einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit von besonderem Interesse. Diesem Bedarf an Vorhersagen bedient in jüngerer Zeit eine zunehmende Zahl von Prognosemodellen, die sich jedoch fast ausschließlich auf die Zweitstimme abzielen. Für Wahlkreise gibt es nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch in reinen Mehrheitswahlsystemen, kaum relevante Umfragen. Wir führten daher eine Wahlerwartungsumfrage durch, um den Wahlausgang in jedem einzelnen Bundestagswahlkreis zu prognostizieren. Wir nennen unseren Ansatz Bürger:innenprognose, weil er auf den Erwartungen der Bürger:innen über das Wahlverhalten ihrer Mitbürger:innen beruht und nicht auf deren selbstberichteten Wahlabsichten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir unsere Bürger:innenprognose vor, evaluieren ihre Genauigkeit und vergleichen sie mit anderen Ansätzen zur Wahlprognose. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783658426934 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42694-1_15 SP - 383 EP - 411 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gilli, Andrea A1 - Gilli, Mauro A1 - Grgić, Gorana A1 - Henke, Marina A1 - Lanoszka, Alexander A1 - Meijer, Hugo A1 - Scaglioli, Lucrezia A1 - Silove, Nina A1 - Simón, Luis A1 - Smeets, Max T1 - Strategic Shifts and NATO’s new Strategic Concept Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1716 SN - 2618-0057 IS - NDC Research Paper No.24 PB - NATO Defense College CY - Rome ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Henke, Marina T1 - The “dos and don’ts” of strategy making Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1678 SN - 2617-6009 PB - NATO Defense College CY - Rome ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Feist, Marian A1 - Kühner, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Selling CBAM: Diplomacy for the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/en/publication/analysis-selling-cbam-diplomacy-for-the-european-unions-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2024.010 PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drapalova, Eliska A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Platforms´ regulatory disruptiveness and local regulatory outcomes in Europe JF - Internet Policy Review N2 - One of the manifestations of platform power is the ability of platforms to successfully ignore existing rules and disrupt established patterns of regulation, thereby challenging the pillars of the regulatory state. But while the disruptive nature of the platform economy has often been invoked, it has rarely been empirically researched. We aim to fill this gap by putting the ‘disruption’ thesis to the test. We investigated whether platform companies disrupt local regulations. The findings show that sectoral platform companies are less disruptive to local regulations than widely believed. Platforms face a variety of regulatory responses, including the enforcement of regulations and the banning of platforms that fail to respect local rules. We operationalise disruption as the implementation of new regulation, exploring where and whether regulatory disruption takes place. This article combines a comparative analysis of 99 city regulations in the transport (ride-hailing) and housing (apartment-sharing) sectors in which platform companies are active, with examples from qualitative case studies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/platforms-regulatory-disruptiveness U6 - https://doi.org/10.14763/2024.2.1745 VL - 13 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Silvia A1 - Hamilton Byrne, William A1 - Oidtmann, Raphael T1 - The Blind Men and the Elephant: An Empirical Analysis of the Social Sciences in International Law JF - Nordic Journal of International Law N2 - What is the role of the social sciences in international law? This article maps how international law interacts with the social sciences, including its concepts, findings, methods, and epistemologies. It provides a first encompassing genealogy of social science references in six renowned international law journals, including the American, Asian, European, Leiden, and Nordic Journal of International Law as well as the British International and Comparative Law Quarterly, by using a corpus linguistic approach that encompasses more than 15,000 documents from 1907 to 2022. Moreover, it explores how structural factors related to the institutionalization and funding of certain strands of social science-inspired international law scholarship have influenced regional and temporal patterns in Europe, Germany, and Australia. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15718107-bja10076 SN - 0902-7351 VL - 93 IS - 1 SP - 11 EP - 37 PB - Brill ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoijtink, Marijn A1 - Mühlenhoff, Hanna L. A1 - Welfens, Natalie T1 - Whose (in)security? Gender, race and coloniality in European security policies: Introduction to the Special Issue JF - European Security N2 - Building on feminist and postcolonial theoretical approaches across International Relations (IR) and security studies, this Special Issue advances an emerging research agenda within EU studies by shedding light on the gendered and racialised logics of EU security and their links to colonial histories and practices. Together, the contributions to this Special Issue demonstrate how EU security is intrinsically connected to and constituted by histories of colonialism, racism and patriarchy. At the same time, they also highlight how the colonial, racialised and gendered dynamics that underpin EU security and that are mobilised by the EU, its institutions and member states are always complex and shifting. Importantly, they do so by decentring our analysis of EU security moving our focus often away from the EU and towards different, somewhat unexpected sites and geographical locations of EU security. The current war in Ukraine underwrites the need for more historical, contextual and decentred work on EU security, while also highlighting the necessity to reflect on dominant practices of knowledge production and the experiences of people living in and with war through a feminist and postcolonial lens KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2023.2235286 SN - 0966-2839 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 335 EP - 346 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Auz, Juan ED - Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine ED - Peel, Jacqueline T1 - Climate Crisis and the Testing of International Human Rights Remedies: Forecasting the Inter-American Court of Human Rights T2 - Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au défi des changements climatiques KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-90-04-68239-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-8096_pplcdu_a9789004682399_13 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sękowska-Kozłowska, Katarzyna A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna A1 - Grygiel-Zasada, Joanna A1 - Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Poland T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_016 SP - 823 EP - 898 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steininger, Silvia A1 - Paige, Tamsin Phillipa ED - González Hauck, Sué ED - Kunz, Raffaela ED - Milas, Max T1 - 4.2 Interdisciplinarity T2 - Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003451327-5/methods-su%C3%A9-gonz%C3%A1lez-hauck-max-milas-silvia-steininger-tamsin-phillipa-paige?context=ubx&refId=5bdaf8e6-ea7d-43fe-a8e2-64a43ad21f5b SN - 9781003451327 SP - 128 EP - 140 PB - Routledge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna T1 - Poland’s Sham 'Migration' Referendum T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/0080ea603408fec9 IS - 2023/10/11 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Briddick, Catherine A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Supreme Judgecraft: Non-Refoulement and the end of the UK-Rwanda ‘deal’? T2 - Verfassungsblog KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/6ac71ea278f0af98 IS - 2023/11/20 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Steininger, Silvia T1 - The CJEU’s Feminist Turn? Gender-based Persecution as a Ground for Protection T2 - Verfassungsblog KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/fb74a4298ba57dc0 IS - 2024/02/20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - Optimism in International Human Rights Law Scholarship JF - American Journal of International Law N2 - As a field of practice, international human rights law (IHRL) is in constant motion. The four books under review explore the legal, political, and civic dynamics that continuously shape and reshape this vibrant area of law. In this Essay, I underscore two important trends in contemporary IHRL scholarship that these books highlight. First, these works share a strong emphasis on agency, understood as human action that makes a difference in the world, be it the agency of individuals, domestic civil society organizations, transnational organizations, or courts. Highlighting agency, rather than overarching political, economic, and social structures, in turn shifts the attention from human rights law and doctrine “in the books” to an understanding of human rights law as a purposive and dynamic practice. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2024.3 SN - 0002-9300 VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 374 EP - 387 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Silvia T1 - Where is the l(ove)? Excavating law and labour in The Redress of Law JF - European Law Open N2 - In his monograph The Redress of Law, Emilios Christodoulidis provides a sophisticated genealogical study of the emergence of total market thinking in Europe. With market constitutionalism having sidelined political constitutionalism, the potential of law to organise the political community is significantly restricted. By examining the commodification of labour, processes of bargaining, unemployment, and strikes, Christodoulidis demonstrates the destructive consequences of law in the service of market rationalities as well as its potential for strategic action to build collective identity in the EU (European Union). Yet, I argue that this book comes with two significant blind spots, namely a dated understanding of both law and labour. First of all, Christodoulidis’s systems theoretical understanding of law is neglecting the material conditions that law continuously re-produces in the course of globalization. Secondly, his vision of labour remains rather traditional, focused on unionised, white, and male workers. Both elements are central pillars of his analysis but do not reflect the current reality of the 21st century. In this Article, I challenge his conceptualization by situating his work in recent research on the role of law and labour regulation in global capitalism. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/elo.2023.17 SN - 2752-6135 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 151 EP - 161 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Silvia T1 - Talks, Dinners, and Envelopes at Nightfall: The Politicization of Informality at the Bundesverfassungsgericht JF - German Law Journal N2 - The German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG) has for decades used informality to establish, build, and protect its authority. Yet, as the political landscape has shifted in recent years, in particular since the end of the Merkel-era Grand Coalition and the rise of the right-wing populist AfD, several longstanding informal practices and institutions have become politicized. Those concern extra-judicial activities of judges, regular informal meetings between the Court and the government, and privileged early access to the Court’s press releases for certain journalists. This Article first introduces various forms of informality that the BVerfG employs in its internal self-administration and the judicial-legal culture in general, before tracing how, why, and by whom the three aforementioned practices of informality are challenged. Ultimately, this Article analyzes how the Court and its judges respond to the politicization of informality, and in particular how it triggered processes of formalization of judicial behavior and changes in institutional communication. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.72 SN - 2071-8322 VL - 24 IS - 8 SP - 1300 EP - 1322 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmiotto, Francesca T1 - When Is a Decision Automated? A Taxonomy for a Fundamental Rights Analysis JF - German Law Journal N2 - This Article addresses the pressing issues surrounding the use of automated systems in public decision-making, specifically focusing on migration, asylum, and mobility. Drawing on empirical data, this Article examines the potential and limitations of the General Data Protection Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act in effectively addressing the challenges posed by automated decision-making (ADM). The Article argues that the current legal definitions and categorizations of ADM fail to capture the complexity and diversity of real-life applications where automated systems assist human decision-makers rather than replace them entirely. To bridge the gap between ADM in law and practice, this Article proposes to move beyond the concept of “automated decisions” and complement the legal protection in the GDPR and AI Act with a taxonomy that can inform a fundamental rights analysis. This taxonomy enhances our understanding of ADM and allows to identify the fundamental rights at stake and the sector-specific legislation applicable to ADM. The Article calls for empirical observations and input from experts in other areas of public law to enrich and refine the proposed taxonomy, thus ensuring clearer conceptual frameworks to safeguard individuals in our increasingly algorithmic society. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.112 SN - 2071-8322 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 210 EP - 236 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmiotto, Francesca A1 - Ozkul, Derya T1 - Contesting automation: the NewTech Litigation Database JF - Forced Migration Review N2 - Informed litigation is vital to uphold the rights of migrants subject to automated decision-making. This article introduces the NewTech Litigation Database, a tool for anyone seeking to contest the use of automated systems in migration and asylum processes. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.fmreview.org/digital-disruption/palmiotto-ozkul/ IS - 73 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmiotto, Francesca A1 - González, Natalia Menéndez T1 - Facial recognition technology, democracy and human rights JF - Computer Law & Security Review N2 - On 4 July 2023, the Third Section of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered the first judgment on the compatibility of facial recognition technology with human rights in Glukhin v. Russia. The case concerned the use of facial recognition technology (FRT) against Mr Glukhin following his solo demonstration in the Moscow underground. The Court unanimously found a violation of Article 8 (right to respect for private life) and Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). Regarding FRT, the Court concluded that the use of highly intrusive technology is incompatible with the ideals and values of a democratic society governed by the rule of law. This case note analyses the judgment and shows its relevance in the current regulatory debate on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in Europe. Notwithstanding the importance of this decision, we argue that the Court has left crucial questions unanswered. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105857 SN - 0267-3649 VL - 50 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gruev, Ivo T1 - Responsive Judicial Review in Kelsenian Constitutional Courts: The Impeding Effects of Limited Standing and Formalism JF - Review of Central and East European Law N2 - This paper is concerned with the question of whether constitutional systems that have adopted the centralised, “Kelsenian”, model of judicial review, which is prevalent in Eastern Europe, can engage in “responsive judicial review” (Dixon, 2023). It focuses on two features that can be associated with the constitutional courts created in this region after the end of communism, which, the paper argues, can significantly hamper their capacity to identify and counter democratic blockages. These are: (1) their limited standing rules that prioritise the access of political bodies to constitutional courts, and (2) the latter’s commitment to formalism, which can prevent judges from engaging with the structural and contextual issues that are causing a democratic blockage. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja10085 SN - 0925-9880 VL - 48 IS - 3-4 SP - 426 EP - 444 PB - Brill ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demir-Gürsel, Esra A1 - Theilen, Jens T. T1 - Framing Europe in Human Rights, Framing Human Rights in Europe: Authoritarianism, Migration, and Climate Change in the Council of Europe JF - ESIL Reflections KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 UR - https://esil-sedi.eu/esil-reflection-framing-europe-in-human-rights-framing-human-rights-in-europe-authoritarianism-migration-and-climate-change-in-the-council-of-europe/ VL - 12 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demir-Gürsel, Esra T1 - Silvia von Steinsdorff, Ece Göztepe, Maria Abad Andrade, and Felix Petersen. The Constitutional Court of Turkey – Between Legal and Political Reasoning. Baden-Baden, Nomos 2022, 720 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-8487-4632-3, € 149.–. JF - Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2023-1015 SN - 2366-0392 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 386 EP - 391 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auz, Juan T1 - The Political Ecology of Climate Remedies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparing Compliance between National and Inter-American Litigation JF - Journal of Human Rights Practice N2 - The climate crisis will continue to affect human and natural systems across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Undoubtedly, this jeopardizes entire communities’ enjoyment of human rights. In that context, the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) is expected to respond, particularly since its organs have jurisdiction to order remedies over most LAC countries, provided they determine a rights violation. Despite the growing number of domestic human rights-based climate cases in the region, the organs of the IAHRS have yet to adjudicate and order remedies in a case concerning the climate crisis. Against this backdrop, this article inquires how to understand climate remedies from a political ecology perspective to capture the LAC climate litigation experience. Additionally, the article asks what the challenges of implementing such remedies may be. To answer these questions, first, it compares the remedial approaches of domestic courts in six finally decided climate-related cases with those of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) in ‘anti-extractivist’ cases. Second, it applies a political ecology lens to understand the elements that might hinder the implementation of the identified remedies. The article argues that the socioeconomic cost for States largely determines remedial compliance in domestic climate litigation and the IACtHR’s anti-extractivist litigation. Ultimately, the aim is to anticipate the future of climate remedies and their effectiveness at the IACtHR based on present climate litigation in LAC. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huad057 SN - 1757-9627 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 182 EP - 207 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna T1 - Protecting the Good Name of the Nation as Memory Law JF - European Constitutional Law Review N2 - Memory laws – Protecting the good name of the nation – de facto memory laws – Prohibiting statements about the past – Article 301 of the Turkish Criminal Code – Protecting the good name of Poland and the Polish nation – Protecting the good name of the nation as de facto memory laws – Role of organisations in implementing the laws – Rule of law – Independence of the judiciary – European Court of Human Rights – Chilling effect – European memory politics KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019623000214 SN - 1574-0196 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 623 EP - 641 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Welfens, Natalie ED - Scharrer, Tabea ED - Glorius, Birgit ED - Kleist, J. Olaf ED - Berlinghoff, Marcel T1 - Resettlement T2 - Flucht- und Flüchtlingsforschung: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783748921905 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748921905 SP - 489 EP - 496 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ziegler, Katja S. A1 - Volou, Aristi ED - Ziegler, Katja S. ED - Neuvonen, Päivi J. ED - Moreno-Lax, Violeta T1 - Human rights and general principles: beyond the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights T2 - Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law N2 - This chapter discusses the dialectic relationship of general principles and the evolution of human rights in the EU legal order. Human (or fundamental) rights are of specific signifcance for general principles as an area of reference in a number of ways: in regard to the methodology of defining and identifying general principles; their link to constitutional values of the EU, the relationship between different sources of human rights in the EU; the relationship between unwritten general principles and a codified source; the specific, active and multidimensional dynamics of general principles in the context of fundamental rights; the relationship of general principles in the area of fundamental rights with their codification in the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights; and their possible continued relevance for courts in adjudicating human rights in the UK in post-Brexit. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781784712389 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784712389.00027 SP - 327 EP - 349 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Köybaşı, Serkan A1 - Turkut, Emre ED - Albert, Richard ED - Landau, David ED - Faraguna, Pietro ED - Drugda, Simon T1 - Turkey T2 - The I·CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law Y1 - 2020 UR - https://ssrn.com/abstract=3736382 SN - 978-0-692-15916-3 SP - 358 EP - 362 PB - Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turkut, Emre ED - Czech, Philip ED - Heschl, Lisa ED - Lukas, Karin ED - Nowak, Manfred ED - Oberleitner, Gerd T1 - The Turkish Post-Coup Emergency and European Responses: Shortcomings in the European System Revisited T2 - European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022 N2 - This contribution takes Turkey’s use of the derogation mechanism in the aftermath of the failed military coup of 15 July 2016 as a springboard to critically address the operation and the fallacies of the contemporary European derogation regime. The assessment will reveal whether the European system of human rights protection has succeeded in adopting an adequate and viable approach that can counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. The contribution concludes by providing a road map proposal for adequate oversight marked by rigorous scrutiny of derogation claims that can be described as a ‘consultation and cooperation process’. This process would place the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in a more active and operationally focused position to influence state decisions, to counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and to formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781839703447 