TY - RPRT A1 - Becker, Sebastian A1 - Gehlen, Annica A1 - Geyer, Johannes A1 - Haan, Peter T1 - Income Effects of Disability Benefits T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We provide novel evidence about the incentive and welfare effects of an increase in the generosity of disability benefits. Importantly, a unique policy variation in Germany allows us to isolate the income effect of a change in benefit generosity. We leverage this quasi-experimental policy variation using an RD design to estimate the effect of increasing disability benefits on employment, earnings, labor market transitions, and mortality outcomes using administrative data on the universe of new disability benefit recipients. Contrary to previous literature, our analysis reveals no significant impact on the employment and earnings of DI recipients due to the increased benefits. However, we find a sizable effect of the probability of returning to the labor market. We find no effects on recipient mortality six years after benefit award, but estimates imply a notable reduction in poverty risk, highlighting meaningful welfare implications of increased generosity. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 50 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-56065 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5606 ET - No. 50 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Naujoks, Tabea ED - Böhnke, Petra ED - Konietzka, Dirk T1 - Arbeitsteilung in Partnerschaften und soziale Ungleichheit T2 - Handbuch Sozialstrukturanalyse N2 - Im Zentrum des folgenden Beitrags steht die Darstellung des Zusammenhangs von Arbeitsteilung in Partnerschaften und sozialer Ungleichheit. Dabei behandeln wir nicht nur die Aufteilung von Haus- und Sorgearbeit in bestehenden Partnerschaften, sondern gehen auch auf die Bedeutung der geschlechtlichen Arbeitsteilung für soziale Ungleichheit nach Trennung und Scheidung ein. Wir diskutieren darüber hinaus die Rolle sozialpolitischer Rahmenbedingungen die Anreize für eine geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilung in Paarhaushalten setzen, und die individuellen Kosten dieser in der Nachtrennungszeit bestimmen. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-658-39759-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39759-3_49-1 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Demokratie neu denken: Szenarien unserer Welt von morgen N2 - Wir brauchen in Deutschland eine Politik, die visionär nach vorne denkt. Denn die Vorstellungskraft rüstet uns für die Zukunft und macht Demokratie gestaltbar. In diesem Sinne beschreibt Andrea Römmele die Megatrends, die unser Leben erfasst haben: Digitalisierung und KI, Urbanisierung, demografischer Wandel und Migration, Klimawandel und Globalisierung. Zu jedem Megatrend entwirft sie fiktive Szenarien, die zeigen, wie Demokratie unter großem Druck lebendig bleiben kann – oder wie sie scheitert. Wir müssen umdenken: von der Maximierung des Privaten zum Denken für die Gemeinschaft, von Zukunftsangst zu Zukunftsmut! Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.campus.de/buecher-campus-verlag/wissenschaft/politikwissenschaft/demokratie_neu_denken-18147.html SN - 9783593517902 PB - Campus Verlag GmbH CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Markovic, Darinka T1 - Gender Equality and the Cultural Economy: Comparative Perspectives N2 - The status of women in the creative and cultural industries remains precarious. This comparative analysis provides insights from seven key economies to help understand progress towards gender equality in culture and the arts and the broader cultural economy. With empirical and policy analysis spanning Europe and the US, the authors investigate the extent to which gender equality has entered the mainstream along dimensions of leadership, access and awards, pay and pension gaps, work-life balance, and the monitoring of gender equality. While many of the structural barriers have been erased, countries differ significantly in how much gender equality has been achieved in the creative economy and how much female talent is lost and unrecognized. This book is essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners across the human and social sciences, especially those involved with arts management and the creative or cultural economy more broadly. Y1 - 2025 UR - https://www.routledge.com/Gender-Equality-and-the-Cultural-Economy-Comparative-Perspectives/Anheier-Markovic/p/book/9781032848112 SN - 9781032848112 PB - Routledge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Meisner, Vincent A1 - Pillath, Pascal T1 - Monetizing digital content with network effects: A mechanism-design approach T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We design the profit-maximizing mechanism to sell an excludable and non-rival good with network effects. Buyers have heterogeneous private values that depend on how many others also consume the good. In optimum, an endogenous number of the highest types shares consumption, and we provide an algorithm that implements this allocation in dominant strategies. We apply our insights to digital content creation, and we are able to rationalize features seen in monetization schemes in this industry such as voluntary contributions, community subsidies, and exclusivity bids. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 49 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-56055 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5605 ET - No. 49 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gonzalez-Fernandez, Pedro A1 - Bosch-Rosa, Ciril A1 - Meissner, Thomas T1 - Direct Elicitation of Parametric Belief Distributions: An application to inflation expectations T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We introduce a novel method to elicit belief distributions and apply it to elicit inflation expectations in a representative US sample through a pre-registered survey experiment. Our approach elicits beta belief distributions directly in a two-step process. First, participants specify their minimum and maximum expected inflation. They then use a graphical interface with two sliders to adjust the mean and variance of their inflation belief distribution. We benchmark our method against the “Bins” method, popularized by the New York Fed’s Survey of Consumer Expectations (SCE). Our findings reveal significant variations in elicited belief distributions depending on the method used. Specifically, our approach yields higher mean inflation estimates and substantially reduces the standard deviations of the distributions. Respondents report that our method is easier to use, more engaging, and better allows them to express their beliefs. Furthermore, the resulting distributions more accurately reflect participants’ beliefs across several dimensions and show stronger correlations with their point predictions. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 48 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-56042 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5604 ET - No. 48 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bessimo, Thiago P. B. A1 - Neto, Octavio Amorim T1 - The Brazilian Extreme-Right and China JF - Journal of Politics in Latin America N2 - This study examines Brazil's foreign policy towards China, focusing on the extreme-right presidency of Jair Bolsonaro (2019–2022). Based on original and systematic quantitative data, we investigate the drivers behind policy variation and their implications for Brazil–China relations. Using measures of voting and speech convergence at the United Nations, legal agreements with China, and trade and investment, our data covers the period from 1995 to 2022. We then explore the concept of asymmetry and consider the asymmetric relationship between Brazil and China using CINC scores. Our empirical analysis indicates that Brazil's foreign policy stance towards China did change under Bolsonaro. However, this shift did not disrupt the broader relationship due to the pre-existing partnership and widening asymmetry between the two countries. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Brazil–China relations and of Beijing's relations with other middle powers. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X241263362 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ramos, Vincent Jerald R. T1 - Essays on the Causes and Demographic Consequences of Employment Uncertainty N2 - . T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 10/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55990 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5599 N1 - Parts of the dissertation have been published. Chapter 2: Ramos, V. J. (2024). Extreme Lockdowns and the Gendered Informalization of Employment: Evidence from the Philippines. Work, Employment and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241247121 Chapter 4: This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use (https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-science/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms), but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09656-5 Kreyenfeld, M., Konietzka, D., Lambert, P., & Ramos, V. J. (2023). Second Birth Fertility in Germany: Social Class, Gender, and the Role of Economic Uncertainty. European Journal of Population, 39(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09656-5 N1 - shelfmark: 2024D010 + 2024D010+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Adebahr, Cornelius A1 - Saz-Carranza, Ángel A1 - Sus, Monika T1 - How to make the EU’s defence commissioner work Y1 - 2024 UR - https://euobserver.com/eu-and-the-world/ar1d10cde1 IS - August 1, 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. A1 - Steinert‐Threlkeld, Zachary C. T1 - Civilian behavior on social media during civil war JF - American Journal of Political Science N2 - Recent research emphasizes social media's potential for citizens to express shared grievances. In active conflict, however, social media posts indicating political loyalties can pose severe risks to civilians. We develop a theory that explains how civilians modify their online behavior as part of efforts to improve their security during conflict. After major changes in territorial control, civilians should be more likely to post positive content, and more content that supports the winning side. We study social media behavior during and after the siege of Aleppo in November 2016. We match Aleppo‐based Twitter users with users from other parts of Syria and use large language models to analyze changes in online behavior after the regime's retaking of the city. Results show that users in Aleppo post more positive and pro‐Assad content, but only when self‐disclosing their location. The findings have important implications for our understanding of digital communication in civil conflict. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12899 SN - 0092-5853 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sorg, Alexander A1 - Wucherpfennig, Julian T1 - Do Foreign Military Deployments Provide Assurance? Unpacking the Micro-Mechanisms of Burden Sharing in Alliances JF - International Studies Quarterly N2 - How do US foreign military deployments impact the defense policies of host states? Dominant scholarship holds that these deployments play a pivotal role in assuring allies that their security is guaranteed, which in turn leads host countries to neglect their national defense contributions. In this research note, we examine the micro-foundations of this conventional wisdom, investigating how nuclear and conventional troop deployments impact attitudes toward defense policies in (potential) host states. We highlight that the presumed linkage between assurance and free-riding critically implies that foreign military deployments must positively affect perceptions of security among host nations. We test this core logic, alongside some alternative pathways, at the micro level through two survey experiments that randomize hypothetical withdrawals (Germany) and deployments (Czech Republic). Although we find some evidence that foreign military deployments can decrease citizens’ subjective need for defense, the survey experiments also reveal that citizens hardly feel protected by these deployments. Thus, our results cast doubt on the core logic underlying the theory of free-riding in alliances. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae107 SN - 0020-8833 VL - 68 IS - 3 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Heimbach, Henriette T1 - A Watchdog on the Leash - 5 Years of Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly N2 - In March 2024, the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly (FGPA) celebrated its fifth anniversary. This binational forum can be viewed as a genuine step towards integration in Franco-German relations besides the Aachen Treaty. The FGPA is designed to be a watchdog over the Franco-German treaties and to bring together political actors of both countries to discuss and resolve conflictual issues and contribute to European initiatives. After five years of its being, the results are mixed. Franco-German governmental relations are more conflictual than ever. While the FGPA proved added value during the Covid-19 pandemic by convincing the French and German interior ministers to lift border controls, it has been notably reticent on the Ukraine war and other foreign policy conflicts. The FGPA would benefit by being bolder and extricating itself step-by-step from national political constraints. In this way, parliamentary dialogue can help the two key partners to find common ground on a range of European issues. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/a-watchdog-on-the-leash ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brehm, Johannes A1 - Gruhl, Henri T1 - Increase in concerns about climate change following climate strikes and civil disobedience in Germany JF - Nature Communications N2 - Climate movements have gained momentum in recent years, aiming to create public awareness of the consequences of climate change through salient climate protests. This paper investigates whether concerns about climate change increase following demonstrative protests and confrontational acts of civil disobedience. Leveraging individual-level survey panel data from Germany, we exploit exogenous variations in the timing of climate protests relative to survey interview dates to compare climate change concerns in the days before and after a protest (N = 24,535). Following climate protests, we find increases in concerns about climate change by, on average, 1.2 percentage points. Further, we find no statistically significant evidence that concerns of any subpopulation decreased after climate protests. Lastly, the increase in concerns following protests is highest when concern levels before the protests are low. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46477-4 VL - 15 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bogusz, Honorata A1 - Matysiak, Anna A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Structural labour market change, cognitive work, and entry to parenthood in Germany JF - Population Studies N2 - Technological change and globalization have caused unprecedented transformations of labour markets, resulting in a growing division between workers who perform cognitive vs non-cognitive tasks. To date, only few studies have addressed the fertility effects of these long-term structural changes. This study fills that gap. We measure the cognitive task content of occupations using data from the Employment Survey of the German Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, which we link to individual histories from the German Socio-Economic Panel 1984–2018. We find that women and men with non-cognitive jobs are increasingly less likely to enter parenthood; this is reflected in lower first-birth intensities but also in higher probabilities of childlessness compared with workers in highly cognitive jobs. These findings imply that structural shifts in the labour market are exacerbating disparities between low-skilled and highly skilled individuals, not only within the labour market but also in the realm of family formation. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2024.2372018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brehm, Johannes A1 - Gruhl, Henri T1 - Leveraging machine learning to understand opposition to environmental tax increases across countries and over time JF - Environmental Research Letters N2 - Taxes targeting fuel, road usage, or carbon emissions for environmental protection often face public opposition. Can widely accessible machine learning methods aid in predicting and understanding opposition to environmental taxes? This study uses the random forest algorithm to predict opposition to increased environmental taxes based on 41 theoretically relevant respondent characteristics. Drawing on nationally representative surveys, we predict individual tax opposition across 28 countries in 2010 and 2020 (N = 70 710). Personal values and environmental evaluations tend to be more influential than demographics in predicting tax opposition, with key variables differing between countries and over time. A lack of commitment to pro-environmental behavior is the most important predictor in emerging economies. Conversely, concerns about environmental issues and prioritization of jobs and prices are influential in high-income countries, gaining prominence over the previous decade. Policymakers can leverage these insights to tailor communication of environmental tax increases in different contexts, emphasizing, for instance, job creation. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad5d0a VL - 19 IS - 8 PB - IOP Publishing ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Quaritsch, Luise T1 - Kein EU-Geld für Thüringen? - Die Anwendbarkeit von EU-Rechtsstaatlichkeitsmechanismen auf Regionen N2 - Am 1. September ist Landtagswahl in Thüringen. Dort könnte die rechtsextreme AfD mit deutlichem Vorsprung stärkste Kraft werden. Deshalb wird jetzt diskutiert, wie man Demokratie und Rechtsstaatlichkeit auf Landesebene vor autoritären Kräften schützen kann. Auch die EU könnte hier eine Rolle spielen. Bisher hat die Kommission hauptsächlich auf Angriffe auf demokratische Institutionen auf nationaler Ebene reagiert. Aber auch regionale Regierungen müssen sich an die Grundwerte der EU halten. In einem föderalen System wie Deutschland spielen die Bundesländer außerdem eine wichtige Rolle bei der Umsetzung von Europarecht und verwalten EU-Fördergelder in Milliardenhöhe. Die Analyse zeigt am Beispiel von Thüringen, dass die meisten Rechtsstaatlichkeitsinstrumente der EU auch auf regionaler Ebene angewandt werden könnten. Dabei wäre das Zurückhalten von EU-Fördergeldern das effektivste Mittel. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/de/publikationen/detail/publication/kein-eu-geld-fuer-thueringen ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dögnitz, Lorenz A1 - Konc, Théo A1 - Mattauch, Linus T1 - The Political Economics of Green Transitions: Optimal Intertemporal Policy Response T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Besley and Persson (2023) pioneer a political economy model of a green transition with changing preferences. Here we solve for the optimal policy intervention and find that the optimal tax on the polluting good starts high and is subsequently declining, to support the transition in preferences. We quantify the welfare loss of ignoring preference changes. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 47 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55960 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5596 ET - No. 47 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Saß, Magnus T1 - Detecting excessive credit growth: An approach based on structural counterfactuals T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - The Basel credit-to-GDP gap is the single most popular measure of excessive credit growth and the financial cycle in general. It is based, however, on a purely statistical understanding of excessiveness: Growth is excessive if the credit-to-GDP ratio (i.e. the ratio of credit to nominal GDP) is significantly above its long-term trend. This paper presents an alternative approach where variation in the credit-to-GDP ratio is decomposed into its structural economic drivers. Some of these economic drivers are assumed to be non-excessive (aggregate demand and supply shocks), and others to be potentially excessive (all other shocks). Based on this identification, I construct a more structural credit gap measure that quantifies the impact of excessive drivers. In an early-warning exercise, I show that this gap measure performs particulary well in predicting financial crises at relatively short horizons. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 46 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55910 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5591 ET - No. 46 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bunde, Tobias T1 - Lessons (to be) learned? Germany’s Zeitenwende and European security after the Russian invasion of Ukraine N2 - In Germany, the Russian war on Ukraine is widely perceived as a “Zeitenwende,” a watershed moment undermining key foreign policy beliefs. Despite mounting evidence contradicting them, German elites previously failed to adapt core beliefs regarding Russia and the use of force because these beliefs were not deeply embedded in largely contested identity constructions but also shaped the definition of economic interests, which in turn made ideational adaptation more costly. Moreover, Germany’s extraordinarily beneficial geopolitical situation in the post-Cold War era meant that the country could afford not to learn. Although the “Zeitenwende” will trigger significant change, it is unclear which lessons exactly Germans will now be learning and how far that adaptation will go. Given Germany’s key position in Europe and its previous role in shaping the European and transatlantic policy toward Russia, the results of these learning processes will significantly shape the emerging security European order. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55785 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5578 N1 - This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Contemporary Security Policy on 26 June 2022, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2022.2092820 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - Institutional Choice in the Internal Market JF - The Modern Law Review Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12892 SN - 0026-7961 VL - 87 IS - 4 SP - 1031 EP - 1053 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helfen, Markus A1 - Sydow, Jörg A1 - Wirth, Carsten T1 - Inter-organisational human resource management and network orientation of worker representatives: a practice-based perspective JF - Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research N2 - We develop a practice-based framework of inter-organisational human resource management that puts multi-employer work arrangements in inter-firm networks at its centre. By reinterpreting existing knowledge on multi-employer work arrangements and how they are managed, we delineate four processes in the assemblage of inter-organisational HR management. To illustrate the usefulness of our framework, we explore the question of whether and how an inter-organisational HR management develops in four exemplary cases of multi-employer work arrangements. These cases reveal that the quality and degree of inter-organisational HR management varies considerably, also depending on whether worker representatives show network awareness and orient their activities towards inter-organisational relations. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589241249639 SN - 1024-2589 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 181 EP - 206 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramos, Vincent Jerald T1 - Extreme Lockdowns and the Gendered Informalization of Employment: Evidence from the Philippines JF - Work, Employment and Society N2 - The adverse effects of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes are amplified by and partly attributable to the imposition of extreme mobility restrictions. While gendered disparities in job losses and reduction in working hours are demonstrated in the literature, is an informalization of employment observed, and is this phenomenon likewise gendered? This article analyses the Philippines, a country that imposed one of the world’s longest and strictest lockdowns, and specifically how its imposition affected informal employment. A conceptual and empirical distinction between compositional and survivalist informalization is proffered – the former referring to informality induced by changes in the size and composition of overall employment, and the latter referring to informality induced by the need to work owing to absent sufficient welfare support and precautionary household savings. Examining the regional variation in lockdowns as a quasi-experiment, results demonstrate that extreme lockdowns increased the probability of informal employment among employed women but not among employed men. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241247121 SN - 0950-0170 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michel, Cynthia L. T1 - Unraveling how intermediary‐beneficiary interaction shapes policy implementation JF - Regulation & Governance N2 - As a result of policy growth, implementing agencies often face new mandates without the necessary capacity expansion to comply with, thus resorting to intermediaries. However, intermediaries are not innocuous to the implementation process, especially when they are expected to play the double role of target and intermediary, responsible for translating/interpreting regulation for beneficiaries. How does the interaction between beneficiaries and intermediaries‐target shape policy implementation? I argue that such interaction is not only determined by the role the intermediary adopts, and their relation with the beneficiary, but also by the motivations beneficiaries have for engaging in the regulatory process, and their capacity to do so. I develop a theoretical framework for understanding their interaction and apply it to a new regulatory policy in Mexico to provide social security for paid domestic workers. I explore the mechanisms by which the interaction between intermediaries and beneficiaries affects the outcome of the regulatory process. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12592 SN - 1748-5983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dermine, Paul A1 - Bobić, Ana T1 - Of Winners and Losers: A Commentary of the Bundesverfassungsgericht ORD Judgment of 6 December 2022 BT - Cases 2 BvR 547/21 and 2 BvR 798/21, Own Resources Decision Judgment of 6 December 2022 JF - European Constitutional Law Review Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019624000117 SN - 1574-0196 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 163 EP - 190 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmauk, Sarah T1 - Pathways to retirement in West Germany: Does divorce matter? JF - Advances in Life Course Research N2 - The aim of this paper is to explore how divorce is linked to pathways to retirement in West Germany and to understand whether and how patterns are gendered. Using German pension insurance data, I employ sequence and cluster analysis to map and group pathways to retirement of women and men who retired in 2018. Pathways to retirement are defined based on monthly pension insurance histories from age 50 to 65. I find nine distinct pathways to retirement, ranging from unemployment to stable low to high income pathways and to an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension, the latter representing 9.3% of the sample. Based on multinomial logistic regression models, I analyse how marital status, distinguishing between divorced and (re)married, was related to different pathways to retirement. The results show that divorced people were more likely than married people to retire through indirect and unstable pathways to retirement characterised by early exit from the labour market and receipt of reduced-earnings-capacity pensions and/or unemployment benefits. Whereas the relationship between divorce and pathways to retirement seemed to be overall unfavourable for men, the results for women are more ambiguous. Divorced women were also more likely to retire through a stable high-income pathway than married women. Nevertheless, the results suggest that divorce is associated with an early retirement pathway through the reduced-earnings-capacity pension for both women and men. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100595 SN - 1569-4909 VL - 60 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian T1 - The unexpected results of the peace referendum changed conflict termination preferences in Colombia JF - Research & Politics N2 - In October 2016, the Colombian electorate narrowly rejected in a plebiscite the final agreement to end the conflict with the longest-running armed insurgency in the Western Hemisphere, the FARC. The plebiscite’s result provides a unique opportunity to assess dynamics in civil conflict termination preferences. I exploit the unexpected victory of the No vote, observed during the AmericasBarometer fieldwork, to estimate the effect of the uncertainty about the trajectory of the conflict generated by the outcome of the plebiscite. The unexpected defeat of the peace plebiscite did not measurably change the expressed support for the recently rejected agreement. However, it increased the public support for a negotiated rather than military settlement to the conflict, as well as respondents’ willingness to give concessions to FARC members. These findings inform the broader literature on civilian preferences toward civil conflict termination and compromise. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/20531680241233793 SN - 2053-1680 VL - 11 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yuqing T1 - Lessons and challenges of China's state‐led and party‐dominated governance model JF - Global Policy N2 - The case of China gets at one of the core questions that the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) poses—can we necessarily assume that democratic accountability makes for better governance performance? China has steadily improved in public goods and state capacity according to the BGI data from 2000 and 2019, especially in terms of economic public goods and fiscal capacity due to its rapid GDP growth under an investment‐led growth model. However, China's democratic accountability has worsened, presenting an uncommon case of improved governance performance. Now China's economy stands at a crossroads amid the precedent‐breaking leadership of Xi Jinping. Will China disprove the ‘autocratic fallacy,’ whereby a dominant state setting priorities and making decisions for a society is sufficient? To what extent can China improve public goods provision and expand state capacity while limiting voice processes? This article examines key policies and strategies of China's governance performance over the past two decades. It also identifies future challenges underlying China's party‐dominated and whole‐of‐nation approach to governance and its investment‐led and export‐oriented development model. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13274 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - Suppl. 4 SP - 58 EP - 66 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yuqing T1 - India: Developmental challenges faced by a dual economy JF - Global Policy N2 - With a population of over 1.4 billion surpassing China's in 2023, India has now become the world's most populous country. Despite its robust IT and service sectors propelling it to become the fifth‐largest economy, India still grapples with low GDP per capita and significant poverty. The paradoxical nature of India's development necessitates a closer examination of its governance. Over 90% of the Indian population works outside the purview of formal democratic institutions and capital‐intensive economic sectors. Challenges arise from the need to sustain a large poor population with limited resources while catering to the formal sector that generates more than half of its GDP. India's governance exhibits a deep mismatch between its institutional design, politics and developmental needs. This article explores the duality of informal and formal sectors underlying challenges in Indian governance by way of the Berggruen Governance Index. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13272 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - Suppl. 4 SP - 104 EP - 112 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - İnal-Çekiç, Tuba A1 - Kozaman-Aygün, Senem A1 - Bilen, Ömer T1 - Reflections on “place attachment”: perceptions of urban redevelopment in an informal neighborhood in Istanbul JF - Journal of Housing and the Built Environment N2 - In the last two decades, urban redevelopment practices in informal settlements in Turkey often neglected inhabitants' spatial practices. The contradictions between conceived and lived space constitutes reactions to these spatial interventions. Against this background, this paper examines the association between place attachment and residents' attitudes toward the redevelopment project in an informally developed neighborhood. Using path and decision tree analysis of survey data, the paper explores the relationship between their attitudes towards and their attachment to the neighborhood. Our findings reveal that individuals' social and physical bonds with their neighborhood shape their attitude toward urban redevelopment. As such, this study confirms the idea that daily interactions between residents reinforce their place attachment in informal settlements where place identity compensates for the (low) quality of life. Still, our findings also demonstrate that residents' identification with the place is a more influential factor, compared to the risk of leaving the neighborhood, on the level of concern against spatial interventions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-023-10037-x SN - 1566-4910 VL - 39 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghalehdar, Payam T1 - The purpose of military force and the Obama doctrine: no fighting for face JF - International Relations N2 - The scholarly debate about the Obama doctrine has focused on the extent of military force in Obama’s foreign policy. Offering both a novel definition of presidential doctrines and a reinterpretation of the Obama doctrine, this article shifts the focus from the extent to the purpose of force. More specifically, it claims that the Obama doctrine is better described as a general unwillingness to fight for a reputation for resolve. Unlike most of his predecessors, Obama did not consider the US military as a tool for projecting firmness. Instead, his decisions concerning the use of force were dominated by material considerations, be it in limited or expansive military operations. To illustrate Obama’s refusal to fight for face, the article examines three prominent decision points during the Obama presidency – the 2009 surge in Afghanistan, the 2011 intervention in Libya, and Obama’s reaction to the Syrian regime’s use of chemical weapons in 2013. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178231151907 SN - 0047-1178 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - Why European legal scholarship should become aware of Karl Polanyi: The Great Transformation and the integration project JF - European Law Open N2 - As the Second World War was drawing to a close in 1944, two great works of political economy were published. One of them was Friedrich August von Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom, inspiring the defenders of free market movements ever since and up to the present. The other was Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation. This essay will focus on Polanyi but also pay tribute to Hayek. Contrasting the two helps to understand both of them better. Of the two, Hayek, the Nobel prize winner, is of course more widely known and by far more influential. But Polanyi’s work, too, has achieved and has been attracting as of recently such attention that one of the Directors of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies in Cologne proclaimed that ‘we are all Polanyian now’, not only in economic sociology, but also in related disciplines, including, of course, political economy and political theory. A plethora of aspects of The Great Transformation are very widely discussed. This essay will be concerned with the not-so-well explored importance of Polanyi’s work for European Law and legal scholarship in general, including his theorems on the ‘embedded economy’, his conceptualisation of labour as a ‘fictitious commodity’ as well as the notion of counter-movements. It will then juxtapose Polanyi’s expectation of a new international order with the development of the European integration project and sketch out the contours of the democracy-enhancing conflicts law and its affinities with Polanyian core normative principles. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/elo.2022.55 SN - 2752-6135 VL - 1 IS - 4 SP - 1067 EP - 1079 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Wood, Tamara A1 - Elbasyouny, Ahmed T1 - Analysing group refugee recognition in African states’ law and practice T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 11 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55771 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5577 ET - No. 11 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Celik, Gorkem A1 - Strausz, Roland T1 - Selling Certification of Private and Market Information T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We consider a monopolistic certifier selling certification services to a partially privately informed seller. The certifier can enable the seller to disclose her private information publicly, as well as gather additional market information about the good's quality publicly. We show that the certifier's optimal contract exhibits maximal disclosure but non-maximal information-gathering. Thus, optimal contracts eliminate private information but not market uncertainty; even though the latter would be costless, it is suboptimal as it requires excessive information rents to the seller. Thus, market inefficiencies remain due to market uncertainty but not due to private information. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 45 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55762 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5576 ET - No. 45 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Aydin, Eren A1 - Gehrsitz, Markus A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Greener Fleet, Cleaner Air: How Low Emission Zones Reduce Pollution N2 - Using a stacked differences-in-differences approach, we study the effects of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) in Germany. The implementation of stage 1 and 2 LEZs, which banned the most pollution-intensive vehicles from city centers, significantly reduced PM10 concentrations. The most restrictive third stage had no detectable, additional effect. Analyzing the mechanisms behind these improvements, we find weak evidence of a 2% traffic decline inside LEZs. Exploiting novel data, our main results document small but precisely estimated effects on the local fleet composition: LEZs induced the replacement of 50,000 older, emission-intensive diesel vehicles with newer, less polluting gasoline cars. Our estimates suggest that LEZs had lower social costs than previously estimated. KW - low emission zones KW - vehicle fleet composition KW - emission standards Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/17144/greener-fleet-cleaner-air-how-low-emission-zones-reduce-pollution IS - IZA DP No. 17144 PB - IZA – Institute of Labor Economics CY - Bonn ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. A1 - Szumilo, Nikodem A1 - Tripathy, Jagdish T1 - Housing-consumption channel of mortgage demand T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We quantify the housing-consumption channel in mortgage demand according to which households borrow more following house-price increases since housing and non-housing consumption are imperfect substitutes. To identify this channel, we take a structural approach to mortgage demand and supply, exploiting exogenous variation in house-price growth and a unique dataset with matched transaction- price and mortgage information. We estimate an elasticity of mortgage borrowing to house-prices of 0.82. Counterfactual analysis of the general-equilibrium of housing and mortgage markets shows that, sans housing-consumption channel, mortgage and house-price growth in the UK would have been 50% and 31% lower, respectively, since the 1990s. