TY - JOUR A1 - Wriedt, Vera T1 - Rezension: The Prohibition of Collective Expulsion in International Law JF - Kritische Justiz Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0023-4834-2021-2-247 SN - 0023-4834 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 255 EP - 259 PB - Nomos Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galand, Alexandre Skander T1 - The Nature of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (and its Amended Jurisdictional Scheme) JF - Journal of International Criminal Justice N2 - This article shows that in the 20 years following the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court its nature has surfed on three waves. Building upon the Court’s case law on the principle of legality and the immunity of state officials from non-party states, it shows that the Statute was initially conceived to be of universal nature, transcending the interests of all states. However, following a series of pushbacks, the Court revised this case law to rightly acknowledge that its Statute is first of all a multilateral treaty regulating the conduct committed in the territory and by nationals of its states parties. Yet, this second wave maintained the potential for the Statute to be universally applicable when the Court’s jurisdiction is based on ad hoc declarations of acceptance or Security Council referrals. However, the journey to amend the Statute to define the crime of aggression and new war crimes might have made the prospects for universal application dependent upon universal ratification. This article argues that this third wave certainly evinces a novel shift towards state consent, but that direct and indirect forms of consent can still premise the Court’s jurisdiction over situations concerning states which have not ratified the Statute or its amendments. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz051 SN - 1478-1387 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 933 EP - 956 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auz Vaca, Juan T1 - La Crisis Climática y sus impactos en los Derechos: una Mirada en Clave Latinoamericana JF - Justicia Ambiental Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.revistajusticiaambiental.cl/2020/01/07/numero-11-2019/ SN - 0718-736x IS - 11 SP - 41 EP - 47 ER - TY - GEN ED - De Abreu Duarte, Francisco ED - Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca T1 - Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe N2 - This book imagines how Europe might re-organise and re-group after the COVID-19 crisis by assessing its effectiveness when responding to it. For this purpose, it directs its focus on: i) sovereignty challenges; ii) technological challenges and iii) governance challenges. These three challenges do not present hermetic legal problems, they intersect and connect on many levels. The book shows this by examining the relationship between public and private power, and illustrating how the rise of technocratic authority is deeply connected to the choice of technological solutions. It illustrates how constitutional decisions taken during states of emergency give rise to private governance challenges related to cybersecurity and data protection. Experts from the fields of EU governance, data protection, and technology explore these questions to provide answers to how the EU might develop in the future. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781509955985 PB - Bloomsbury Publishing ER - TY - BOOK ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM Unbound? Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - It is an era of expansion for the International Organization for Migration (IOM), an increasingly influential actor in the global governance of migration. Bringing together leading experts in international law and international relations, this collection examines the dynamics and implications of IOM's expansion in a new way. Analyzing IOM as an international organization (IO), the book illuminates the practices, obligations and accountability of this powerful but controversial actor, advancing understanding of IOM itself and broader struggles for IO accountability. The contributions explore key, yet often under-researched, IOM activities including its role in humanitarian emergencies, internal displacement, data collection, ethical labour recruitment, and migrant detention. Offering recommendations for reforms rooted in empirical evidence and careful normative analysis, this is a vital resource for all those interested in the obligations and accountability of international organizations, and in the field of migration. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - THES A1 - Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J. T1 - The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing N2 - This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain’s inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. “Blockchain organizing” refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'être is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as “present-future convergence”. Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may “pull” the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54871 N1 - The second paper of the dissertation is currently under review at a journal. To protect the blind peer review process, the paper has been taken temporarily offline. This document temporarily replaces the original dissertation (Serial No. 10/2022): https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4498 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan ED - Renz, David O. ED - Brown, William A. ED - Andersson, Fredrik O. T1 - The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges T2 - The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-1-394-19887-0 SP - 7 EP - 29 PB - Jossey-Bass ET - 5th ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jansen, Jannik A1 - Nguyen, Thu T1 - Between Continuity and a Perforated 'Cordon Sanitaire' - On the 2024 European Elections N2 - Between 6-9 July 2024, the 720 members of the European Parliament were elected across 27 Member States. While the elections have not led to a landslide shift to the right, there is a notable consolidation of far-right parties at the European level. Still, the pro-European centre is holding firm and maintains a majority. In this Policy Brief, Jannik Jansen and Thu Nguyen argue that the results likely indicate by-and-large continuity in the European Parliament, including an ongoing shift to the right on contested issues due to a perforated ‘cordon sanitaire’. But the election results had heavily disruptive consequences on the national level, which in France has triggered snap parliamentary elections. This will have pronounced impact on the balance of power in the (European) Council and on the EU as a whole. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/between-continuity-and-a-perforated-cordon-sanitaire ER - TY - THES A1 - Daub, Sara T1 - External Diaspora Sponsorship to Rebel Organizations. Causes and Consequences N2 - While intrastate conflicts remain the dominant form of armed conflict and migration receives increasing attention, the international dimension of civil wars, particularly non-state sponsorship, has largely been overlooked. This dissertation examines the phenomenon of diasporas as external sponsors in intrastate conflicts. It investigates: (1) Why do diasporas support rebel organizations? (2) Under what conditions is diaspora support more or less likely? (3) How does diaspora sponsorship of rebel organizations impact civilian victimization and rebel governance? To understand the logic of diaspora support, I employ a principal-agent framework. Conflict, rebel group, diaspora, and homeland characteristics are determinants of diaspora sponsorship. I argue that diasporas aim for kin support and changes in the homeland and consequently prefer limited violence against civilians and co-ethnic civilians. Diasporas benefit from delegating the task of combat and limited civilian victimization but risk agency slack. Concurrently, the rebel organization gains additional resources but loses autonomy. I introduce an information-sharing mechanism between co-ethnics in the conflict zone and the diaspora, which enhances the monitoring capability of the diaspora. I employ a mixed-methods approach to answer the research questions. Interviews conducted in the Washington DC area with members of various diasporas and experts provide evidence for the information-sharing between the diaspora and co-ethnics. I produced a unique data set on diaspora support for African and Asian intrastate conflicts between 1989 and 2014. Findings from multiple large-N analyses, utilizing extreme bounds analysis, logistic regression, and negative binomial analyses, serve as the empirical base for examining the causes and consequences of diaspora sponsorship to rebel organizations. I demonstrate that conflict and rebel group characteristics are strong determinants of diaspora sponsorship, while homeland and diaspora characteristics yield mixed results. Diaspora support significantly reduces the number of civilian killings. The impacts on ethnic violence and rebel governance are heterogeneous. Overall, this dissertation enriches our understanding of diasporas’ roles as external actors in conflict dynamics and as non-state sponsors for rebel organizations. It opens further avenues for researching civilian-rebel relationships and host country-homeland dynamics. Policy discussions may follow around monitoring of sponsorship activities and the responsibilities of host countries. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 07/2024 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54847 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D007 + 2024D007+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Stable or stagnant? Political economy and governance in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany since 2000 JF - Global Policy N2 - At the beginning of the twenty‐first century, the large democracies of Western Europe experienced some of the most prosperous and peaceful decades in human history. Specifically, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany experienced high and stable quality of life, democratic accountability and state capacity between 2000 and 2019, according to the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index. While all four of these countries are among the top performers in the Index, substantial problems lurk beneath the surface. Notably, each failed to capitalise on the low interest rate environment in the decade following the global financial crisis of 2007–2009—albeit in different ways and for different reasons in each country. In particular, low investment in infrastructure and key technologies, the persistence of stubborn regional inequalities, and resulting sluggish GDP growth have prevented the ‘Big Four’ in Western Europe from improving further and future‐proofing their existing gains. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13271 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 90 EP - 103 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Escape from the ‘lost decades?’ Governance challenges in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela JF - Global Policy N2 - Much of Latin America has experienced a renewed ‘lost decade’, failing to substantially expand quality of life since the late 2000s. While the outcomes of governance performance across the largest countries – including Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina – have discrete causes, common themes like internal conflict, corruption, and overreliance on natural resources plague the entire region. Put more generally, the inability to turn democratic accountability into a state mechanism able to deliver economic growth and public goods in a sustainable manner is a liability affecting all five countries. To explore the difficulties that the large Latin American countries have faced in the twenty‐first century, this article examines results from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index, and then presents three key issues facing the region: insufficient state capacity, flirtations with authoritarianism, and economic inequality and inflation. While the challenges remain substantial, increased regional integration may offer one way out of the predicament. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13279 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 113 EP - 123 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - A falling star? Origins of declining state capacity and democratic accountability in the United States JF - Global Policy N2 - AbstractThe United States—often hailed as the ‘oldest democracy in the world’ and the ‘leader of the free world’—has fallen on hard times. In addition to recent headline‐grabbing political events that have highlighted its political dysfunction, data from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) reveal that overall state capacity and democratic accountability have been declining for years. Although public goods provision has remained on a steady course, the US still trails much of the developed world. We find this struggling performance is largely the result of neglecting three types of infrastructure: civic, physical and social. Specifically, we argue that the crisis became particularly pronounced due to an insufficient response to the 2008 global financial crisis. Although some recent political achievements could slow the decline, more drastic action will be required to reverse these troubling trends. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13282 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 47 EP - 57 PB - Wiley ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Almost a free lunch: Boosting investment predictability for the Green Deal N2 - Implementing the EU Green Deal requires annual investments of about €620 billion, most of which will have to be shouldered by the private sector. However, businesses and households are not investing enough as of now. An important lever for greater green investment is reducing uncertainty around such investment. At the start of the next institutional cycle, the EU should hence improve regulatory certainty for green investments, which should be palatable to most parties likely to form a majority in the Parliament. In addition, the EU should adopt concrete tools that reduce cost uncertainty for companies and households in a pragmatic manner. To this end, this policy position recommends using green lead markets and proposes moves to explore two novel mechanisms that cost taxpayers little to nothing but should boost green investments. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/boosting-investment-predictability-for-the-green-deal ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Edenhofer, Jacob A1 - Zwar, Claudia T1 - Eine vertane Chance, aber keine Katastrophe: Die Novelle des Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetzes T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/2c0758cc33ed9dc3 N1 - This publication is also available in English: Flachsland, C., Edenhofer, J., & Zwar, C. (2024). Not a Disaster, but a Missed Opportunity: The Amendment to the Federal Climate Protection Act. Verfassungsblog. https://verfassungsblog.de/german-federal-climate-protection-act/ IS - 2024/05/06 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hunold, Matthias A1 - Petrishcheva, Vasilisa T1 - Foreclosure and Profit Shifting with Partial Vertical Ownership T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We demonstrate how the incentives of firms that partially own their suppliers or customers to foreclose rivals depend on how the partial owner can extract profits from the target. Compared to a fully vertically integrated firm, a partial owner may obtain only a share of the target’s profit but influence the target’s strategy significantly. We show that the incentives for customer and input foreclosure can be higher, equal, or even lower with partial ownership than with a vertical merger, depending on how the protection of minority shareholders and transfer price regulations affect the scope for profit extraction. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 41 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54774 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 41 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Leichthammer, Arthur T1 - Mining for Tomorrow: The strategic importance of critical raw materials for Europe’s industry N2 - Arthur Leichthammer, Geoeconomics Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Centre, argues that the EU needs a strategic rethink to safeguard its critical raw materials supplies as global competition intensifies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/mining-for-tomorrow ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Quaritsch, Luise T1 - Political Advertising in the 2024 European elections - Between Europeanisation and the protection of electoral integrity online N2 - Election campaigns are increasingly conducted online. Social media platforms in particular shape political discourse and facilitate new ways of delivering political messages. This was initially considered a boon for democracy, but opaque manipulation tactics quickly turned it into a threat to fair and transparent elections. National regulatory frameworks have often proved to be inadequate for online campaigns and the transnational nature of European elections. The EU has reacted to this with a regulation on political advertising. The initiative facilitates transnational campaigning online and aims to protect the integrity of European elections. The 2024 European elections will be the first time EU rules operate in this area, putting these to the test. This election cycle will indicate whether political actors are striking out for more cross-border campaigns and whether they suffice to protect European elections. Critical here is how online platforms implement the new rules and how transparent they are about campaign-related posts on their sites. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/political-advertising-in-the-2024-european-elections ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Shahini, Besa T1 - Towards Enlargement - How to Rebuild Trust in the EU Accession Process N2 - EU enlargement has historically fostered economic growth and political stability. In the Western Balkans, however, the process has stalled for many years due to the myriad crises afflicting the EU and failure to deliver reforms in the Western Balkans. This policy brief examines the evolution of the EU accession process, the challenges faced by candidate countries, and the need for a revitalized approach that builds reforms into the accession process rather than keep them a precondition for kickstarting it. It calls for the EU to remove bilateral disputes from the process and open accession talks with all candidate countries in all areas covered by the acquis, ensuring that all candidate countries have a fair chance based on their merits. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/towards-enlargement-how-to-rebuild-trust-in-the-eu-accession-process ER - TY - THES A1 - Lohse, Anna Prisca T1 - Higher Education in an Age of Disruption: Comparing European Internationalisation Policies N2 - This book investigates European higher education internationalisation policies during a period marked by extreme upheaval due to Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Situating her analysis at the intersection of higher education research and policy studies, the author combines historical and sociological institutionalism to investigate how this time of disruption impacted higher education policies in England, France and Germany. Based on extensive qualitative data derived from expert interviews and document analysis, the study offers timely insights into dynamics of institutional change and stability in higher education governance, as well as implications for the future of cross-border education and internationalisation. The book will appeal to academics and students interested in education policy and the internationalisation of higher education. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 06/2024 Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783031579110 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57912-7 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Khanna, Tarun M. A1 - Ruhnau, Oliver T1 - How aggregate electricity demand responds to hourly wholesale price fluctuations JF - Energy Economics N2 - Electricity needs to be consumed at the very moment of production, leading wholesale prices to fluctuate widely at (sub-)hourly time scales. This article investigates the response of aggregate electricity demand to such price variations. Using wind energy as an instrument, we estimate a significant and robust short-term price elasticity of about −0.05 in Germany and attribute this to industrial consumers. As the share of consumption that is exposed to real-time prices (currently less than 25%) expands, we expect the aggregated price elasticity to grow. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107652 SN - 0140-9883 VL - 135 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schmauck, Sarah A1 - Mika, Tatjana ED - Karger-Kroll, Anna ED - Schäfers, Lars T1 - Der Wandel der Lebensformen und seine Bedeutung für die Alterssicherung in Deutschland T2 - Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplinären Sondierung der Alterssicherung Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.nomos-shop.de/nomos/titel/gerechte-rente-id-119795/ SN - 978-3-7560-1712-6 PB - Nomos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Allcott, Hunt A1 - Gentzkow, Matthew A1 - Mason, Winter A1 - Wilkins, Arjun A1 - Barberá, Pablo A1 - Brown, Taylor A1 - Cisneros, Juan Carlos A1 - Crespo-Tenorio, Adriana A1 - Dimmery, Drew A1 - Freelon, Deen A1 - González-Bailón, Sandra A1 - Guess, Andrew M. A1 - Kim, Young Mie A1 - Lazer, David A1 - Malhotra, Neil A1 - Moehler, Devra A1 - Nair-Desai, Sameer A1 - Nait El Barj, Houda A1 - Nyhan, Brendan A1 - Paixao de Queiroz, Ana Carolina A1 - Pan, Jennifer A1 - Settle, Jaime A1 - Thorson, Emily A1 - Tromble, Rebekah A1 - Velasco Rivera, Carlos A1 - Wittenbrink, Benjamin A1 - Wojcieszak, Magdalena A1 - Zahedian, Saam A1 - Franco, Annie A1 - Kiewiet de Jonge, Chad A1 - Stroud, Natalie Jomini A1 - Tucker, Joshua A. T1 - The effects of Facebook and Instagram on the 2020 election: A deactivation experiment JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences N2 - We study the effect of Facebook and Instagram access on political beliefs, attitudes, and behavior by randomizing a subset of 19,857 Facebook users and 15,585 Instagram users to deactivate their accounts for 6 wk before the 2020 U.S. election. We report four key findings. First, both Facebook and Instagram deactivation reduced an index of political participation (driven mainly by reduced participation online). Second, Facebook deactivation had no significant effect on an index of knowledge, but secondary analyses suggest that it reduced knowledge of general news while possibly also decreasing belief in misinformation circulating online. Third, Facebook deactivation may have reduced self-reported net votes for Trump, though this effect does not meet our preregistered significance threshold. Finally, the effects of both Facebook and Instagram deactivation on affective and issue polarization, perceived legitimacy of the election, candidate favorability, and voter turnout were all precisely estimated and close to zero. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2321584121 VL - 121 IS - 21 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stiewe, Clemens A1 - Xu, Alice Lixuan A1 - Eicke, Anselm A1 - Hirth, Lion T1 - Cross-border cannibalization: Spillover effects of wind and solar energy on interconnected European electricity markets N2 - The average revenue, or market value, of wind and solar energy tends to fall with increasing market shares, as is now evident across European electricity markets. At the same time, these markets have become more interconnected. In this paper, we empirically study the multiple cross-border effects on the value of renewable energy: on one hand, interconnection is a flexibility resource that allows to export energy when it is locally abundant, benefitting renewables. On the other hand, wind and solar radiation are correlated across space, so neighboring supply adds to the local one to depress domestic prices. We estimate both effects, using spatial panel regression on electricity market data from 2015 to 2023 from 30 European bidding zones. We find that domestic wind and solar value is not only depressed by domestic, but also by neighboring renewables expansion. The better interconnected a market is, the smaller the effect of domestic but the larger the effect of neighboring renewables. While wind value is stabilized by interconnection, solar value is not. If wind market share increases both at home and in neighboring markets by one percentage point, the value factor of wind energy is reduced by just above 1 percentage points. For solar, this number is almost 4 percentage points. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.17166 PB - arXiv ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindemann, Korinna A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. T1 - The Effect of Televised Candidate Debates on the Support for Political Parties N2 - During campaigns for legislative elections, a large portion of the general public follows televised debates between the front-running candidates. How can the candidates use the public interest in the debates to increase the support for their party? In this article, we argue that especially challenger candidates can improve the public perception of their valence qualities, such as personal integrity, leadership, and competence, and can - as a result - improve the support of their parties. We expect the perceived policy stances of the candidates to matter less, as parties often already have well-defined policy profiles that matter to voters. Building on televised debate experiments during the German Federal Elections of 2009 and 2013, we analyse the effect of the debates on party vote and in how far this relationship is mediated by changes in valence and policy evaluations of the candidates. Results show that changes of candidate valence, but not changes in policy perceptions, of the social-democratic front-running candidates mediate the vote intention for the party. Respondents who perceived the candidates more competent, empathetic and have integrity as a result of the debate are more likely to vote for their party. Our analysis further reveals, however, that this valence effect does not carry-over to vote intention briefly before the election. Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54385 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Gehrig, Stefan A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment JF - Management Science N2 - This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely, when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. KW - discrimination, hiring decisions, gender, beliefs, experiment, aversive sexism Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01229 SN - 0025-1909 (print) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dessy, Elodie A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Xhauflair, Virginie T1 - Organizational diversity of social-mission platforms: Advancing a configurational research agenda JF - Information and Organization N2 - Social-mission platforms (SMPs), or platforms that facilitate the interactions between stakeholders across sectors and help them exchange resources to make progress on social and environmental problems, have emerged on a global scale. However, despite their prevalence, little is known about how SMPs organize to orchestrate collective efforts of social innovation. Taking stock of information systems and organizational literature on platforms, we identify four dimensions inherent in platform organizing (i.e., identity, boundary, governance, and technology). We then analyze three case studies to interrogate how these organizing dimensions manifest in SMPs. As a result, we offer a conceptual framework highlighting the trade-offs SMPs face, specifying the design choices they can make, and exposing the interdependences between dimensions. We further illustrate how these interdependences inform a configurational perspective of SMPs and suggest avenues to advance a configurational research agenda to deepen understanding of SMPs as effective vehicles to address Grand Challenges. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100514. SN - 1471-7727 VL - 34 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alonso-Perez, Enrique A1 - Heisig, Jan Paul A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Gellert, Paul A1 - O’Sullivan, Julie Lorraine T1 - Intersectional inequalities in the transition to grandparenthood and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) JF - The Journals of Gerontology: Series B N2 - Objectives In aging societies, more people become vulnerable to experiencing cognitive decline. Simultaneously, the role of grandparenthood is central for older adults and their families. Our study investigates inequalities in the level and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults, focusing on possible intersectional effects of social determinants and grandparenthood as a life course transition that may contribute to delaying cognitive decline. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we analyzed a sample of 19,953 individuals aged 50-85 without grandchildren at baseline. We applied Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy to investigate variation in cognitive functioning across 48 intersectional strata, defined by sex/gender, migration, education, and occupation. We allowed the impact of becoming a grandparent on cognitive functioning trajectories to vary across strata by including random slopes. Results Intersectional strata accounted for 17.43% of the overall variance in cognitive functioning, with most of the stratum-level variation explained by additive effects of the stratum-defining characteristics. Transition to grandparenthood was associated with higher cognitive functioning, showing a stronger effect for women. Stratum-level variation in the grandparenthood effect was modest, especially after accounting for interactions between grandparenthood and the stratum-defining variables. Discussion This study highlights the importance of social determinants for understanding heterogeneities in older adults’ level of cognitive functioning and its association with the transition to grandparenthood. Cumulative disadvantages negatively affect cognitive functioning, hence adopting an intersectional lens is useful to decompose inequalities and derive tailored interventions to promote equal healthy aging. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae088 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jerg, Lukas T1 - New forms of economic risk and political attitudes: Analyzing the influence of technological change and financialization in housing on political attitudes. Examining the effect of personality on the prevalence and persistence of atypical employment. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 05/2024 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53927 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D005 + 2024D005+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Döbbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas A1 - Miersch, Klaas A1 - Khanna, Tarun M. A1 - Bachelet, Marion A1 - Bruns, Stephan B. A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Forster, Piers M. A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Lamb, William F. A1 - Ohlendorf, Nils A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing JF - Nature Communications N2 - Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions using a rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions for at least 17 of these policies, despite the low level of prices in most instances. Statistically significant emissions reductions range between –5% to –21% across the schemes (–4% to –15% after correcting for publication bias). Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard to dozens of unevaluated carbon pricing schemes and the price elasticity of emissions reductions. More rigorous synthesis of carbon pricing and other climate policies is required across a range of outcomes to advance our understanding of “what works” and accelerate learning on climate solutions in science and policy. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48512-w SN - 2041-1723 VL - 15 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - THES A1 - Sorg, Alexander T1 - Understanding Foreign Deployed Nuclear Weapons N2 - This dissertation delves into the complex dynamics of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. Scholarly work on nuclear weapons has predominantly focused on strategic forces. However, many escalation scenarios foresee the use of tactical nuclear weapons as a precursor, which could eventually lead to an all-out nuclear war. These are exactly the weapons that the United States has deployed across the world, and we know little about their strategic causes and consequences. My study addresses this gap in the literature. The first part of this dissertation investigates the causes of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. It emphasizes the importance of assurance, which has commonly been neglected or subsumed under non-proliferation. Through a comprehensive conceptualization, I distinguish assurance from other strategies of interstate interaction, explaining how the U.S. uses nuclear weapon deployments to assure allies and maintain its sphere of influence. Utilizing an original dataset, I find evidence that largely confirms my assurance hypotheses. With regard to alternative explanations, the power projection hypotheses are supported, but the extended deterrence hypotheses are not. These results contribute to the underdeveloped literature on assurance and provide valuable insights into the strategic considerations underlying U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. The second part, which is co-authored with Julian Wucherpfennig, examines the consequences of U.S. military deployments, both conventional and nuclear. The theory of free-riding in military alliances postulates that member states piggyback on security commitments by guardian states. We argue that free-riding critically implies that foreign military deployments positively affect subjective feelings of security – in other words: that they assure. In contrast, if citizens hold skeptical views of the guardian or do not subscribe to the (extended) deterrence logic, they might experience an increase in threat perception. We investigate how foreign military deployments impact attitudes toward defense policies in host states through an observational data analysis and a survey experiment. While nuclear and conventional troop deployments decrease citizens’ subjective need for defense, they do not necessarily increase their sense of protection, challenging the logic of free-riding. Taken together, my findings suggest a mismatch between objectives and outcomes. While I find evidence that nuclear weapons are deployed to assure allies, this aim does not appear to be effective at the micro-level. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 04/2024 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50862 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D004 + 2024D004+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edmondson, Duncan A1 - Krafft, Oskar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - van Ballegooy, Christian T1 - Governance capacities in reflexive climate policymaking: the scope, role, and institutional arrangements of policy mix evaluation in the German domestic buildings sector N2 - Residential buildings directly contribute 11% to local greenhouse gas emissions and up to 40% of total emissions when accounting for energy use for electricity generation. In order to achieve the climate targets in line with the Federal Climate Protection Act, increased ambition level of climate policy instruments is required in this sector. In this research, we are interested in the governance of this sector and the role of evaluation: the government-mandated processes used to evaluate policy in terms of the actors, organisations and ministries involved in executing and coordinating these processes; and the metrics and methods as well as the scope and granularity of evaluations. The report follows a mixed methods research design, utilising multiple sources of primary data for triangulation. We combine 14 expert interviews with content analysis of published reports to investigate the quality and scope of the current evaluation procedures in place. Building on institutional and evaluation literatures, the research offers an enhanced understanding of the content, scope and processes of ex-post evaluation of policy instruments. KW - ARIADNE Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/en/publication/governance-capacities-in-reflexive-climate-policymaking-the-scope-role-and-institutional-arrangements-of-policy-mix-evaluation-in-the-german-domestic-buildings-sector/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2023.011 PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Fritzsche, Miriam T1 - De-industrialization, local joblessness and the male-female employment gap T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Across industrialized countries, regional disparities in labor market outcomes and income have increased in recent decades. This paper investigates how one of the largest localized labor demand shocks tied to the beginning of de-industrialization- the decline of the mining industry between 1960 and 2010 - affects labor market outcomes in the long run. The analysis relies on a new panel data set based on digitized census records from Belgium, France, the UK, and Germany that allows to trace labor market adjustments over 60 years for the male and female working-age population separately. For the causal estimation, I use an IV-shift share approach that exploits exogenous variation in the shifts induced by increased seaborne trade of energy substitutes and the share given by geological rock strata to predict mining activity. The male population disproportionately suffered under this (early) de-industrialization shock and the subsequent job loss. For the male population, the employment-population ratio has not yet recovered resulting in persistent local joblessness. In contrast, the female working-age population experienced a strong catch-up in employment and participation. I find that at the aggregate level, a substantial, albeit time-lagged population response paired with a strong increase in female participation rates fully compensate for the loss of male jobs over the decades. As a consequence, the male-female employment gap shrinks over time. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 40 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54270 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 40 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Fries, Tilman T1 - Narrative Persuasion T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We study how one person may shape the way another person interprets objective information. They do this by proposing a sense-making explanation (or narrative). Using a theory-driven experiment, we investigate the mechanics of such narrative persuasion. Our results reveal several insights. First, narratives are persuasive: We find that they systematically shift beliefs. Second, narrative fit (coherence with the facts) is a key determinant of persuasiveness. Third, this fit-heuristic is anticipated by narrative-senders, who systematically tailor their narratives to the facts. Fourth, the features of a competing narrative predictably influence both narrative construction and adoption. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 39 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54266 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 39 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kölle, Felix A1 - Quercia, Simone A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - Social Preferences under the Shadow of the Future N2 - Social interactions predominantly take place under the shadow of the future. Previous literature explains cooperation in indefinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma as predominantly driven by self-interested strategic considerations. This paper provides a causal test of the importance of social preferences for cooperation, varying the composition of interactions to be either homogeneous or heterogeneous in terms of these preferences. Through a series of pre-registered experiments (N = 1,074), we show that groups of prosocial individuals achieve substantially higher levels of cooperation. The cooperation gap between prosocial and selfish groups persists even when the shadow of the future is increased to make cooperation attractive for the selfish and when common knowledge about group composition is removed. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4506320 ET - CESifo Working Paper No. 10534 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Roth, Christopher A1 - Schwardmann, Peter A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - Depression Stigma N2 - Throughout history, people with mental illness have been discriminated against and stigmatized. Our experiment provides a new measure of perceived depression stigma and then investigates the causal effect of perceived stigma on help-seeking in a sample of 1,844 Americans suffering from depression. A large majority of our participants overestimate the extent of stigma associated with depression. In contrast to prior correlational evidence, lowering perceived social stigma through an information intervention leads to a reduction in the demand for psychotherapy. A mechanism experiment reveals that this information increases optimism about future mental health, thereby reducing the perceived need for therapy. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4772585 ET - CESifo Working Paper No. 11012 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Henningsen, Bernd T1 - Die Verwaltungssysteme T2 - Nordeuropa: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8487-8699-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748930914-253 SP - 253 EP - 261 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Stellungnahme zum Diskussionsvorschlag "Ein faires Unterhaltsrecht für Trennungsfamilien: Eckpunkte des Bundesministeriums der Justiz zur Modernisierung des Unterhaltsrechts" Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.bmfsfj.de/bmfsfj/ministerium/behoerden-beauftragte-beiraete-gremien/beirat-familienfragen PB - Wissenschaftlicher Beirat für Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Miraldo, Marisa A1 - Sassi, Franco A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed A1 - Simmons, Bryony A1 - Vrinten, Charlotte T1 - The development and market launch of orphan drugs from 1980 – 2019: a quantitative analysis Y1 - 2021 UR - https://download2.eurordis.org/rare2030/deliverables/D5.3%20R%26D%20and%20market%20launch%20of%20orphan%20drugs.pdf PB - Rare2030 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sharmam, Vaishnavi A1 - Shekar, Kamesh A1 - Rizvi, Kazim A1 - Ananth, Pavan A1 - Chhetri, Deepshika A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed T1 - Exchange of Knowledge Across the Lifecycle of Digital Health Initiatives: A Cooperative Knowledge Transfer Between India and the EU N2 - The European Union (“EU”) and India, two of the most significant jurisdictions in the world, are in the process of introducing transformative legal and policy instruments that seek to leverage digital technologies for health. On 15 August 2020, India unveiled its National Digital Health Mission policy - later rolled out as the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (“ABDM”) - that seeks to create an open, interoperable digital health ecosystem in the country, enabling various digital health systems to engage with each other and empower individuals to be in control of their health data. On the other hand, on 3rd May 2022, the EU released a proposal for a regulation for a European Health Data Space (“EHDS”) to address health-specific challenges to electronic health data access and sharing and create a common space where natural persons can easily control their electronic health data. However, considering these jurisdictions' geographical, cultural, and historical dispositions, various concerns emerge that may cause hindrance to these projects. While the EU has demonstrated its highlyadvanced approach towards policy-making in data-relevant domains, including health, India has showcased its efficiency and experience in scaling data systems and making them interoperable. Accordingly, this research paper highlights certain specific policy- and implementation-level concerns that both jurisdictions need to pay heed to while going ahead with their respective projects. Additionally, after studying the various digital healthcare ecosystems in these jurisdictions, the paper makes certain recommendations to work towards a seamless design, development, deployment, and operation of the frameworks. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://euindiathinktanks.in/2024/publications/a-cooperative-knowledge-transfer-between-india-and-the-eu-2/ PB - EU-India Think Tanks Twinning Initiative ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Arránz Becker, Oliver ED - Hank, Karsten ED - Steinbach, Anja T1 - Sozialstruktur und Familienformen T2 - Handbuch Familiensoziologie N2 - Dieser Beitrag gibt auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus einen Überblick über den Wandel der Familienformen in Deutschland. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit alleinerziehende, nichteheliche und eheliche Familien sozialstrukturell differenziert sind und in welchem Ausmaß sich die ökonomische Lebenslage der verschiedenen Familienformen unterscheidet. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-35218-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35219-6_26 SP - 657 EP - 674 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - George, Gerard A1 - Ertug, Gokhan A1 - Bapuji, Hari A1 - Doh, Jonathan P. A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Prasad, Ajnesh T1 - COVID-19 and Management Scholarship: Lessons for Conducting Impactful Research JF - Business & Society N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for management scholars to address large-scale and complex societal problems and strive for greater practical and policy impact. A brief overview of the most-cited work on COVID-19 reveals that, compared with their counterparts in other disciplines, leading management journals and professional associations lagged in providing a platform for high-impact research on COVID-19. To help management research play a more active role in responding to similar global challenges in the future, we propose an integrative framework that emphasizes a phenomenon’s impact, the conditions that the phenomenon creates at multiple levels, and the responses of actors to such conditions, as well as the dynamic relationships and interactions among these actors. By shifting attention to phenomena and their overall impact, this framework can help scholars better position their work to address large-scale and complex problems and also to assess research for its contribution to generate impact beyond academia. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503241237047 SN - 0007-6503 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 715 EP - 744 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asimovic, Nejla A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Samii, Cyrus T1 - Estimating the effect of intergroup contact over years: evidence from a youth program in Israel JF - Political Science Research and Methods N2 - We study how an intervention combining youth intergroup contact and sports affects intergroup relations in the context of an active conflict. We first conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of one-year program exposure in Israel. To track effects of a multiyear exposure, we then use machine-learning techniques to fuse the RCT with the observational data gathered on multiyear participants. This analytical approach can help overcome frequent limitations of RCTs, such as modest sample sizes and short observation periods. Our evidence cannot affirm a one-year effect on outgroup regard and ingroup regulation, although we estimate benefits of multiyear exposure among Jewish-Israeli youth, particularly boys. We discuss implications for interventions in contexts of active conflict and group status asymmetry. KW - civil/domestic conflict, ethnicity and nationalism, experimental research, field experiments, quantitative methods Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2024.8 SN - 2049-8470 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - van Aaken, Anne ED - d'Argent, Pierre ED - Mälksoo, Lauri ED - Vasel, Johann Justus T1 - Human Rights Ideas, Law, and Institutions in Europe T2 - The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Europe N2 - This chapter introduces the contribution of Europe to the development of human rights ideas, law, and institutions. In a spirit of ‘provincialising Europe’, it argues that Europe’s contributions to human rights are ambivalent and dynamic. The chapter first examines natural rights and rights of citizens as twin, but also potentially conflicting, developments in demarcating Europe’s contributions to human rights. Europe is historically a home of human rights ideas as well as strong critiques and double standards in the use of these ideas. The chapter then examines European contributions to the legalization of human rights with a focus on two institutional Europes: that of the Council of Europe and the European Union. Finally, the chapter reviews contemporary human rights debates, against the backdrop of authoritarianization in Europe on the one hand and demands for new human rights to tackle the climate crisis, and digitalization of modern societies on the other. KW - EU Law, International Law, Law Y1 - 2023 SN - 9780198865315 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198865315.013.8 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Durmuş, Betül A1 - Eskitaşçıoğlu, İlayda ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Turkey T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_021 SP - 1225 EP - 1272 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - Peters, Anne ED - Sparks, Tom T1 - Global Constitutionalism and the Individual T2 - The Individual in International Law: History and Theory Y1 - 2024 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-individual-in-international-law-9780198898917?cc=de&lang=en&# SN - 9780198898917 SP - 321 EP - 340 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Revisiting Europe’s ‘law-politics imbalance’ T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The aim of this chapter is to consider whether accusations of judicial activism towards the European Courts are rooted not in the activity of the CJEU per se but rather a wider ‘imbalance’ between law and politics in the present-day EU. Revisiting an earlier chapter, the chapter considers three sources of such an imbalance: the gap between the jurisdiction of the CJEU and the EU’s legislative competence; judicial reasoning at the EU level; and the imbalance in the EU between market and non-market objectives. While the chapter argues that the EU retains such an imbalance, recent developments, particularly the increasing dynamism of the EU legislature, have significantly narrowed the gap between the EU’s political and legal capacities in the last decade. As the chapter will conclude, the EU carries a less institutionally ‘lonely’ Court than in the past, providing the Union’s judiciary with greater leverage to temper activist claims. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00007 SP - 17 EP - 33 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - de Witte, Bruno A1 - Muir, Elise ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Introduction: locating judicial politics T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The Court inhabits a ‘political space’ to which it is called upon to respond. This points to its need to develop cooperative relationships not only with courts but also with political actors (such as national governments and the EU legislature) and even to directly address and explain decisions to EU citizens themselves. This book is aimed at answering the question of ‘How does the CJEU position itself as a political as well as a legal actor?’ with a view to better understanding the work of the Court and addressing its contestation. For that purpose, we explore in this introductory chapter what is meant by judicial ‘activism’ and judicial ‘politics’, before examining the different varieties of judicial politics our authors have shown an interest in. This will pave the way to drawing some lessons on the factors to take into account when seeking to address and respond to contestation of the work of the Court. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00006 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - GEN ED - Mark, Dawson ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - Addressing the tensions between the political and the legal dimension of European integration as well as intra-institutional dynamics, this insightful book navigates the complex topic of judicial politics. Providing an overview of key topics in the current debate and including an introductory chapter on different conceptions of judicial politics, experts in law and politics interrogate the broader political role of the European Court of Justice. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Limited ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dolan, Chris A1 - Tshimba, David N. T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Uganda N2 - Refugee influxes into Uganda are triggered by armed conflict, insurgencies, political persecution, and severe economic hardships. This study of refugee recognition analyses the norms, institutions, modes and quality of recognition processes, as well as quality of protection provided. KW - refugee recognition regime, Uganda, RSD, asylum, refugee rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53909 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers ET - No. 10 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Funke, Franziska A1 - Mattauch, Linus A1 - Douenne, Thomas A1 - Fabre, Adrien A1 - Stiglitz, Joseph E. T1 - Supporting carbon pricing when interest rates are higher T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - To accept carbon pricing, citizens desire viable alternatives to fossil-fuel based options. As inflation and higher interest rates have exacerbated access barriers for capital-intensive green substitutes, the political success of carbon pricing will be measured by how well policy design enables consumers to switch. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 38 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53889 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Leininger, Arndt A1 - Murr, Andreas E. T1 - Voters’ Expectations in Constituency Elections without Local Polls JF - Public Opinion Quarterly N2 - How do voters form accurate expectations about the strength of political candidates in constituency elections if there are no reliable constituency polls available? We argue that voters can use national election polls and past election results to increase the accuracy of their expectations. A survey experiment during the German federal election of 2021 confirms that the provision of national election polls and past results increases the accuracy of voters’ expectations. The analysis further shows that voters leverage the information to update their beliefs. The results have relevant implications for debates about belief formation in low-information environments. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfae015 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Bounded Rationality, Beliefs, and Behavior T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This chapter presents a microeconomic, behavioral perspective on bounded rationality and beliefs. It begins with an account of how research on belief biases, in particular via probabilistic belief elicitation, has become mainstream in economics only relatively recently and late, even in behavioral economics (aka “psychology and economics”). The chapter then offers a review of the decision-theoretic foundations of modeling and eliciting (subjective) beliefs as probabilities, as well as selected—both classic and recent—evidence on humans’ bounded rationality from related research in psychology and economics. In doing so, it connects the historical debates within decision theory, on the one hand, and within psychology, on the other, concerning the normative status of expected utility and Bayesianism, as well as its methodological implications. A conclusion draws lessons for the practice of belief elicitation and future research. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 37 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53637 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 37 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ostanina, Sascha A1 - Tardy, Thierry T1 - Turbo-charging the EU's defence industry and security posture N2 - The first-ever European Defence Industrial Strategy and its financial leg, the European Defence Industrial Programme, saw the light of day in March 2024. The strategy seeks to ameliorate deficiencies in EU defence readiness identified in light of the Russo-Ukrainian war. It offers an ambitious agenda and tailor-made incentives designed to encourage EU member states to invest more, better, together, and European. The Jacques Delors Institute’s Associate Research Fellow Thierry Tardy and the Jacques Delors Centre’s Security Policy Fellow Sascha Ostanina argue that the strategy is a good start to motivate European countries for more action in the defence sector. However, as long as the EU fails to take on a larger defence mandate via treaty change, the strategy success will hinge upon whether the member states, and their respective industrial defence sectors, will be willing to step up to the plate. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/turbo-charging-the-eus-defence-industry-and-security-posture ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Roth, Christopher A1 - Schwardmann, Peter A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - Misperceived Effectiveness and the Demand for Psychotherapy T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - While psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating depression, take-up remains low. In a sample of 1,843 depressed individuals, we document that effectiveness concerns are top-of-mind when respondents consider the value of therapy. We then show that the average respondent underestimates the effectiveness of therapy and that an information treatment correcting this misperception increases participants’ incentivized willingness to pay for therapy. Information affects therapy demand by changing beliefs rather than by shifting attention. Our results suggest that information interventions that target the perceived effectiveness of therapy are a potent tool in combating the ongoing mental health crisis. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 36 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53621 ET - No. 36 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting ED - Lynch, Daniel ED - Rosen, Stanley T1 - Xi Jinping’s Partnership with Technology Companies and Social Media Platforms T2 - Chinese Politics: The Xi Jinping Difference N2 - Contrary to conventional wisdom, even Xi Jinping, who is often depicted in the media and pundit world as having centralized control over nearly every dimension of Chinese governance, still must rely on powerful technology corporations to carry out his will in the increasingly important Internet sector. This suggests a model of political control significantly more nuanced than most observers realize. This chapter argues that Xi Jinping does not rule the Internet and more specifically social media via a tight command-and-control structure, which implies that he is the ultimate decision-maker and companies simply implement his policy decisions. Instead, the chapter demonstrates based on process-tracing that China’s governance of the Internet is best understood as a corporate management model, whereby the Chinese state engages in a partnership with technology companies. Xi Jinping assumes a leadership role enforced by state instruments of control and cooptation strategies. At the same time, the state remains dependent on companies due to their informational, organizational, and institutional resources. KW - China Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781032191522 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003257943-5 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlecht, Ingmar A1 - Maurer, Christoph A1 - Hirth, Lion T1 - Financial contracts for differences: The problems with conventional CfDs in electricity markets and how forward contracts can help solve them JF - Energy Policy N2 - Contracts for differences are widely seen as a cornerstone of Europe's future electricity market design. This paper is about designing such contracts. We identify the dispatch and investment distortions that conventional CfDs cause, the patches used to overcome these shortcomings, and the problems these fixes introduce. We then propose an alternative contract we call “financial” CfD. This hybrid between conventional CfDs and forward contracts mitigates revenue risk to a substantial degree while providing undistorted incentives. Like conventional CfDs, it is long-term and tailored to technology-specific (wind, solar, nuclear) generation patterns but, like forwards, decouples payments from actual generation. The proposed contract mitigates volume risk and avoids margin calls by accepting physical assets as collateral. KW - Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law KW - General Energy Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.113981 VL - 186 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Napoli, Claudia di A1 - Green, Carole A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Walawender, Maria A1 - Ali, Zakari A1 - Ameli, Nadia A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Beggs, Paul J A1 - Belesova, Kristine A1 - Berrang Ford, Lea A1 - Bowen, Kathryn A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Chambers, Jonathan A1 - Cross, Troy J A1 - van Daalen, Kim R A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Dominguez-Salas, Paula A1 - Dubrow, Robert A1 - Ebi, Kristie L A1 - Eckelman, Matthew A1 - Ekins, Paul A1 - Freyberg, Chris A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana A1 - Graham, Hilary A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Heidecke, Julian A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Jamart, Louis A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Kouznetsov, Rostislav A1 - Larosa, Francesca A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Liu, Yang A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Lott, Melissa A1 - Lotto Batista, Martín A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - Odhiambo Sewe, Maquins A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan C A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Momen, Natalie C A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Neville, Tara A1 - Nilsson, Maria A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - O'Hare, Megan B A1 - Oliveira, Camile A1 - Oreszczyn, Tadj A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia A1 - Pega, Frank A1 - Pershing, Andrew A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Rickman, Jamie A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth J Z A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Silbert, Grant A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stowell, Jennifer D A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Thompson, Ross A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Treskova, Marina A1 - Trinanes, Joaquin A A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Warnecke, Laura A1 - Whitcombe, Hannah A1 - Winning, Matthew A1 - Wyns, Arthur A1 - Yglesias-González, Marisol A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Zhang, Ying A1 - Zhu, Qiao A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01859-7 VL - 402 IS - 10419 SP - 2346 EP - 2394 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian A1 - Watteler, Oliver A1 - Breuer, Johannes A1 - Batzdorfer, Veronika A1 - Eder, Christina A1 - Wiltshire, Deborah A A1 - Barberá, Pablo A1 - Guess, Andrew Markus A1 - Yang, JungHwan T1 - Publishing Combined Web Tracking and Survey Data N2 - Combined survey and web tracking data have great potential for social-scientific research. They allow linking information on online behavior with data on reported offline behavior, opinions, and attitudes. At the same time, ethical, legal, and technical challenges make it difficult to disseminate linked web tracking data to the scientific community. This whitepaper aims to address these challenges by providing guidance for researchers and archivists, discussing legal, practical, and ethical aspects, disclosure risks, and establishing a framework for publishing web tracking data. Recommendations for best practices are also provided based on experiences from a research project funded by the German Consortium for the Social, Behavioural, Educational and Economic Sciences. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/y4v8z PB - Center for Open Science ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmié, Maximilian A1 - Miehé, Lucas A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wincent, Joakim T1 - Valuation entrepreneurship through product-design and blame-avoidance strategies: How Tesla managed to change the public perception of sustainable innovations JF - Journal of Product Innovation Management N2 - Developing innovative, eco-friendlier products that gain traction in the mass market remains a persistent challenge for many firms. To bring consumers to choose “greener” alternatives over conventional products, firms need to overcome prevailing product evaluations that favor traditional solutions. Research on valuation entrepreneurship examines the strategies that actors apply to induce changes in established evaluations. Adding to the emerging literature on valuation entrepreneurship, our study analyzes how the car maker Tesla, Inc. used product design—material artifacts' properties of form and function—to advance the public perception of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). When Tesla entered the market, several firms had tried to promote BEVs as a way of making private mobility more environmentally friendly, but with limited success. In contrast, Tesla produced well-received BEVs that generated enormous consumer interest and led to a more favorable assessment of BEVs as a whole. Drawing on 54 interviews and nearly 2000 pages of archival data, our abductive study identifies three product design strategies that increased the appeal of Tesla's initial models: (1) incorporating discontinuous technological solutions; (2) optimizing the products on traditional evaluation criteria (e.g., driving performance, comfort, space, status); and (3) creating an ecosystem of complementary products. Since some design choices came at the expense of a minimal environmental footprint, they risked attracting blame for compromising on the environmental performance of potentially eco-friendly cars and for committing “greenwashing.” To minimize this risk, Tesla complemented its design strategies by employing three strategies of reputational politics to avoid such blame. After Tesla's initial, lavish models had improved the public perception of electric cars, Tesla and other car makers were able to sell less excessive and more sustainable BEVs in much greater quantities than ever before. Our findings contribute to three literature streams and generate valuable insights for management practice. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12732 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Leichthammer, Arthur T1 - Navigating the Geoeconomic Tide: The Commission’s quest for a policy compass N2 - In 2019, Ursula von der Leyen promised a geopolitical Commission. Back then, the proclamation was largely derided as empty rhetoric. However, in recent years, a dizzying number of geoeconomic initiatives have come from Brussels, revising and tweaking existing tools and measures, developing new instruments, and announcing a grand new European Economic Security Strategy. This policy brief examines the progress made and outlines the key challenges for the next Commission. While the current Commission expanded the EU‘s geoeconomic toolbox, the incoming Commission must prioritise harmonisation to prevent fragmentation, allocate substantial funds to enhance resilience, and streamline institutional processes to facilitate coherent policymaking at a European level. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/navigating-the-geoeconomic-tide ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Parker, Simon T1 - The Temporal Structuring of Corporate Sustainability JF - Journal of Business Ethics N2 - Research on corporate sustainability has started to acknowledge the role of temporality in creating more sustainable organizations. Yet, these advances tend to treat firms as monolithic and we have little understanding of how different temporal patterns throughout an organization shape perceptions of and actions toward sustainability. Building on studies highlighting how the temporal structures of work shape employee engagement with different organizational processes and issues, we seek to answer: How does the temporality of work practices structure perceptions of corporate sustainability throughout the firm? Using data from an ethnography of a small European sustainable bank, we provide an account of the variety of ways in which employees in different departments perceive the bank and how they engage with sustainability. We then go on to show how the temporal structures of work practices within different departments help explain some divergence in perceptions of sustainability. Our study highlights the variegation of temporal structures in organizational processes of meaning-making and its role for a better understanding of the efforts to make corporations more sustainable. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-024-05648-5 SN - 0167-4544 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Weil, Kilian T1 - Social partners in the green transition of the EU JF - Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung N2 - Der Beitrag untersucht die Rolle der Sozialpartnerschaft zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasemissionen in Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union. Einerseits können die Sozialpartner dazu beitragen den Übergang zu niedrigeren Emissionen zu erleichtern, indem sie mit den betroffenen Arbeitnehmern über die Kosten und den Nutzen von Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Klimawandels verhandeln. Andererseits ist die Sozialpartnerschaft in Sektoren mit hohen Emissionen stärker ausgeprägt. Das könnte dazu führen, dass Sozialpartner versuchen, die Geschwindigkeit zur Reduzierung emissionsintensiver Produktionsprozesse zu verringern. Wir verwenden Daten aus der europäischen Verdienststrukturerhebung, Structure of Earnings Survey, um die Beziehung zwischen Tarifbindung, gewerkschaftlicher Organisation, Löhnen und Industrieemissionen in den EU-Mitgliedstaaten zu untersuchen. Wir finden, dass Sektoren mit hohen Emissionen höhere Gewinne, Löhne und geringere Lohnungleichheit aufweisen. Berufe mit hohen Emissionen sind hingegen nicht besser bezahlt. Gleichzeitig gibt es deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union. Abschließend erörtern wir, wie die Sozialpartnerschaft mit dem Dilemma umgeht, in den stark fossilen Industrien verwurzelt zu sein und gleichzeitig den Wandel zu verhandeln. N2 - The paper explores the role of social partnership for facilitating processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. Social partnership can help to facilitate the transition to lower emissions by negotiating the costs and benefits of climate reducing policies with the workers affected. At the same time, social partnership is stronger in sectors, which have high emissions and might be tempted to reduce the speed of phasing out high emission production processes. The paper uses data from the Structure of Earnings Survey to examine the relationship between bargaining coverage, unionization, wages and industry emissions in EU member states. It analyses these relationships in the context of different growth trajectories towards the knowledge economy. It finds that high-emitting industries tend to have higher profits, wages and lower wage inequality than others. Brown jobs, however, are not better jobs, but benefit from collective bargaining. At the same time, there are significant differences between the member states of the European Union. The paper concludes by discussing how social partnership deals with the dilemma of being rooted in fossil fuel industries while negotiating change. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3790/vjh.2023.334383 VL - 92 IS - 4 SP - 15 EP - 34 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Gehrig, Stefan A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment N2 - This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 35 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53610 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 35 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mack, Sebastian T1 - Handle with care – How Europe can reap the benefits of securitisation N2 - Provided it is sufficiently regulated, securitisation can help to fund the economy and share risks within the monetary union. Securitisation combines the advantages of banks in lending and of financial markets in financing. However, a lack of standardisation and legal harmonisation currently prevents the EU from reaping the benefits of this instrument. Weakening the prudential framework will not create a truly European market but may pose new risks to financial stability. Instead, this Policy Brief argues that to scale up securitisation, overcoming the fragmentation in national contract and insolvency laws in the longer term will be key. In the meantime, the European Commission should cut unnecessary red tape and establish an EU-wide standardised securitisation product tailored to an asset class that shows sustainable growth potential. Renovation loans are a promising option. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/handle-with-care-securitisation ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Gehrig, Stefan T1 - Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 35 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53592 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers UR - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5361 N1 - This document has been replaced due to an error on the cover page. The new document is available at the following link: https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5361 ET - No. 35 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - Transnational Constitutionalism – Conflicts‐Law Constitutionalism – Economic Constitutionalism: The Exemplary Case of the European Union N2 - Transnational Constitutionalism is a sociological given and a legal challenge. We observe the emergence of ever more legally-framed transnational arrangements with ever more power and impact. Does this kind of rule ‘deserve recognition’? Is it at all conceivable that the proprium of law can be defended against the rise of its informal competitors? This essay opts for a third way which neither listens to the siren songs on law beyond the state nor to the defences of nation-state constitutionalism as the monopolist of legitimate rule. The alternative submitted suggests that transnational legal ordering of the EU should build upon its re-conceptualisation as a ‘three-dimensional conflicts-law’ with a democracy-enhancing potential. This re-construction operationalises the ‘united in diversity’ motto of the Draft Constitutional Treaty of 2004. It preserves essential accomplishments of Europe’s constitutional democracies. It provides for co-operative problem-solving of transnational regulatory tasks, and it retains supervisory powers over national and transnational arrangements of private governance. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53574 N1 - This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Joerges C. Transnational constitutionalism – conflicts‐law constitutionalism – economic constitutionalism: the exemplary case of the European Union. Journal of Law and Society. 2023; 50(Suppl. 1): S81–S97., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12438. This article may be used for non‐commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self‐Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Governing society with flexible AI JF - Science N2 - Policy that prioritizes human agency is possible, even in an age of artificial intelligence Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn6814 SN - 0036-8075 VL - 383 IS - 6688 SP - 1185 EP - 1185 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bulutay, Muhammed T1 - Better than Perceived? Correcting Misperceptions about Central Bank Inflation Forecasts T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - How do households perceive the forecasting performance of the central bank? Using two novel experiments embedded in the Bundesbank's Survey on Consumer Expectations (total $N=9500$), this article shows that the majority of German households underestimate the ECB's inflation forecasting accuracy. In particular, they believe that the ECB is overly optimistic. Communication that challenges these perceptions improves the anchoring of inflation expectations, reduces inflation uncertainty and discourages consumption of durable goods. Treated households also report higher trust in the ECB, perceive the ECB's inflation target as more credible, the ECB's communication as more honest, and the ECB's policy as more beneficial to them. Finally, the causal effect of central bank trust on inflation expectations is quantified using instruments to deal with endogeneity. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 34 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53554 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers ET - No. 34 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mellmann, Heinrich A1 - Arbuzova, Polina A1 - Kontogiorgos, Dimosthenis A1 - Yordanova, Magdalena A1 - Haensel, Jennifer X. A1 - Hafner, Verena V. A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Effects of Transparency in Humanoid Robots - A Pilot Study T2 - Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction N2 - Transparency is recognized as a vital feature for understanding and predicting robot behavior. Another feature that affects interaction with robots is their anthropomorphism. The relationship between these remains under-explored but is postulated to be negative. We present a pilot study investigating the effects of robot transparency in human-robot interactions, where the robot has an anthropomorphic appearance. We asked participants to evaluate and interact with the humanoid robot Pepper to examine whether visualizing the robot's goals and behavior affects perceived intelligence, anthropomorphism, and robot agency. Our preliminary findings suggest that users may attribute higher ratings of agency when interacting with a robot visualizing its goals. In this late-breaking report, we propose our experiment on the interplay between transparency and anthropomorphism in human-robot interaction and summarize insights from our preliminary pilot study. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9798400703232 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640613 SP - 750 EP - 754 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - McDonnell, Emilie T1 - The Displacement Regime Complex: Reform for Protection N2 - This working paper aims to examine the ‘displacement regime complex’, displacement referring to both internally and externally displaced persons, taking into account the competing roles of UNHCR and IOM in both spheres of activity. The title of the paper ‘Reform for protection’, aims to outline institutional reforms that aim to increase protection for the displaced, informed by binding universal human rights standards, and institutional principles relating to accountability and participation of most affected populations. KW - IOM KW - Displacement KW - International Protection KW - UNHCR KW - Refugee Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53209 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers ET - No. 09 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lambert, Laura T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Niger (in French) KW - refugee recognition regime, Niger, RSD, asylum, refugee rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52508 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers N1 - This is the French translation of the original English report which is also available on RefMig website. ET - No. 08 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lambert, Laura T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Niger N2 - This report explores the refugee recognition regime in Niger. Quantitatively, Niger is the most important transit and refugee host country in West Africa. Niger is also at the forefront of debates on migration management in the region, as it is presented by International Organisations and states of the Global North as an alternative destination to the limited refugee protection in Libya and North Africa. Against the background of a relative dearth of literature on refugee recognition regimes (RRR) in (West) Africa and generally the Global South, this study draws on ethnographic field research and desk research to analyse the norms, institutions, modes of recognition, quality of recognition processes and of protection in Niger. This report’s research was completed in July 2021 and except a few data points, does not include any developments thereafter. KW - refugee recognition regime, Niger, RSD, asylum, refugee rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52495 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers N1 - The report is also available in French at the same web address. ET - No. 08 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Abou-Chadi, Tarik A1 - Jansen, Jannik A1 - Kollberg, Markus A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - Debunking the Backlash - Uncovering European Voters' Climate Preferences N2 - The notion of a broad green backlash is set to dominate this year's European election campaign. Based on new survey data from more than 15.000 respondents in Germany, France and Poland, we show that it is largely overblown. A majority of voters still wish for a more ambitious climate policy and would support a raft of concrete measures to bring down emissions. However, supporting pivotal voters in the middle will require a stronger focus on green investment and industrial policy and offsetting measures for effective but unpopular policies like carbon pricing. Parties should not waste the coming months outbidding each other over how to cater to imagined climate fatigue but compete over concrete recipes to green the economy. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/debunking-the-backlash-uncovering-european-voters-climate-preferences ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hagen, Achim A1 - Kollenbach, Gilbert T1 - The Political Economy of Stranded Assets: Climate Policies, Investments and the Role of Elections T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We study the interaction of climate policies and investments into fossil and renewable energy generation capacity if policies are set by democratically elected governments and can lead to stranded assets. We develop an overlapping generations model, where elections determine carbon taxation and green investment subsidies, and individuals make investments into fossil and renewable capacity. We find that some fossil investments become stranded assets, if the party offering the higher carbon tax is unexpectedly elected. In contrast, if the individuals have perfect foresight, there are no stranded assets, climate damages are fixed and carbon taxation only serves redistributive purposes. Then, there is either no or prohibitive carbon taxation and energy generation completely relies on renewables in the latter case. Green investment subsidies can be used by governments to bind the hands of their successor. If the party representing the young generation is in power, it can use a high subsidy to reduce or even avoid potentially stranded assets in the next period. With endogenous reelection probability, we show that this party can also use investment subsidies strategically to influence the elections. The party that represents the old generation abstains from both types of climate policies to avoid a redistribution of income towards the young generation. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 33 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53485 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers ET - No. 33 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - Chasing Shadows: What the Net Zero Industry Act Teaches Us About EU Industrial Policy N2 - The Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA) was touted as the EU‘s big response to the US Inflation Reduction Act. After a year of negotiations, it will finally hit the legislative books. In his policy position, Nils Redeker analyses what has become of the EU‘s green industrial policy ambitions, what the NZIA teaches us about Europe‘s role in the clean tech race, and what the next Commission needs to do to formulate a constructive answer to the global return of industrial policy. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/chasing-shadows-what-the-net-zero-industry-act-teaches-us-about-eu-industrial-policy ER - TY - THES A1 - Stoll, Julius T1 - Three Essays in Applied Microeconomics: A Microeconomic Study of Snacks, Beer, and Real Estate Agents N2 - This dissertation comprises three essays. Although their titles make clear their self-contained nature, all essays share a common motivation: to combine economic theory with modern tools of causal inference to understand applied problems. The first chapter studies honesty when the costs to behave honestly change. Using field data from a snack delivery company that employs an honesty payment system, the chapter presents an event study to analyze how price increases affect pay rates. The honesty payment system expects customers to pay a listed price for each consumed snack. This allows me to measure honesty with the pay rate that compares consumption to payments. The results, which draw on deliveries from several thousand firms, show that price increases that make honest behavior more costly cause more cheating. Price increases of 15% trigger a fall in pay rates of 11%. The second chapter studies a recent legal reform in Germany, which aims to lower commission rates of real estate agents by raising the cost salience of sellers. I find that the reform has backfired and real estate agents have exploited the transition to increase their commission rates. The findings document that in some regions real estate agents increase their commission by up to 2 percentage points, adding over e6,000 in transaction cost to the average home sale. As explicit collusion is unlikely in this setting, I argue that this arbitrary increase points to seller ignorance instead. To verify if and why sellers fail to induce price competition, I run a pre-registered survey experiment with 1,062 real estate agents. Although commission rates should be negotiated independently for each sale, the survey confirms that 85% of sellers do not attempt to negotiate lower commission rates. The randomized experimental questions suggest that real estate agents may cater to the low willingness of sellers to negotiate by providing misleading reference commission rates and shrouding the economic incidence for sellers. The third chapter is co-authored with Christian Traxler and Carsten Burhop and examines the causal effect of beer on crime based on unique panel data from Germany between 1882 and 1913. Using exogenous variation in the yield of spring barley, a key input in beer production, we identify a quantitatively and qualitatively significant effect of beer on violent crimes. This effect is mainly driven by a positive effect on assaults, where our findings suggest that a 1% increase in beer production raises assault rates by the same percentage. These findings are corroborated using a complementary empirical design that exploits a brewing tax reform in Prussia. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 03/2024 Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53268 N1 - List of publications Stoll, J. (2022). The cost of honesty: Field evidence. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 101, 101943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2022.101943 Stoll, J. (2023). How not to reduce commission rates of real estate agents: Evidence from Germany. Berlin School of Economics (Discussion Paper No. 26). https://doi.org/10.48462/OPUS4-5077 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D003 + 2024D003+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Flying blind? Why EU administrations need better data and analytical capacities N2 - To achieve some recent EU priorities, such as boosting clean tech manufacturing, reducing energy prices, or strengthening economic resilience, policy makers are intervening more actively in the economy. Getting these types of policies right requires a thorough understanding of the respective business environment, technologies, and market developments. This policy brief argues that the EU level lacks the data and the analytic capacities that are needed to achieve this understanding. The next EU Commission should address these shortcomings by collecting more data in the narrow areas subject to vertical government intervention, by improving how data gets collected, and by dedicating more staff to data-driven analyses. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/flying-blind-why-eu-administrations-need-better-data-and-analytical-capacities ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koranyi, Kinga T1 - Power of the weak? Framing strategies in fiscal redistribution negotiations JF - Regional & Federal Studies N2 - In fiscal redistribution negotiations, fiscally weaker sub-units aim to secure more funding but are disempowered by their dependency and lack of bargaining chips. What kind of negotiation strategies do fiscally weak actors rely on to maximize their bargaining positions in redistributive negotiations? The article puts forward a novel strategy of discursive framing whereby relatively powerless actors can reach successful agreements. Two strategies of framing, communitarian and coercive, are observed inductively through a comparative case study analysis of two instances of sub-federal redistribution negotiations in Canada. The findings reveal that ‘more is not always better’: more publicity and aggression can backfire, while communitarian strategies grounded in normative argumentation can prove effective despite their non-confrontational nature. Even a mixed communitarian-coercive strategy can prove effective given that sub-units remain consistent with their initial objectives and apply pressure incrementally. The lessons learned from these Canadian cases have broader implications for studying the dynamics of redistributive negotiations globally. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2023.2295407 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Human Experience and AI Regulation: What European Union Law Brings to Digital Technology Ethics JF - Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society N2 - Although nearly all artificial intelligence (AI) regulatory documents now reference the importance of human-centering digital systems, we frequently see AI ethics itself reduced to limited concerns, such as bias and, sometimes, power consumption. Although their impacts on human lives and our ecosystem render both of these absolutely critical, the ethical and regulatory challenges and obligations relating to AI do not stop there. Joseph Weizenbaum described the potential abuse of intelligent systems to make inhuman cruelty and acts of war more emotionally accessible to human operators. But more than this, he highlighted the need to solve the social issues that facilitate violent acts of war, and the immense potential the use of computers offers in this context. The present article reviews how the EU’s digital regulatory legislation—well enforced—could help us address such concerns. I begin by reviewing why the EU leads in this area, considering the legitimacy of its actions both regionally and globally. I then review the legislation already protecting us—the General Data Protection Regulation, the Digital Services Act, and the Digital Markets Act—and consider their roles in achieving Weizenbaum’s goals. Finally, I consider the almost-promulgated AI Act before concluding with a brief discussion of the potential for future enforcement and global regulatory cooperation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34669/WI.WJDS/3.3.8 SN - 2748-5625 VL - 3 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cingolani, Luciana T1 - Diversity in the public administration: a Multidimensional Index of Bureaucratic Underrepresentation N2 - This dataset presents a novel an index for measuring diversity in the public administration in 37 European countries between 2008 and 2018, accounting for gender, age, nationality, ethnicity and disability. (2022-08-24) KW - Public Administration, Diversity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IEPHLG N1 - Data repository: Harvard Dataverse ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Di Carlo, Donato A1 - Höpner, Martin T1 - The return of inflation and three meanings of wage restraint T2 - LSE Blog EUROPP N2 - The sharp increase in inflation across Europe over the last two years has led to calls from some actors for a policy of wage restraint to prevent a vicious circle of price rises. Yet as Martin Höpner, Anke Hassel and Donato Di Carlo write, the fact that “wage restraint” can be understood in multiple different ways has created confusion about the link between wages and prices. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2023/10/16/the-return-of-inflation-and-three-meanings-of-wage-restraint/ UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000D-CE05-6 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Di Carlo, Donato A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Höpner, Martin T1 - Germany’s coordinated policy response to the energy crisis: shielding the export-led model at all costs T2 - LUHNIP Working Paper Series N2 - Executive Summary: ▪ The German government has taken decisive actions in response to the dual economic shocks linked to the Covid-19 pandemic and Russian gas supplies’ cut-off – with the main objective of protecting its export-oriented industrial economy. ▪ By engaging in "competitive corporatism," the coalitional government has worked closely with the social partners – especially representatives from the chemical and metalworking-engineering export sectors – to restore domestic firms’ cost competitiveness while providing social compensation to vulnerable households and individuals. ▪ The government's concerted threefold strategy to uphold the export-led growth regime includes: (1) measures aimed at reducing firms’ energy costs; (2) in/direct measures aimed at controlling the rise of labour costs to prevent a wage-price spiral; (3) substantial state aid provided to ailing firms. ▪ The scope of state intervention in Germany's economy is unparalleled, entailing significant fiscal outlays for protective measures, made possible by Germany’s advantageous sovereign refinancing capacity. Germany’s economic activism risks jeopardising the EU single market due to extensive state aid, especially since Germany resists joint fiscal resource pooling for EU-wide industrial policy. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://leap.luiss.it/publication-research/publications/d-di-carlo-a-hassel-m-hopner-germanys-coordinated-policy-response-to-the-energy-crisis-shielding-the-export-led-model-at-all-costs/ PB - Luiss Institute for European Analysis and Policy CY - Rome ET - 1/2023 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. T1 - Repression in the Digital Age: Surveillance, Censorship, and the Dynamics of State Violence Y1 - 2024 SN - 9780197743577 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cingolani, Luciana A1 - Salazar-Morales, Diego T1 - The role of public workforce diversity and the administrative ecosystem in advancing digital public service innovation JF - Public Management Review N2 - Organizational studies have long built a ‘business case’ for diversity, which today includes innovation capacity among the benefits of diverse workforces. Diversity’s impact on innovation has been tested in private firms, yet few systematic studies exist in public management. We address this challenge using a two-step dynamic panel data analysis via generalized methods of moment estimation in 36 European countries. The findings confirm that higher public workforce diversity leads to higher public service innovation. This effect, however, is mediated by the administrative ecosystem, where greater uniformity in managerial practices makes diversity more salient, an obstacle to unleash its innovative potential. KW - Public sector innovation, digital services, diversity management, representative bureaucracies, social categorization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2024.2303609 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Tiedemann, Silvana A1 - Stiewe, Clemens A1 - Kratzke, Corinna A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Jentsch, Mareike A1 - Damm, Nicolai A1 - Gerhardt, Norman A1 - Pape, Carsten T1 - Gebotszonenteilung: Auswirkungen auf den Marktwert der Erneuerbaren Energien im Jahr 2030 N2 - Eine Teilung des deutschen Marktgebietes würde die Marktwerte erneuerbarer Energien beeinflussen. Wind und Photovoltaik (PV) im Süden Deutschlands würden an Wert gewinnen, während Erneuerbare im Norden Erlöse einbüßen würden. Bei einer auch zukünftig stärkeren Konzentration von erneuerbaren Energien im Norden bedeutet dies insgesamt einen höheren Förderbedarf für PV – Wind wäre trotz niedriger Marktwerte in den meisten Regionen wirtschaftlich. Wenn eine regionale Steuerung erreicht werden soll, müsste die auszuzahlende Förderung für neue PV-Anlagen anhand des zonenübergreifenden Referenzmarktwertes berechnet werden. Durchschnittliche Börsenstrompreise würden durch eine Gebotszonenteilung im Süden Deutschlands leicht angehoben und im Norden gesenkt, die Effekte auf Endkundenpreise und damit verbundene Anreize zur Standortwahl von Industrieunternehmen sind allerdings als gering einzuschätzen. KW - ARIADNE Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/gebotszonenteilung-auswirkungen-auf-den-marktwert-der-erneuerbaren-energien-im-jahr-2030/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2024.002 PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goette, Lorenz A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - The limits of social recognition: Experimental evidence from blood donors JF - Journal of Public Economics N2 - Does social recognition motivate prosocial individuals? We run large-scale experiments at Italy’s main blood donors association, evaluating social recognition through social media and peer groups against a simple ask to donate. Across several studies, we find that the simple ask is at least as effective as offering social recognition. In a survey experiment with blood donors we show that socially recognized donations signal not only altruism but also image-seeking. This can lead to social recognition being less effective, or even counterproductive, when offered to those who are already perceived as good citizens. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105069 VL - 231 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Pieth, Mark ED - Søreide, Tina T1 - Political Science JF - Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Corruption Law N2 - Presenting the broad spectrum of interdisciplinary academic research on corruption, this essential reference book examines anti-corruption legislation, governance mechanisms, international instruments, and other preventative measures intended to tackle corruption. Including over 100 entries and adopting a comprehensive approach to researching and combating corruption, this Encyclopedia covers the key ideas, concepts, and theories in corruption law. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781802206487 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802206494.00095 SP - 362 EP - 366 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Darius, Philipp T1 - Politicians don’t dance? AI doesn’t either!: A discussion of generative AI and political campaigning T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2023 UR - https://verfassungsblog.de/politicians-dont-dance-ai-doesnt-either/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.17176/20230630-231152-0 IS - 2023/6/30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Open social innovation: taking stock and moving forward JF - Industry and Innovation N2 - Open forms of organising innovation bear great potential to address societal challenges, such as the climate crisis. Existing approaches to open social innovation (OSI) draw on a corporate and organisation- centric open innovation model as a blueprint for addressing social and ecological problems. However, such problems are ‘wicked’ and ‘com-plex’ in nature and thus require concerted efforts from a diverse set of stakeholders, including businesses, government agencies, non-profits and communities. Based on a review of the open-, user- and social- innovation literature, this essay traces the evolution from an organisa-tion-centric view (OSI 1.0) to a multi-stakeholder, cross- sectoral perspective (OSI 2.0). More specifically, we understand OSI as a concerted effort undertaken by multiple stakeholders from various sectors throughout the social innovation process, from diagnosing societal challenges, to developing ideas for how to solve problems, creating solutions, effectively scaling solutions and generating impact. We sharpen the terminology for OSI 2.0 and specify design dimensions for the effective orchestration of collaboration and coordination, and outline key areas for future research. Our objective is to foster dialogue between open- and user-innovation and social-innovation research. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2023.2271863 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 130 EP - 157 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flonk, Daniëlle A1 - Jachtenfuchs, Markus A1 - Obendiek, Anke T1 - Controlling internet content in the EU: towards digital sovereignty JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - We analyse the rhetoric and reality of EU digital sovereignty by looking at content control. The control of online content is central to sovereignty because it relates to fundamental freedoms and democratic competition. Our main data source is the unique International Organizations in Global Internet Governance (IO-GIG) dataset which contains internet policy output documents across international institutions and issue areas between 1995 and 2021. By assessing policy output, we show structural trends in content control output in volume, bindingness, and orientation. By analysing policy discourse, we show the evolution of frames on content control over time. We find evidence for a comprehensive but still ongoing trend towards digital sovereignty in policy output and a shift from prioritising free access to the public order in discourse. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2024.2309179 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - Zglinski, Jan T1 - Revisiting the asymmetry thesis: negative and positive integration in the EU JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - The ‘asymmetry thesis’, articulated by Fritz Scharpf, holds that EU governance is characterised by an asymmetry between positive and negative integration. The EU has well-developed capacities for negative integration but only limited capacities for positive integration. The present paper challenges the orthodoxy that this thesis has become in EU law and political science scholarship. It argues that the asymmetry thesis no longer accurately depicts European integration, revisiting its key legal and institutional assumptions. Taking the internal market as the most likely case to test the thesis, we show that negative integration has become weaker, positive integration has gained in strength, and both developments have had an impact on the substance of EU law and policymaking, which is promoting non-economic concerns and market-correcting policies to a greater extent than it used to. These shifts, so we contend, could be even more pronounced in other areas of European integration. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2296940 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Raffer, Christian T1 - Shifts in local governments’ corporatization intensity: Evidence from German cities JF - Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory N2 - Why do local governments create and reform public service companies, given their uncertain economic benefits and potential damage to accountability and service transparency? Taking an extended transaction cost perspective, we argue that corporatization—the provision of public services by publicly owned companies—is a function of fiscal hardship, the decision maker’s economic orientation and the level of operator transparency. Using a two-way fixed effects regression, we test this expectation on 680 investment reports of 34 German cities from 1998 to 2017, representing 11,062 year-corporatized entity combinations. We show that the drivers of corporatization are sensitive to the depth of local ownership analyzed. In doing so, we highlight the theoretical need and potential for conceptual differentiation between ownership levels along a corporation’s lineage. Exploiting the data’s panel structure, we also find that the intensity of corporatization has heightened since the late 1990s, largely due to increasingly complex corporate structures of indirect ownership. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muae001 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rock, Brianna T1 - Merger intervention rates in the EU N2 - An ideological shift in the European competition policy in early 2000s inspired by the US Chicago School of economics led to new rules adopted in 2004. The implementation of the new rules was accompanied by lower intervention rates on average. This period has become problematic as it has coincided with large digital mergers that paved the way for the dominance of Big Tech companies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.hertie-school.org/en/digital-governance/research/student-working-paper-series/merger-intervention-rates-in-the-eu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elston, Thomas A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Bel, Germà T1 - Going separate ways: ex-post interdependence and the dissolution of collaborative relations JF - International Public Management Journal N2 - Interdependence is typically regarded as the cause of inter-organizational collaboration. But it is also a consequence. Collaboration itself creates new interdependence as partners become more entwined in one another’s operations and experience the vetoes, compromises, delays, and risks inherent in joint working. This paradox – mitigating one set of interdependencies by creating another – renders collaborative relations inherently unstable. Dissolution may occur if “ex-post” interdependence becomes more troublesome than the original “ex-ante” trigger for the partnership. We test this proposition through comparative analysis of 13 sustained, aborted, and dissolved inter-municipal cooperations in English local government. Ex-post interdependence was most pronounced in those partnerships that ended in dissolution, and informed the design of replacement arrangements. It was also a contributory factor in the abortive cases. But ex-post interdependence was minimized in the group of sustained collaborations by management actions that streamlined the coordination burden imposed by joint working. These findings have implications for partnership design, the collaborator’s skillset, and theories of collaborative public management. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2023.2271468 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Özcelik, Melisa T1 - Political innovation: Prevention is better than cure JF - Alliance Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.alliancemagazine.org/feature/political-innovation-prevention-is-better-than-cure/ VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 54 EP - 56 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leng, Yan A1 - Dimmery, Drew T1 - Calibration of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments JF - Information Systems Research N2 - Machine learning is commonly used to estimate the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) in randomized experiments. Using large-scale randomized experiments on the Facebook and Criteo platforms, we observe substantial discrepancies between machine learning-based treatment effect estimates and difference-in-means estimates directly from the randomized experiment. This paper provides a two-step framework for practitioners and researchers to diagnose and rectify this discrepancy. We first introduce a diagnostic tool to assess whether bias exists in the model-based estimates from machine learning. If bias exists, we then offer a model-agnostic method to calibrate any HTE estimates to known, unbiased, subgroup difference-in-means estimates, ensuring that the sign and magnitude of the subgroup estimates approximate the model-free benchmarks. This calibration method requires no additional data and can be scaled for large data sets. To highlight potential sources of bias, we theoretically show that this bias can result from regularization and further use synthetic simulation to show biases result from misspecification and high-dimensional features. We demonstrate the efficacy of our calibration method using extensive synthetic simulations and two real-world randomized experiments. We further demonstrate the practical value of this calibration in three typical policy-making settings: a prescriptive, budget-constrained optimization framework; a setting seeking to maximize multiple performance indicators; and a multitreatment uplift modeling setting. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.0343 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kohlenberger, Judith T1 - Opening up “Fortress Europe” to Global Talents: EU Labour Migration Options N2 - This policy brief delves into the potential of regular migration across diverse skill levels to alleviate labour shortages in the EU. It contends that the EU faces a policy dilemma by attempting to curtail certain migration forms, as seen in the recent Common European Asylum System (CEAS) reform, while concurrently encouraging others through initiatives like the EU Talent Pool. The inconsistent approach to third-country migration poses significant trade-offs, necessitating a comprehensive resolution. The brief advocates for a multi-faceted strategy encompassing (a) diversification, (b) integration, and (c) de-bureaucratization at both EU and member state levels. Addressing potential pitfalls such as brain drains and heightened competition among member states, the brief concludes by highlighting three essential criteria for enhancing talent attraction and mitigating EU labour shortages through both high- and low-skilled migration. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/opening-up-fortress-europe-to-global-talents-eu-labour-migration-options ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Quaritsch, Luise T1 - On the road to the 2024 European elections: Institutional timeline and missed opportunities N2 - The 2024 European elections could mark a turning point in EU politics: The European Parliament has traditionally been a progressive force in EU policymaking, often pushing for more far-reaching, European solutions than the Council. This dynamic could fundamentally change after the 2024 elections, with the current power balance expected to shift in favour of more right-wing forces. But even without a turn towards a Eurosceptic majority, the outcome will determine the direction of policies decided by the Parliament and shape EU politics over the next five years. This policy brief offers an overview of the need-to-know for this election year. First, it details the institutional timeline until the end of the current legislative cycle. Second, it provides an overview of how European political parties are approaching the election campaign. Third, it discusses election day, possible new majorities in Parliament and inevitable institutional haggling over key positions. Finally, it describes the missed reform opportunities since the 2019 elections and how this may undermine the integrity of the June poll. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/on-the-road-to-the-2024-european-elections-institutional-timeline-and-missed-opportunities ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Leadership for intergovernmental collaboration towards digital transformation T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 124 EP - 143 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Verhoest, Koen A1 - Klijn, Erik Hans A1 - Rykkja, Lise H. A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Collaboration for digital transformation: so much more than just technology T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 241 EP - 267 PB - Edward Elgar ER -