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781839703447.016 SP - 445 EP - 482 PB - Intersentia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Lemay, Isabelle A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM’s Immigration Detention Practices and Policies: Human Rights, Positive Obligations and Humanitarian Duties T2 - IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - This chapter analyses IOM’s practices and policies on immigration detention from the 1990s to date, spanning a period of significant change in its approaches to detention. The chapter first distills pertinent international human rights law (IHRL) on migration-related detention, and then examines IOM’s normative statements concerning detention. It shows that while IOM generally emphasises international legal standards, it also tends to stress states’ ‘prerogative’ to detain, frame alternatives to detention (ATDs) as a desirable option rather than a legal obligation, and weave an operational role for itself, notably through assisted voluntary returns (AVRs). The chapter then interrogates IOM’s involvement in detention through four case studies. These reveal not only IOM’s changing role regarding detention, but its enduring part in a global system whereby powerful states and regions seek to contain protection seekers ‘elsewhere.’ The chapter concludes that, without constitutional and institutional change to ensure it meets its positive human rights obligations, and deeper critical reflection on its humanitarian duties, IOM’s practice risks expanding and legitimating detention. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175.016 SP - 360 EP - 396 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welfens, Natalie A1 - Bonjour, Saskia T1 - Seeking Legitimacy Through Knowledge Production: The Politics of Monitoring and Evaluation of the EU Trust Fund for Africa JF - JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies N2 - Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a form of expert knowledge that is central to migration governance. This article analyses M&E of the EU Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), created in 2015 to ‘fight the root causes of migration’. Combining institutionalist accounts with practice theory, we examine whether M&E knowledge production served the instrumental purpose of assessing policy impact or mainly legitimated particular policy actors and positions. We find that M&E did not produce evidence on whether the EUTF met its objectives. However, in the context of the EU's multiple crises, M&E knowledge production served to seek legitimacy not only for the EUTF, but also for the further fusion of development and migration policies, and for the EU as a competent and transparent actor. Our analysis highlights that knowledge use and knowledge production are connected, and that M&E knowledge politics allow for the legitimation of both actors and policies. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13434 SN - 0021-9886 VL - 61 IS - 4 SP - 951 EP - 969 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turkut, Emre T1 - Emergency Powers, Constitutional (Self-)Restraint and Judicial Politics: the Turkish Constitutional Court During the COVID-19 Pandemic JF - Jus Cogens N2 - This paper investigates the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC)’s treatment of legal challenges brought against Turkey’s legal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a detailed examination of the TCC’s institutional features, political origins and jurisprudential trajectory, and taking three politically salient judgments of the TCC concerning Turkey’s executive-dominated pandemic control as the point of departure, the paper argues that the TCC chose to exercise judicial restraint both in protecting fundamental rights and reviewing pandemic policies of the executive. It also argues that the TCC’s judicial restraint during the pandemic was simply the re-manifestation of its ‘play-it-safe’ strategy — a judicial stance the TCC willingly adopted in the aftermath of the 2016 attempted coup despite possessing strong constitutional powers of judicial review, and its established attitude of assertive scrutiny in the past. From a more theoretical perspective, the analysis also explores how the passive role to which the TCC is consigned in an increasingly authoritarian regime since the 2016 failed coup relates to the global phenomenon of judicialization of authoritarian politics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42439-022-00064-7 SN - 2524-3977 VL - 4 SP - 263 EP - 284 ER - TY - THES A1 - Auz, Juan T1 - Dissecting the Inter-American Human Rights System in the Age of Climate Change N2 - This dissertation examines, from a socio-legal approach, the implications of the climate crisis on the adjudicative functions of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS). In particular, it focuses on three general aspects of the adjudicative building blocks: access to the climate litigation process, interpretation of the relevant legal norms, and the design and impact of the remedies awarded. To that end, this dissertation comprises six papers addressing one or more of said general aspects. The first paper is about accessing the phenomenon of climate litigation itself. Mapping the legal opportunity structures of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) reveals how human rights-based climate litigation is developing. The multiplication of cases and the inchoate successes are partly explained by the IAHRS’s legal standards in the applicant’s arguments. However, it contrasts such development by laying bare potential barriers arising from the region’s extractivist economies and hyper-presidential constitutional designs. The second and third papers situate the IAHRS in the scholarly descriptions of international human rights and environmental law. It argues that the IAHRS is a relatively progressive space for protecting human rights because of its constant interaction with marginalised communities in LAC. The resultant interpretation of human rights can be crucial in a climate litigation case in the IAHRS. However, filling in the details for the content of the right to a healthy environment and extraterritorial obligations is still pending. The fourth, fifth and sixth papers discuss the tensions between climate litigation and justice in Global South jurisdictions, such as LAC. They explore why climate justice dimensions might be at odds with the results of a successful climate ruling that orders a State to remedy a plaintiff when such a State did not contribute meaningfully to generating and perpetuating the climate crisis in the first place. This tension is transposed to the IAHRS while adding the difficulty of non-compliance with systemic remedial orders. The papers explore how the organs of the IAHRS could address these tensions and reimagine remedies for the climate crisis. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 08/2024 Y1 - 2024 N1 - List of publications: Auz, J. (2022). Human rights-based climate litigation: A Latin American cartography. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2022.01.05 Auz, J. (2021). Situating the Inter-American Human Rights System in the Oscillation of International Law. Journal of Law and Political Economy, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.5070/LP62155395 Auz, J. (2021). ‘So, This Is Permanence’: The Inter-American Human Rights System as a Liminal Space for Climate Justice. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 22(2). https://law.unimelb.edu.au/mjil/issues/issue-archive/volume-222-2021 Auz, J. (2022). Two Reputed Allies: Reconciling Climate Justice and Litigation in the Global South. In C. Rodríguez-Garavito (Ed.), Litigating the Climate Emergency (pp. 145–156). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009106214.009 Auz, J. (2024). The Political Ecology of Climate Remedies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparing Compliance between National and Inter-American Litigation. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 16(1), 182–207. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huad057 Auz, J. (2023). Climate Crisis and the Testing of International Human Rights Remedies: Forecasting the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In S. Maljean-Dubois & J. Peel (Eds.), Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au défi des changements climatiques. The Centre for Studies and Research in International Law and International Relations. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-8096_pplcdu_A9789004682399_13 N1 - shelf mark: 2024D008 + 2024D008+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wriedt, Vera T1 - Rezension: The Prohibition of Collective Expulsion in International Law JF - Kritische Justiz Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0023-4834-2021-2-247 SN - 0023-4834 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 255 EP - 259 PB - Nomos Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galand, Alexandre Skander T1 - The Nature of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (and its Amended Jurisdictional Scheme) JF - Journal of International Criminal Justice N2 - This article shows that in the 20 years following the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court its nature has surfed on three waves. Building upon the Court’s case law on the principle of legality and the immunity of state officials from non-party states, it shows that the Statute was initially conceived to be of universal nature, transcending the interests of all states. However, following a series of pushbacks, the Court revised this case law to rightly acknowledge that its Statute is first of all a multilateral treaty regulating the conduct committed in the territory and by nationals of its states parties. Yet, this second wave maintained the potential for the Statute to be universally applicable when the Court’s jurisdiction is based on ad hoc declarations of acceptance or Security Council referrals. However, the journey to amend the Statute to define the crime of aggression and new war crimes might have made the prospects for universal application dependent upon universal ratification. This article argues that this third wave certainly evinces a novel shift towards state consent, but that direct and indirect forms of consent can still premise the Court’s jurisdiction over situations concerning states which have not ratified the Statute or its amendments. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz051 SN - 1478-1387 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 933 EP - 956 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auz Vaca, Juan T1 - La Crisis Climática y sus impactos en los Derechos: una Mirada en Clave Latinoamericana JF - Justicia Ambiental Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.revistajusticiaambiental.cl/2020/01/07/numero-11-2019/ SN - 0718-736x IS - 11 SP - 41 EP - 47 ER - TY - GEN ED - De Abreu Duarte, Francisco ED - Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca T1 - Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe N2 - This book imagines how Europe might re-organise and re-group after the COVID-19 crisis by assessing its effectiveness when responding to it. For this purpose, it directs its focus on: i) sovereignty challenges; ii) technological challenges and iii) governance challenges. These three challenges do not present hermetic legal problems, they intersect and connect on many levels. The book shows this by examining the relationship between public and private power, and illustrating how the rise of technocratic authority is deeply connected to the choice of technological solutions. It illustrates how constitutional decisions taken during states of emergency give rise to private governance challenges related to cybersecurity and data protection. Experts from the fields of EU governance, data protection, and technology explore these questions to provide answers to how the EU might develop in the future. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781509955985 PB - Bloomsbury Publishing ER - TY - BOOK ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM Unbound? Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - It is an era of expansion for the International Organization for Migration (IOM), an increasingly influential actor in the global governance of migration. Bringing together leading experts in international law and international relations, this collection examines the dynamics and implications of IOM's expansion in a new way. Analyzing IOM as an international organization (IO), the book illuminates the practices, obligations and accountability of this powerful but controversial actor, advancing understanding of IOM itself and broader struggles for IO accountability. The contributions explore key, yet often under-researched, IOM activities including its role in humanitarian emergencies, internal displacement, data collection, ethical labour recruitment, and migrant detention. Offering recommendations for reforms rooted in empirical evidence and careful normative analysis, this is a vital resource for all those interested in the obligations and accountability of international organizations, and in the field of migration. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - THES A1 - Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J. T1 - The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing N2 - This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain’s inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. “Blockchain organizing” refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'être is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as “present-future convergence”. Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may “pull” the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies. Y1 - 2022 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54871 N1 - The second paper of the dissertation is currently under review at a journal. To protect the blind peer review process, the paper has been taken temporarily offline. This document temporarily replaces the original dissertation (Serial No. 10/2022): https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4498 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan ED - Renz, David O. ED - Brown, William A. ED - Andersson, Fredrik O. T1 - The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges T2 - The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-1-394-19887-0 SP - 7 EP - 29 PB - Jossey-Bass ET - 5th ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jansen, Jannik A1 - Nguyen, Thu T1 - Between Continuity and a Perforated 'Cordon Sanitaire' - On the 2024 European Elections N2 - Between 6-9 July 2024, the 720 members of the European Parliament were elected across 27 Member States. While the elections have not led to a landslide shift to the right, there is a notable consolidation of far-right parties at the European level. Still, the pro-European centre is holding firm and maintains a majority. In this Policy Brief, Jannik Jansen and Thu Nguyen argue that the results likely indicate by-and-large continuity in the European Parliament, including an ongoing shift to the right on contested issues due to a perforated ‘cordon sanitaire’. But the election results had heavily disruptive consequences on the national level, which in France has triggered snap parliamentary elections. This will have pronounced impact on the balance of power in the (European) Council and on the EU as a whole. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/between-continuity-and-a-perforated-cordon-sanitaire ER - TY - THES A1 - Daub, Sara T1 - External Diaspora Sponsorship to Rebel Organizations. Causes and Consequences N2 - While intrastate conflicts remain the dominant form of armed conflict and migration receives increasing attention, the international dimension of civil wars, particularly non-state sponsorship, has largely been overlooked. This dissertation examines the phenomenon of diasporas as external sponsors in intrastate conflicts. It investigates: (1) Why do diasporas support rebel organizations? (2) Under what conditions is diaspora support more or less likely? (3) How does diaspora sponsorship of rebel organizations impact civilian victimization and rebel governance? To understand the logic of diaspora support, I employ a principal-agent framework. Conflict, rebel group, diaspora, and homeland characteristics are determinants of diaspora sponsorship. I argue that diasporas aim for kin support and changes in the homeland and consequently prefer limited violence against civilians and co-ethnic civilians. Diasporas benefit from delegating the task of combat and limited civilian victimization but risk agency slack. Concurrently, the rebel organization gains additional resources but loses autonomy. I introduce an information-sharing mechanism between co-ethnics in the conflict zone and the diaspora, which enhances the monitoring capability of the diaspora. I employ a mixed-methods approach to answer the research questions. Interviews conducted in the Washington DC area with members of various diasporas and experts provide evidence for the information-sharing between the diaspora and co-ethnics. I produced a unique data set on diaspora support for African and Asian intrastate conflicts between 1989 and 2014. Findings from multiple large-N analyses, utilizing extreme bounds analysis, logistic regression, and negative binomial analyses, serve as the empirical base for examining the causes and consequences of diaspora sponsorship to rebel organizations. I demonstrate that conflict and rebel group characteristics are strong determinants of diaspora sponsorship, while homeland and diaspora characteristics yield mixed results. Diaspora support significantly reduces the number of civilian killings. The impacts on ethnic violence and rebel governance are heterogeneous. Overall, this dissertation enriches our understanding of diasporas’ roles as external actors in conflict dynamics and as non-state sponsors for rebel organizations. It opens further avenues for researching civilian-rebel relationships and host country-homeland dynamics. Policy discussions may follow around monitoring of sponsorship activities and the responsibilities of host countries. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 07/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54847 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D007 + 2024D007+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Stable or stagnant? Political economy and governance in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany since 2000 JF - Global Policy N2 - At the beginning of the twenty‐first century, the large democracies of Western Europe experienced some of the most prosperous and peaceful decades in human history. Specifically, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany experienced high and stable quality of life, democratic accountability and state capacity between 2000 and 2019, according to the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index. While all four of these countries are among the top performers in the Index, substantial problems lurk beneath the surface. Notably, each failed to capitalise on the low interest rate environment in the decade following the global financial crisis of 2007–2009—albeit in different ways and for different reasons in each country. In particular, low investment in infrastructure and key technologies, the persistence of stubborn regional inequalities, and resulting sluggish GDP growth have prevented the ‘Big Four’ in Western Europe from improving further and future‐proofing their existing gains. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13271 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 90 EP - 103 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Escape from the ‘lost decades?’ Governance challenges in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela JF - Global Policy N2 - Much of Latin America has experienced a renewed ‘lost decade’, failing to substantially expand quality of life since the late 2000s. While the outcomes of governance performance across the largest countries – including Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina – have discrete causes, common themes like internal conflict, corruption, and overreliance on natural resources plague the entire region. Put more generally, the inability to turn democratic accountability into a state mechanism able to deliver economic growth and public goods in a sustainable manner is a liability affecting all five countries. To explore the difficulties that the large Latin American countries have faced in the twenty‐first century, this article examines results from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index, and then presents three key issues facing the region: insufficient state capacity, flirtations with authoritarianism, and economic inequality and inflation. While the challenges remain substantial, increased regional integration may offer one way out of the predicament. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13279 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 113 EP - 123 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - A falling star? Origins of declining state capacity and democratic accountability in the United States JF - Global Policy N2 - AbstractThe United States—often hailed as the ‘oldest democracy in the world’ and the ‘leader of the free world’—has fallen on hard times. In addition to recent headline‐grabbing political events that have highlighted its political dysfunction, data from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) reveal that overall state capacity and democratic accountability have been declining for years. Although public goods provision has remained on a steady course, the US still trails much of the developed world. We find this struggling performance is largely the result of neglecting three types of infrastructure: civic, physical and social. Specifically, we argue that the crisis became particularly pronounced due to an insufficient response to the 2008 global financial crisis. Although some recent political achievements could slow the decline, more drastic action will be required to reverse these troubling trends. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13282 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 47 EP - 57 PB - Wiley ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Almost a free lunch: Boosting investment predictability for the Green Deal N2 - Implementing the EU Green Deal requires annual investments of about €620 billion, most of which will have to be shouldered by the private sector. However, businesses and households are not investing enough as of now. An important lever for greater green investment is reducing uncertainty around such investment. At the start of the next institutional cycle, the EU should hence improve regulatory certainty for green investments, which should be palatable to most parties likely to form a majority in the Parliament. In addition, the EU should adopt concrete tools that reduce cost uncertainty for companies and households in a pragmatic manner. To this end, this policy position recommends using green lead markets and proposes moves to explore two novel mechanisms that cost taxpayers little to nothing but should boost green investments. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/boosting-investment-predictability-for-the-green-deal ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Edenhofer, Jacob A1 - Zwar, Claudia T1 - Eine vertane Chance, aber keine Katastrophe: Die Novelle des Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetzes T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/2c0758cc33ed9dc3 N1 - This publication is also available in English: Flachsland, C., Edenhofer, J., & Zwar, C. (2024). Not a Disaster, but a Missed Opportunity: The Amendment to the Federal Climate Protection Act. Verfassungsblog. https://verfassungsblog.de/german-federal-climate-protection-act/ IS - 2024/05/06 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hunold, Matthias A1 - Petrishcheva, Vasilisa T1 - Foreclosure and Profit Shifting with Partial Vertical Ownership T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We demonstrate how the incentives of firms that partially own their suppliers or customers to foreclose rivals depend on how the partial owner can extract profits from the target. Compared to a fully vertically integrated firm, a partial owner may obtain only a share of the target’s profit but influence the target’s strategy significantly. We show that the incentives for customer and input foreclosure can be higher, equal, or even lower with partial ownership than with a vertical merger, depending on how the protection of minority shareholders and transfer price regulations affect the scope for profit extraction. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 41 Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54774 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 41 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Leichthammer, Arthur T1 - Mining for Tomorrow: The strategic importance of critical raw materials for Europe’s industry N2 - Arthur Leichthammer, Geoeconomics Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Centre, argues that the EU needs a strategic rethink to safeguard its critical raw materials supplies as global competition intensifies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/mining-for-tomorrow ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Quaritsch, Luise T1 - Political Advertising in the 2024 European elections - Between Europeanisation and the protection of electoral integrity online N2 - Election campaigns are increasingly conducted online. Social media platforms in particular shape political discourse and facilitate new ways of delivering political messages. This was initially considered a boon for democracy, but opaque manipulation tactics quickly turned it into a threat to fair and transparent elections. National regulatory frameworks have often proved to be inadequate for online campaigns and the transnational nature of European elections. The EU has reacted to this with a regulation on political advertising. The initiative facilitates transnational campaigning online and aims to protect the integrity of European elections. The 2024 European elections will be the first time EU rules operate in this area, putting these to the test. This election cycle will indicate whether political actors are striking out for more cross-border campaigns and whether they suffice to protect European elections. Critical here is how online platforms implement the new rules and how transparent they are about campaign-related posts on their sites. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/political-advertising-in-the-2024-european-elections ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Shahini, Besa T1 - Towards Enlargement - How to Rebuild Trust in the EU Accession Process N2 - EU enlargement has historically fostered economic growth and political stability. In the Western Balkans, however, the process has stalled for many years due to the myriad crises afflicting the EU and failure to deliver reforms in the Western Balkans. This policy brief examines the evolution of the EU accession process, the challenges faced by candidate countries, and the need for a revitalized approach that builds reforms into the accession process rather than keep them a precondition for kickstarting it. It calls for the EU to remove bilateral disputes from the process and open accession talks with all candidate countries in all areas covered by the acquis, ensuring that all candidate countries have a fair chance based on their merits. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/towards-enlargement-how-to-rebuild-trust-in-the-eu-accession-process ER - TY - THES A1 - Lohse, Anna Prisca T1 - Higher Education in an Age of Disruption: Comparing European Internationalisation Policies N2 - This book investigates European higher education internationalisation policies during a period marked by extreme upheaval due to Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Situating her analysis at the intersection of higher education research and policy studies, the author combines historical and sociological institutionalism to investigate how this time of disruption impacted higher education policies in England, France and Germany. Based on extensive qualitative data derived from expert interviews and document analysis, the study offers timely insights into dynamics of institutional change and stability in higher education governance, as well as implications for the future of cross-border education and internationalisation. The book will appeal to academics and students interested in education policy and the internationalisation of higher education. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 06/2024 Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783031579110 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57912-7 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Khanna, Tarun M. A1 - Ruhnau, Oliver T1 - How aggregate electricity demand responds to hourly wholesale price fluctuations JF - Energy Economics N2 - Electricity needs to be consumed at the very moment of production, leading wholesale prices to fluctuate widely at (sub-)hourly time scales. This article investigates the response of aggregate electricity demand to such price variations. Using wind energy as an instrument, we estimate a significant and robust short-term price elasticity of about −0.05 in Germany and attribute this to industrial consumers. As the share of consumption that is exposed to real-time prices (currently less than 25%) expands, we expect the aggregated price elasticity to grow. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107652 SN - 0140-9883 VL - 135 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schmauck, Sarah A1 - Mika, Tatjana ED - Karger-Kroll, Anna ED - Schäfers, Lars T1 - Der Wandel der Lebensformen und seine Bedeutung für die Alterssicherung in Deutschland T2 - Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplinären Sondierung der Alterssicherung Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.nomos-shop.de/nomos/titel/gerechte-rente-id-119795/ SN - 978-3-7560-1712-6 PB - Nomos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Allcott, Hunt A1 - Gentzkow, Matthew A1 - Mason, Winter A1 - Wilkins, Arjun A1 - Barberá, Pablo A1 - Brown, Taylor A1 - Cisneros, Juan Carlos A1 - Crespo-Tenorio, Adriana A1 - Dimmery, Drew A1 - Freelon, Deen A1 - González-Bailón, Sandra A1 - Guess, Andrew M. A1 - Kim, Young Mie A1 - Lazer, David A1 - Malhotra, Neil A1 - Moehler, Devra A1 - Nair-Desai, Sameer A1 - Nait El Barj, Houda A1 - Nyhan, Brendan A1 - Paixao de Queiroz, Ana Carolina A1 - Pan, Jennifer A1 - Settle, Jaime A1 - Thorson, Emily A1 - Tromble, Rebekah A1 - Velasco Rivera, Carlos A1 - Wittenbrink, Benjamin A1 - Wojcieszak, Magdalena A1 - Zahedian, Saam A1 - Franco, Annie A1 - Kiewiet de Jonge, Chad A1 - Stroud, Natalie Jomini A1 - Tucker, Joshua A. T1 - The effects of Facebook and Instagram on the 2020 election: A deactivation experiment JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences N2 - We study the effect of Facebook and Instagram access on political beliefs, attitudes, and behavior by randomizing a subset of 19,857 Facebook users and 15,585 Instagram users to deactivate their accounts for 6 wk before the 2020 U.S. election. We report four key findings. First, both Facebook and Instagram deactivation reduced an index of political participation (driven mainly by reduced participation online). Second, Facebook deactivation had no significant effect on an index of knowledge, but secondary analyses suggest that it reduced knowledge of general news while possibly also decreasing belief in misinformation circulating online. Third, Facebook deactivation may have reduced self-reported net votes for Trump, though this effect does not meet our preregistered significance threshold. Finally, the effects of both Facebook and Instagram deactivation on affective and issue polarization, perceived legitimacy of the election, candidate favorability, and voter turnout were all precisely estimated and close to zero. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2321584121 VL - 121 IS - 21 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stiewe, Clemens A1 - Xu, Alice Lixuan A1 - Eicke, Anselm A1 - Hirth, Lion T1 - Cross-border cannibalization: Spillover effects of wind and solar energy on interconnected European electricity markets N2 - The average revenue, or market value, of wind and solar energy tends to fall with increasing market shares, as is now evident across European electricity markets. At the same time, these markets have become more interconnected. In this paper, we empirically study the multiple cross-border effects on the value of renewable energy: on one hand, interconnection is a flexibility resource that allows to export energy when it is locally abundant, benefitting renewables. On the other hand, wind and solar radiation are correlated across space, so neighboring supply adds to the local one to depress domestic prices. We estimate both effects, using spatial panel regression on electricity market data from 2015 to 2023 from 30 European bidding zones. We find that domestic wind and solar value is not only depressed by domestic, but also by neighboring renewables expansion. The better interconnected a market is, the smaller the effect of domestic but the larger the effect of neighboring renewables. While wind value is stabilized by interconnection, solar value is not. If wind market share increases both at home and in neighboring markets by one percentage point, the value factor of wind energy is reduced by just above 1 percentage points. For solar, this number is almost 4 percentage points. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.17166 PB - arXiv ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindemann, Korinna A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. T1 - The Effect of Televised Candidate Debates on the Support for Political Parties N2 - During campaigns for legislative elections, a large portion of the general public follows televised debates between the front-running candidates. How can the candidates use the public interest in the debates to increase the support for their party? In this article, we argue that especially challenger candidates can improve the public perception of their valence qualities, such as personal integrity, leadership, and competence, and can - as a result - improve the support of their parties. We expect the perceived policy stances of the candidates to matter less, as parties often already have well-defined policy profiles that matter to voters. Building on televised debate experiments during the German Federal Elections of 2009 and 2013, we analyse the effect of the debates on party vote and in how far this relationship is mediated by changes in valence and policy evaluations of the candidates. Results show that changes of candidate valence, but not changes in policy perceptions, of the social-democratic front-running candidates mediate the vote intention for the party. Respondents who perceived the candidates more competent, empathetic and have integrity as a result of the debate are more likely to vote for their party. Our analysis further reveals, however, that this valence effect does not carry-over to vote intention briefly before the election. Y1 - 2024 UR - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54385 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Gehrig, Stefan A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment JF - Management Science N2 - This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely, when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. KW - discrimination, hiring decisions, gender, beliefs, experiment, aversive sexism Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01229 SN - 0025-1909 (print) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dessy, Elodie A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Xhauflair, Virginie T1 - Organizational diversity of social-mission platforms: Advancing a configurational research agenda JF - Information and Organization N2 - Social-mission platforms (SMPs), or platforms that facilitate the interactions between stakeholders across sectors and help them exchange resources to make progress on social and environmental problems, have emerged on a global scale. However, despite their prevalence, little is known about how SMPs organize to orchestrate collective efforts of social innovation. Taking stock of information systems and organizational literature on platforms, we identify four dimensions inherent in platform organizing (i.e., identity, boundary, governance, and technology). We then analyze three case studies to interrogate how these organizing dimensions manifest in SMPs. As a result, we offer a conceptual framework highlighting the trade-offs SMPs face, specifying the design choices they can make, and exposing the interdependences between dimensions. We further illustrate how these interdependences inform a configurational perspective of SMPs and suggest avenues to advance a configurational research agenda to deepen understanding of SMPs as effective vehicles to address Grand Challenges. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100514 SN - 1471-7727 VL - 34 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alonso-Perez, Enrique A1 - Heisig, Jan Paul A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Gellert, Paul A1 - O’Sullivan, Julie Lorraine T1 - Intersectional inequalities in the transition to grandparenthood and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) JF - The Journals of Gerontology: Series B N2 - Objectives In aging societies, more people become vulnerable to experiencing cognitive decline. Simultaneously, the role of grandparenthood is central for older adults and their families. Our study investigates inequalities in the level and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults, focusing on possible intersectional effects of social determinants and grandparenthood as a life course transition that may contribute to delaying cognitive decline. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we analyzed a sample of 19,953 individuals aged 50-85 without grandchildren at baseline. We applied Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy to investigate variation in cognitive functioning across 48 intersectional strata, defined by sex/gender, migration, education, and occupation. We allowed the impact of becoming a grandparent on cognitive functioning trajectories to vary across strata by including random slopes. Results Intersectional strata accounted for 17.43% of the overall variance in cognitive functioning, with most of the stratum-level variation explained by additive effects of the stratum-defining characteristics. Transition to grandparenthood was associated with higher cognitive functioning, showing a stronger effect for women. Stratum-level variation in the grandparenthood effect was modest, especially after accounting for interactions between grandparenthood and the stratum-defining variables. Discussion This study highlights the importance of social determinants for understanding heterogeneities in older adults’ level of cognitive functioning and its association with the transition to grandparenthood. Cumulative disadvantages negatively affect cognitive functioning, hence adopting an intersectional lens is useful to decompose inequalities and derive tailored interventions to promote equal healthy aging. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae088 ER -