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 44 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55725 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5572 ET - No. 44 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knox, Dean A1 - Lowe, Will A1 - Mummolo, Jonathan T1 - Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Policing JF - American Political Science Review N2 - Researchers often lack the necessary data to credibly estimate racial discrimination in policing. In particular, police administrative records lack information on civilians police observe but do not investigate. In this article, we show that if police racially discriminate when choosing whom to investigate, analyses using administrative records to estimate racial discrimination in police behavior are statistically biased, and many quantities of interest are unidentified—even among investigated individuals—absent strong and untestable assumptions. Using principal stratification in a causal mediation framework, we derive the exact form of the statistical bias that results from traditional estimation. We develop a bias-correction procedure and nonparametric sharp bounds for race effects, replicate published findings, and show the traditional estimator can severely underestimate levels of racially biased policing or mask discrimination entirely. We conclude by outlining a general and feasible design for future studies that is robust to this inferential snare. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055420000039 SN - 0003-0554 VL - 114 IS - 3 SP - 619 EP - 637 PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Daalen, Kim R A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Markandya, Anil A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Achebak, Hicham A1 - Ballester, Joan A1 - Bechara, Hannah A1 - Callaghan, Max W A1 - Chambers, Jonathan A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Drummond, Paul A1 - Farooq, Zia A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Gonzalez-Reviriego, Nube A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Kazmierczak, Aleksandra A1 - Kendrovski, Vladimir A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Lloyd, Simon J A1 - Lotto Batista, Martin A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Milà, Carles A1 - Minx, Jan C A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Palamarchuk, Julia A1 - Quijal-Zamorano, Marcos A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth J Z A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Schmoll, Oliver A1 - Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo A1 - Sjödin, Henrik A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Solaraju-Murali, Balakrishnan A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Triñanes, Joaquin A1 - Anto, Josep M A1 - Nilsson, Maria A1 - Lowe, Rachel T1 - The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future JF - The Lancet Public Health Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00197-9 SN - 2468-2667 VL - 7 IS - 11 SP - E942 EP - E965 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Graham, Hilary A1 - Hudson, David A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - vanHeerde-Hudson, Jennifer A1 - Watts, Nick T1 - Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies JF - Communications Earth & Environment N2 - Public support for climate policies is important for their efficacy, yet little is known about how different framings of climate change affect public support for climate policies around the world. Here we report findings from a conjoint experiment of 7,500 adults in five countries – China, Germany, India, UK, and USA – to identify climate messages that elicit greater support for policies to tackle climate change. Messages were randomly varied on four attributes: positive (opportunity) or negative (threat) framings, theme (health, environment, economy, migration), scale (individual, community, national, global), and time (current, 2030, 2050). We find that a positive frame, health and environmental frames, and global and immediate frames bolster public support. We examine differences between countries, and across groups within countries – particularly focusing on the effect of these frames among individuals that are unconcerned about climate change. Among this group, positive and health frames increase the likelihood of support for climate policies, indicating the relevance of these frames for shifting policy preferences for different audience groups. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00571-x SN - 2662-4435 VL - 3 IS - 1 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller-Hansen, Finn A1 - Lee, Yuan Ting A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - The German coal debate on Twitter: Reactions to a corporate policy process JF - Energy Policy N2 - Phasing out coal is a prerequisite to achieving the Paris climate mitigation targets. In 2018, the German government established a multi-stakeholder commission with the mandate to negotiate a plan for the national coal phase-out, fueling a continued public debate over the future of coal. This study analyzes the German coal debate on Twitter before, during, and after the session of the so-called Coal Commission, over a period of three years. In particular, we investigate whether and how the work of the commission translated into shared perceptions and sentiments in the public debate on Twitter. We find that the sentiment of the German coal debate on Twitter becomes increasingly negative over time. In addition, the sentiment becomes more polarized over time due to an increase in the use of more negative and positive language. The analysis of retweet networks shows no increase in interactions between communities over time. These findings suggest that the Coal Commission did not further consensus in the coal debate on Twitter. While the debate on social media only represents a section of the national debate, it provides insights for policy-makers to evaluate the interaction of multi-stakeholder commissions and public debates. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113178 SN - 0301-4215 VL - 169 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weeks, Liam A1 - Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava A1 - Herzog, Alex A1 - Ó Fathartaigh, Mícheál A1 - Bechara, Hannah T1 - It’s Only Words? Analysing the Roots of the Irish Party System Using Historical Parliamentary Debates JF - Parliamentary Affairs N2 - While the public image of legislative debates is often less than favourable, parliamentary deliberations can be an important indicator of policy preferences, issue saliency and cohesion within political parties. We consider the case of a parliamentary debate that had a considerable long-term political legacy, forging a party system that endured for almost a century. The debates in the Irish parliament over the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty were a critical juncture that split a dominant party, resulting in, first, a civil war and, later, a new mode of party competition. We analyse the text of the debates from this period to see if they contribute to a greater understanding of the ensuing split. Few differences between the two sides in parliament are found, which might explain why few were the differences between the key actors in the party system that evolved. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsac020 SN - 0031-2290 N1 - Published 29 September 2022 Weeks, L., Jankin Mikhaylov, S., Herzog, A., Ó Fathartaigh, M., & Bechara, H. (2023). It’s Only Words? Analysing the Roots of the Irish Party System Using Historical Parliamentary Debates. Parliamentary Affairs, 76(4), 836–856. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsac020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lima de Miranda, Katharina A1 - Snower, Dennis J. T1 - The societal responses to COVID-19: Evidence from the G7 countries JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences N2 - This paper provides a picture of how societies in the G7 countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our point of departure is to examine the effects of the pandemic in terms of four fundamental normative sources for well-being: Solidarity (S; willingness for social cooperation), Agency (A; empowerment to shape one’s prospects through one’s own efforts), GDP (G), and Environmental Performance (E)—SAGE for short. The normative foundations of SAGE are communitarianism, classical liberalism, materialistic utilitarianism, and ecoethics. We find that although G and E responded predictably and uniformly to the pandemic (such as G declining and carbon emissions improving), the societal responses were strikingly different. Societies that are cohesive and empowered (high S and A) may be expected to cope with the pandemic better than those that are fragmented and disempowered (low S and A). Furthermore, the pandemic has had diverse effects on S and A; while some societies became cohering and empowering (rising S and A), others became fragmenting and disempowering (falling S and A), and yet others became fragmenting and empowering. We also show that most G7 countries experienced greater tribalization (measured as the difference between inward S and outward S) during the pandemic. These trends are a matter of concern since they suggest that the willingness and perceived ability to address collective challenges collectively have waned. The analysis also suggests that governments’ social policies may have an important role to play alongside economic and health policies in coping with the pandemic. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117155119 SN - 0027-8424 VL - 119 IS - 25 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Friberg, Peter A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Kuylenstierna, Johan A1 - Nilsson, Maria T1 - The inclusion of health in major global reports on climate change and biodiversity JF - BMJ Global Health N2 - This article argues that human health has become a key consideration in recent global reports on climate change and biodiversity produced by various international organisations; however, greater attention must be given to the unequal health impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss around the world and the different health adaptation measures that are urgently required. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008731 SN - 2059-7908 VL - 7 IS - 6 PB - BMJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumacher, Julian A1 - Trebesch, Christoph A1 - Enderlein, Henrik T1 - Sovereign defaults in court JF - Journal of International Economics N2 - For centuries, defaulting governments were immune from legal action by foreign creditors. This paper shows that this is no longer the case. Building a dataset covering four decades, we find that creditor lawsuits have become an increasingly common feature of sovereign debt markets. The legal developments have strengthened the hands of creditors and raised the cost of default for debtors. We show that legal disputes in the US and the UK disrupt government access to international capital markets, as foreign courts can impose a financial embargo on sovereigns. The findings are consistent with theoretical models with creditor sanctions and suggest that sovereign debt is becoming more enforceable. We discuss how the threat of litigation affects debt management, government willingness to pay, and the resolution of debt crises. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103388 SN - 0022-1996 VL - 131 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. T1 - The Rise of Digital Repression: How Technology Is Reshaping Power, Politics, and Resistance. By Steven Feldstein. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. 336p. $29.95 cloth. JF - Perspectives on Politics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592722000330 SN - 1537-5927 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 773 EP - 775 PB - Cambridge University Press (CUP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hässler, Tabea A1 - Ullrich, Johannes A1 - Sebben, Simone A1 - Shnabel, Nurit A1 - Bernardino, Michelle A1 - Valdenegro, Daniel A1 - Van Laar, Colette A1 - González, Roberto A1 - Visintin, Emilio Paolo A1 - Tropp, Linda R. A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Abrams, Dominic A1 - Aydin, Anna Lisa A1 - Pereira, Adrienne A1 - Selvanathan, Hema Preya A1 - von Zimmermann, Jorina A1 - Lantos, Nóra Anna A1 - Sainz, Mario A1 - Glenz, Andreas A1 - Kende, Anna A1 - Oberpfalzerová, Hana A1 - Bilewicz, Michal A1 - Branković, Marija A1 - Noor, Masi A1 - Pasek, Michael H. A1 - Wright, Stephen C. A1 - Žeželj, Iris A1 - Kuzawinska, Olga A1 - Maloku, Edona A1 - Otten, Sabine A1 - Gul, Pelin A1 - Bareket, Orly A1 - Corkalo Biruski, Dinka A1 - Mugnol-Ugarte, Luiza A1 - Osin, Evgeny A1 - Baiocco, Roberto A1 - Cook, Jonathan E. A1 - Dawood, Maneeza A1 - Droogendyk, Lisa A1 - Loyo, Angélica Herrera A1 - Jelić, Margareta A1 - Kelmendi, Kaltrina A1 - Pistella, Jessica T1 - Need satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multinational study of pathways toward social change JF - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000365 SN - 1939-1315 VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 634 EP - 658 PB - American Psychological Association (APA) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chelotti, Nicola A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava T1 - Do Intergovernmental Organizations Have a Socialization Effect on Member State Preferences? Evidence from the UN General Debate JF - International Studies Quarterly N2 - The question of whether intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) have a socialization effect on member state preferences is central to international relations. However, empirical studies have struggled to separate the socializing effects of IGOs on preferences from the coercion and incentives associated with IGOs that may lead to foreign policy alignment without altering preferences. This article addresses this issue. We adopt a novel approach to measuring state preferences by applying text analytic methods to country statements in the annual United Nations General Debate (UNGD). The absence of interstate coordination with UNGD statements makes them particularly well suited for testing socialization effects on state preferences. We focus on the European Union (EU), enabling us to incorporate the pre-accession period—when states have the strongest incentives for foreign policy alignment—into our analysis. The results of our analysis show that EU membership has a socialization effect that produces preference convergence, controlling for coercion and incentive effects. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab069 SN - 0020-8833 VL - 66 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press (OUP) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Causal Modelling in Fertility Research: A Review of the Literature and an Application to a Parental Leave Policy Reform JF - Comparative Population Studies N2 - This paper reviews empirical studies that have examined the causal determinants of fertility behaviour. In particular, we compare the approaches adopted in the different disciplines to improve our understanding of how birth dynamics are influenced by changes in female employment and changes in family policies. The wide array of panel data that have become available in recent years provide great potential for advanced causal modelling in this field. Event history modelling has been a dominant approach in sociology and demography. However, researchers are increasingly turning to other methods to unravel causal effects, such as fixed-effects modelling, the regression discontinuity approach, and statistical matching. We summarise selected studies, and discuss the advantages and the shortcomings of the different approaches. In an empirical section, we analyse the impact of the German 2007 policy reform on birth behaviour to illustrate the difficulties involved in isolating policy effects. The final chapter concludes by underscoring that even simple modelling strategies may be beneficial for improving our understanding of how policy effects shape demographic behaviour, and for laying the groundwork for more fine-grained causal investigations. * This article belongs to a special issue on “Identification of causal mechanisms in demographic research: The contribution of panel data”. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.12765/cpos-2021-10 SN - 1869-8999 VL - 46 PB - German Federal Institute for Population Research ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göbel, Sascha A1 - Munzert, Simon T1 - The Comparative Legislators Database JF - British Journal of Political Science N2 - Knowledge about political representatives' behavior is crucial for a deeper understanding of politics and policy-making processes. Yet resources on legislative elites are scattered, often specialized, limited in scope or not always accessible. This article introduces the Comparative Legislators Database (CLD), which joins micro-data collection efforts on open-collaboration platforms and other sources, and integrates with renowned political science datasets. The CLD includes political, sociodemographic, career, online presence, public attention, and visual information for over 45,000 contemporary and historical politicians from ten countries. The authors provide a straightforward and open-source interface to the database through an R package, offering targeted, fast and analysis-ready access in formats familiar to social scientists and standardized across time and space. The data is verified against human-coded datasets, and its use for investigating legislator prominence and turnover is illustrated. The CLD contributes to a central hub for versatile information about legislators and their behavior, supporting individual-level comparative research over long periods. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123420000897 SN - 0007-1234 N1 - Published online 23 February 2021 Göbel, S., & Munzert, S. (2022). The Comparative Legislators Database. British Journal of Political Science, 52(3), 1398–1408. doi:10.1017/S0007123420000897 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg A1 - Flinders, Matthew A1 - Hustedt, Thurid T1 - A comparative analysis of senior civil servants’ involvement in media management JF - Policy & Politics N2 - This article offers results of a comparative case study into how pressures from the media translate into the involvement of senior civil servants (SCSs) in media management and how this is reflected in differentiated ways in politico-administrative relationships. It offers tentative explanations for these differences through the lens of ‘public service bargains’. Based upon a qualitative analysis of documents and 62 interviews with SCSs and advisers in Denmark, Sweden and the UK, the research found that: (i) media management, in some countries, generates an extension and an amplification of the normative expectations towards SCSs’ involvement in media management; (ii) this is accompanied by a revitalisation of the reflections from SCSs to balance their responsiveness to the minister with anonymity and neutrality when involved in media management; (iii) an extensive formal politicisation seems to curb pressures on SCSs’ anonymity and neutrality and their involvement in media management. These findings improve our knowledge of SCSs’ involvement in media management by raising crucial questions about the political neutrality of administrators, tendencies towards politicised governance and (more) interventionist political staffers – amid intensified pressures from the media on governments. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1332/03055736y2024d000000037 SN - 0305-5736 N1 - Published online 20 May 2024 PB - Bristol University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Napp, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Saftig, Lynn A1 - Gilbert, Martha A1 - Reiß, Franziska A1 - Löffler, Constanze A1 - Simon, Anja Miriam A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Walper, Sabine A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hölling, Heike A1 - Wieler, Lothar Heinz A1 - Erhart, Michael T1 - Three years into the pandemic: results of the longitudinal German COPSY study on youth mental health and health-related quality of life JF - Frontiers in Public Health N2 - Purpose For the past three years, the German longitudinal COPSY (COVID-19 and PSYchological Health) study has monitored changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May–June 2020 (W1), December 2020–January 2021 (W2), September–October 2021 (W3), February 2022 (W4), and September–October 2022 (W5). In total, n = 2,471 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years (n = 1,673 aged 11–17 years with self-reports) were assessed using internationally established and validated measures of HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2), psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL), and fear about the future (DFS-K). Findings were compared to prepandemic population-based data. Results While the prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 48% at W2, it improved to 27% at W5. Similarly, overall mental health problems rose from 18% prepandemic to W1 through W2 (30–31%), and since then slowly declined (W3: 27%, W4: 29%, W5: 23%). Anxiety doubled from 15% prepandemic to 30% in W2 and declined to 25% (W5) since then. Depressive symptoms increased from 15%/10% (CES-DC/PHQ-2) prepandemic to 24%/15% in W2, and slowly decreased to 14%/9% in W5. Psychosomatic complaints are across all waves still on the rise. 32–44% of the youth expressed fears related to other current crises. Conclusion Mental health of the youth improved in year 3 of the pandemic, but is still lower than before the pandemic. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129073 SN - 2296-2565 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Claassen, Casper Hendrik A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Bidet, Eric T1 - Social Enterprises Within the Public Sector’s Purview: A Taxonomy-Based Study on South Korea JF - VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations N2 - This study applies a hierarchical clustering approach to identify social enterprise models that have appeared in a setting of public sector-led incubation. Within such a context, a high degree of conformity ought to be apparent due to the coercive isomorphic pressures associated with public sector patronage. We nominate South Korea for our analysis, given that the rising number of social enterprises in the country is closely related to a regulatory intervention. Based on an analysis of 468 social enterprises, we find, contrary to expectations, that distinct clusters of government-certified social enterprises have emerged, namely social utility niche, job outsourcing, market opportunity, and integrated balanced models. We typologize these models according to their strategic orientation, mission focus, and institutional alignment. In doing so, we contribute to social enterprise research by illustrating how organizational pluralism may manifest when the growth of a population of social enterprises is directly linked to public sector intervention and regulation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-023-00622-7 SN - 0957-8765 N1 - Published 05 December 2023. Claassen, C. H., Mair, J., & Bidet, E. (2024). Social Enterprises Within the Public Sector’s Purview: A Taxonomy-Based Study on South Korea. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 35(3), 570–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-023-00622-7 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jessen, Jonas A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian A1 - Weinhardt, Felix A1 - Berkes, Jan T1 - Separate Housework Spheres T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Using novel time-use data from Germany before and after reunification, we document two facts: First, spouses who both work full-time exhibit similar housework patterns whether they do so voluntarily or due to a full-time mandate, as in the GDR. Second, men’s amount of housework is independent of their spouse’s labour supply. We theoretically explain this pattern by the presence of two household goods and socially learned gender-specific comparative advantage in their home production. We label this gender specialisation as separate housework spheres. Empirical evidence strongly confirms separate housework spheres in the GDR, West Germany, subsequent years post-reunification, and in international time-use data across 17 countries since the 1970s. We consider several implications, such as those for child penalties, where separate housework spheres provide a novel explanation for why it is the mothers whose labour market outcomes strongly deteriorate upon the arrival of children. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 43 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55494 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5549 ET - No. 43 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Danilov, Anastasia A1 - Hong, Ju Yeong A1 - Schöttner, Anja T1 - Strategic Use of Unfriendly Leadership and Labor Market Competition: An Experimental Analysis T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - A significant portion of the workforce experiences what we term `unfriendly leadership,' encompassing various forms of hostile behavior exhibited by managers. The motivations driving managers to adopt such behaviors are insufficiently understood. To explore this phenomenon, we conducted a laboratory experiment examining the relationship between managers' use of unfriendly leadership and labor market competition. We discern two labor market states: excess labor demand, where managers compete to hire workers, and excess labor supply, where workers compete to be hired. By perceiving unfriendly leadership as a performance-contingent punishment device inflicting discomfort on workers, we hypothesize that managers are less inclined to resort to unfriendly leadership when they compete to hire workers. We find that managers tend to engage in unfriendly leadership more frequently and intensely under excess labor supply, in comparison to excess labor demand. This trend is particularly pronounced among male participants. Additionally, workers display a decreased likelihood of accepting employment offers from more unfriendly managers and exert lower levels of effort when working under such managers, indicating that unfriendly leadership is costly. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 42 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55471 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5547 ET - No. 42 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmauk, Sarah A1 - Kridahl, Linda T1 - Who receives the most? Gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in West Germany and Sweden JF - Ageing and Society N2 - Sweden and West Germany have had persistently high divorce rates in recent decades, but these two welfare states were differently equipped to mitigate the economic consequences of divorce for individual security in old age: Sweden followed a gender-equal policy approach to enable women and men to achieve economic autonomy, while West Germany, following the male-breadwinner model, introduced the system of ‘divorce-splitting’ to account for differences in women's and men's income. Against this background, this study uses large-scale register data from the German Public Pension Fund and the Swedish population registers to examine how divorce is related to the monthly public old-age pension income of women and men. The main comparison groups are divorced and (re)married individuals who entered retirement between 2013 and 2018. We descriptively show annual income histories from ages 20 to 65, and calculate monthly public old-age pension income with respect to lifetime income and pension regulations, such as the supplements/deductions for ‘divorce-splitting’. Multiple ordinary least square regression models further examine how family status relates to monthly public old-age pension income by gender. The results reveal that women and men in Sweden experience similar working histories, although women's incomes are lower. This is also reflected in women still having lower pension incomes than men. However, divorced and married women show comparable pension incomes, while divorced men receive approximately 26 per cent less pension income than married men. In West Germany, divorced women have significantly higher pension incomes than married women. The system of ‘divorce-splitting’ increases women's and decreases men's pension incomes, which seems to equalise their pension incomes. However, both stay below a married man's pension income. The findings indicate economic inequality in public old-age pension income by family status in Sweden and West Germany. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X23000703 SP - 1 EP - 24 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca ED - De Abreu Duarte, Francisco ED - Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca T1 - Tracing Transparency: Public Governance of Algorithms and the Experience of Contact Tracing Apps T2 - Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781509955985 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509956012.ch-005 SP - 77 EP - 102 PB - Bloomsbury Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wegrich, Kai ED - Goldfinch, Shaun Francis T1 - Public sector innovation: which season of public sector reform? T2 - Handbook of Public Administration Reform Y1 - 2023 SN - 978 1 80037 673 1 SP - 131 EP - 145 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Revillard, Anne A1 - Corno, Lucia A1 - Fernandez, José Luis A1 - Mason, Danielle A1 - Umbach, Gaby A1 - Bodenstein, Thilo A1 - Cartwright, Andrew A1 - Melenciuc, Ioana-Roxana A1 - Wegrich, Kai A1 - Stone, Diane T1 - Developing policy evaluation in an academic setting: assets and challenges T2 - Débat du LIEPP N2 - Based on a seminar organized by LIEPP and CIVICA which took place at Sciences Po in June 2022, this publication brings together ten academic researchers from seven different CIVICA universities (Bocconi, CEU, EUI, Hertie School, LSE, Sciences Po, SNSPA), who are involved in various forms of policy evaluation. These contributions from Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and the United Kingdom, reflect on the assets and challenges of developing policy evaluation in an academic setting. The seminar was organized as part of CIVICA’s research focus on “Democracy in the 21st century”, but through the crosscutting nature of program evaluation, it is also of interest to CIVICA’s three others research streams (on societies in transition, data, and Europe revisited). The aim of this debate is thus to better understand the specificities, assets and challenges of developing evaluation from within an academic setting, in view of eventually reflecting on possible ways to collectively reinforce this practice within CIVICA, and use CIVICA as a leverage to reinforce this practice. This debate is organized around two topics, developing academic evaluative research, and the role of academic institutions in outreach and training in evaluation. Contributions are based on presentations of the experiences of each CIVICA partner. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-04074380/ IS - n°7 ER - TY - THES A1 - Naujoks, Tabea T1 - The division of labor in couples with children: A dyadic analysis in the German context N2 - This cumulative dissertation examines how couples with children in Germany divide paid and unpaid work and identifies several factors related to a more egalitarian division of labor. In the first paper, I focus on the division of paid work in couples with children, comparing female same-sex and different-sex couples, which constitutes an empirical novelty. Discussing the applicability of division of labor theories to same-sex couples, I further exploit the historically shaped gender culture of East and West Germany. Based on the German Microcensus (2010-2019) and using pooled OLS regressions, I show that female same-sex couples divide paid work more equally than different-sex couples. Comparing East and West Germany, I find a similarly equal division of paid work among same-sex and different-sex couples in the East, while different-sex couples in the West specialize more. The analysis highlights the importance of the cultural context and normative explanations of the division of labor. The second paper turns to childcare, the intersection of the paid working life with the father’s contribution to childcare being a key concern of researchers and policymakers. The COVID-19 pandemic and the short-time work scheme provided a “natural experiment” for investigating this nexus. Based on IAB-HOPP data and multinomial logistic regressions, we show that fathers in short-time work take over more care responsibilities than fathers continuously employed with regular working 1 hours. The findings indicate that policies targeting men’s working hours can affect the gendered distribution of childcare within couples. The third paper focuses on the methodological problem of analyzing the division of unpaid work in couples often from one partner’s perspective only. Therefore, I examine the determinants of ‘perception gaps’ (defined as the mismatches between partners’ responses). Based on pairfam data, I analyze respondents’ reports on housework and childcare during the transition to first parenthood and show that a substantial perception gap exists, with 30% regarding housework and 25% concerning childcare. Results of the logistic regressions indicate that perception gaps are lowest among couples where the woman is employed or highly educated. These findings clearly underline the importance of a dyadic perspective on the division of labor in couples. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 09/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-55381 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5538 N1 - Part of this dissertation has been published: Chapter 3 Journal article: Naujoks, T., Kreyenfeld, M., & Dummert, S. (2022). The division of child care during the coronavirus crisis in Germany: How did short-time work affect fathers’ engagement? Journal of Family Research, 34(1), 67-98. https://doi.org/10.20377/jfr-717 Pre-print: Naujoks, T., Kreyenfeld, M., & Dummert, S. (2021). The Coronavirus Crisis, Fathers’ Short-Time Work, and the Division of Child Care in Couples. Working Paper. Hertie School. https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-3870 N1 - shelf mark: 2024D009 + 2024D009+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Yaakoubi, Yassine A1 - Donti, Priya L. A1 - Kaack, Lynn H. A1 - Rolnick, David A1 - Dunietz, Jesse A1 - Malik, Muneeb A1 - Afolabi, Temilola A1 - Kuhne, Paul A1 - Ndzimande, Onezwa A1 - Chinyamakobvu, Mutsa A1 - Gombakomba, Ruvimbo A1 - Chibvongodze, Vongai A1 - Leslie, Timothy A1 - Bjärby, Effuah A1 - Letuka, Teboho T1 - Grand Challenge Initiatives in AI for Climate & Nature: Landscape Assessment and Recommendations Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ccai-reports.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/grand-challenge-initiatives-ai-climate-nature.pdf PB - Climate Change AI (CCAI) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chevance, Guillaume A1 - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark A1 - Braga, Kaue A1 - Clifton, Kelly A1 - Hoadley, Suzanne A1 - Kaack, Lynn H. A1 - Kaiser, Silke K. A1 - Lampkowski, Marcelo A1 - Lupu, Iuliana A1 - Radics, Miklós A1 - Velázquez-Cortés, Daniel A1 - Williams, Sarah A1 - Woodcock, James A1 - Tonne, Cathryn T1 - Data gaps in transport behavior are bottleneck for tracking progress towards healthy sustainable transport in European cities JF - Environmental Research Letters Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad42b3 VL - 19 IS - 5 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leininger, Arndt A1 - Murr, Andreas E. A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Kayser, Mark A. ED - Schoen, Harald ED - Weßels, Bernhard T1 - Bürger:innenprognosen in einem Mischwahlsystem: Die deutsche Bundestagswahl 2021 als Testfall T2 - Wahlen und Wähler N2 - Wie viele Wahlkreise gewinnt welche Partei bei der Bundestagswahl? Diese Frage war im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2021 trotz des deutschen Mischwahlsystems unter Fachleuten wie auch einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit von besonderem Interesse. Diesem Bedarf an Vorhersagen bedient in jüngerer Zeit eine zunehmende Zahl von Prognosemodellen, die sich jedoch fast ausschließlich auf die Zweitstimme abzielen. Für Wahlkreise gibt es nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch in reinen Mehrheitswahlsystemen, kaum relevante Umfragen. Wir führten daher eine Wahlerwartungsumfrage durch, um den Wahlausgang in jedem einzelnen Bundestagswahlkreis zu prognostizieren. Wir nennen unseren Ansatz Bürger:innenprognose, weil er auf den Erwartungen der Bürger:innen über das Wahlverhalten ihrer Mitbürger:innen beruht und nicht auf deren selbstberichteten Wahlabsichten. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir unsere Bürger:innenprognose vor, evaluieren ihre Genauigkeit und vergleichen sie mit anderen Ansätzen zur Wahlprognose. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783658426934 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42694-1_15 SP - 383 EP - 411 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gilli, Andrea A1 - Gilli, Mauro A1 - Grgić, Gorana A1 - Henke, Marina A1 - Lanoszka, Alexander A1 - Meijer, Hugo A1 - Scaglioli, Lucrezia A1 - Silove, Nina A1 - Simón, Luis A1 - Smeets, Max T1 - Strategic Shifts and NATO’s new Strategic Concept Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1716 SN - 2618-0057 IS - NDC Research Paper No.24 PB - NATO Defense College CY - Rome ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Henke, Marina T1 - The “dos and don’ts” of strategy making Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1678 SN - 2617-6009 PB - NATO Defense College CY - Rome ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Feist, Marian A1 - Kühner, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Selling CBAM: Diplomacy for the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/en/publication/analysis-selling-cbam-diplomacy-for-the-european-unions-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2024.010 PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Drapalova, Eliska A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Platforms´ regulatory disruptiveness and local regulatory outcomes in Europe JF - Internet Policy Review N2 - One of the manifestations of platform power is the ability of platforms to successfully ignore existing rules and disrupt established patterns of regulation, thereby challenging the pillars of the regulatory state. But while the disruptive nature of the platform economy has often been invoked, it has rarely been empirically researched. We aim to fill this gap by putting the ‘disruption’ thesis to the test. We investigated whether platform companies disrupt local regulations. The findings show that sectoral platform companies are less disruptive to local regulations than widely believed. Platforms face a variety of regulatory responses, including the enforcement of regulations and the banning of platforms that fail to respect local rules. We operationalise disruption as the implementation of new regulation, exploring where and whether regulatory disruption takes place. This article combines a comparative analysis of 99 city regulations in the transport (ride-hailing) and housing (apartment-sharing) sectors in which platform companies are active, with examples from qualitative case studies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/platforms-regulatory-disruptiveness U6 - https://doi.org/10.14763/2024.2.1745 VL - 13 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Silvia A1 - Hamilton Byrne, William A1 - Oidtmann, Raphael T1 - The Blind Men and the Elephant: An Empirical Analysis of the Social Sciences in International Law JF - Nordic Journal of International Law N2 - What is the role of the social sciences in international law? This article maps how international law interacts with the social sciences, including its concepts, findings, methods, and epistemologies. It provides a first encompassing genealogy of social science references in six renowned international law journals, including the American, Asian, European, Leiden, and Nordic Journal of International Law as well as the British International and Comparative Law Quarterly, by using a corpus linguistic approach that encompasses more than 15,000 documents from 1907 to 2022. Moreover, it explores how structural factors related to the institutionalization and funding of certain strands of social science-inspired international law scholarship have influenced regional and temporal patterns in Europe, Germany, and Australia. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15718107-bja10076 SN - 0902-7351 VL - 93 IS - 1 SP - 11 EP - 37 PB - Brill ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoijtink, Marijn A1 - Mühlenhoff, Hanna L. A1 - Welfens, Natalie T1 - Whose (in)security? Gender, race and coloniality in European security policies: Introduction to the Special Issue JF - European Security N2 - Building on feminist and postcolonial theoretical approaches across International Relations (IR) and security studies, this Special Issue advances an emerging research agenda within EU studies by shedding light on the gendered and racialised logics of EU security and their links to colonial histories and practices. Together, the contributions to this Special Issue demonstrate how EU security is intrinsically connected to and constituted by histories of colonialism, racism and patriarchy. At the same time, they also highlight how the colonial, racialised and gendered dynamics that underpin EU security and that are mobilised by the EU, its institutions and member states are always complex and shifting. Importantly, they do so by decentring our analysis of EU security moving our focus often away from the EU and towards different, somewhat unexpected sites and geographical locations of EU security. The current war in Ukraine underwrites the need for more historical, contextual and decentred work on EU security, while also highlighting the necessity to reflect on dominant practices of knowledge production and the experiences of people living in and with war through a feminist and postcolonial lens KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2023.2235286 SN - 0966-2839 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 335 EP - 346 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Auz, Juan ED - Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine ED - Peel, Jacqueline T1 - Climate Crisis and the Testing of International Human Rights Remedies: Forecasting the Inter-American Court of Human Rights T2 - Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au défi des changements climatiques KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-90-04-68239-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-8096_pplcdu_a9789004682399_13 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sękowska-Kozłowska, Katarzyna A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna A1 - Grygiel-Zasada, Joanna A1 - Szoszkiewicz, Łukasz ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Poland T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_016 SP - 823 EP - 898 PB - Brill | Nijhoff ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steininger, Silvia A1 - Paige, Tamsin Phillipa ED - González Hauck, Sué ED - Kunz, Raffaela ED - Milas, Max T1 - 4.2 Interdisciplinarity T2 - Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003451327-5/methods-su%C3%A9-gonz%C3%A1lez-hauck-max-milas-silvia-steininger-tamsin-phillipa-paige?context=ubx&refId=5bdaf8e6-ea7d-43fe-a8e2-64a43ad21f5b SN - 9781003451327 SP - 128 EP - 140 PB - Routledge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna T1 - Poland’s Sham 'Migration' Referendum T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/0080ea603408fec9 IS - 2023/10/11 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Briddick, Catherine A1 - Costello, Cathryn T1 - Supreme Judgecraft: Non-Refoulement and the end of the UK-Rwanda ‘deal’? T2 - Verfassungsblog KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/6ac71ea278f0af98 IS - 2023/11/20 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Steininger, Silvia T1 - The CJEU’s Feminist Turn? Gender-based Persecution as a Ground for Protection T2 - Verfassungsblog KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/fb74a4298ba57dc0 IS - 2024/02/20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - Optimism in International Human Rights Law Scholarship JF - American Journal of International Law N2 - As a field of practice, international human rights law (IHRL) is in constant motion. The four books under review explore the legal, political, and civic dynamics that continuously shape and reshape this vibrant area of law. In this Essay, I underscore two important trends in contemporary IHRL scholarship that these books highlight. First, these works share a strong emphasis on agency, understood as human action that makes a difference in the world, be it the agency of individuals, domestic civil society organizations, transnational organizations, or courts. Highlighting agency, rather than overarching political, economic, and social structures, in turn shifts the attention from human rights law and doctrine “in the books” to an understanding of human rights law as a purposive and dynamic practice. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2024.3 SN - 0002-9300 VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 374 EP - 387 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Silvia T1 - Where is the l(ove)? Excavating law and labour in The Redress of Law JF - European Law Open N2 - In his monograph The Redress of Law, Emilios Christodoulidis provides a sophisticated genealogical study of the emergence of total market thinking in Europe. With market constitutionalism having sidelined political constitutionalism, the potential of law to organise the political community is significantly restricted. By examining the commodification of labour, processes of bargaining, unemployment, and strikes, Christodoulidis demonstrates the destructive consequences of law in the service of market rationalities as well as its potential for strategic action to build collective identity in the EU (European Union). Yet, I argue that this book comes with two significant blind spots, namely a dated understanding of both law and labour. First of all, Christodoulidis’s systems theoretical understanding of law is neglecting the material conditions that law continuously re-produces in the course of globalization. Secondly, his vision of labour remains rather traditional, focused on unionised, white, and male workers. Both elements are central pillars of his analysis but do not reflect the current reality of the 21st century. In this Article, I challenge his conceptualization by situating his work in recent research on the role of law and labour regulation in global capitalism. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/elo.2023.17 SN - 2752-6135 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 151 EP - 161 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steininger, Silvia T1 - Talks, Dinners, and Envelopes at Nightfall: The Politicization of Informality at the Bundesverfassungsgericht JF - German Law Journal N2 - The German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG) has for decades used informality to establish, build, and protect its authority. Yet, as the political landscape has shifted in recent years, in particular since the end of the Merkel-era Grand Coalition and the rise of the right-wing populist AfD, several longstanding informal practices and institutions have become politicized. Those concern extra-judicial activities of judges, regular informal meetings between the Court and the government, and privileged early access to the Court’s press releases for certain journalists. This Article first introduces various forms of informality that the BVerfG employs in its internal self-administration and the judicial-legal culture in general, before tracing how, why, and by whom the three aforementioned practices of informality are challenged. Ultimately, this Article analyzes how the Court and its judges respond to the politicization of informality, and in particular how it triggered processes of formalization of judicial behavior and changes in institutional communication. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.72 SN - 2071-8322 VL - 24 IS - 8 SP - 1300 EP - 1322 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmiotto, Francesca T1 - When Is a Decision Automated? A Taxonomy for a Fundamental Rights Analysis JF - German Law Journal N2 - This Article addresses the pressing issues surrounding the use of automated systems in public decision-making, specifically focusing on migration, asylum, and mobility. Drawing on empirical data, this Article examines the potential and limitations of the General Data Protection Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act in effectively addressing the challenges posed by automated decision-making (ADM). The Article argues that the current legal definitions and categorizations of ADM fail to capture the complexity and diversity of real-life applications where automated systems assist human decision-makers rather than replace them entirely. To bridge the gap between ADM in law and practice, this Article proposes to move beyond the concept of “automated decisions” and complement the legal protection in the GDPR and AI Act with a taxonomy that can inform a fundamental rights analysis. This taxonomy enhances our understanding of ADM and allows to identify the fundamental rights at stake and the sector-specific legislation applicable to ADM. The Article calls for empirical observations and input from experts in other areas of public law to enrich and refine the proposed taxonomy, thus ensuring clearer conceptual frameworks to safeguard individuals in our increasingly algorithmic society. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.112 SN - 2071-8322 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 210 EP - 236 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmiotto, Francesca A1 - Ozkul, Derya T1 - Contesting automation: the NewTech Litigation Database JF - Forced Migration Review N2 - Informed litigation is vital to uphold the rights of migrants subject to automated decision-making. This article introduces the NewTech Litigation Database, a tool for anyone seeking to contest the use of automated systems in migration and asylum processes. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.fmreview.org/digital-disruption/palmiotto-ozkul/ IS - 73 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmiotto, Francesca A1 - González, Natalia Menéndez T1 - Facial recognition technology, democracy and human rights JF - Computer Law & Security Review N2 - On 4 July 2023, the Third Section of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered the first judgment on the compatibility of facial recognition technology with human rights in Glukhin v. Russia. The case concerned the use of facial recognition technology (FRT) against Mr Glukhin following his solo demonstration in the Moscow underground. The Court unanimously found a violation of Article 8 (right to respect for private life) and Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). Regarding FRT, the Court concluded that the use of highly intrusive technology is incompatible with the ideals and values of a democratic society governed by the rule of law. This case note analyses the judgment and shows its relevance in the current regulatory debate on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in Europe. Notwithstanding the importance of this decision, we argue that the Court has left crucial questions unanswered. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105857 SN - 0267-3649 VL - 50 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gruev, Ivo T1 - Responsive Judicial Review in Kelsenian Constitutional Courts: The Impeding Effects of Limited Standing and Formalism JF - Review of Central and East European Law N2 - This paper is concerned with the question of whether constitutional systems that have adopted the centralised, “Kelsenian”, model of judicial review, which is prevalent in Eastern Europe, can engage in “responsive judicial review” (Dixon, 2023). It focuses on two features that can be associated with the constitutional courts created in this region after the end of communism, which, the paper argues, can significantly hamper their capacity to identify and counter democratic blockages. These are: (1) their limited standing rules that prioritise the access of political bodies to constitutional courts, and (2) the latter’s commitment to formalism, which can prevent judges from engaging with the structural and contextual issues that are causing a democratic blockage. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja10085 SN - 0925-9880 VL - 48 IS - 3-4 SP - 426 EP - 444 PB - Brill ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demir-Gürsel, Esra A1 - Theilen, Jens T. T1 - Framing Europe in Human Rights, Framing Human Rights in Europe: Authoritarianism, Migration, and Climate Change in the Council of Europe JF - ESIL Reflections KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 UR - https://esil-sedi.eu/esil-reflection-framing-europe-in-human-rights-framing-human-rights-in-europe-authoritarianism-migration-and-climate-change-in-the-council-of-europe/ VL - 12 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demir-Gürsel, Esra T1 - Silvia von Steinsdorff, Ece Göztepe, Maria Abad Andrade, and Felix Petersen. The Constitutional Court of Turkey – Between Legal and Political Reasoning. Baden-Baden, Nomos 2022, 720 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-8487-4632-3, € 149.–. JF - Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2023-1015 SN - 2366-0392 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 386 EP - 391 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auz, Juan T1 - The Political Ecology of Climate Remedies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparing Compliance between National and Inter-American Litigation JF - Journal of Human Rights Practice N2 - The climate crisis will continue to affect human and natural systems across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Undoubtedly, this jeopardizes entire communities’ enjoyment of human rights. In that context, the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) is expected to respond, particularly since its organs have jurisdiction to order remedies over most LAC countries, provided they determine a rights violation. Despite the growing number of domestic human rights-based climate cases in the region, the organs of the IAHRS have yet to adjudicate and order remedies in a case concerning the climate crisis. Against this backdrop, this article inquires how to understand climate remedies from a political ecology perspective to capture the LAC climate litigation experience. Additionally, the article asks what the challenges of implementing such remedies may be. To answer these questions, first, it compares the remedial approaches of domestic courts in six finally decided climate-related cases with those of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) in ‘anti-extractivist’ cases. Second, it applies a political ecology lens to understand the elements that might hinder the implementation of the identified remedies. The article argues that the socioeconomic cost for States largely determines remedial compliance in domestic climate litigation and the IACtHR’s anti-extractivist litigation. Ultimately, the aim is to anticipate the future of climate remedies and their effectiveness at the IACtHR based on present climate litigation in LAC. KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huad057 SN - 1757-9627 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 182 EP - 207 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baranowska, Grażyna T1 - Protecting the Good Name of the Nation as Memory Law JF - European Constitutional Law Review N2 - Memory laws – Protecting the good name of the nation – de facto memory laws – Prohibiting statements about the past – Article 301 of the Turkish Criminal Code – Protecting the good name of Poland and the Polish nation – Protecting the good name of the nation as de facto memory laws – Role of organisations in implementing the laws – Rule of law – Independence of the judiciary – European Court of Human Rights – Chilling effect – European memory politics KW - Centre for Fundamental Rights Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019623000214 SN - 1574-0196 VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 623 EP - 641 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Welfens, Natalie ED - Scharrer, Tabea ED - Glorius, Birgit ED - Kleist, J. Olaf ED - Berlinghoff, Marcel T1 - Resettlement T2 - Flucht- und Flüchtlingsforschung: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783748921905 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748921905 SP - 489 EP - 496 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ziegler, Katja S. A1 - Volou, Aristi ED - Ziegler, Katja S. ED - Neuvonen, Päivi J. ED - Moreno-Lax, Violeta T1 - Human rights and general principles: beyond the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights T2 - Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law N2 - This chapter discusses the dialectic relationship of general principles and the evolution of human rights in the EU legal order. Human (or fundamental) rights are of specific signifcance for general principles as an area of reference in a number of ways: in regard to the methodology of defining and identifying general principles; their link to constitutional values of the EU, the relationship between different sources of human rights in the EU; the relationship between unwritten general principles and a codified source; the specific, active and multidimensional dynamics of general principles in the context of fundamental rights; the relationship of general principles in the area of fundamental rights with their codification in the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights; and their possible continued relevance for courts in adjudicating human rights in the UK in post-Brexit. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781784712389 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784712389.00027 SP - 327 EP - 349 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Köybaşı, Serkan A1 - Turkut, Emre ED - Albert, Richard ED - Landau, David ED - Faraguna, Pietro ED - Drugda, Simon T1 - Turkey T2 - The I·CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law Y1 - 2020 UR - https://ssrn.com/abstract=3736382 SN - 978-0-692-15916-3 SP - 358 EP - 362 PB - Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Turkut, Emre ED - Czech, Philip ED - Heschl, Lisa ED - Lukas, Karin ED - Nowak, Manfred ED - Oberleitner, Gerd T1 - The Turkish Post-Coup Emergency and European Responses: Shortcomings in the European System Revisited T2 - European Yearbook on Human Rights 2022 N2 - This contribution takes Turkey’s use of the derogation mechanism in the aftermath of the failed military coup of 15 July 2016 as a springboard to critically address the operation and the fallacies of the contemporary European derogation regime. The assessment will reveal whether the European system of human rights protection has succeeded in adopting an adequate and viable approach that can counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. The contribution concludes by providing a road map proposal for adequate oversight marked by rigorous scrutiny of derogation claims that can be described as a ‘consultation and cooperation process’. This process would place the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in a more active and operationally focused position to influence state decisions, to counterbalance the increased leeway accorded to derogating states, and to formulate safeguards to mitigate human rights abuses. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781839703447 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781839703447.016 SP - 445 EP - 482 PB - Intersentia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Lemay, Isabelle A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM’s Immigration Detention Practices and Policies: Human Rights, Positive Obligations and Humanitarian Duties T2 - IOM Unbound?: Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - This chapter analyses IOM’s practices and policies on immigration detention from the 1990s to date, spanning a period of significant change in its approaches to detention. The chapter first distills pertinent international human rights law (IHRL) on migration-related detention, and then examines IOM’s normative statements concerning detention. It shows that while IOM generally emphasises international legal standards, it also tends to stress states’ ‘prerogative’ to detain, frame alternatives to detention (ATDs) as a desirable option rather than a legal obligation, and weave an operational role for itself, notably through assisted voluntary returns (AVRs). The chapter then interrogates IOM’s involvement in detention through four case studies. These reveal not only IOM’s changing role regarding detention, but its enduring part in a global system whereby powerful states and regions seek to contain protection seekers ‘elsewhere.’ The chapter concludes that, without constitutional and institutional change to ensure it meets its positive human rights obligations, and deeper critical reflection on its humanitarian duties, IOM’s practice risks expanding and legitimating detention. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175.016 SP - 360 EP - 396 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welfens, Natalie A1 - Bonjour, Saskia T1 - Seeking Legitimacy Through Knowledge Production: The Politics of Monitoring and Evaluation of the EU Trust Fund for Africa JF - JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies N2 - Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a form of expert knowledge that is central to migration governance. This article analyses M&E of the EU Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), created in 2015 to ‘fight the root causes of migration’. Combining institutionalist accounts with practice theory, we examine whether M&E knowledge production served the instrumental purpose of assessing policy impact or mainly legitimated particular policy actors and positions. We find that M&E did not produce evidence on whether the EUTF met its objectives. However, in the context of the EU's multiple crises, M&E knowledge production served to seek legitimacy not only for the EUTF, but also for the further fusion of development and migration policies, and for the EU as a competent and transparent actor. Our analysis highlights that knowledge use and knowledge production are connected, and that M&E knowledge politics allow for the legitimation of both actors and policies. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13434 SN - 0021-9886 VL - 61 IS - 4 SP - 951 EP - 969 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turkut, Emre T1 - Emergency Powers, Constitutional (Self-)Restraint and Judicial Politics: the Turkish Constitutional Court During the COVID-19 Pandemic JF - Jus Cogens N2 - This paper investigates the Turkish Constitutional Court (TCC)’s treatment of legal challenges brought against Turkey’s legal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a detailed examination of the TCC’s institutional features, political origins and jurisprudential trajectory, and taking three politically salient judgments of the TCC concerning Turkey’s executive-dominated pandemic control as the point of departure, the paper argues that the TCC chose to exercise judicial restraint both in protecting fundamental rights and reviewing pandemic policies of the executive. It also argues that the TCC’s judicial restraint during the pandemic was simply the re-manifestation of its ‘play-it-safe’ strategy — a judicial stance the TCC willingly adopted in the aftermath of the 2016 attempted coup despite possessing strong constitutional powers of judicial review, and its established attitude of assertive scrutiny in the past. From a more theoretical perspective, the analysis also explores how the passive role to which the TCC is consigned in an increasingly authoritarian regime since the 2016 failed coup relates to the global phenomenon of judicialization of authoritarian politics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42439-022-00064-7 SN - 2524-3977 VL - 4 SP - 263 EP - 284 ER - TY - THES A1 - Auz, Juan T1 - Dissecting the Inter-American Human Rights System in the Age of Climate Change N2 - This dissertation examines, from a socio-legal approach, the implications of the climate crisis on the adjudicative functions of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS). In particular, it focuses on three general aspects of the adjudicative building blocks: access to the climate litigation process, interpretation of the relevant legal norms, and the design and impact of the remedies awarded. To that end, this dissertation comprises six papers addressing one or more of said general aspects. The first paper is about accessing the phenomenon of climate litigation itself. Mapping the legal opportunity structures of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) reveals how human rights-based climate litigation is developing. The multiplication of cases and the inchoate successes are partly explained by the IAHRS’s legal standards in the applicant’s arguments. However, it contrasts such development by laying bare potential barriers arising from the region’s extractivist economies and hyper-presidential constitutional designs. The second and third papers situate the IAHRS in the scholarly descriptions of international human rights and environmental law. It argues that the IAHRS is a relatively progressive space for protecting human rights because of its constant interaction with marginalised communities in LAC. The resultant interpretation of human rights can be crucial in a climate litigation case in the IAHRS. However, filling in the details for the content of the right to a healthy environment and extraterritorial obligations is still pending. The fourth, fifth and sixth papers discuss the tensions between climate litigation and justice in Global South jurisdictions, such as LAC. They explore why climate justice dimensions might be at odds with the results of a successful climate ruling that orders a State to remedy a plaintiff when such a State did not contribute meaningfully to generating and perpetuating the climate crisis in the first place. This tension is transposed to the IAHRS while adding the difficulty of non-compliance with systemic remedial orders. The papers explore how the organs of the IAHRS could address these tensions and reimagine remedies for the climate crisis. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 08/2024 Y1 - 2024 N1 - List of publications: Auz, J. (2022). Human rights-based climate litigation: A Latin American cartography. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2022.01.05 Auz, J. (2021). Situating the Inter-American Human Rights System in the Oscillation of International Law. Journal of Law and Political Economy, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.5070/LP62155395 Auz, J. (2021). ‘So, This Is Permanence’: The Inter-American Human Rights System as a Liminal Space for Climate Justice. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 22(2). https://law.unimelb.edu.au/mjil/issues/issue-archive/volume-222-2021 Auz, J. (2022). Two Reputed Allies: Reconciling Climate Justice and Litigation in the Global South. In C. Rodríguez-Garavito (Ed.), Litigating the Climate Emergency (pp. 145–156). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009106214.009 Auz, J. (2024). The Political Ecology of Climate Remedies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparing Compliance between National and Inter-American Litigation. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 16(1), 182–207. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huad057 Auz, J. (2023). Climate Crisis and the Testing of International Human Rights Remedies: Forecasting the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. In S. Maljean-Dubois & J. Peel (Eds.), Climate Change and the Testing of International Law / Le droit international au défi des changements climatiques. The Centre for Studies and Research in International Law and International Relations. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/1875-8096_pplcdu_A9789004682399_13 N1 - shelf mark: 2024D008 + 2024D008+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wriedt, Vera T1 - Rezension: The Prohibition of Collective Expulsion in International Law JF - Kritische Justiz Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0023-4834-2021-2-247 SN - 0023-4834 VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 255 EP - 259 PB - Nomos Verlag ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galand, Alexandre Skander T1 - The Nature of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (and its Amended Jurisdictional Scheme) JF - Journal of International Criminal Justice N2 - This article shows that in the 20 years following the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court its nature has surfed on three waves. Building upon the Court’s case law on the principle of legality and the immunity of state officials from non-party states, it shows that the Statute was initially conceived to be of universal nature, transcending the interests of all states. However, following a series of pushbacks, the Court revised this case law to rightly acknowledge that its Statute is first of all a multilateral treaty regulating the conduct committed in the territory and by nationals of its states parties. Yet, this second wave maintained the potential for the Statute to be universally applicable when the Court’s jurisdiction is based on ad hoc declarations of acceptance or Security Council referrals. However, the journey to amend the Statute to define the crime of aggression and new war crimes might have made the prospects for universal application dependent upon universal ratification. This article argues that this third wave certainly evinces a novel shift towards state consent, but that direct and indirect forms of consent can still premise the Court’s jurisdiction over situations concerning states which have not ratified the Statute or its amendments. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz051 SN - 1478-1387 VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 933 EP - 956 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auz Vaca, Juan T1 - La Crisis Climática y sus impactos en los Derechos: una Mirada en Clave Latinoamericana JF - Justicia Ambiental Y1 - 2019 UR - https://www.revistajusticiaambiental.cl/2020/01/07/numero-11-2019/ SN - 0718-736x IS - 11 SP - 41 EP - 47 ER - TY - GEN ED - De Abreu Duarte, Francisco ED - Palmiotto Ettorre, Francesca T1 - Sovereignty, Technology and Governance after COVID-19: Legal Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Europe N2 - This book imagines how Europe might re-organise and re-group after the COVID-19 crisis by assessing its effectiveness when responding to it. For this purpose, it directs its focus on: i) sovereignty challenges; ii) technological challenges and iii) governance challenges. These three challenges do not present hermetic legal problems, they intersect and connect on many levels. The book shows this by examining the relationship between public and private power, and illustrating how the rise of technocratic authority is deeply connected to the choice of technological solutions. It illustrates how constitutional decisions taken during states of emergency give rise to private governance challenges related to cybersecurity and data protection. Experts from the fields of EU governance, data protection, and technology explore these questions to provide answers to how the EU might develop in the future. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781509955985 PB - Bloomsbury Publishing ER - TY - BOOK ED - Bradley, Megan ED - Costello, Cathryn ED - Sherwood, Angela T1 - IOM Unbound? Obligations and Accountability of the International Organization for Migration in an Era of Expansion N2 - It is an era of expansion for the International Organization for Migration (IOM), an increasingly influential actor in the global governance of migration. Bringing together leading experts in international law and international relations, this collection examines the dynamics and implications of IOM's expansion in a new way. Analyzing IOM as an international organization (IO), the book illuminates the practices, obligations and accountability of this powerful but controversial actor, advancing understanding of IOM itself and broader struggles for IO accountability. The contributions explore key, yet often under-researched, IOM activities including its role in humanitarian emergencies, internal displacement, data collection, ethical labour recruitment, and migrant detention. Offering recommendations for reforms rooted in empirical evidence and careful normative analysis, this is a vital resource for all those interested in the obligations and accountability of international organizations, and in the field of migration. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009184175 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009184175 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - THES A1 - Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz J. T1 - The Future Is Now: Non-Linear Temporality in Blockchain Organizing N2 - This cumulative dissertation advances management scholarship by studying the novel phenomenon of Blockchain organizing. Blockchain is an emerging technology that facilitates the maintenance of data across networks of computers, as opposed to more traditional central servers. These distributed data maintenance capabilities may have wide-ranging consequences. Ever since Blockchain’s inception in 2008, a discourse identifying this technology as an enabler of radically new and decentralized modes of collective and societal coordination has gained traction. “Blockchain organizing” refers to practices in which such Blockchain technology artefacts are being developed, implemented, and/or utilized by organizations. Studying these practices presents a unique opportunity to further management scholarship; particularly subjective time research following the neo-institutional tradition. Blockchain is not only an emerging technology associated with significant future expectations, but further a meta-organizational technology whose very raison d'être is the transformation of entrenched organizational structures. When organizational actors develop, implement, and/or utilize Blockchain technology, bureaucratic ways of organizing that have been established in the past and continue to be legitimized in the present may become reevaluated in light of bold visions for an organizational and societal future that looks radically different. The dissertation at hand utilizes this Blockchain context as an exemplary case to develop theory on how transformative future visions and expectations associated with emerging technologies may become instantiated within the present, and conceptualizes this phenomenon as “present-future convergence”. Developed based on a field-level pilot study that led to an 18-month ethnographic engagement with one Blockchain start-up, the three papers gathered in the dissertation utilize an interpretivist approach to explain how present-future convergence is rooted in conjoined processes of intra- and inter-subjective temporal experience. Furthermore, the papers highlight the counterintuitive consequences that present-future convergence may have for processes of technological, organizational, and societal change. In doing so, the dissertation opens promising research avenues at the intersection of temporality, performativity, and sociomateriality, and contributes to scholarly understanding of Blockchain organizing. Practically speaking, the dissertation helps answer the question of how actors may “pull” the future into the present to realize transformative future visions like those associated with emerging technologies. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54871 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5487 N1 - The second paper of the dissertation is currently under review at a journal. To protect the blind peer review process, the paper has been taken temporarily offline. This document temporarily replaces the original dissertation (Serial No. 10/2022): https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4498 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Toepler, Stefan ED - Renz, David O. ED - Brown, William A. ED - Andersson, Fredrik O. T1 - The Changing Context of Nonprofit Management: Broad Trends and Policy Challenges T2 - The Jossey-Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-1-394-19887-0 SP - 7 EP - 29 PB - Jossey-Bass ET - 5th ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jansen, Jannik A1 - Nguyen, Thu T1 - Between Continuity and a Perforated 'Cordon Sanitaire' - On the 2024 European Elections N2 - Between 6-9 July 2024, the 720 members of the European Parliament were elected across 27 Member States. While the elections have not led to a landslide shift to the right, there is a notable consolidation of far-right parties at the European level. Still, the pro-European centre is holding firm and maintains a majority. In this Policy Brief, Jannik Jansen and Thu Nguyen argue that the results likely indicate by-and-large continuity in the European Parliament, including an ongoing shift to the right on contested issues due to a perforated ‘cordon sanitaire’. But the election results had heavily disruptive consequences on the national level, which in France has triggered snap parliamentary elections. This will have pronounced impact on the balance of power in the (European) Council and on the EU as a whole. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/between-continuity-and-a-perforated-cordon-sanitaire ER - TY - THES A1 - Daub, Sara T1 - External Diaspora Sponsorship to Rebel Organizations. Causes and Consequences N2 - While intrastate conflicts remain the dominant form of armed conflict and migration receives increasing attention, the international dimension of civil wars, particularly non-state sponsorship, has largely been overlooked. This dissertation examines the phenomenon of diasporas as external sponsors in intrastate conflicts. It investigates: (1) Why do diasporas support rebel organizations? (2) Under what conditions is diaspora support more or less likely? (3) How does diaspora sponsorship of rebel organizations impact civilian victimization and rebel governance? To understand the logic of diaspora support, I employ a principal-agent framework. Conflict, rebel group, diaspora, and homeland characteristics are determinants of diaspora sponsorship. I argue that diasporas aim for kin support and changes in the homeland and consequently prefer limited violence against civilians and co-ethnic civilians. Diasporas benefit from delegating the task of combat and limited civilian victimization but risk agency slack. Concurrently, the rebel organization gains additional resources but loses autonomy. I introduce an information-sharing mechanism between co-ethnics in the conflict zone and the diaspora, which enhances the monitoring capability of the diaspora. I employ a mixed-methods approach to answer the research questions. Interviews conducted in the Washington DC area with members of various diasporas and experts provide evidence for the information-sharing between the diaspora and co-ethnics. I produced a unique data set on diaspora support for African and Asian intrastate conflicts between 1989 and 2014. Findings from multiple large-N analyses, utilizing extreme bounds analysis, logistic regression, and negative binomial analyses, serve as the empirical base for examining the causes and consequences of diaspora sponsorship to rebel organizations. I demonstrate that conflict and rebel group characteristics are strong determinants of diaspora sponsorship, while homeland and diaspora characteristics yield mixed results. Diaspora support significantly reduces the number of civilian killings. The impacts on ethnic violence and rebel governance are heterogeneous. Overall, this dissertation enriches our understanding of diasporas’ roles as external actors in conflict dynamics and as non-state sponsors for rebel organizations. It opens further avenues for researching civilian-rebel relationships and host country-homeland dynamics. Policy discussions may follow around monitoring of sponsorship activities and the responsibilities of host countries. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 07/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54847 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5484 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D007 + 2024D007+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Stable or stagnant? Political economy and governance in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany since 2000 JF - Global Policy N2 - At the beginning of the twenty‐first century, the large democracies of Western Europe experienced some of the most prosperous and peaceful decades in human history. Specifically, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany experienced high and stable quality of life, democratic accountability and state capacity between 2000 and 2019, according to the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index. While all four of these countries are among the top performers in the Index, substantial problems lurk beneath the surface. Notably, each failed to capitalise on the low interest rate environment in the decade following the global financial crisis of 2007–2009—albeit in different ways and for different reasons in each country. In particular, low investment in infrastructure and key technologies, the persistence of stubborn regional inequalities, and resulting sluggish GDP growth have prevented the ‘Big Four’ in Western Europe from improving further and future‐proofing their existing gains. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13271 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 90 EP - 103 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Escape from the ‘lost decades?’ Governance challenges in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela JF - Global Policy N2 - Much of Latin America has experienced a renewed ‘lost decade’, failing to substantially expand quality of life since the late 2000s. While the outcomes of governance performance across the largest countries – including Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina – have discrete causes, common themes like internal conflict, corruption, and overreliance on natural resources plague the entire region. Put more generally, the inability to turn democratic accountability into a state mechanism able to deliver economic growth and public goods in a sustainable manner is a liability affecting all five countries. To explore the difficulties that the large Latin American countries have faced in the twenty‐first century, this article examines results from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index, and then presents three key issues facing the region: insufficient state capacity, flirtations with authoritarianism, and economic inequality and inflation. While the challenges remain substantial, increased regional integration may offer one way out of the predicament. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13279 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 113 EP - 123 PB - Wiley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - A falling star? Origins of declining state capacity and democratic accountability in the United States JF - Global Policy N2 - AbstractThe United States—often hailed as the ‘oldest democracy in the world’ and the ‘leader of the free world’—has fallen on hard times. In addition to recent headline‐grabbing political events that have highlighted its political dysfunction, data from the 2022 Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) reveal that overall state capacity and democratic accountability have been declining for years. Although public goods provision has remained on a steady course, the US still trails much of the developed world. We find this struggling performance is largely the result of neglecting three types of infrastructure: civic, physical and social. Specifically, we argue that the crisis became particularly pronounced due to an insufficient response to the 2008 global financial crisis. Although some recent political achievements could slow the decline, more drastic action will be required to reverse these troubling trends. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13282 SN - 1758-5880 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 47 EP - 57 PB - Wiley ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Almost a free lunch: Boosting investment predictability for the Green Deal N2 - Implementing the EU Green Deal requires annual investments of about €620 billion, most of which will have to be shouldered by the private sector. However, businesses and households are not investing enough as of now. An important lever for greater green investment is reducing uncertainty around such investment. At the start of the next institutional cycle, the EU should hence improve regulatory certainty for green investments, which should be palatable to most parties likely to form a majority in the Parliament. In addition, the EU should adopt concrete tools that reduce cost uncertainty for companies and households in a pragmatic manner. To this end, this policy position recommends using green lead markets and proposes moves to explore two novel mechanisms that cost taxpayers little to nothing but should boost green investments. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/boosting-investment-predictability-for-the-green-deal ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Edenhofer, Jacob A1 - Zwar, Claudia T1 - Eine vertane Chance, aber keine Katastrophe: Die Novelle des Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetzes T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/2c0758cc33ed9dc3 N1 - This publication is also available in English: Flachsland, C., Edenhofer, J., & Zwar, C. (2024). Not a Disaster, but a Missed Opportunity: The Amendment to the Federal Climate Protection Act. Verfassungsblog. https://verfassungsblog.de/german-federal-climate-protection-act/ IS - 2024/05/06 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hunold, Matthias A1 - Petrishcheva, Vasilisa T1 - Foreclosure and Profit Shifting with Partial Vertical Ownership T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We demonstrate how the incentives of firms that partially own their suppliers or customers to foreclose rivals depend on how the partial owner can extract profits from the target. Compared to a fully vertically integrated firm, a partial owner may obtain only a share of the target’s profit but influence the target’s strategy significantly. We show that the incentives for customer and input foreclosure can be higher, equal, or even lower with partial ownership than with a vertical merger, depending on how the protection of minority shareholders and transfer price regulations affect the scope for profit extraction. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 41 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54774 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5477 ET - No. 41 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Leichthammer, Arthur T1 - Mining for Tomorrow: The strategic importance of critical raw materials for Europe’s industry N2 - Arthur Leichthammer, Geoeconomics Policy Fellow at the Jacques Delors Centre, argues that the EU needs a strategic rethink to safeguard its critical raw materials supplies as global competition intensifies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/mining-for-tomorrow ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Quaritsch, Luise T1 - Political Advertising in the 2024 European elections - Between Europeanisation and the protection of electoral integrity online N2 - Election campaigns are increasingly conducted online. Social media platforms in particular shape political discourse and facilitate new ways of delivering political messages. This was initially considered a boon for democracy, but opaque manipulation tactics quickly turned it into a threat to fair and transparent elections. National regulatory frameworks have often proved to be inadequate for online campaigns and the transnational nature of European elections. The EU has reacted to this with a regulation on political advertising. The initiative facilitates transnational campaigning online and aims to protect the integrity of European elections. The 2024 European elections will be the first time EU rules operate in this area, putting these to the test. This election cycle will indicate whether political actors are striking out for more cross-border campaigns and whether they suffice to protect European elections. Critical here is how online platforms implement the new rules and how transparent they are about campaign-related posts on their sites. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/political-advertising-in-the-2024-european-elections ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Shahini, Besa T1 - Towards Enlargement - How to Rebuild Trust in the EU Accession Process N2 - EU enlargement has historically fostered economic growth and political stability. In the Western Balkans, however, the process has stalled for many years due to the myriad crises afflicting the EU and failure to deliver reforms in the Western Balkans. This policy brief examines the evolution of the EU accession process, the challenges faced by candidate countries, and the need for a revitalized approach that builds reforms into the accession process rather than keep them a precondition for kickstarting it. It calls for the EU to remove bilateral disputes from the process and open accession talks with all candidate countries in all areas covered by the acquis, ensuring that all candidate countries have a fair chance based on their merits. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/towards-enlargement-how-to-rebuild-trust-in-the-eu-accession-process ER - TY - THES A1 - Lohse, Anna Prisca T1 - Higher Education in an Age of Disruption: Comparing European Internationalisation Policies N2 - This book investigates European higher education internationalisation policies during a period marked by extreme upheaval due to Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Situating her analysis at the intersection of higher education research and policy studies, the author combines historical and sociological institutionalism to investigate how this time of disruption impacted higher education policies in England, France and Germany. Based on extensive qualitative data derived from expert interviews and document analysis, the study offers timely insights into dynamics of institutional change and stability in higher education governance, as well as implications for the future of cross-border education and internationalisation. The book will appeal to academics and students interested in education policy and the internationalisation of higher education. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 06/2024 Y1 - 2024 SN - 9783031579110 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57912-7 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Khanna, Tarun M. A1 - Ruhnau, Oliver T1 - How aggregate electricity demand responds to hourly wholesale price fluctuations JF - Energy Economics N2 - Electricity needs to be consumed at the very moment of production, leading wholesale prices to fluctuate widely at (sub-)hourly time scales. This article investigates the response of aggregate electricity demand to such price variations. Using wind energy as an instrument, we estimate a significant and robust short-term price elasticity of about −0.05 in Germany and attribute this to industrial consumers. As the share of consumption that is exposed to real-time prices (currently less than 25%) expands, we expect the aggregated price elasticity to grow. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107652 SN - 0140-9883 VL - 135 PB - Elsevier BV ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Schmauck, Sarah A1 - Mika, Tatjana ED - Karger-Kroll, Anna ED - Schäfers, Lars T1 - Der Wandel der Lebensformen und seine Bedeutung für die Alterssicherung in Deutschland T2 - Gerechte Rente: Sozialethische Perspektiven einer interdisziplinären Sondierung der Alterssicherung Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.nomos-shop.de/nomos/titel/gerechte-rente-id-119795/ SN - 978-3-7560-1712-6 PB - Nomos ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Allcott, Hunt A1 - Gentzkow, Matthew A1 - Mason, Winter A1 - Wilkins, Arjun A1 - Barberá, Pablo A1 - Brown, Taylor A1 - Cisneros, Juan Carlos A1 - Crespo-Tenorio, Adriana A1 - Dimmery, Drew A1 - Freelon, Deen A1 - González-Bailón, Sandra A1 - Guess, Andrew M. A1 - Kim, Young Mie A1 - Lazer, David A1 - Malhotra, Neil A1 - Moehler, Devra A1 - Nair-Desai, Sameer A1 - Nait El Barj, Houda A1 - Nyhan, Brendan A1 - Paixao de Queiroz, Ana Carolina A1 - Pan, Jennifer A1 - Settle, Jaime A1 - Thorson, Emily A1 - Tromble, Rebekah A1 - Velasco Rivera, Carlos A1 - Wittenbrink, Benjamin A1 - Wojcieszak, Magdalena A1 - Zahedian, Saam A1 - Franco, Annie A1 - Kiewiet de Jonge, Chad A1 - Stroud, Natalie Jomini A1 - Tucker, Joshua A. T1 - The effects of Facebook and Instagram on the 2020 election: A deactivation experiment JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences N2 - We study the effect of Facebook and Instagram access on political beliefs, attitudes, and behavior by randomizing a subset of 19,857 Facebook users and 15,585 Instagram users to deactivate their accounts for 6 wk before the 2020 U.S. election. We report four key findings. First, both Facebook and Instagram deactivation reduced an index of political participation (driven mainly by reduced participation online). Second, Facebook deactivation had no significant effect on an index of knowledge, but secondary analyses suggest that it reduced knowledge of general news while possibly also decreasing belief in misinformation circulating online. Third, Facebook deactivation may have reduced self-reported net votes for Trump, though this effect does not meet our preregistered significance threshold. Finally, the effects of both Facebook and Instagram deactivation on affective and issue polarization, perceived legitimacy of the election, candidate favorability, and voter turnout were all precisely estimated and close to zero. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2321584121 VL - 121 IS - 21 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stiewe, Clemens A1 - Xu, Alice Lixuan A1 - Eicke, Anselm A1 - Hirth, Lion T1 - Cross-border cannibalization: Spillover effects of wind and solar energy on interconnected European electricity markets N2 - The average revenue, or market value, of wind and solar energy tends to fall with increasing market shares, as is now evident across European electricity markets. At the same time, these markets have become more interconnected. In this paper, we empirically study the multiple cross-border effects on the value of renewable energy: on one hand, interconnection is a flexibility resource that allows to export energy when it is locally abundant, benefitting renewables. On the other hand, wind and solar radiation are correlated across space, so neighboring supply adds to the local one to depress domestic prices. We estimate both effects, using spatial panel regression on electricity market data from 2015 to 2023 from 30 European bidding zones. We find that domestic wind and solar value is not only depressed by domestic, but also by neighboring renewables expansion. The better interconnected a market is, the smaller the effect of domestic but the larger the effect of neighboring renewables. While wind value is stabilized by interconnection, solar value is not. If wind market share increases both at home and in neighboring markets by one percentage point, the value factor of wind energy is reduced by just above 1 percentage points. For solar, this number is almost 4 percentage points. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.17166 PB - arXiv ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindemann, Korinna A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. T1 - The Effect of Televised Candidate Debates on the Support for Political Parties N2 - During campaigns for legislative elections, a large portion of the general public follows televised debates between the front-running candidates. How can the candidates use the public interest in the debates to increase the support for their party? In this article, we argue that especially challenger candidates can improve the public perception of their valence qualities, such as personal integrity, leadership, and competence, and can - as a result - improve the support of their parties. We expect the perceived policy stances of the candidates to matter less, as parties often already have well-defined policy profiles that matter to voters. Building on televised debate experiments during the German Federal Elections of 2009 and 2013, we analyse the effect of the debates on party vote and in how far this relationship is mediated by changes in valence and policy evaluations of the candidates. Results show that changes of candidate valence, but not changes in policy perceptions, of the social-democratic front-running candidates mediate the vote intention for the party. Respondents who perceived the candidates more competent, empathetic and have integrity as a result of the debate are more likely to vote for their party. Our analysis further reveals, however, that this valence effect does not carry-over to vote intention briefly before the election. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54385 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5438 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Gehrig, Stefan A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment JF - Management Science N2 - This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely, when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. KW - discrimination, hiring decisions, gender, beliefs, experiment, aversive sexism Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01229 SN - 0025-1909 (print) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dessy, Elodie A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Xhauflair, Virginie T1 - Organizational diversity of social-mission platforms: Advancing a configurational research agenda JF - Information and Organization N2 - Social-mission platforms (SMPs), or platforms that facilitate the interactions between stakeholders across sectors and help them exchange resources to make progress on social and environmental problems, have emerged on a global scale. However, despite their prevalence, little is known about how SMPs organize to orchestrate collective efforts of social innovation. Taking stock of information systems and organizational literature on platforms, we identify four dimensions inherent in platform organizing (i.e., identity, boundary, governance, and technology). We then analyze three case studies to interrogate how these organizing dimensions manifest in SMPs. As a result, we offer a conceptual framework highlighting the trade-offs SMPs face, specifying the design choices they can make, and exposing the interdependences between dimensions. We further illustrate how these interdependences inform a configurational perspective of SMPs and suggest avenues to advance a configurational research agenda to deepen understanding of SMPs as effective vehicles to address Grand Challenges. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2024.100514 SN - 1471-7727 VL - 34 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alonso-Perez, Enrique A1 - Heisig, Jan Paul A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Gellert, Paul A1 - O’Sullivan, Julie Lorraine T1 - Intersectional inequalities in the transition to grandparenthood and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) JF - The Journals of Gerontology: Series B N2 - Objectives In aging societies, more people become vulnerable to experiencing cognitive decline. Simultaneously, the role of grandparenthood is central for older adults and their families. Our study investigates inequalities in the level and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults, focusing on possible intersectional effects of social determinants and grandparenthood as a life course transition that may contribute to delaying cognitive decline. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we analyzed a sample of 19,953 individuals aged 50-85 without grandchildren at baseline. We applied Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy to investigate variation in cognitive functioning across 48 intersectional strata, defined by sex/gender, migration, education, and occupation. We allowed the impact of becoming a grandparent on cognitive functioning trajectories to vary across strata by including random slopes. Results Intersectional strata accounted for 17.43% of the overall variance in cognitive functioning, with most of the stratum-level variation explained by additive effects of the stratum-defining characteristics. Transition to grandparenthood was associated with higher cognitive functioning, showing a stronger effect for women. Stratum-level variation in the grandparenthood effect was modest, especially after accounting for interactions between grandparenthood and the stratum-defining variables. Discussion This study highlights the importance of social determinants for understanding heterogeneities in older adults’ level of cognitive functioning and its association with the transition to grandparenthood. Cumulative disadvantages negatively affect cognitive functioning, hence adopting an intersectional lens is useful to decompose inequalities and derive tailored interventions to promote equal healthy aging. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae088 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jerg, Lukas T1 - New forms of economic risk and political attitudes: Analyzing the influence of technological change and financialization in housing on political attitudes. Examining the effect of personality on the prevalence and persistence of atypical employment. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 05/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53927 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5392 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D005 + 2024D005+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Döbbeling-Hildebrandt, Niklas A1 - Miersch, Klaas A1 - Khanna, Tarun M. A1 - Bachelet, Marion A1 - Bruns, Stephan B. A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Forster, Piers M. A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Lamb, William F. A1 - Ohlendorf, Nils A1 - Steckel, Jan Christoph A1 - Minx, Jan C. T1 - Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing JF - Nature Communications N2 - Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions using a rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions for at least 17 of these policies, despite the low level of prices in most instances. Statistically significant emissions reductions range between –5% to –21% across the schemes (–4% to –15% after correcting for publication bias). Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard to dozens of unevaluated carbon pricing schemes and the price elasticity of emissions reductions. More rigorous synthesis of carbon pricing and other climate policies is required across a range of outcomes to advance our understanding of “what works” and accelerate learning on climate solutions in science and policy. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48512-w SN - 2041-1723 VL - 15 PB - Springer Science and Business Media LLC ER - TY - THES A1 - Sorg, Alexander T1 - Understanding Foreign Deployed Nuclear Weapons N2 - This dissertation delves into the complex dynamics of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. Scholarly work on nuclear weapons has predominantly focused on strategic forces. However, many escalation scenarios foresee the use of tactical nuclear weapons as a precursor, which could eventually lead to an all-out nuclear war. These are exactly the weapons that the United States has deployed across the world, and we know little about their strategic causes and consequences. My study addresses this gap in the literature. The first part of this dissertation investigates the causes of U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. It emphasizes the importance of assurance, which has commonly been neglected or subsumed under non-proliferation. Through a comprehensive conceptualization, I distinguish assurance from other strategies of interstate interaction, explaining how the U.S. uses nuclear weapon deployments to assure allies and maintain its sphere of influence. Utilizing an original dataset, I find evidence that largely confirms my assurance hypotheses. With regard to alternative explanations, the power projection hypotheses are supported, but the extended deterrence hypotheses are not. These results contribute to the underdeveloped literature on assurance and provide valuable insights into the strategic considerations underlying U.S. nuclear weapon deployments. The second part, which is co-authored with Julian Wucherpfennig, examines the consequences of U.S. military deployments, both conventional and nuclear. The theory of free-riding in military alliances postulates that member states piggyback on security commitments by guardian states. We argue that free-riding critically implies that foreign military deployments positively affect subjective feelings of security – in other words: that they assure. In contrast, if citizens hold skeptical views of the guardian or do not subscribe to the (extended) deterrence logic, they might experience an increase in threat perception. We investigate how foreign military deployments impact attitudes toward defense policies in host states through an observational data analysis and a survey experiment. While nuclear and conventional troop deployments decrease citizens’ subjective need for defense, they do not necessarily increase their sense of protection, challenging the logic of free-riding. Taken together, my findings suggest a mismatch between objectives and outcomes. While I find evidence that nuclear weapons are deployed to assure allies, this aim does not appear to be effective at the micro-level. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 04/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50862 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5086 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D004 + 2024D004+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edmondson, Duncan A1 - Krafft, Oskar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - van Ballegooy, Christian T1 - Governance capacities in reflexive climate policymaking: the scope, role, and institutional arrangements of policy mix evaluation in the German domestic buildings sector N2 - Residential buildings directly contribute 11% to local greenhouse gas emissions and up to 40% of total emissions when accounting for energy use for electricity generation. In order to achieve the climate targets in line with the Federal Climate Protection Act, increased ambition level of climate policy instruments is required in this sector. In this research, we are interested in the governance of this sector and the role of evaluation: the government-mandated processes used to evaluate policy in terms of the actors, organisations and ministries involved in executing and coordinating these processes; and the metrics and methods as well as the scope and granularity of evaluations. The report follows a mixed methods research design, utilising multiple sources of primary data for triangulation. We combine 14 expert interviews with content analysis of published reports to investigate the quality and scope of the current evaluation procedures in place. Building on institutional and evaluation literatures, the research offers an enhanced understanding of the content, scope and processes of ex-post evaluation of policy instruments. KW - ARIADNE Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/en/publication/governance-capacities-in-reflexive-climate-policymaking-the-scope-role-and-institutional-arrangements-of-policy-mix-evaluation-in-the-german-domestic-buildings-sector/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2023.011 PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Fritzsche, Miriam T1 - De-industrialization, local joblessness and the male-female employment gap T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Across industrialized countries, regional disparities in labor market outcomes and income have increased in recent decades. This paper investigates how one of the largest localized labor demand shocks tied to the beginning of de-industrialization- the decline of the mining industry between 1960 and 2010 - affects labor market outcomes in the long run. The analysis relies on a new panel data set based on digitized census records from Belgium, France, the UK, and Germany that allows to trace labor market adjustments over 60 years for the male and female working-age population separately. For the causal estimation, I use an IV-shift share approach that exploits exogenous variation in the shifts induced by increased seaborne trade of energy substitutes and the share given by geological rock strata to predict mining activity. The male population disproportionately suffered under this (early) de-industrialization shock and the subsequent job loss. For the male population, the employment-population ratio has not yet recovered resulting in persistent local joblessness. In contrast, the female working-age population experienced a strong catch-up in employment and participation. I find that at the aggregate level, a substantial, albeit time-lagged population response paired with a strong increase in female participation rates fully compensate for the loss of male jobs over the decades. As a consequence, the male-female employment gap shrinks over time. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 40 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54270 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5427 ET - No. 40 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Fries, Tilman T1 - Narrative Persuasion T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We study how one person may shape the way another person interprets objective information. They do this by proposing a sense-making explanation (or narrative). Using a theory-driven experiment, we investigate the mechanics of such narrative persuasion. Our results reveal several insights. First, narratives are persuasive: We find that they systematically shift beliefs. Second, narrative fit (coherence with the facts) is a key determinant of persuasiveness. Third, this fit-heuristic is anticipated by narrative-senders, who systematically tailor their narratives to the facts. Fourth, the features of a competing narrative predictably influence both narrative construction and adoption. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 39 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-54266 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5426 ET - No. 39 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kölle, Felix A1 - Quercia, Simone A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - Social Preferences under the Shadow of the Future N2 - Social interactions predominantly take place under the shadow of the future. Previous literature explains cooperation in indefinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma as predominantly driven by self-interested strategic considerations. This paper provides a causal test of the importance of social preferences for cooperation, varying the composition of interactions to be either homogeneous or heterogeneous in terms of these preferences. Through a series of pre-registered experiments (N = 1,074), we show that groups of prosocial individuals achieve substantially higher levels of cooperation. The cooperation gap between prosocial and selfish groups persists even when the shadow of the future is increased to make cooperation attractive for the selfish and when common knowledge about group composition is removed. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4506320 ET - CESifo Working Paper No. 10534 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Roth, Christopher A1 - Schwardmann, Peter A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - Depression Stigma N2 - Throughout history, people with mental illness have been discriminated against and stigmatized. Our experiment provides a new measure of perceived depression stigma and then investigates the causal effect of perceived stigma on help-seeking in a sample of 1,844 Americans suffering from depression. A large majority of our participants overestimate the extent of stigma associated with depression. In contrast to prior correlational evidence, lowering perceived social stigma through an information intervention leads to a reduction in the demand for psychotherapy. A mechanism experiment reveals that this information increases optimism about future mental health, thereby reducing the perceived need for therapy. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4772585 ET - CESifo Working Paper No. 11012 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Henningsen, Bernd T1 - Die Verwaltungssysteme T2 - Nordeuropa: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8487-8699-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748930914-253 SP - 253 EP - 261 PB - Nomos CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Stellungnahme zum Diskussionsvorschlag "Ein faires Unterhaltsrecht für Trennungsfamilien: Eckpunkte des Bundesministeriums der Justiz zur Modernisierung des Unterhaltsrechts" Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.bmfsfj.de/bmfsfj/ministerium/behoerden-beauftragte-beiraete-gremien/beirat-familienfragen PB - Wissenschaftlicher Beirat für Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Miraldo, Marisa A1 - Sassi, Franco A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed A1 - Simmons, Bryony A1 - Vrinten, Charlotte T1 - The development and market launch of orphan drugs from 1980 – 2019: a quantitative analysis Y1 - 2021 UR - https://download2.eurordis.org/rare2030/deliverables/D5.3%20R%26D%20and%20market%20launch%20of%20orphan%20drugs.pdf PB - Rare2030 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sharmam, Vaishnavi A1 - Shekar, Kamesh A1 - Rizvi, Kazim A1 - Ananth, Pavan A1 - Chhetri, Deepshika A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed T1 - Exchange of Knowledge Across the Lifecycle of Digital Health Initiatives: A Cooperative Knowledge Transfer Between India and the EU N2 - The European Union (“EU”) and India, two of the most significant jurisdictions in the world, are in the process of introducing transformative legal and policy instruments that seek to leverage digital technologies for health. On 15 August 2020, India unveiled its National Digital Health Mission policy - later rolled out as the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (“ABDM”) - that seeks to create an open, interoperable digital health ecosystem in the country, enabling various digital health systems to engage with each other and empower individuals to be in control of their health data. On the other hand, on 3rd May 2022, the EU released a proposal for a regulation for a European Health Data Space (“EHDS”) to address health-specific challenges to electronic health data access and sharing and create a common space where natural persons can easily control their electronic health data. However, considering these jurisdictions' geographical, cultural, and historical dispositions, various concerns emerge that may cause hindrance to these projects. While the EU has demonstrated its highlyadvanced approach towards policy-making in data-relevant domains, including health, India has showcased its efficiency and experience in scaling data systems and making them interoperable. Accordingly, this research paper highlights certain specific policy- and implementation-level concerns that both jurisdictions need to pay heed to while going ahead with their respective projects. Additionally, after studying the various digital healthcare ecosystems in these jurisdictions, the paper makes certain recommendations to work towards a seamless design, development, deployment, and operation of the frameworks. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://euindiathinktanks.in/2024/publications/a-cooperative-knowledge-transfer-between-india-and-the-eu-2/ PB - EU-India Think Tanks Twinning Initiative ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk ED - Arránz Becker, Oliver ED - Hank, Karsten ED - Steinbach, Anja T1 - Sozialstruktur und Familienformen T2 - Handbuch Familiensoziologie N2 - Dieser Beitrag gibt auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus einen Überblick über den Wandel der Familienformen in Deutschland. Es wird untersucht, inwieweit alleinerziehende, nichteheliche und eheliche Familien sozialstrukturell differenziert sind und in welchem Ausmaß sich die ökonomische Lebenslage der verschiedenen Familienformen unterscheidet. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-35218-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35219-6_26 SP - 657 EP - 674 PB - Springer VS CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - George, Gerard A1 - Ertug, Gokhan A1 - Bapuji, Hari A1 - Doh, Jonathan P. A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Prasad, Ajnesh T1 - COVID-19 and Management Scholarship: Lessons for Conducting Impactful Research JF - Business & Society N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity for management scholars to address large-scale and complex societal problems and strive for greater practical and policy impact. A brief overview of the most-cited work on COVID-19 reveals that, compared with their counterparts in other disciplines, leading management journals and professional associations lagged in providing a platform for high-impact research on COVID-19. To help management research play a more active role in responding to similar global challenges in the future, we propose an integrative framework that emphasizes a phenomenon’s impact, the conditions that the phenomenon creates at multiple levels, and the responses of actors to such conditions, as well as the dynamic relationships and interactions among these actors. By shifting attention to phenomena and their overall impact, this framework can help scholars better position their work to address large-scale and complex problems and also to assess research for its contribution to generate impact beyond academia. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503241237047 SN - 0007-6503 VL - 63 IS - 4 SP - 715 EP - 744 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asimovic, Nejla A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Samii, Cyrus T1 - Estimating the effect of intergroup contact over years: evidence from a youth program in Israel JF - Political Science Research and Methods N2 - We study how an intervention combining youth intergroup contact and sports affects intergroup relations in the context of an active conflict. We first conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of one-year program exposure in Israel. To track effects of a multiyear exposure, we then use machine-learning techniques to fuse the RCT with the observational data gathered on multiyear participants. This analytical approach can help overcome frequent limitations of RCTs, such as modest sample sizes and short observation periods. Our evidence cannot affirm a one-year effect on outgroup regard and ingroup regulation, although we estimate benefits of multiyear exposure among Jewish-Israeli youth, particularly boys. We discuss implications for interventions in contexts of active conflict and group status asymmetry. KW - civil/domestic conflict, ethnicity and nationalism, experimental research, field experiments, quantitative methods Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2024.8 SN - 2049-8470 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - van Aaken, Anne ED - d'Argent, Pierre ED - Mälksoo, Lauri ED - Vasel, Johann Justus T1 - Human Rights Ideas, Law, and Institutions in Europe T2 - The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Europe N2 - This chapter introduces the contribution of Europe to the development of human rights ideas, law, and institutions. In a spirit of ‘provincialising Europe’, it argues that Europe’s contributions to human rights are ambivalent and dynamic. The chapter first examines natural rights and rights of citizens as twin, but also potentially conflicting, developments in demarcating Europe’s contributions to human rights. Europe is historically a home of human rights ideas as well as strong critiques and double standards in the use of these ideas. The chapter then examines European contributions to the legalization of human rights with a focus on two institutional Europes: that of the Council of Europe and the European Union. Finally, the chapter reviews contemporary human rights debates, against the backdrop of authoritarianization in Europe on the one hand and demands for new human rights to tackle the climate crisis, and digitalization of modern societies on the other. KW - EU Law, International Law, Law Y1 - 2023 SN - 9780198865315 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198865315.013.8 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Durmuş, Betül A1 - Eskitaşçıoğlu, İlayda ED - Heyns, Christof ED - Viljoen, Frans Jacobus ED - Murray, Rachel T1 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level in Turkey T2 - The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level: Twenty Years On Y1 - 2024 SN - 9789004377653 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377653_021 SP - 1225 EP - 1272 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - Peters, Anne ED - Sparks, Tom T1 - Global Constitutionalism and the Individual T2 - The Individual in International Law: History and Theory Y1 - 2024 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-individual-in-international-law-9780198898917?cc=de&lang=en&# SN - 9780198898917 SP - 321 EP - 340 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Revisiting Europe’s ‘law-politics imbalance’ T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The aim of this chapter is to consider whether accusations of judicial activism towards the European Courts are rooted not in the activity of the CJEU per se but rather a wider ‘imbalance’ between law and politics in the present-day EU. Revisiting an earlier chapter, the chapter considers three sources of such an imbalance: the gap between the jurisdiction of the CJEU and the EU’s legislative competence; judicial reasoning at the EU level; and the imbalance in the EU between market and non-market objectives. While the chapter argues that the EU retains such an imbalance, recent developments, particularly the increasing dynamism of the EU legislature, have significantly narrowed the gap between the EU’s political and legal capacities in the last decade. As the chapter will conclude, the EU carries a less institutionally ‘lonely’ Court than in the past, providing the Union’s judiciary with greater leverage to temper activist claims. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00007 SP - 17 EP - 33 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - de Witte, Bruno A1 - Muir, Elise ED - Dawson, Mark ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Introduction: locating judicial politics T2 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - The Court inhabits a ‘political space’ to which it is called upon to respond. This points to its need to develop cooperative relationships not only with courts but also with political actors (such as national governments and the EU legislature) and even to directly address and explain decisions to EU citizens themselves. This book is aimed at answering the question of ‘How does the CJEU position itself as a political as well as a legal actor?’ with a view to better understanding the work of the Court and addressing its contestation. For that purpose, we explore in this introductory chapter what is meant by judicial ‘activism’ and judicial ‘politics’, before examining the different varieties of judicial politics our authors have shown an interest in. This will pave the way to drawing some lessons on the factors to take into account when seeking to address and respond to contestation of the work of the Court. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518.00006 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - GEN ED - Mark, Dawson ED - de Witte, Bruno ED - Muir, Elise T1 - Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union N2 - Addressing the tensions between the political and the legal dimension of European integration as well as intra-institutional dynamics, this insightful book navigates the complex topic of judicial politics. Providing an overview of key topics in the current debate and including an introductory chapter on different conceptions of judicial politics, experts in law and politics interrogate the broader political role of the European Court of Justice. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035313501 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035313518 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Limited ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dolan, Chris A1 - Tshimba, David N. T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Uganda N2 - Refugee influxes into Uganda are triggered by armed conflict, insurgencies, political persecution, and severe economic hardships. This study of refugee recognition analyses the norms, institutions, modes and quality of recognition processes, as well as quality of protection provided. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 10 KW - refugee recognition regime, Uganda, RSD, asylum, refugee rights Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53909 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5390 ET - No. 10 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Funke, Franziska A1 - Mattauch, Linus A1 - Douenne, Thomas A1 - Fabre, Adrien A1 - Stiglitz, Joseph E. T1 - Supporting carbon pricing when interest rates are higher T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - To accept carbon pricing, citizens desire viable alternatives to fossil-fuel based options. As inflation and higher interest rates have exacerbated access barriers for capital-intensive green substitutes, the political success of carbon pricing will be measured by how well policy design enables consumers to switch. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 38 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53889 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5388 ET - No. 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Leininger, Arndt A1 - Murr, Andreas E. T1 - Voters’ Expectations in Constituency Elections without Local Polls JF - Public Opinion Quarterly N2 - How do voters form accurate expectations about the strength of political candidates in constituency elections if there are no reliable constituency polls available? We argue that voters can use national election polls and past election results to increase the accuracy of their expectations. A survey experiment during the German federal election of 2021 confirms that the provision of national election polls and past results increases the accuracy of voters’ expectations. The analysis further shows that voters leverage the information to update their beliefs. The results have relevant implications for debates about belief formation in low-information environments. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfae015 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Bounded Rationality, Beliefs, and Behavior T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This chapter presents a microeconomic, behavioral perspective on bounded rationality and beliefs. It begins with an account of how research on belief biases, in particular via probabilistic belief elicitation, has become mainstream in economics only relatively recently and late, even in behavioral economics (aka “psychology and economics”). The chapter then offers a review of the decision-theoretic foundations of modeling and eliciting (subjective) beliefs as probabilities, as well as selected—both classic and recent—evidence on humans’ bounded rationality from related research in psychology and economics. In doing so, it connects the historical debates within decision theory, on the one hand, and within psychology, on the other, concerning the normative status of expected utility and Bayesianism, as well as its methodological implications. A conclusion draws lessons for the practice of belief elicitation and future research. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 37 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53637 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5363 ET - No. 37 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ostanina, Sascha A1 - Tardy, Thierry T1 - Turbo-charging the EU's defence industry and security posture N2 - The first-ever European Defence Industrial Strategy and its financial leg, the European Defence Industrial Programme, saw the light of day in March 2024. The strategy seeks to ameliorate deficiencies in EU defence readiness identified in light of the Russo-Ukrainian war. It offers an ambitious agenda and tailor-made incentives designed to encourage EU member states to invest more, better, together, and European. The Jacques Delors Institute’s Associate Research Fellow Thierry Tardy and the Jacques Delors Centre’s Security Policy Fellow Sascha Ostanina argue that the strategy is a good start to motivate European countries for more action in the defence sector. However, as long as the EU fails to take on a larger defence mandate via treaty change, the strategy success will hinge upon whether the member states, and their respective industrial defence sectors, will be willing to step up to the plate. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/turbo-charging-the-eus-defence-industry-and-security-posture ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Roth, Christopher A1 - Schwardmann, Peter A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - Misperceived Effectiveness and the Demand for Psychotherapy T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - While psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating depression, take-up remains low. In a sample of 1,843 depressed individuals, we document that effectiveness concerns are top-of-mind when respondents consider the value of therapy. We then show that the average respondent underestimates the effectiveness of therapy and that an information treatment correcting this misperception increases participants’ incentivized willingness to pay for therapy. Information affects therapy demand by changing beliefs rather than by shifting attention. Our results suggest that information interventions that target the perceived effectiveness of therapy are a potent tool in combating the ongoing mental health crisis. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 36 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53621 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5362 ET - No. 36 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Luo, Ting ED - Lynch, Daniel ED - Rosen, Stanley T1 - Xi Jinping’s Partnership with Technology Companies and Social Media Platforms T2 - Chinese Politics: The Xi Jinping Difference N2 - Contrary to conventional wisdom, even Xi Jinping, who is often depicted in the media and pundit world as having centralized control over nearly every dimension of Chinese governance, still must rely on powerful technology corporations to carry out his will in the increasingly important Internet sector. This suggests a model of political control significantly more nuanced than most observers realize. This chapter argues that Xi Jinping does not rule the Internet and more specifically social media via a tight command-and-control structure, which implies that he is the ultimate decision-maker and companies simply implement his policy decisions. Instead, the chapter demonstrates based on process-tracing that China’s governance of the Internet is best understood as a corporate management model, whereby the Chinese state engages in a partnership with technology companies. Xi Jinping assumes a leadership role enforced by state instruments of control and cooptation strategies. At the same time, the state remains dependent on companies due to their informational, organizational, and institutional resources. KW - China Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781032191522 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003257943-5 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlecht, Ingmar A1 - Maurer, Christoph A1 - Hirth, Lion T1 - Financial contracts for differences: The problems with conventional CfDs in electricity markets and how forward contracts can help solve them JF - Energy Policy N2 - Contracts for differences are widely seen as a cornerstone of Europe's future electricity market design. This paper is about designing such contracts. We identify the dispatch and investment distortions that conventional CfDs cause, the patches used to overcome these shortcomings, and the problems these fixes introduce. We then propose an alternative contract we call “financial” CfD. This hybrid between conventional CfDs and forward contracts mitigates revenue risk to a substantial degree while providing undistorted incentives. Like conventional CfDs, it is long-term and tailored to technology-specific (wind, solar, nuclear) generation patterns but, like forwards, decouples payments from actual generation. The proposed contract mitigates volume risk and avoids margin calls by accepting physical assets as collateral. KW - Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law KW - General Energy Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.113981 VL - 186 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Napoli, Claudia di A1 - Green, Carole A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Walawender, Maria A1 - Ali, Zakari A1 - Ameli, Nadia A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Beggs, Paul J A1 - Belesova, Kristine A1 - Berrang Ford, Lea A1 - Bowen, Kathryn A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Chambers, Jonathan A1 - Cross, Troy J A1 - van Daalen, Kim R A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Dominguez-Salas, Paula A1 - Dubrow, Robert A1 - Ebi, Kristie L A1 - Eckelman, Matthew A1 - Ekins, Paul A1 - Freyberg, Chris A1 - Gasparyan, Olga A1 - Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana A1 - Graham, Hilary A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Heidecke, Julian A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Jamart, Louis A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Kouznetsov, Rostislav A1 - Larosa, Francesca A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Liu, Yang A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Lott, Melissa A1 - Lotto Batista, Martín A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - Odhiambo Sewe, Maquins A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan C A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Momen, Natalie C A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Neville, Tara A1 - Nilsson, Maria A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - O'Hare, Megan B A1 - Oliveira, Camile A1 - Oreszczyn, Tadj A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia A1 - Pega, Frank A1 - Pershing, Andrew A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Rickman, Jamie A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth J Z A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Silbert, Grant A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stowell, Jennifer D A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Thompson, Ross A1 - Tonne, Cathryn A1 - Treskova, Marina A1 - Trinanes, Joaquin A A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Warnecke, Laura A1 - Whitcombe, Hannah A1 - Winning, Matthew A1 - Wyns, Arthur A1 - Yglesias-González, Marisol A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Zhang, Ying A1 - Zhu, Qiao A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01859-7 VL - 402 IS - 10419 SP - 2346 EP - 2394 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian A1 - Watteler, Oliver A1 - Breuer, Johannes A1 - Batzdorfer, Veronika A1 - Eder, Christina A1 - Wiltshire, Deborah A A1 - Barberá, Pablo A1 - Guess, Andrew Markus A1 - Yang, JungHwan T1 - Publishing Combined Web Tracking and Survey Data N2 - Combined survey and web tracking data have great potential for social-scientific research. They allow linking information on online behavior with data on reported offline behavior, opinions, and attitudes. At the same time, ethical, legal, and technical challenges make it difficult to disseminate linked web tracking data to the scientific community. This whitepaper aims to address these challenges by providing guidance for researchers and archivists, discussing legal, practical, and ethical aspects, disclosure risks, and establishing a framework for publishing web tracking data. Recommendations for best practices are also provided based on experiences from a research project funded by the German Consortium for the Social, Behavioural, Educational and Economic Sciences. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/y4v8z PB - Center for Open Science ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palmié, Maximilian A1 - Miehé, Lucas A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Wincent, Joakim T1 - Valuation entrepreneurship through product-design and blame-avoidance strategies: How Tesla managed to change the public perception of sustainable innovations JF - Journal of Product Innovation Management N2 - Developing innovative, eco-friendlier products that gain traction in the mass market remains a persistent challenge for many firms. To bring consumers to choose “greener” alternatives over conventional products, firms need to overcome prevailing product evaluations that favor traditional solutions. Research on valuation entrepreneurship examines the strategies that actors apply to induce changes in established evaluations. Adding to the emerging literature on valuation entrepreneurship, our study analyzes how the car maker Tesla, Inc. used product design—material artifacts' properties of form and function—to advance the public perception of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). When Tesla entered the market, several firms had tried to promote BEVs as a way of making private mobility more environmentally friendly, but with limited success. In contrast, Tesla produced well-received BEVs that generated enormous consumer interest and led to a more favorable assessment of BEVs as a whole. Drawing on 54 interviews and nearly 2000 pages of archival data, our abductive study identifies three product design strategies that increased the appeal of Tesla's initial models: (1) incorporating discontinuous technological solutions; (2) optimizing the products on traditional evaluation criteria (e.g., driving performance, comfort, space, status); and (3) creating an ecosystem of complementary products. Since some design choices came at the expense of a minimal environmental footprint, they risked attracting blame for compromising on the environmental performance of potentially eco-friendly cars and for committing “greenwashing.” To minimize this risk, Tesla complemented its design strategies by employing three strategies of reputational politics to avoid such blame. After Tesla's initial, lavish models had improved the public perception of electric cars, Tesla and other car makers were able to sell less excessive and more sustainable BEVs in much greater quantities than ever before. Our findings contribute to three literature streams and generate valuable insights for management practice. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12732 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Leichthammer, Arthur T1 - Navigating the Geoeconomic Tide: The Commission’s quest for a policy compass N2 - In 2019, Ursula von der Leyen promised a geopolitical Commission. Back then, the proclamation was largely derided as empty rhetoric. However, in recent years, a dizzying number of geoeconomic initiatives have come from Brussels, revising and tweaking existing tools and measures, developing new instruments, and announcing a grand new European Economic Security Strategy. This policy brief examines the progress made and outlines the key challenges for the next Commission. While the current Commission expanded the EU‘s geoeconomic toolbox, the incoming Commission must prioritise harmonisation to prevent fragmentation, allocate substantial funds to enhance resilience, and streamline institutional processes to facilitate coherent policymaking at a European level. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/navigating-the-geoeconomic-tide ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Parker, Simon T1 - The Temporal Structuring of Corporate Sustainability JF - Journal of Business Ethics N2 - Research on corporate sustainability has started to acknowledge the role of temporality in creating more sustainable organizations. Yet, these advances tend to treat firms as monolithic and we have little understanding of how different temporal patterns throughout an organization shape perceptions of and actions toward sustainability. Building on studies highlighting how the temporal structures of work shape employee engagement with different organizational processes and issues, we seek to answer: How does the temporality of work practices structure perceptions of corporate sustainability throughout the firm? Using data from an ethnography of a small European sustainable bank, we provide an account of the variety of ways in which employees in different departments perceive the bank and how they engage with sustainability. We then go on to show how the temporal structures of work practices within different departments help explain some divergence in perceptions of sustainability. Our study highlights the variegation of temporal structures in organizational processes of meaning-making and its role for a better understanding of the efforts to make corporations more sustainable. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-024-05648-5 SN - 0167-4544 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Weil, Kilian T1 - Social partners in the green transition of the EU JF - Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung N2 - Der Beitrag untersucht die Rolle der Sozialpartnerschaft zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasemissionen in Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union. Einerseits können die Sozialpartner dazu beitragen den Übergang zu niedrigeren Emissionen zu erleichtern, indem sie mit den betroffenen Arbeitnehmern über die Kosten und den Nutzen von Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Klimawandels verhandeln. Andererseits ist die Sozialpartnerschaft in Sektoren mit hohen Emissionen stärker ausgeprägt. Das könnte dazu führen, dass Sozialpartner versuchen, die Geschwindigkeit zur Reduzierung emissionsintensiver Produktionsprozesse zu verringern. Wir verwenden Daten aus der europäischen Verdienststrukturerhebung, Structure of Earnings Survey, um die Beziehung zwischen Tarifbindung, gewerkschaftlicher Organisation, Löhnen und Industrieemissionen in den EU-Mitgliedstaaten zu untersuchen. Wir finden, dass Sektoren mit hohen Emissionen höhere Gewinne, Löhne und geringere Lohnungleichheit aufweisen. Berufe mit hohen Emissionen sind hingegen nicht besser bezahlt. Gleichzeitig gibt es deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union. Abschließend erörtern wir, wie die Sozialpartnerschaft mit dem Dilemma umgeht, in den stark fossilen Industrien verwurzelt zu sein und gleichzeitig den Wandel zu verhandeln. N2 - The paper explores the role of social partnership for facilitating processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. Social partnership can help to facilitate the transition to lower emissions by negotiating the costs and benefits of climate reducing policies with the workers affected. At the same time, social partnership is stronger in sectors, which have high emissions and might be tempted to reduce the speed of phasing out high emission production processes. The paper uses data from the Structure of Earnings Survey to examine the relationship between bargaining coverage, unionization, wages and industry emissions in EU member states. It analyses these relationships in the context of different growth trajectories towards the knowledge economy. It finds that high-emitting industries tend to have higher profits, wages and lower wage inequality than others. Brown jobs, however, are not better jobs, but benefit from collective bargaining. At the same time, there are significant differences between the member states of the European Union. The paper concludes by discussing how social partnership deals with the dilemma of being rooted in fossil fuel industries while negotiating change. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3790/vjh.2023.334383 VL - 92 IS - 4 SP - 15 EP - 34 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Gehrig, Stefan A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment N2 - This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 35 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53610 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5361 ET - No. 35 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mack, Sebastian T1 - Handle with care – How Europe can reap the benefits of securitisation N2 - Provided it is sufficiently regulated, securitisation can help to fund the economy and share risks within the monetary union. Securitisation combines the advantages of banks in lending and of financial markets in financing. However, a lack of standardisation and legal harmonisation currently prevents the EU from reaping the benefits of this instrument. Weakening the prudential framework will not create a truly European market but may pose new risks to financial stability. Instead, this Policy Brief argues that to scale up securitisation, overcoming the fragmentation in national contract and insolvency laws in the longer term will be key. In the meantime, the European Commission should cut unnecessary red tape and establish an EU-wide standardised securitisation product tailored to an asset class that shows sustainable growth potential. Renovation loans are a promising option. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/handle-with-care-securitisation ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian A1 - Barron, Kai A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Gehrig, Stefan T1 - Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 35 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53592 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers UR - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5361 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5359 N1 - This document has been replaced due to an error on the cover page. The new document is available at the following link: https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5361 ET - No. 35 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Joerges, Christian T1 - Transnational Constitutionalism – Conflicts‐Law Constitutionalism – Economic Constitutionalism: The Exemplary Case of the European Union N2 - Transnational Constitutionalism is a sociological given and a legal challenge. We observe the emergence of ever more legally-framed transnational arrangements with ever more power and impact. Does this kind of rule ‘deserve recognition’? Is it at all conceivable that the proprium of law can be defended against the rise of its informal competitors? This essay opts for a third way which neither listens to the siren songs on law beyond the state nor to the defences of nation-state constitutionalism as the monopolist of legitimate rule. The alternative submitted suggests that transnational legal ordering of the EU should build upon its re-conceptualisation as a ‘three-dimensional conflicts-law’ with a democracy-enhancing potential. This re-construction operationalises the ‘united in diversity’ motto of the Draft Constitutional Treaty of 2004. It preserves essential accomplishments of Europe’s constitutional democracies. It provides for co-operative problem-solving of transnational regulatory tasks, and it retains supervisory powers over national and transnational arrangements of private governance. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53574 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5357 N1 - This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Joerges C. Transnational constitutionalism – conflicts‐law constitutionalism – economic constitutionalism: the exemplary case of the European Union. Journal of Law and Society. 2023; 50(Suppl. 1): S81–S97., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12438. This article may be used for non‐commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self‐Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Governing society with flexible AI JF - Science N2 - Policy that prioritizes human agency is possible, even in an age of artificial intelligence Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn6814 SN - 0036-8075 VL - 383 IS - 6688 SP - 1185 EP - 1185 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bulutay, Muhammed T1 - Better than Perceived? Correcting Misperceptions about Central Bank Inflation Forecasts T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - How do households perceive the forecasting performance of the central bank? Using two novel experiments embedded in the Bundesbank's Survey on Consumer Expectations (total $N=9500$), this article shows that the majority of German households underestimate the ECB's inflation forecasting accuracy. In particular, they believe that the ECB is overly optimistic. Communication that challenges these perceptions improves the anchoring of inflation expectations, reduces inflation uncertainty and discourages consumption of durable goods. Treated households also report higher trust in the ECB, perceive the ECB's inflation target as more credible, the ECB's communication as more honest, and the ECB's policy as more beneficial to them. Finally, the causal effect of central bank trust on inflation expectations is quantified using instruments to deal with endogeneity. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 34 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53554 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5355 ET - No. 34 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mellmann, Heinrich A1 - Arbuzova, Polina A1 - Kontogiorgos, Dimosthenis A1 - Yordanova, Magdalena A1 - Haensel, Jennifer X. A1 - Hafner, Verena V. A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Effects of Transparency in Humanoid Robots - A Pilot Study T2 - Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction N2 - Transparency is recognized as a vital feature for understanding and predicting robot behavior. Another feature that affects interaction with robots is their anthropomorphism. The relationship between these remains under-explored but is postulated to be negative. We present a pilot study investigating the effects of robot transparency in human-robot interactions, where the robot has an anthropomorphic appearance. We asked participants to evaluate and interact with the humanoid robot Pepper to examine whether visualizing the robot's goals and behavior affects perceived intelligence, anthropomorphism, and robot agency. Our preliminary findings suggest that users may attribute higher ratings of agency when interacting with a robot visualizing its goals. In this late-breaking report, we propose our experiment on the interplay between transparency and anthropomorphism in human-robot interaction and summarize insights from our preliminary pilot study. Y1 - 2024 SN - 9798400703232 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640613 SP - 750 EP - 754 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York, NY, USA ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sherwood, Angela A1 - Costello, Cathryn A1 - McDonnell, Emilie T1 - The Displacement Regime Complex: Reform for Protection N2 - This working paper aims to examine the ‘displacement regime complex’, displacement referring to both internally and externally displaced persons, taking into account the competing roles of UNHCR and IOM in both spheres of activity. The title of the paper ‘Reform for protection’, aims to outline institutional reforms that aim to increase protection for the displaced, informed by binding universal human rights standards, and institutional principles relating to accountability and participation of most affected populations. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 09 KW - IOM KW - Displacement KW - International Protection KW - UNHCR KW - Refugee Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53209 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5320 ET - No. 09 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lambert, Laura T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Niger (in French) T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 08a KW - refugee recognition regime, Niger, RSD, asylum, refugee rights Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52508 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5250 N1 - This is the French translation of the original English report which is also available on RefMig website. ET - No. 08 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lambert, Laura T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Niger N2 - This report explores the refugee recognition regime in Niger. Quantitatively, Niger is the most important transit and refugee host country in West Africa. Niger is also at the forefront of debates on migration management in the region, as it is presented by International Organisations and states of the Global North as an alternative destination to the limited refugee protection in Libya and North Africa. Against the background of a relative dearth of literature on refugee recognition regimes (RRR) in (West) Africa and generally the Global South, this study draws on ethnographic field research and desk research to analyse the norms, institutions, modes of recognition, quality of recognition processes and of protection in Niger. This report’s research was completed in July 2021 and except a few data points, does not include any developments thereafter. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 08 KW - refugee recognition regime, Niger, RSD, asylum, refugee rights Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52495 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5249 N1 - The report is also available in French at the same web address. ET - No. 08 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Abou-Chadi, Tarik A1 - Jansen, Jannik A1 - Kollberg, Markus A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - Debunking the Backlash - Uncovering European Voters' Climate Preferences N2 - The notion of a broad green backlash is set to dominate this year's European election campaign. Based on new survey data from more than 15.000 respondents in Germany, France and Poland, we show that it is largely overblown. A majority of voters still wish for a more ambitious climate policy and would support a raft of concrete measures to bring down emissions. However, supporting pivotal voters in the middle will require a stronger focus on green investment and industrial policy and offsetting measures for effective but unpopular policies like carbon pricing. Parties should not waste the coming months outbidding each other over how to cater to imagined climate fatigue but compete over concrete recipes to green the economy. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/debunking-the-backlash-uncovering-european-voters-climate-preferences ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hagen, Achim A1 - Kollenbach, Gilbert T1 - The Political Economy of Stranded Assets: Climate Policies, Investments and the Role of Elections T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We study the interaction of climate policies and investments into fossil and renewable energy generation capacity if policies are set by democratically elected governments and can lead to stranded assets. We develop an overlapping generations model, where elections determine carbon taxation and green investment subsidies, and individuals make investments into fossil and renewable capacity. We find that some fossil investments become stranded assets, if the party offering the higher carbon tax is unexpectedly elected. In contrast, if the individuals have perfect foresight, there are no stranded assets, climate damages are fixed and carbon taxation only serves redistributive purposes. Then, there is either no or prohibitive carbon taxation and energy generation completely relies on renewables in the latter case. Green investment subsidies can be used by governments to bind the hands of their successor. If the party representing the young generation is in power, it can use a high subsidy to reduce or even avoid potentially stranded assets in the next period. With endogenous reelection probability, we show that this party can also use investment subsidies strategically to influence the elections. The party that represents the old generation abstains from both types of climate policies to avoid a redistribution of income towards the young generation. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 33 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53485 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5348 ET - No. 33 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - Chasing Shadows: What the Net Zero Industry Act Teaches Us About EU Industrial Policy N2 - The Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA) was touted as the EU‘s big response to the US Inflation Reduction Act. After a year of negotiations, it will finally hit the legislative books. In his policy position, Nils Redeker analyses what has become of the EU‘s green industrial policy ambitions, what the NZIA teaches us about Europe‘s role in the clean tech race, and what the next Commission needs to do to formulate a constructive answer to the global return of industrial policy. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/chasing-shadows-what-the-net-zero-industry-act-teaches-us-about-eu-industrial-policy ER - TY - THES A1 - Stoll, Julius T1 - Three Essays in Applied Microeconomics: A Microeconomic Study of Snacks, Beer, and Real Estate Agents N2 - This dissertation comprises three essays. Although their titles make clear their self-contained nature, all essays share a common motivation: to combine economic theory with modern tools of causal inference to understand applied problems. The first chapter studies honesty when the costs to behave honestly change. Using field data from a snack delivery company that employs an honesty payment system, the chapter presents an event study to analyze how price increases affect pay rates. The honesty payment system expects customers to pay a listed price for each consumed snack. This allows me to measure honesty with the pay rate that compares consumption to payments. The results, which draw on deliveries from several thousand firms, show that price increases that make honest behavior more costly cause more cheating. Price increases of 15% trigger a fall in pay rates of 11%. The second chapter studies a recent legal reform in Germany, which aims to lower commission rates of real estate agents by raising the cost salience of sellers. I find that the reform has backfired and real estate agents have exploited the transition to increase their commission rates. The findings document that in some regions real estate agents increase their commission by up to 2 percentage points, adding over e6,000 in transaction cost to the average home sale. As explicit collusion is unlikely in this setting, I argue that this arbitrary increase points to seller ignorance instead. To verify if and why sellers fail to induce price competition, I run a pre-registered survey experiment with 1,062 real estate agents. Although commission rates should be negotiated independently for each sale, the survey confirms that 85% of sellers do not attempt to negotiate lower commission rates. The randomized experimental questions suggest that real estate agents may cater to the low willingness of sellers to negotiate by providing misleading reference commission rates and shrouding the economic incidence for sellers. The third chapter is co-authored with Christian Traxler and Carsten Burhop and examines the causal effect of beer on crime based on unique panel data from Germany between 1882 and 1913. Using exogenous variation in the yield of spring barley, a key input in beer production, we identify a quantitatively and qualitatively significant effect of beer on violent crimes. This effect is mainly driven by a positive effect on assaults, where our findings suggest that a 1% increase in beer production raises assault rates by the same percentage. These findings are corroborated using a complementary empirical design that exploits a brewing tax reform in Prussia. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 03/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-53268 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5326 N1 - List of publications Stoll, J. (2022). The cost of honesty: Field evidence. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 101, 101943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2022.101943 Stoll, J. (2023). How not to reduce commission rates of real estate agents: Evidence from Germany. Berlin School of Economics (Discussion Paper No. 26). https://doi.org/10.48462/OPUS4-5077 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D003 + 2024D003+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Flying blind? Why EU administrations need better data and analytical capacities N2 - To achieve some recent EU priorities, such as boosting clean tech manufacturing, reducing energy prices, or strengthening economic resilience, policy makers are intervening more actively in the economy. Getting these types of policies right requires a thorough understanding of the respective business environment, technologies, and market developments. This policy brief argues that the EU level lacks the data and the analytic capacities that are needed to achieve this understanding. The next EU Commission should address these shortcomings by collecting more data in the narrow areas subject to vertical government intervention, by improving how data gets collected, and by dedicating more staff to data-driven analyses. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/flying-blind-why-eu-administrations-need-better-data-and-analytical-capacities ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koranyi, Kinga T1 - Power of the weak? Framing strategies in fiscal redistribution negotiations JF - Regional & Federal Studies N2 - In fiscal redistribution negotiations, fiscally weaker sub-units aim to secure more funding but are disempowered by their dependency and lack of bargaining chips. What kind of negotiation strategies do fiscally weak actors rely on to maximize their bargaining positions in redistributive negotiations? The article puts forward a novel strategy of discursive framing whereby relatively powerless actors can reach successful agreements. Two strategies of framing, communitarian and coercive, are observed inductively through a comparative case study analysis of two instances of sub-federal redistribution negotiations in Canada. The findings reveal that ‘more is not always better’: more publicity and aggression can backfire, while communitarian strategies grounded in normative argumentation can prove effective despite their non-confrontational nature. Even a mixed communitarian-coercive strategy can prove effective given that sub-units remain consistent with their initial objectives and apply pressure incrementally. The lessons learned from these Canadian cases have broader implications for studying the dynamics of redistributive negotiations globally. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2023.2295407 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Human Experience and AI Regulation: What European Union Law Brings to Digital Technology Ethics JF - Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society N2 - Although nearly all artificial intelligence (AI) regulatory documents now reference the importance of human-centering digital systems, we frequently see AI ethics itself reduced to limited concerns, such as bias and, sometimes, power consumption. Although their impacts on human lives and our ecosystem render both of these absolutely critical, the ethical and regulatory challenges and obligations relating to AI do not stop there. Joseph Weizenbaum described the potential abuse of intelligent systems to make inhuman cruelty and acts of war more emotionally accessible to human operators. But more than this, he highlighted the need to solve the social issues that facilitate violent acts of war, and the immense potential the use of computers offers in this context. The present article reviews how the EU’s digital regulatory legislation—well enforced—could help us address such concerns. I begin by reviewing why the EU leads in this area, considering the legitimacy of its actions both regionally and globally. I then review the legislation already protecting us—the General Data Protection Regulation, the Digital Services Act, and the Digital Markets Act—and consider their roles in achieving Weizenbaum’s goals. Finally, I consider the almost-promulgated AI Act before concluding with a brief discussion of the potential for future enforcement and global regulatory cooperation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34669/WI.WJDS/3.3.8 SN - 2748-5625 VL - 3 IS - 3 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cingolani, Luciana T1 - Diversity in the public administration: a Multidimensional Index of Bureaucratic Underrepresentation N2 - This dataset presents a novel an index for measuring diversity in the public administration in 37 European countries between 2008 and 2018, accounting for gender, age, nationality, ethnicity and disability. (2022-08-24) KW - Public Administration, Diversity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IEPHLG N1 - Data repository: Harvard Dataverse ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Di Carlo, Donato A1 - Höpner, Martin T1 - The return of inflation and three meanings of wage restraint T2 - LSE Blog EUROPP N2 - The sharp increase in inflation across Europe over the last two years has led to calls from some actors for a policy of wage restraint to prevent a vicious circle of price rises. Yet as Martin Höpner, Anke Hassel and Donato Di Carlo write, the fact that “wage restraint” can be understood in multiple different ways has created confusion about the link between wages and prices. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2023/10/16/the-return-of-inflation-and-three-meanings-of-wage-restraint/ UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000D-CE05-6 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Di Carlo, Donato A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Höpner, Martin T1 - Germany’s coordinated policy response to the energy crisis: shielding the export-led model at all costs T2 - LUHNIP Working Paper Series N2 - Executive Summary: ▪ The German government has taken decisive actions in response to the dual economic shocks linked to the Covid-19 pandemic and Russian gas supplies’ cut-off – with the main objective of protecting its export-oriented industrial economy. ▪ By engaging in "competitive corporatism," the coalitional government has worked closely with the social partners – especially representatives from the chemical and metalworking-engineering export sectors – to restore domestic firms’ cost competitiveness while providing social compensation to vulnerable households and individuals. ▪ The government's concerted threefold strategy to uphold the export-led growth regime includes: (1) measures aimed at reducing firms’ energy costs; (2) in/direct measures aimed at controlling the rise of labour costs to prevent a wage-price spiral; (3) substantial state aid provided to ailing firms. ▪ The scope of state intervention in Germany's economy is unparalleled, entailing significant fiscal outlays for protective measures, made possible by Germany’s advantageous sovereign refinancing capacity. Germany’s economic activism risks jeopardising the EU single market due to extensive state aid, especially since Germany resists joint fiscal resource pooling for EU-wide industrial policy. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://leap.luiss.it/publication-research/publications/d-di-carlo-a-hassel-m-hopner-germanys-coordinated-policy-response-to-the-energy-crisis-shielding-the-export-led-model-at-all-costs/ PB - Luiss Institute for European Analysis and Policy CY - Rome ET - 1/2023 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. T1 - Repression in the Digital Age: Surveillance, Censorship, and the Dynamics of State Violence Y1 - 2024 SN - 9780197743577 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cingolani, Luciana A1 - Salazar-Morales, Diego T1 - The role of public workforce diversity and the administrative ecosystem in advancing digital public service innovation JF - Public Management Review N2 - Organizational studies have long built a ‘business case’ for diversity, which today includes innovation capacity among the benefits of diverse workforces. Diversity’s impact on innovation has been tested in private firms, yet few systematic studies exist in public management. We address this challenge using a two-step dynamic panel data analysis via generalized methods of moment estimation in 36 European countries. The findings confirm that higher public workforce diversity leads to higher public service innovation. This effect, however, is mediated by the administrative ecosystem, where greater uniformity in managerial practices makes diversity more salient, an obstacle to unleash its innovative potential. KW - Public sector innovation, digital services, diversity management, representative bureaucracies, social categorization Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2024.2303609 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Tiedemann, Silvana A1 - Stiewe, Clemens A1 - Kratzke, Corinna A1 - Hirth, Lion A1 - Jentsch, Mareike A1 - Damm, Nicolai A1 - Gerhardt, Norman A1 - Pape, Carsten T1 - Gebotszonenteilung: Auswirkungen auf den Marktwert der Erneuerbaren Energien im Jahr 2030 N2 - Eine Teilung des deutschen Marktgebietes würde die Marktwerte erneuerbarer Energien beeinflussen. Wind und Photovoltaik (PV) im Süden Deutschlands würden an Wert gewinnen, während Erneuerbare im Norden Erlöse einbüßen würden. Bei einer auch zukünftig stärkeren Konzentration von erneuerbaren Energien im Norden bedeutet dies insgesamt einen höheren Förderbedarf für PV – Wind wäre trotz niedriger Marktwerte in den meisten Regionen wirtschaftlich. Wenn eine regionale Steuerung erreicht werden soll, müsste die auszuzahlende Förderung für neue PV-Anlagen anhand des zonenübergreifenden Referenzmarktwertes berechnet werden. Durchschnittliche Börsenstrompreise würden durch eine Gebotszonenteilung im Süden Deutschlands leicht angehoben und im Norden gesenkt, die Effekte auf Endkundenpreise und damit verbundene Anreize zur Standortwahl von Industrieunternehmen sind allerdings als gering einzuschätzen. KW - ARIADNE Y1 - 2024 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/gebotszonenteilung-auswirkungen-auf-den-marktwert-der-erneuerbaren-energien-im-jahr-2030/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.48485/pik.2024.002 PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goette, Lorenz A1 - Tripodi, Egon T1 - The limits of social recognition: Experimental evidence from blood donors JF - Journal of Public Economics N2 - Does social recognition motivate prosocial individuals? We run large-scale experiments at Italy’s main blood donors association, evaluating social recognition through social media and peer groups against a simple ask to donate. Across several studies, we find that the simple ask is at least as effective as offering social recognition. In a survey experiment with blood donors we show that socially recognized donations signal not only altruism but also image-seeking. This can lead to social recognition being less effective, or even counterproductive, when offered to those who are already perceived as good citizens. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105069 VL - 231 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Pieth, Mark ED - Søreide, Tina T1 - Political Science JF - Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Corruption Law N2 - Presenting the broad spectrum of interdisciplinary academic research on corruption, this essential reference book examines anti-corruption legislation, governance mechanisms, international instruments, and other preventative measures intended to tackle corruption. Including over 100 entries and adopting a comprehensive approach to researching and combating corruption, this Encyclopedia covers the key ideas, concepts, and theories in corruption law. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781802206487 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802206494.00095 SP - 362 EP - 366 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Darius, Philipp T1 - Politicians don’t dance? AI doesn’t either!: A discussion of generative AI and political campaigning T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2023 UR - https://verfassungsblog.de/politicians-dont-dance-ai-doesnt-either/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.17176/20230630-231152-0 IS - 2023/6/30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Open social innovation: taking stock and moving forward JF - Industry and Innovation N2 - Open forms of organising innovation bear great potential to address societal challenges, such as the climate crisis. Existing approaches to open social innovation (OSI) draw on a corporate and organisation- centric open innovation model as a blueprint for addressing social and ecological problems. However, such problems are ‘wicked’ and ‘com-plex’ in nature and thus require concerted efforts from a diverse set of stakeholders, including businesses, government agencies, non-profits and communities. Based on a review of the open-, user- and social- innovation literature, this essay traces the evolution from an organisa-tion-centric view (OSI 1.0) to a multi-stakeholder, cross- sectoral perspective (OSI 2.0). More specifically, we understand OSI as a concerted effort undertaken by multiple stakeholders from various sectors throughout the social innovation process, from diagnosing societal challenges, to developing ideas for how to solve problems, creating solutions, effectively scaling solutions and generating impact. We sharpen the terminology for OSI 2.0 and specify design dimensions for the effective orchestration of collaboration and coordination, and outline key areas for future research. Our objective is to foster dialogue between open- and user-innovation and social-innovation research. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2023.2271863 VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 130 EP - 157 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flonk, Daniëlle A1 - Jachtenfuchs, Markus A1 - Obendiek, Anke T1 - Controlling internet content in the EU: towards digital sovereignty JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - We analyse the rhetoric and reality of EU digital sovereignty by looking at content control. The control of online content is central to sovereignty because it relates to fundamental freedoms and democratic competition. Our main data source is the unique International Organizations in Global Internet Governance (IO-GIG) dataset which contains internet policy output documents across international institutions and issue areas between 1995 and 2021. By assessing policy output, we show structural trends in content control output in volume, bindingness, and orientation. By analysing policy discourse, we show the evolution of frames on content control over time. We find evidence for a comprehensive but still ongoing trend towards digital sovereignty in policy output and a shift from prioritising free access to the public order in discourse. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2024.2309179 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn A1 - Dawson, Mark A1 - Zglinski, Jan T1 - Revisiting the asymmetry thesis: negative and positive integration in the EU JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - The ‘asymmetry thesis’, articulated by Fritz Scharpf, holds that EU governance is characterised by an asymmetry between positive and negative integration. The EU has well-developed capacities for negative integration but only limited capacities for positive integration. The present paper challenges the orthodoxy that this thesis has become in EU law and political science scholarship. It argues that the asymmetry thesis no longer accurately depicts European integration, revisiting its key legal and institutional assumptions. Taking the internal market as the most likely case to test the thesis, we show that negative integration has become weaker, positive integration has gained in strength, and both developments have had an impact on the substance of EU law and policymaking, which is promoting non-economic concerns and market-correcting policies to a greater extent than it used to. These shifts, so we contend, could be even more pronounced in other areas of European integration. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2296940 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Raffer, Christian T1 - Shifts in local governments’ corporatization intensity: Evidence from German cities JF - Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory N2 - Why do local governments create and reform public service companies, given their uncertain economic benefits and potential damage to accountability and service transparency? Taking an extended transaction cost perspective, we argue that corporatization—the provision of public services by publicly owned companies—is a function of fiscal hardship, the decision maker’s economic orientation and the level of operator transparency. Using a two-way fixed effects regression, we test this expectation on 680 investment reports of 34 German cities from 1998 to 2017, representing 11,062 year-corporatized entity combinations. We show that the drivers of corporatization are sensitive to the depth of local ownership analyzed. In doing so, we highlight the theoretical need and potential for conceptual differentiation between ownership levels along a corporation’s lineage. Exploiting the data’s panel structure, we also find that the intensity of corporatization has heightened since the late 1990s, largely due to increasingly complex corporate structures of indirect ownership. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muae001 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rock, Brianna T1 - Merger intervention rates in the EU N2 - An ideological shift in the European competition policy in early 2000s inspired by the US Chicago School of economics led to new rules adopted in 2004. The implementation of the new rules was accompanied by lower intervention rates on average. This period has become problematic as it has coincided with large digital mergers that paved the way for the dominance of Big Tech companies. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.hertie-school.org/en/digital-governance/research/student-working-paper-series/merger-intervention-rates-in-the-eu ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elston, Thomas A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Bel, Germà T1 - Going separate ways: ex-post interdependence and the dissolution of collaborative relations JF - International Public Management Journal N2 - Interdependence is typically regarded as the cause of inter-organizational collaboration. But it is also a consequence. Collaboration itself creates new interdependence as partners become more entwined in one another’s operations and experience the vetoes, compromises, delays, and risks inherent in joint working. This paradox – mitigating one set of interdependencies by creating another – renders collaborative relations inherently unstable. Dissolution may occur if “ex-post” interdependence becomes more troublesome than the original “ex-ante” trigger for the partnership. We test this proposition through comparative analysis of 13 sustained, aborted, and dissolved inter-municipal cooperations in English local government. Ex-post interdependence was most pronounced in those partnerships that ended in dissolution, and informed the design of replacement arrangements. It was also a contributory factor in the abortive cases. But ex-post interdependence was minimized in the group of sustained collaborations by management actions that streamlined the coordination burden imposed by joint working. These findings have implications for partnership design, the collaborator’s skillset, and theories of collaborative public management. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2023.2271468 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Özcelik, Melisa T1 - Political innovation: Prevention is better than cure JF - Alliance Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.alliancemagazine.org/feature/political-innovation-prevention-is-better-than-cure/ VL - 28 IS - 4 SP - 54 EP - 56 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leng, Yan A1 - Dimmery, Drew T1 - Calibration of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments JF - Information Systems Research N2 - Machine learning is commonly used to estimate the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) in randomized experiments. Using large-scale randomized experiments on the Facebook and Criteo platforms, we observe substantial discrepancies between machine learning-based treatment effect estimates and difference-in-means estimates directly from the randomized experiment. This paper provides a two-step framework for practitioners and researchers to diagnose and rectify this discrepancy. We first introduce a diagnostic tool to assess whether bias exists in the model-based estimates from machine learning. If bias exists, we then offer a model-agnostic method to calibrate any HTE estimates to known, unbiased, subgroup difference-in-means estimates, ensuring that the sign and magnitude of the subgroup estimates approximate the model-free benchmarks. This calibration method requires no additional data and can be scaled for large data sets. To highlight potential sources of bias, we theoretically show that this bias can result from regularization and further use synthetic simulation to show biases result from misspecification and high-dimensional features. We demonstrate the efficacy of our calibration method using extensive synthetic simulations and two real-world randomized experiments. We further demonstrate the practical value of this calibration in three typical policy-making settings: a prescriptive, budget-constrained optimization framework; a setting seeking to maximize multiple performance indicators; and a multitreatment uplift modeling setting. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.0343 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kohlenberger, Judith T1 - Opening up “Fortress Europe” to Global Talents: EU Labour Migration Options N2 - This policy brief delves into the potential of regular migration across diverse skill levels to alleviate labour shortages in the EU. It contends that the EU faces a policy dilemma by attempting to curtail certain migration forms, as seen in the recent Common European Asylum System (CEAS) reform, while concurrently encouraging others through initiatives like the EU Talent Pool. The inconsistent approach to third-country migration poses significant trade-offs, necessitating a comprehensive resolution. The brief advocates for a multi-faceted strategy encompassing (a) diversification, (b) integration, and (c) de-bureaucratization at both EU and member state levels. Addressing potential pitfalls such as brain drains and heightened competition among member states, the brief concludes by highlighting three essential criteria for enhancing talent attraction and mitigating EU labour shortages through both high- and low-skilled migration. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/opening-up-fortress-europe-to-global-talents-eu-labour-migration-options ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Quaritsch, Luise T1 - On the road to the 2024 European elections: Institutional timeline and missed opportunities N2 - The 2024 European elections could mark a turning point in EU politics: The European Parliament has traditionally been a progressive force in EU policymaking, often pushing for more far-reaching, European solutions than the Council. This dynamic could fundamentally change after the 2024 elections, with the current power balance expected to shift in favour of more right-wing forces. But even without a turn towards a Eurosceptic majority, the outcome will determine the direction of policies decided by the Parliament and shape EU politics over the next five years. This policy brief offers an overview of the need-to-know for this election year. First, it details the institutional timeline until the end of the current legislative cycle. Second, it provides an overview of how European political parties are approaching the election campaign. Third, it discusses election day, possible new majorities in Parliament and inevitable institutional haggling over key positions. Finally, it describes the missed reform opportunities since the 2019 elections and how this may undermine the integrity of the June poll. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/on-the-road-to-the-2024-european-elections-institutional-timeline-and-missed-opportunities ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Leadership for intergovernmental collaboration towards digital transformation T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 124 EP - 143 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Verhoest, Koen A1 - Klijn, Erik Hans A1 - Rykkja, Lise H. A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Collaboration for digital transformation: so much more than just technology T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 241 EP - 267 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Rackwitz, Maike ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Intergovernmental collaboration in the context of digital transformation: state-of-the-art and theoretical notions T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 31 EP - 51 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rykkja, Lise H. A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Klijn, Erik Hans A1 - Verhoest, Koen ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik H. T1 - Introduction: collaborating for digital transformation in the public sector T2 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation: How Internal and External Collaboration Can Contribute to Innovate Public Service Delivery Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781803923888 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 SP - 2 EP - 12 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - GEN ED - Verhoest, Koen ED - Hammerschmid, Gerhard ED - Rykkja, Lise H. ED - Klijn, Erik Hans T1 - Collaborating for Digital Transformation: How Internal and External Collaboration Can Contribute to Innovate Public Service Delivery Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781803923888 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923895 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Haan, Peter A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - An Evaluation of Montenegro's 2022 Minimum Wage and Income Tax Reform N2 - Between 2018 and 2022, Montenegro introduced a series of significant policy reforms. The reforms affected economic, educational, and social policies, ranging from the introduction of a universal child allowance to major changes in its labour market regulations and tax rules. From an economic policy perspective, the most significant reform package was implemented in January 2022. It was composed of a huge increase in Montenegro’s statutory minimum wage, alongside a new income tax regime and the abolishment of mandatory health insurance contributions. According to the Government, the reform package aimed at increasing the living standards of citizens and promoting a more sustainable and inclusive growth model. This report evaluates the conjoint impact of this reform package. KW - Economics Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.esap.online/docs/213/ilo-esap-2-an-evaluation-of-montenegros-2022-minimum-wage-and-income-tax-reform SN - 9789220402009 PB - International Labour Organization CY - Geneva ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Dušek, Libor A1 - Traxler, Christian T1 - Swiftness and Delay of Punishment T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This paper studies how the swiftness and delay of punishment affect behavior. Using rich administrative data from automated speed cameras, we exploit two (quasi-)experimental sources of variation in the time between a speeding offense and the sending of a ticket. At the launch of the speed camera system, administrative challenges caused delays of up to three months. Later, we implemented a protocol that randomly assigned tickets to swift or delayed processing. We identify two different results. First, delays have a negative effect on payment compliance: the rate of timely paid fines diminishes by 7 to 9% when a ticket is sent with a delay of four or more weeks. We also find some evidence that very swift tickets – sent on the first or second day following the offense – increase timely payments. These results align with the predictions of expert scholars that we elicited in a survey. Second, speeding tickets cause a strong, immediate, and persistent decline in speeding. However, we do not detect any robust, differential effects of swiftness or delay on speeding. This challenges widely held beliefs, as reflected in our survey. Yet, we document large mechanical benefits of swift punishment and provide a theoretical framework of learning and updating that explains our findings. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 32 KW - Economics Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52391 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5239 ET - No. 32 ER - TY - THES A1 - Uttenthal, Maria T1 - Trust in democratic societies: A conceptual, methodological, and empirical contribution N2 - This thesis is a comprehensive study of trust. The study rests on the argument that all forms of trust stem from the same universal concept. Once trust has been defined at its core, the concept can be specified within a wide variety of contexts, such as trust in your friends and family, in your fellow citizens, or in different kinds of institutions within your country. Although trust is an increasingly popular topic within the social sciences, a lack of consensus on the true meaning of the concept remains. One the one hand, this can be attributed to diverging conceptualisations in a rich and multidisciplinary conceptual literature. On the other, to empirical studies where quantifiable measures do not spring from a clear conceptual account, but rather take survey responses directly at face value. Based on this fundamental issue, the overarching goal of my thesis is to bridge the gap between the conceptual and empirical literature. I achieve this goal with three contributions. Firstly, I conduct a conceptual analysis of trust, which results in a unifying conceptual framework. The framework acknowledges and combines different conceptual understandings from political science, psychology and sociology, thereby representing a move towards clearer consensus on the meaning of trust within the conceptual literature. Secondly, I develop a new measurement model for trust, which is directly rooted in the conceptual framework. The model reflects an alternative approach to empirical research, where quantitative measures of trust are derived from a conceptual argument on the appropriate structure and dimensionality. Thirdly, I identify a typology of citizens who trust in fundamentally different ways. The typology acts as a complementary perspective on the meaning of trust, studied from the viewpoint of citizens in a heterogeneous population. As a whole, I argue that the thesis represents a new approach to trust research, where conceptual and empirical methods are closely intertwined. In order to advance our understanding of this fundamentally important concept, it is crucial to bring the two strands of the literature closer together. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 02/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52159 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5215 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D002 + 2024D002+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Lam, Marcus ED - Bailey, Darlyne ED - Mizrahi, Terry T1 - Philanthropic foundations JF - Encyclopedia of Macro Social Work Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-19-094912-9 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jones, Martin T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Egypt N2 - This paper explores the refugee recognition regime in Egypt, a major host of refugees in the Middle East and North Africa region and one of UNHCR’s largest refugee status determination operations. Although the situation of refugees in Egypt has been the subject of significant study, this paper seeks to address, through a desk-based study, the nature and performance of the refugee recognition regime in Egypt, in particular the norms, institutions, modes of recognition, quality of recognition processes and quality of protection that is available to refugees in Egypt. The main findings are detailed in this executive summary. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 07 KW - refugee recognition regime, Egypt, RSD, asylum, refugee rights Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52136 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5213 ET - No. 07 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bobić, Ana T1 - The Individual in the Economic and Monetary Union: A Study of Legal Accountability Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/individual-in-the-economic-and-monetary-union/65D51B5364962C6086CA7C8456FD43BE SN - 9781009207942 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindner, Johannes A1 - Mack, Sebastian T1 - Europe must improve the quality of its regulation N2 - The EU is discussing better regulation. The issue is urgent. Nothing less than the competitiveness of European companies and the acceptance of the EU are at stake. But beware – neither symbolic politics nor broad deregulation will help. Instead: here are four concrete measures that could substantially improve the quality of EU regulation. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/quality-of-regulation ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Rustbelt relics or future keystone? EU policy for energy-intensive industries N2 - Energy-intensive industries in the EU are facing two main challenges: high energy prices and transitioning to decarbonised production. However, there is as yet no convincing EU-wide strategy for this sector‘s future. Given that the spectre of ‘deindustrialisation’ has triggered a readiness to act among the member states, there is a window of opportunity for designing such a strategy and putting it on the next Commission‘s agenda. This strategy must go beyond lowering energy prices, and factor in that cost pressures on industry to relocate will persist even in the long run, that the economic and resilience value of domestic production is lower than often portrayed, and that industrial decarbonisation is not just an EU but a global must. This policy brief delves into the economic, resilience and climate dimension of supporting energy-intensive industry, aiming to colour in contours of a potential strategy, and suggesting initial policy steps the EU should take. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/energy-intensive-industries ER - TY - THES A1 - Mones, Haytham T1 - Unveiling the Dynamics of Public Value Creation on Social Media: A New Zealand Perspective N2 - In the past decade, social media has revolutionized how governments create public value through online communication and collaboration with citizens. Despite this, academic literature still lacks a comprehensive understanding of how public value is disseminated via social media. This research delves into the process of public value creation on social media in New Zealand, a leading country in leveraging social media for government-to-citizen communication, particularly during crises. The study seeks to answer two questions about creating or eroding public value over social media. The first question investigates the socio-demographic factors correlating with citizens' varying perceptions of public value from social media adoption. The findings suggest that citizens with similar public value perceptions share common socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, education, trust in government, platform usage, and following government accounts. The study also reveals differences in public value perceptions based on the platform type, with platforms like Twitter garnering more positive public value perceptions than Facebook. The second question examines how using social media in government can enhance or diminish public value perceptions among citizens. The research constructs a causal model where specific social media practices during peaceful and crisis times, along with the engagement of external stakeholders, lead to increased perceptions of public value creation. The study also uncovers two causal mechanisms for the erosion of public value. In the first model, government reactions to opposing opinions on social media, such as hiding or removing comments, result in low public value perceptions. The second model shows that over-posting or posting irrelevant information can reduce citizens’ trust in the government, limit government posts' reach, and lower public value perception. This research encourages future studies to replicate the experiment across various platforms and countries to better understand how public value can be created or eroded over social media. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 01/2024 Y1 - 2024 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52099 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5209 N1 - Shelf mark: 2024D001 + 2024D001+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ash, Elliott A1 - Chen, Daniel L. A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna T1 - Gender Attitudes in the Judiciary: Evidence from U.S. Circuit Courts JF - The American Economic Journal: Applied Economics N2 - Do gender attitudes influence interactions with female judges in US circuit courts? In this paper, we propose a judge-specific measure of gender attitudes based on use of gender-stereotyped language in the judge's authored opinions. Exploiting quasi-random assignment of judges to cases and conditioning on judges' characteristics, we validate the measure showing that higher-slant judges vote more conservatively in gender-related cases. Higher-slant judges interact differently with female colleagues: they are more likely to reverse lower court decisions if the lower court judge is a woman than a man, are less likely to assign opinions to female judges, and cite fewer female-authored opinions. Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210435 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 314 EP - 350 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian A1 - Huck, Steffen A1 - Humphreys, Macartan T1 - Political salience and regime resilience T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We introduce political salience into a canonical model of attacks against political regimes, as scaling agents’ expressive payoffs from taking sides. Equilibrium balances heterogeneous expressive concerns with material bandwagoning incentives, and we show that comparative statics in salience characterize stability. As main insight, when regime sanctions are weak, increases from low to middling salience can pose the greatest threat to regimes – ever smaller shocks suffice to drastically escalate attacks. Our results speak to the charged debates about democracy, by identifying conditions under which heightened interest in political decision-making can pose a threat to democracy in and of itself. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 31 KW - Economics KW - political conflict KW - salience KW - democracy KW - sanctions Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52085 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5208 ET - No. 31 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian A1 - Strausz, Roland T1 - Principled Mechanism Design with Evidence T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We cast mechanism design with evidence in the framework of Myerson (1982), whereby his generalized revelation principle directly applies and yields standard notions of incentive compatible direct mechanisms. Their specific nature depends on whether the agent's (verifiable) presentation of evidence is contractually controllable, however. For deterministic implementation, we show that, in general, such control has value, and we offer two independent conditions under which this value vanishes, one on evidence (WET) and another on preferences (TIWO). Allowing for fully stochastic mechanisms, we also show how randomization generally has value and clarify to what extent this value vanishes under the common assumption of evidentiary normality (NOR). While, in general, the value of control extends to stochastic implementation, neither control nor randomization have any value if NOR holds together with WET or TIWO. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 30 KW - Mechanism Design KW - Revelation Principle KW - Evidence KW - Verifiable Information KW - Value of Control KW - Value of Randomization Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-52074 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5207 ET - No. 30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sewerin, Sebastian A1 - Kaack, Lynn A1 - Küttel, Joel A1 - Sigurdsson, Fride A1 - Martikainen, Onerva A1 - Esshaki, Alisha A1 - Hafner, Fabian T1 - Towards understanding policy design through text-as-data approaches: The policy design annotations (POLIANNA) dataset JF - Scientific Data N2 - Despite the importance of ambitious policy action for addressing climate change, large and systematic assessments of public policies and their design are lacking as analysing text manually is labour-intensive and costly. POLIANNA is a dataset of policy texts from the European Union (EU) that are annotated based on theoretical concepts of policy design, which can be used to develop supervised machine learning approaches for scaling policy analysis. The dataset consists of 20,577 annotated spans, drawn from 18 EU climate change mitigation and renewable energy policies. We developed a novel coding scheme translating existing taxonomies of policy design elements to a method for annotating text spans that consist of one or several words. Here, we provide the coding scheme, a description of the annotated corpus, and an analysis of inter-annotator agreement, and discuss potential applications. As understanding policy texts is still difficult for current text-processing algorithms, we envision this database to be used for building tools that help with manual coding of policy texts by automatically proposing paragraphs containing relevant information. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02801-z VL - 10 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindner, Johannes A1 - Nguyen, Thu A1 - Hansum, Romy T1 - What does it cost? Financial implications of the next enlargement N2 - Despite a broad consensus in the EU on the necessity of enlargement, it is far from a done deal. Especially the financial implications a Ukraine accession pose uncertainties. In our policy paper, Johannes Lindner, Thu Nguyen and Romy Hansum show that the next enlargement round would have less of an impact on the EU budget than is generally assumed. This is largely because the EU’s multiannual financial framework (MFF) has inherent adaptation mechanisms to mitigate significant fluctuations. At the same time, we stress that is impossible to predict precisely what the EU’s MFF, under which accession will happen, will look like as the rules and allocations are subject to political negotiations. Lastly, enlargement is not the only issue adding pressure on the EU budget in a Union that faces huge challenges. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/financial-implications-of-the-next-enlargement ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - Does the Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Fit the Practical Conception of Human Rights? JF - Human Rights Law Review N2 - This article investigates how the practice of European human rights, organised around the European Convention on Human Rights, can be brought into conversation with the practice conception of human rights advanced by Charles Beitz in the Idea of Human Rights. The article argues that this is a challenging task. Following Beitz’s construction of the human rights practice composed of (a) a global practice, (b) political discursive practice, (c) triggering a range of international action for corrective concern, (d) when states fail to protect urgent individual interests, the article identifies two main challenges: (1) the regional and legal-political character of the European human rights practice and (2) the lack of fit between the heuristic of urgency of individual interests and the European human rights practice. Having identified these challenges, however, I conclude that putting European human rights practice and the practice conception into a conversation reveals new knowledge at the intersection of moral and legal accounts of human rights. A closer engagement with the practice conception enables a better understanding of the key abstract features of European human rights practice. A closer engagement with this practice accentuates the normative case for making sense of predominantly legal and regional practices of human rights. KW - practice conception of human rights, Charles Beitz, regional practice, urgent individual interests, European Convention on Human Rights Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngad036 VL - 24 IS - 1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Guijarro May, Alvaro Jose ED - Sandor, Laura ED - Kinney, Charles T1 - Datatification: The rise of the Data Steward Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-51468 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5146 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jansen, Jannik T1 - When Europe talks climate, it needs to think jobs N2 - Europe’s climate and green industrial policies have faced criticism over lack of funding and coordination, but a shortage of skilled workers could be the key stumbling block for meeting the EU’s green ambitions. This policy brief shines a light on the challenges posed by this shortage. First, it provides an overview of the EU’s aspirational clean tech objectives. Second, it seeks to present a more nuanced perspective on the specific skill and labor requirements for producing and deploying key clean technologies, by providing an initial estimate for the workforce needed to meet the Union’s climate and industrial targets by 2030. Finally, it delves into the factors contributing to potential labor market bottlenecks and underscores the urgent need for targeted and coordinated policy actions. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/skilled-workers-in-the-green-transition ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Findeisen, Francesco T1 - Conditional support: How the EU can solve the geo-economics dilemma of the Green Deal N2 - A European Green Deal that can withstand external shocks and navigate the twists and turns of geo-politics rests on diversified sources of critical imports. However, diversification is a matter for corporate decisions on where to find supplies and place investment and European firms, grappling with cost-push inflation, are reluctant to bear the costs these entail. In this policy position, Francesco Findeisen makes three suggestions about how the EU can help its firms achieve economic resilience through conditional industrial policy support and public procurement. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/conditional-support-how-the-eu-can-solve-the-geo-economics-dilemma-of-the-green-deal ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Eisenack, Klaus T1 - Why local governments set climate targets: Effects of city size and political costs T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Cities increasingly address climate change, e.g. by pledging city-level emission reduction targets. This is puzzling for the provision of a global public good: what are city governments’ reasons for doing so, and do pledges actually translate into emission reductions? Empirical studies have found a set of common factors which relate to these questions, but also mixed evidence. What is still pending is a theoretical framework to explain those findings and gaps. This paper thus develops an abstract public choice model. The model features economies of scale and distinguishes urban reduction targets from actual emission reductions. It is able to support some stylized facts from the empirical literature and to resolve some mixed evidence as special cases. Two city types result. One type does not achieve its target, but reduces more emissions than a free-riding city. These relations reverse for the other type. The type determines whether cities with lower abatement costs more likely set targets. A third type does not exist. For both types, cities which set targets and have higher private costs of carbon are more ambitious. If marginal net benefits of mitigation rise with city size, then larger cities gain more from setting climate targets. Findings are contrasted with an alternative model where targets reduce abatement costs. Some effects remain qualitatively the same, while others clearly differ. The model can thus guide further empirical and theoretical work. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 29 KW - Economics KW - Local provision of public goods KW - public choice Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-51998 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5199 ET - No. 29 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ostanina, Sascha T1 - To guarantee its security, the EU should arm Ukraine through a self-defence agreement N2 - Current security guarantees for Ukraine range from unavailable to ineffective, writes Sascha Ostanina. She proposes a middle-ground solution to provide collective security for Ukraine through a binding self-defence agreement between the EU and Ukraine. Such an agreement would provide Ukraine with access to weapons and ammunition in the event of Russian aggression. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/to-guarantee-its-security-the-eu-should-arm-ukraine-through-a-self-defence-agreement ER - TY - THES A1 - Lindemann, Korinna O. T1 - The Indelible Past: The Effects of Authoritarianism on Political Behaviour T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 11/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-51975 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5197 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D011 + 2023D011+1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bobić, Ana ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - Constructive Constitutional Conflict as an Accountability Device in Monetary Policy T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.012 SP - 197 EP - 316 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akbik, Adina ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - The Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup: Substantive Accountability Claimed, but Unmet T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance N2 - As the most powerful executive actor in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the Eurogroup has faced continuous demands to improve its accountability record since the euro crisis. One reform introduced to meet these demands were the Economic Dialogue – a regular exchange of views between the European Parliament and the President of the Eurogroup designed to ‘ensure greater transparency and accountability’ in the EMU. This chapter investigates the practical functioning of the Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup between 2013 and the 2019 European Parliament elections. Applying the theoretical framework of the introduction, the purpose is to examine the extent to which the Parliament focuses on procedural or substantive accountability when questioning the Eurogroup President. Moreover, the chapter investigates the reasoning of parliamentary questions in line with the four accountability goods identified at the outset (openness, non-arbitrariness, effectiveness, and publicness). The findings show that Members of the European Parliament are eager to question the extent to which Eurogroup decisions are substantively open and effective, and to a lesser extent whether they are arbitrary or protect EU interests more generally. The analysis is based on fourteen transcripts of Economic Dialogues with the Eurogroup President, which took place between 2013 and 2019. KW - Accountability; Eurogroup; European Parliament; Council of the EU; Economic Dialogue; European Semester; ESM Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.010 SP - 154 EP - 176 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akbik, Adina A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - From Procedural to Substantive Accountability in EMU Governance T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe’s New Economic Governance N2 - This chapter provides the volumes general conceptual framework. It begins by addressing why new approaches to accountability are needed, arguing that accountability literature has reached a stalemate as a result of an impasse between deductive and inductive approaches to accountability in the EU. It then argues that overcoming the stalemate requires developing a generalised framework of what accountability is for, deriving four accountability goods to be used in subsequent chapters. The chapter argues that each of the goods can be delivered in procedural or substantive ways, focusing either on the process by which decisions are made or the substantive worth of decisions themselves. The chapter concludes by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of both varieties of accountability before mapping out how the concepts will be applied across policy fields and institutions in subsequent chapters. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.003 SP - 19 EP - 44 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dawson, Mark ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - Introduction: The Accountability Impasse of the EU’s New Economic Governance T2 - Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance N2 - This chapter serves as the general introduction to the volume. It discusses two major impasses plaguing EMU in the 2020s: the first, a clash between politicization of EMU decisions, on the one hand, and an institutional structure designed to reject political conflict, on the other; the second, a scholarly impasse between those analysing EMU accountability comparatively and those doing so through EMU specific standards. The chapter briefly introduces the core concepts used in the volume as a means of overcoming this impasse: the distinction between procedural and substantive accountability as well as the normative goods framework developed in Chapter 1. It finally provides an overview of the structure and content of the volume, concluding with a plea to focus scholarly attention on EMUs substantive accountability deficits. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800.001 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Angelini, Antonella A1 - Zena, Al-Esia A1 - Yorgancioglu, Ayse A1 - Bartley, Tim A1 - Bernaz, Nadia A1 - Bianchini, Flaviano A1 - Biro, Flora Panna A1 - Bruder, Ignas A1 - Cavara, Rachele A1 - Cezarino, Luciana Oranges A1 - Crane, Andrew A1 - Giuliani, Elisa A1 - Gustafsson, Maria-Therese A1 - Tamara, Horbachevska A1 - Iatridis, Kostas A1 - Macchi, Chiara A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Moretti, Anna A1 - Murray, John A1 - Nieri, Federica A1 - Pavlovic, Andjela A1 - Rullani, Francesco A1 - Uvarova, Olena A1 - Zirpoli, Francesco T1 - Rebalancing disruptive business of multinational corporations and global value chains within democratic and inclusive citizenship processes N2 - The purpose of this working paper is to conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature that explores the relationship between business organizations and democracy. This review draws from various fields, including management, business ethics, sociology, international law, and other relevant disciplines for this Project and has several objectives. Firstly, it aims to provide insight into prior research on how democratic institutions regulate economic actors and how these actors, particularly large multinational corporations (MNCs), resist such regulation. Additionally, it examines how these economic actors develop behaviors and economic models that pose challenges to democratic governance, such as business-related human rights violations. In the initial part of the review, we delve into the historical and contemporary aspects of the relationship between business and democracy. Furthermore, the report explores how companies can contribute to shaping a more democratic future by addressing gaps in governance, especially in cases where populist governments fail to protect the rights of their citizens. It also considers the development of alternative business models, such as social enterprises and cross-sector partnerships. Moreover, it looks into how businesses can actively engage in democratic governance and promote principles of participation. The final section of the working paper involves a bibliometric analysis, including co authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence maps. This analysis is based on key references used by team members in their literature reviews and is designed to examine the connections that exist among various strands of research that support the research questions of the Rebalance Project. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4569268 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - The Present and the Future of Infringement Proceedings: Lessons Learned from Kavala v. Türkiye N2 - The Council of Europe is headed to its fourth summit under the shadow, most likely, of the unimplemented infringement proceedings judgment in the case of Kavala v. Türkiye. The aim of this article is to investigate what this persistent non-implementation teaches us for the present as well as for the future reform of infringement proceedings monitoring. Strengthening this is of inestimable importance for the future credibility of the Council of Europe, as well as the authority of the European Court of Human Rights in general. The lack of a clear strategy for handling non-implementation of infringement proceedings will have a dissuasive effect on the further use of such proceedings by the Committee of Ministers, it removes any teeth proceedings were ever intended to have. In this article I argue that the future of the effective monitoring of judgments resulting from infringement proceedings depends on: a) the foreseeable proceduralisation of the mechanisms to exert pressure on non-implementing states and, b), further judicialisation of the ECtHR’s handling of the remedies required to implement judgments resulting from infringement proceedings. In conclusion, I reflect on possible objections to this double call of proceduralisation and judicialisation as the basis of reform. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4424579 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Finnerty, Joseph T1 - When is a State’s ‘Hidden Agenda’ Proven? The Role of the Merabishvili’s Three-Legged Evidentiary Test in the Article 18 Strasbourg Case Law JF - European Convention on Human Rights Law Review N2 - The increasingly litigated Article 18 ECHR aims at unmasking the ‘hidden agenda’ pursued by states that proclaim to be restricting human rights for legitimate reasons, but in fact do so for an ‘ulterior purpose’. These complaints generate complex evidentiary challenges. This article investigates the evidentiary regime of Article 18 since the delivery of the Grand Chamber Merabishvili v Georgia judgment in 2017. It shows that this regime is composed of a three-legged evidentiary test requiring: (1) that the Article 18 complaint is a fundamental aspect of the case, (2) the identification of an ‘ulterior purpose’, and (3) the predominance of this purpose in the state’s overall motivation. The article argues that this three-stage test is sui generis, despite borrowing elements from evidentiary regimes, both from other Convention provisions and externally, and that it lacks clarity and coherency: facilitating a higher standard of proof for the provision, which largely burdens applicants. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10077 SN - 2666-3228 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gläßel, Christian A1 - Paula, Katrin T1 - Sometimes Less Is More: Censorship, News Falsification, and Disapproval in 1989 East Germany JF - American Journal of Political Science N2 - Does more media censorship imply more regime stability? We argue that censorship may cause mass disapproval for censoring regimes. In particular, we expect that censorship backfires when citizens can falsify media content through alternative sources of information. We empirically test our theoretical argument in an autocratic regime—the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Results demonstrate how exposed state censorship on the country's emigration crisis fueled outrage in the weeks before the 1989 revolution. Combining original weekly approval surveys on GDR state television and daily content data of West German news programs with a quasi-experimental research design, we show that recipients disapproved of censorship if they were able to detect misinformation through conflicting reports on Western television. Our findings have important implications for the study of censoring systems in contemporary autocracies, external democracy promotion, and campaigns aimed at undermining trust in traditional journalism. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12501 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 682 EP - 698 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharpf, Adam A1 - Gläßel, Christian A1 - Edwards, Pearce T1 - International sports events and repression in autocracies: Evidence from the 1978 FIFA World Cup JF - American Political Science Review N2 - How do international sports events shape repression in authoritarian host countries? International tournaments promise unique gains in political prestige through global media attention. However, autocrats must fear that foreign journalists will unmask their wrongdoings. We argue that autocracies solve this dilemma by strategically adjusting repression according to the spatial-temporal presence of international media. Using original, highly disaggregated data on the 1978 World Cup, we demonstrate that the Argentine host government largely refrained from repression during the tournament but preemptively cleared the streets beforehand. These adjustments specifically occurred around hotels reserved for foreign journalists. Additional tests demonstrate that (1) before the tournament, repression turned increasingly covert, (2) during the tournament, targeting patterns mirrored the working shifts of foreign journalists, (3) after the tournament, regime violence again spiked in locations where international media had been present. Together, the article highlights the human costs of megaevents, contradicting the common whitewashing rhetoric of functionaries. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422000958 VL - 117 IS - 3 SP - 909 EP - 926 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gibson, Rachel A1 - Bon, Esmeralda A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Operationalizing data-driven campaigning: designing a new tool for mapping and guiding regulatory intervention JF - Policy Studies N2 - Since the Cambridge Analytica scandal, governments are increasingly concerned about the way in which citizens’ personal data are collected, processed and used during election campaigns To develop the appropriate tools for monitoring and controlling this new mode of “data-driven campaigning” (DDC) regulators require a clear understanding of the practices involved. This paper provides a first step toward that goal by proposing a new organizational and process-centred operational definition of DDC from which we derive a set of empirical indicators. The indicators are applied to the policy environment of a leading government in this domain – the European Union (EU) – to generate a descriptive “heat map” of current regulatory activity toward DDC. Based on the results of this exercise, we argue that regulation is likely to intensify on existing practices and extend to cover current “cold spots”. Drawing on models of internet governance, we argue that this expansion is likely to occur in one of two ways. A “kaleidoscopic” approach, in which current legislation extends to absorb DDC practices and a more “designed” approach that involves more active intervention by elites, and ultimately the generation of a new regulatory regime. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2023.2259333 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharpf, Adam A1 - Gläßel, Christian T1 - Why Underachievers Dominate Secret Police Organizations: Evidence from Autocratic Argentina JF - American Journal of Political Science N2 - Autocrats depend on a capable secret police. Anecdotal evidence, however, often characterizes agents as surprisingly mediocre in skill and intellect. To explain this puzzle, this article focuses on the career incentives underachieving individuals face in the regular security apparatus. Low-performing officials in hierarchical organizations have little chance of being promoted or filling lucrative positions. To salvage their careers, these officials are willing to undertake burdensome secret police work. Using data on all 4,287 officers who served in autocratic Argentina (1975–83), we study biographic differences between secret police agents and the entire recruitment pool. We find that low-achieving officers were stuck within the regime hierarchy, threatened with discharge, and thus more likely to join the secret police for future benefits. The study demonstrates how state bureaucracies breed mundane career concerns that produce willing enforcers and cement violent regimes. This has implications for the understanding of autocratic consolidation and democratic breakdown. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12475 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - 791 EP - 806 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bunde, Tobias ED - Mayer, Sebastian T1 - Social constructivism T2 - Research Handbook on NATO N2 - From a social constructivist perspective, NATO is not just another alliance or security institution, but the institutional embodiment of the transatlantic security community, which is based on a collective identity of liberal democracies. This collective identity serves as the main explanatory factor for social constructivist research dealing with NATO’s creation, its specific institutional design and its unique culture of consultation. It also helps understand NATO’s persistence after the end of the Cold War, its enlargement and its (liberal) out-of-area operations and missions in the post-Cold War period. Constructivism has become one of the key theoretical approaches in NATO research, offering a broader view of the Alliance and accounting for empirical anomalies that competitors fail to explain. Still, constructivist research has arguably not yet reached its full potential and could offer additional insights into NATO’s past, presence and future. These lacunae are addressed in the chapter. KW - NATO KW - Social constructivism KW - Transatlantic security community KW - Security cooperation KW - Identity KW - Liberal-democratic values Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781839103384 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839103391.00014 SP - 69 EP - 83 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing Limited CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bunde, Tobias T1 - Lessons (to be) learned? Germany’s Zeitenwende and European security after the Russian invasion of Ukraine JF - Contemporary Security Policy N2 - In Germany, the Russian war on Ukraine is widely perceived as a “Zeitenwende,” a watershed moment undermining key foreign policy beliefs. Despite mounting evidence contradicting them, German elites previously failed to adapt core beliefs regarding Russia and the use of force because these beliefs were not only deeply embedded in largely uncontested identity constructions but also shaped the definition of economic interests, which in turn made ideational adaptation more costly. Moreover, Germany’s extraordinarily beneficial geopolitical situation in the post-Cold War era meant that the country could afford not to learn. Although the “Zeitenwende” will trigger significant change, it is unclear which lessons exactly Germans will now be learning and how far that adaptation will go. Given Germany’s key position in Europe and its previous role in shaping the European and transatlantic policy toward Russia, the results of these learning processes will significantly shape the emerging European security order. KW - German foreign policy KW - Russia-Ukraine war KW - European security KW - post-Cold War era KW - foreign policy beliefs Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2022.2092820 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 516 EP - 530 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bunde, Tobias T1 - Defending European integration by (symbolically) integrating European defence? Germany and its ambivalent role in European security and defence policy JF - Journal of European Integration N2 - For many German policymakers, a commitment to European integration in defence is a necessary means to further the end of European integration in general – in stark contrast to French leaders who see European integration as the means to reach the end of a stronger European defence. Although there is general support for European defence cooperation and even integration among the German public and state elites, other ideational factors, most notably wide-spread anti-militarist attitudes, military planners’ traditional embeddedness in NATO planning procedures, and a deep commitment to parliamentary control of the armed forces, present manifest hurdles for real capacity-building on the supranational level. As a result, German efforts to integrate defence policy within the EU have been largely symbolic, while real progress takes place in other (bilateral or minilateral and often German-led) frameworks. Berlin has thus contributed considerably to the increasing institutional fragmentation and territorial differentiation in European defence. KW - Germany KW - European Union KW - defence KW - integration KW - military Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2021.1877693 VL - 43 IS - 2 SP - 243 EP - 259 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giray, Burak T1 - Do UN Missions Have an Expiration Date? Ideational Commitment to UN Peacekeeping and the Length of Missions JF - International Peacekeeping N2 - Private interests might occasionally influence the decisions of troop-providers when contributing to UN peacekeeping missions. However, the pursuit of private benefits impacts how the mandates of peacekeeping missions are fulfilled. Drawing upon the conflict-of-interest theory, I argue that the effectiveness of UN peacekeeping operations is compromised when troop-providers lack ideational commitment to the principles of UN peacekeeping. This article explores the impact of troop-providers’ ideational commitment to UN peacekeeping on the duration of UN missions. To achieve this, a duration analysis is conducted over all completed and ongoing peacekeeping operations from April 1991 to December 2019. The results reveal that conflicting interests within peacekeeping operations lead to an increased time required for concluding UN missions. In essence, by establishing a connection between the raison d’étre of troop-providers and the duration of missions, this article outlines significant policy implications for the United Nations. KW - peacekeeping/peacebuilding KW - United Nations KW - foreign policy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2246362 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharpf, Adam A1 - Gläßel, Christian T1 - Career Pressures and Organizational Evil: A Novel Perspective on the Study of Organized Violence JF - International Studies Review N2 - Dictators, rebel commanders, and mafia bosses frequently delegate gruesome and immoral tasks to their subordinates. However, most individuals want to avoid such work. This analytical essay proposes an institutional logic to understand how dictatorships, insurgent organizations, and criminal gangs get their evil work done nonetheless. We argue that common features of organizations produce mundane career pressures that incentivize subordinates to zealously execute reprehensible tasks. Subordinates may come under pressure for six distinct reasons: incompetence, misconduct, origin, isolation, organizational backlog, and shrinkage. Superiors, in turn, can exploit that pressured subordinates hope to improve their prospects for advancement by loyally executing the organization’s evil tasks. Empirically, we illustrate how Nazi Germany utilized each of the suggested career pressures to staff the units in charge of the Holocaust. We highlight that our logic might also apply to less extreme forms of organizational evil. Together, the essay offers a novel perspective to demystify radical behavior in state and non-state organizations with important implications for our understanding of transnational terrorist violence and underworld crimes. KW - bureaucracy KW - hierarchy KW - promotions KW - recruitment KW - terrorism KW - crime KW - Holocaust Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viac009 VL - 24 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Juan, Alexander A1 - Gläßel, Christian A1 - Haass, Felix A1 - Scharpf, Adam T1 - The Political Effects of Witnessing State Atrocities: Evidence from the Nazi Death Marches JF - Comparative Political Studies N2 - How does witnessing regime atrocities influence the political attitudes of bystanders? We argue that observing regime violence against innocent civilians triggers psychological dissonance between beliefs about the regime and the witnessed moral transgression. As a result, regime support should decrease among bystanders of state atrocities. We analyze original, highly disaggregated archival data from the Nazi death marches at the end of World War II, which confronted ordinary German citizens with the regime’s crimes. We find that locations with higher victim numbers had lower vote shares for right-wing nationalist parties after the war. Supporting our proposed mechanism, we show that (1) this effect was strongest when Nazi crimes were at the center of public discourse and (2) that witnessing Nazi atrocities was associated with individuals’ rejection of Hitler 20 years later. The findings have implications for understanding democratization prospects and people’s nostalgia for fallen autocrats. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231178736 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carey, Sabine C. A1 - González, Belén A1 - Gläßel, Christian T1 - Divergent Perceptions of Peace in Post-Conflict Societies: Insights from Sri Lanka JF - Journal of Conflict Resolution N2 - Research on postwar peace focuses primarily on how elites and institutions can prevent relapse into civil war. In line with this special issue’s focus on citizens’ experiences, we take a micro-level approach to explore peace beyond the absence of war. We investigate how members of opposing sides experience peace a decade after a decisive victory of the majority. Using original survey data from a representative sample of 2000 respondents in 2018 Sri Lanka, we find that even one decade after the conflict members of the Sinhalese winning majority are consistently more likely to report improvements in peace than Tamils, who were represented by the defeated minority. But the benefit of a “victor’s peace” does not seem to translate into an optimistic outlook of the victorious group, nor does it increase people’s endorsement for repressive state measures. Despite the drastically improved physical security for the defeated ethnic minority since the war, they experience a deterioration in other dimensions of peace. Our findings have important implications for a deeper understanding of variations in peace and reconciliation processes. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00220027221104719 VL - 66 IS - 9 SP - 1589 EP - 1618 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nah, Alice M. T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Malaysia N2 - This report focuses primarily on the actions of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) because of its central and contested role in refugee protection. Drawing on primary and secondary data, it reviews how UNHCR has developed a range of protection interventions, some non-ideal, in response to the actions of state and non-state actors who maintain a hostile environment for migrants with irregular status. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 06 KW - Malaysia profile; RSD; Refugee recognition institutions; Refugee recognition regime; UNHCR Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-51754 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5175 ET - No. 06 ER - TY - GEN ED - Dawson, Mark T1 - Substantive Accountability in Europe's New Economic Governance N2 - The EU has become an increasingly powerful economic actor but we lack research on how EU economic decision-makers can be held to account. This book argues that the EU suffers from important substantive accountability deficits I.e. while numerous procedures exist to hold institutions like the Commission and ECB to account, there are few mechanisms to contest the merit and impact of economic decisions. The book combines detailed empirical research on how accountability practices are evolving across different fields of EU economic governance with a novel conceptual framework to assess where accountability deficits lie and how they might be addressed. Combining leading research in law and political science, this book will be of interest to scholars with an interest in the questions of accountability and economic governance arising from the budgets, central banks and financial institutions of the European Union. This title is Open Access. KW - Economics, European Law, Law, Economic Theory Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009228800 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009228800 PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sus, Monika A1 - Picas, Anna Fonts A1 - Kakko, Henna A1 - Ojanen, Hanna A1 - Vandendriessche, Marie T1 - Case Studies of EU and Member State Engagement with Strategic International Organisations T2 - ENGAGE Working Paper Series N2 - This working paper examines the European Union's (EU) strategic partnerships with International Organisations (IOs) in dealing with different crises. Through the lens of three distinct case studies, it investigates the EU's collaboration with the United Nations in addressing the Mali crisis, its joint efforts with NATO in response to the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, and its partnership with the African Union in the context of climate change. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.engage-eu.eu/publications/case-studies-of-eu-and-member-state-engagement-with-strategic-international-organisations IS - 28 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Martill, Benjamin A1 - Sus, Monika ED - Leruth, Benjamin ED - Gänzle, Stefan ED - Trondal, Jarle T1 - Growing Apart Together? Brexit and the Dynamics of Differentiated Disintegration in Security and Defense T2 - The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union N2 - Brexit initially raised the prospect of new forms of external differentiation in the European Union (EU), should the United Kingdom continue to participate in a number of the Union’s policy areas. Security and defence was one area where agreement on the terms of UK participation was more likely, given the clear interests of both sides in the development of a close partnership in this area. But agreement has been so difficult to reach, and the final Brexit deal makes no mention of collaboration in foreign, security and defence policy. We argue that the key to understanding this puzzle lies in understanding the politics of differentiated disintegration, of which Brexit is the prime example, and the distinction between strategic and political interests. While strategic interests constitute a driver for external differentiation, the political interests arising from the withdrawal process make it difficult to reach an agreement. Divorcing strategic cooperation from the short-term politics of negotiations is the first step to overcoming the stalemate, and this chapter presents several ways this can be achieved. By perceiving Brexit as a case of differentiated disintegration, this chapter accounts for the significant constraints associated with external differentiation as a mode of integration in the EU. KW - Disintegration KW - Brexit KW - Defence KW - Differentiation Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.routledge.com/The-Routledge-Handbook-of-Differentiation-in-the-European-Union/Leruth-Ganzle-Trondal/p/book/9780367149659 SN - 9780429054136 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429054136-47 SP - 696 EP - 711 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea A1 - Darius, Philipp ED - Faas, Thorsten ED - Huber, Sascha ED - Krewel, Mona ED - Roßteutscher, Sigrid T1 - KI und datengesteuerte Kampagnen: Eine Diskussion der Rolle generativer KI im politischen Wahlkampf T2 - Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie: Festschrift für Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck Y1 - 2023 SN - 9783756008001 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553 VL - Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung. Band 35 SP - 199 EP - 211 PB - Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sus, Monika T1 - Making Use of a Window of Opportunity: The Czech Presidencyʼs Performance in Foreign and Security Policy JF - Czech Journal of International Relations N2 - This article assesses the achievements of the Czech presidency of the Council of the EU regarding foreign and security policy in the second half of 2022, while taking into account the external context provided by the Russian war in Ukraine, national conditions in which the presidency was conducted, and issue-specific characteristics related to EU foreign and security policy. It discusses where the Czech presidency has managed to contribute to progress, such as the implementation of the Strategic Compass and the reinvigoration of the enlargement process, as well as pointing out shortcomings where it failed to deliver results. Overall, the article argues that by skilfully setting and scheduling the agenda and staying on top of the key policy dossiers, Prague successfully leveraged the window of opportunity triggered by the Russian invasion of Ukraine to push tangible progress within security and defence issues forward. KW - foreign and security policy KW - European Union KW - Strategic Compass KW - enlargement KW - PESCO KW - QMV KW - Ukraine Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.515 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 101 EP - 111 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martill, Benjamin A1 - Sus, Monika T1 - With or Without EU: Differentiated Integration and the Politics of Post-Brexit EU-UK Security Collaboration JF - European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration N2 - Research on differentiated integration has flourished in recent years, highlighting the political and efficiency gains to be had from selective participation and third country engagement in EU policy areas. Proposals for an EU-UK security and defence agreement represented a paradigmatic example of differentiated disintegration, for which both strategic and political prospects initially appeared positive, yet which ultimately foundered on the back of the EU’s reluctance to create new third country models and subsequent political upheaval in the UK. This Article asks why these proposals failed and what this can tell us about the politics of differentiated (dis)integration, focusing on the referendum to the recent Ukraine crisis, and drawing on several elite interviews conducted with policymakers in London and Brussels. It shows that while the strategic benefits of differentiation increased following the Brexit vote, the growing concern in Brussels for the precedent set by Brexit, the collapse of issue-specific dynamics into a singular concern for UK “cherry picking”, and the rightward shift in UK politics occasioned by the Brexit negotiations all undermined the prospects for a differentiated outcome in security and defence. The Ukraine crisis, while precipitating significant changes in many European states, had thus far failed to alter the new status quo locked in after Brexit. KW - Brexit KW - differentiated integration KW - Ukraine War KW - European security KW - EU-UK relations KW - United Kingdom Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15166/2499-8249/611 VL - 7 IS - 3 SP - 1287 EP - 1302 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sus, Monika T1 - How does delegation structure shape agent discretion in EU foreign policy? Evidence from the Normandy Format and the Contact Group on Libya JF - Contemporary Security Policy N2 - Informal groupings have proliferated in EU foreign policy over the past decade, despite the enhanced role of the High Representative tasked with ensuring the coherence of this policy domain under the Lisbon Treaty. This article analyzes how the decision of select EU member states to act on certain policy issues through informal groupings, bypassing the EU framework, affects the High Representative’s room for maneuver. Drawing on the principal-agent model, the emergence of informal groupings is conceptualized as a manifestation of pathological delegation, which undermines High Representative’s role. The findings reveal two factors that may nevertheless increase the agent’s discretion in cases of delegation anomalies: the low heterogeneity of member state preferences toward the informal grouping and the interaction between agents in the same domain, facilitating agent’s performance. By examining agent's discretion when delegation anomalies arise, the article may be useful for scholars investigating delegation and agency in international organizations. KW - Principal-agent approach KW - discretion KW - supranational agents KW - High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy KW - Libya Contact Group KW - Normandy Format Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2022.2148942 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 96 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sus, Monika T1 - Exploring the dynamics of policy change in EU security and defence: policy entrepreneurs behind the Strategic Compass JF - West European Politics N2 - Drawing on Kingdon’s Multiple Stream Approach, the article analyses the political dynamics that led to the introduction of the Strategic Compass, which gained prominence in the context of the Russian war in Ukraine. Due to its comprehensiveness and adoption at the highest political level – the European Council – the study considers the Compass a manifestation of policy change. Assuming that change in EU security policy originates from various sources, the article identifies Germany, France, the High Representative, and the European Commission as potential policy entrepreneurs. By examining their entrepreneurial strategies, it traces their footprint on policy change. The analysis reveals a particularly strong influence of French diplomacy on the process of shaping the Compass and points to the key role of the High Representative, despite the institutional constraints of the office. The article also highlights the usefulness of MSA for studying foreign policy change and, in particular, the dynamics between entrepreneurs. KW - Strategic Compass KW - policy entrepreneurs KW - Multiple Streams Approach KW - entrepreneurial strategies KW - policy change Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2023.2232704 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amadio Viceré, Maria Giulia A1 - Sus, Monika T1 - Differentiated cooperation as the mode of governance in EU foreign policy JF - Contemporary Security Policy N2 - While the standard conceptualization of differentiation in the European Union (EU) focuses on differentiated integration, scholars devote less attention to differentiated cooperation. This article argues, on the contrary, that member states’ engagement in differentiated efforts in EU foreign policy manifest themselves both in the form of differentiated integration and cooperation. It elaborates an original conceptual framework for exploring differentiated cooperation as a mode of governance. Drawing on the articles in this special issue, this introduction maps empirical manifestations of differentiated cooperation in various areas and dimensions of EU foreign policy. The results of the special issue show that differentiated cooperation has mostly manifested itself in informal patterns of cooperation, with the treaty-based mechanisms being limited. As such, the special issue reflects the differentiation and informalization processes occurring not only in the EU, but also in global governance more broadly. KW - Differentiated integration KW - differentiated cooperation KW - EU foreign policy KW - informal governance KW - fragmentation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2023.2168854 SN - 1352-3260; 1743-8764 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 4 EP - 34 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baranaowska, Grażyna T1 - How long does the past endure? ‘Continuing violations’ and the ‘very distant past’ before the UN Human Rights Committee JF - Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights N2 - The concept of ‘continuing violation’ allows reviewing applications concerning effects of violations that started before a treaty came into a force with regard to a state that allegedly committed the violation. This article analyses how the UN Human Rights Committee has recently approached two communications concerning continuing violations that occurred in the 1930s and 1940s (K.K. and Others v Russia; F.A.J. and B.M.R.A. v Spain). It critiques the fact that the Committee has introduced an additional qualification to its case law on continuing violations, namely that it has no jurisdiction over the violations with continuing effect, when underlying violations happened in the ‘very distant past’. The article argues that communications raising violations of the families of forcibly disappeared persons – at least these brought by their children – should not be ruled inadmissible because of time constraint since the disappearances. Lastly, the article reveals a tacit influence of the European Court of Human Rights on the Committee in the analysed case law. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09240519231171515 VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 97 EP - 114 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baranaowska, Grażyna T1 - Pushbacks in Poland: Grounding the Practice in Domestic Law in 2021 JF - Polish Yearbook of International Law N2 - In the summer of 2021 deliberate actions by the Belarusian state authorities led to a huge increase of people irregularly crossing the border from Belarus to Poland. Instead of addressing this humanitarian crisis, the Polish government responded with actions that were in violation of its international obligations and domestic law. Among these measures was carrying out “pushbacks” and grounding them in Polish domestic law. “Pushbacks” are the practice of returning people to the border without assessing their individual situation. The formalization of those practices in 2021 was done within two legal frameworks; one interim and one permanent. They continue to function in parallel while containing different provisions. This article assesses the two frameworks’ compatibility with domestic and international law and concludes that they both violate domestic and international rules. In the context of EU law, the article demonstrates the incompatibility of the two frameworks with the so-called Asylum Procedures Directive and Return Directive. The article urther argues that the pushbacks violate the European Convention of Human Rights and would not fall within the exceptions to the prohibition of collective expulsions. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://czasopisma.inp.pan.pl/index.php/pyil/article/view/3605 U6 - https://doi.org/10.24425/PYIL.2022.142346 VL - 41 SP - 193 EP - 211 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baranaowska, Grażyna T1 - Exposing Covert Border Enforcement: Why Failing to Shift the Burden of Proof in Pushback Cases is Wrong JF - European Convention on Human Rights Law Review N2 - The paper analyses how the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Court) assesses evidence when states conceal border practices, such as pushbacks, comparing the Court’s approach in those cases to that in enforced disappearance cases. In both types of cases, states deny that the conduct – which would have violated human rights – has taken place and provide neither the applicants nor the Court with evidence. While surface examination of the relevant case law could suggest that the ECtHR shifts the burden of proof in the same way in both sets of cases, I demonstrate that the Court expects applicants in covert border enforcement cases to provide stronger evidence, which is then labelled as prima facie evidence. I argue that the burden of proof should be shifted in the same way in both scenarios, as the position of the victims and the availability of evidence is strikingly similar. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10070 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nicolaides, Panayiotis T1 - Essays on the Economics of Taxation T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 10/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-51510 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5151 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D010 + 2023D010+1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sgarlato, Raffaele T1 - Weather-driven electricity systems T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 09/2023 Y1 - 2023 N1 - List of publications: Sgarlato, R., & Ziel, F. (2023). The role of weather predictions in electricity price forecasting beyond the day-ahead horizon. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 38(3), 2500–2511. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3180119 Sgarlato, R. (2023). Statistical electricity price forecasting: A structural approach. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2306.14186 Tiedemann, S., Sgarlato, R., & Hirth, L. (2023). Price elasticity of electricity demand: Using instrumental variable regressions to address endogeneity and autocorrelation of high-frequency time series. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2306.12863 Ruhnau, O., Eicke, A., Sgarlato, R., Tröndle, T., & Hirth, L. (2022). Cost-potential curves of onshore wind energy: The role of disamenity costs. Environmental and Resource Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-022-00746-2 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D009 + 2023D009+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Genschel, Philipp A1 - Jachtenfuchs, Markus A1 - Migliorati, Marta T1 - Nur Symbolpolitik? Differenzierung und Reintegration staatlicher Kerngewalten JF - integration N2 - Constitutional differentiation is often assumed to match perfectly with reality. We argue, however, that this is often not the case in core state powers. Constitutional differentiation often does not lead to the exclusion of the non-integrated member states (“outs”) from the policies of the integrated member states (“ins”) but to their reintegration by different means. We present a cost-benefit-model which argues that both “outs” and “ins” often have strong functional and political incentives to seek reintegration after an earlier decision for differentiation because the costs of exclusion are too high. We use a novel dataset of reintegration opportunities to map trends and patterns of reintegration across policy fields, reintegration instruments and member states in core state powers. We conclude by arguing that reintegration is a frequent but fragile phenomenon through which “ins” and “outs” cope with the costs of exclusion. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0720-5120-2023-2-146 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 146 EP - 161 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Dušek, Libor T1 - Fines, nonpayment, and revenues: evidence from speeding tickets JF - The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization N2 - We estimate the effect of the level of fines on payment compliance and revenues collected from speeding tickets. Exploiting discontinuous increases in fines at speed cutoffs and reform-induced variation in these discontinuities, we implement two complementary regression discontinuity designs. The results consistently document small payment responses: a 10% increase in the fine (i.e., the payment obligation) induces a 1.2 percentage point decline in timely payments. The implied revenue elasticity is about 0.9. Expressed in absolute terms, a one-dollar increase in the fine translates into a roughly 60-cent increase in payments collected within 15 days (JEL H27, H26, K42). Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewad025 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Zwar, Claudia A1 - Edenhofer, Jacob A1 - Ruzelyte, Victoria A1 - Edmondson, Duncan A1 - Flachsland, Christian T1 - Mapping variation in institutions for climate policymaking – Climate institutions in Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Australia Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/en/publication/report-mapping-variation-in-institutions-for-climate-policymaking/ PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Global Social Sciences? Introducing a Series of Special Collections on the State and the Potential of the Social Sciences across the Globe JF - Global Perspectives N2 - Nominally, the social sciences maintain the ideological aspiration of a unified, global endeavor for a better understanding of human societies, their economies, cultures, and polities. Over 150 years after their founding period, there is significant fragmentation and unevenness in this quest to understand the human condition. Distinct hierarchies and exclusionary structures emerged between the “West” and regions like Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, China and India and many parts of Asia. Some countries, even entire regions, are terra incognita from a Western vantage point and relegated to “area studies.” At the same time, distinct social science traditions have formed in countries and regions outside the West, with a new interest in developing approaches that rely less on Western foundations and conventional academic practices. The questions become: Are the social sciences drifting further apart, or is there a possibility of greater dialogue, even cohesiveness, to advance our knowledge and understanding globally rather than only in some regions or countries? And if so, why, how, and for what? What are the main foci in research and teaching? What is the degree of institutionalization, and how could the global, regional, and national potentials of the social sciences be better realized? To approach these questions, Global Perspectives launches systematic assessments of the state and the potential of the social sciences in different parts of the world. They address five key issue clusters: Western hegemony and fragmentation; basic conceptual and epistemological considerations; ideologies and normative foundations; academic freedom; and professionalization and commercialization. Given the significant scale and complex scope of the social sciences with their many specific subfields, methodologies, and curricula as well as varying degrees of professional institutionalization and different political backgrounds, the special collections present reflective essays on the state and the potential of the social sciences rather than comprehensive empirical stock-taking. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.75284 VL - 4 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Advancing governance indicators: Four ways forward JF - Global Policy N2 - This article goes beyond the presentation, assessment and discussion of the Berggruen Governance Index by suggesting potential next steps for governance indicators and relevant data systems more generally. Specifically, it addresses four ways to advance research on governance performance. The first two, greater cross-validation and cross-fertilisation and a systematic assessment of the legal-regulatory context, address the two major challenges of current research, namely the weak connection between the theoretical understanding of governance and the current stock of indicators as well as the tenuous connection between conceptually grounded indices on the one hand and the needs of policymakers to have actionable results on the other. The other two proposals, that is the development of governance operationalisations based on network structures and the notion of planetary governance, suggest transcending the current nation-state and variable-based frame for governance indices towards actor-based indicators and dashboards. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13273 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 147 EP - 152 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - List, Regina A. A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Advancing governance indicator systems: Lessons learned from the 2022 symposium JF - Global Policy N2 - The Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) is a new and innovative entry into the crowded domain of quantitative governance research. In its effort to contribute to the field, the BGI builds off of and acts in dialogue with several other governance indicator projects from across the globe. As part of a collaborative outlook, the BGI convened the first of three symposia at the UCLA Luskin School in October 2022, titled ‘Advancing Governance Indicator Systems: The 2022 Conference’. The event invited representatives from other indicator projects to share their thoughts on the BGI, present their own projects and discuss avenues for further research and development of ‘planetary’ indicators. This article discusses the highlights and key contributions from the conference. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13284 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 136 EP - 146 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Fröhlich, Christian A1 - List, Regina A. T1 - Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards better governance and sustainability? JF - Global Policy N2 - The countries of the Sub-Saharan region have, on average, made significant progress in governance performance, especially in terms of democratic accountability and public goods provision—findings that seem to contradict patterns of state fragility and economic underdevelopment common in the region. This article explores this seeming contradiction and presents in more detail findings from the Berggruen Governance Index regarding the governance performance of five countries, namely Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa. Lagging state capacity and growing sovereign debt emerge as critical factors, and the article suggests that they may be responsible for the inability of many countries in the region to consolidate gains in governance as well as economic performance. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13283 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 124 EP - 135 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Kononykhina, Olga T1 - Introducing the Berggruen Governance Index III. Implications for theory and policy JF - Global Policy N2 - This article looks at some of the major implications for theory and policy that follow from the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI). After discussing the BGI's quality as an indicator in more general terms, the article explores two types of implications. The first are conceptual implications that relate to an improved understanding of governance, democracy and economic development. They illustrate the highly contingent patterns that emerge from the Governance Triangle—the basis of the BGI's conceptual framework—for high-, middle- and low-income countries as well as political regimes, and caution against any notions of simple causalities in how countries develop. Second, we address policy implications in terms of managing the tensions inherent in the Governance Triangle in view of longer-term sustainability and resilience based on insights that can be gained with the help of the BGI. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13276 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 35 EP - 46 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Lang, Markus A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Introducing the Berggruen Governance Index II: Initial results, 2000–2019 JF - Global Policy N2 - This article presents an overview of some of the main findings from our analysis of the Berggruen Governance Index for the 2000–2019 period. It first examines overall governance performance across world regions, singles out general trends and identifies top and bottom performers. It then briefly reviews the comparative governance performance of world powers like the United States, Brazil, China, major European countries, India and Russia as well as other selected countries in the post-Soviet space. Finally, we address more analytic questions to show the versatility of the index for hypothesis testing and theoretical purposes. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13277 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 16 EP - 34 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Lang, Markus A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. T1 - Introducing the Berggruen Governance Index I: Conceptual and methodological framework JF - Global Policy N2 - Governance is at the heart of how well governments meet public needs and manage a wide array of common problems. Why do some countries perform poorly in delivering healthcare, reducing inequality, providing a clean environment or delivering some other public good to their populations even while they have the resources to do so? Does the capacity of states to provide the basics for societies to thrive depend on forms of democratic accountability that represents different interests, or are systems under technocratic control that impose solutions and disregard, even suppress, many voices better at meeting public needs? Existing indices do not systematically examine the relationship between the components that contribute to governance performance. In our understanding of governance, depicted as the Governance Triangle, public goods provision is a function of state capacity and accountability. Rather than focusing on a single composite performance measure, the Berggruen Governance Index examines the interactions among these dimensions. We find that the key to good governance is achieving a balance among the three dimensions on an upward and sustainable trajectory. This article introduces the Index and the conceptual and methodological framework that underpins it and then outlines the content of this special issue. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13278 VL - 14 IS - S4 SP - 5 EP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodríguez Sánchez, Alejandra A1 - Wucherpfennig, Julian A1 - Rischke, Ramona A1 - Iacus, Stefano Maria T1 - Search-and-rescue in the Central Mediterranean Route does not induce migration: Predictive modeling to answer causal queries in migration research JF - Scientific Reports N2 - State- and private-led search-and-rescue are hypothesized to foster irregular migration (and thereby migrant fatalities) by altering the decision calculus associated with the journey. We here investigate this ‘pull factor’ claim by focusing on the Central Mediterranean route, the most frequented and deadly irregular migration route towards Europe during the past decade. Based on three intervention periods—(1) state-led Mare Nostrum, (2) private-led search-and-rescue, and (3) coordinated pushbacks by the Libyan Coast Guard—which correspond to substantial changes in laws, policies, and practices of search-and-rescue in the Mediterranean, we are able to test the ‘pull factor’ claim by employing an innovative machine learning method in combination with causal inference. We employ a Bayesian structural time-series model to estimate the effects of these three intervention periods on the migration flow as measured by crossing attempts (i.e., time-series aggregate counts of arrivals, pushbacks, and deaths), adjusting for various known drivers of irregular migration. We combine multiple sources of traditional and non-traditional data to build a synthetic, predicted counterfactual flow. Results show that our predictive modeling approach accurately captures the behavior of the target time-series during the various pre-intervention periods of interest. A comparison of the observed and predicted counterfactual time-series in the post-intervention periods suggest that pushback policies did affect the migration flow, but that the search-and-rescue periods did not yield a discernible difference between the observed and the predicted counterfactual number of crossing attempts. Hence we do not find support for search-and-rescue as a driver of irregular migration. In general, this modeling approach lends itself to forecasting migration flows with the goal of answering causal queries in migration research. KW - Human behaviour KW - Population dynamics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38119-4 VL - 13 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilson, Nicole E. A1 - Hankinson, Michael A1 - Magazinnik, Asya A1 - Sands, Melissa T1 - Inaccuracies in Low Income Housing Geocodes: When and Why They Matter JF - Urban Affairs Review N2 - Scholars across disciplines frequently employ data on housing developments subsidized by the National Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC). We find that the geographic coordinates for these developments, generated by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), are frequently inaccurate. Using both the population of data from California and a national sample, we find that HUD-provided geocodes are inaccurate nearly half the time while Google-generated geocodes are almost always more accurate. However, while Google’s geolocation is more likely to be accurate, when it is inaccurate, it deviates from the true location by a much greater distance than HUD. We therefore recommend that scholars use Google-generated geocodes for most research applications where the localized environment matters; however, in studies where observations are aggregated to a larger area, researchers may prefer to use HUD geocodes, which are more frequently inaccurate but typically by smaller distances. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231165767 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bois, Julien A1 - Dawson, Mark T1 - Towards a legally plausible theory of judicialization in the European Union JF - Journal of European Integration N2 - This article examines the development of judicialization literature in the EU arguing that – in spite of the obvious advantages of interdisciplinary collaboration – scholarship on judicialization in law and political science is drafting apart in the 21st Century. While early political science research on the European Courts found theoretical inspiration in legal research, law and political science have increasingly diverging epistemological and methodological starting points. As the article argues, using prominent papers, this results in both disciplines producing partial accounts of judicial change with limited external validity. The article concludes by offering routes to improving the inter-disciplinary foundations of judicialization research. KW - Judicialization; interdisciplinarity; EU law; EU studies; law and politics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2023.2190104 VL - 45 IS - 5 SP - 823 EP - 842 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Haan, Peter A1 - Kemptner, Daniel A1 - Prowse, Victoria A1 - Schaller, Maximilian T1 - Insurance, Redistribution, and the Inequality of Lifetime Income T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Individuals vary considerably in how much they earn during their lifetimes. This study examines the role of the tax-and-transfer system in mitigating such inequalities, which could otherwise lead to disparities in living standards. Utilizing a life-cycle model, we determine that taxes and transfers offset 45% of lifetime earnings inequality attributed to differences in productive abilities and education. Additionally, the system insures against 48% of lifetime earnings risk. Implementing a lifetime tax reform linking annual taxes to previous employment could improve the system’s insurance capabilities, albeit at the cost of a lower employment rate. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 28 KW - Economics Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-51126 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5112 ET - No. 28 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ullrich, Hannes A1 - Ribers, Michael Allan T1 - Machine predictions and human decisions with variation in payoffs and skill: the case of antibiotic prescribing T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We analyze how machine learning predictions may improve antibiotic prescribing in the context of the global health policy challenge of increasing antibiotic resistance. Estimating a binary antibiotic treatment choice model, we find variation in the skill to diagnose bacterial urinary tract infections and in how general practitioners trade off the expected cost of resistance against antibiotic curative benefits. In counterfactual analyses we find that providing machine learning predictions of bacterial infections to physicians increases prescribing efficiency. However, to achieve the policy objective of reducing antibiotic prescribing, physicians must also be incentivized. Our results highlight the potential misalignment of social and heterogeneous individual objectives in utilizing machine learning for prediction policy problems. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 27 KW - Economics Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-51112 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5111 ET - No. 27 ER - TY - JFULL ED - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Special Issue: Advancing Governance Research: The Quest for a New Generation of Indicators T2 - Global Policy Y1 - 2023 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17585899/2023/14/S4 VL - 14 IS - S4 PB - Wiley ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Woll, Cornelia T1 - Corporate Crime and Punishment: The Politics of Negotiated Justice in Global Markets N2 - Over the past decade, many of the world’s biggest companies have found themselves embroiled in legal disputes over corruption, fraud, environmental damage, tax evasion, or sanction violations. Corporations including Volkswagen, BP, and Credit Suisse have paid record-breaking fines. Many critics of globalization and corporate impunity cheer this turn toward accountability. Others, however, question American dominance in legal battles that seem to impose domestic legal norms beyond national boundaries. In this book, Cornelia Woll examines the politics of American corporate criminal law’s extraterritorial reach. As governments abroad seek to respond to US law enforcement actions against their companies, they turn to flexible legal instruments that allow prosecutors to settle a case rather than bring it to court. With her analysis of the international and domestic politics of law enforcement targeting big business, Woll traces the rise of what she calls “negotiated corporate justice” in global markets. Woll charts the path to this shift through case studies of geopolitical tensions and accusations of “economic lawfare,” pitting the United States against the European Union, China, and Japan. She then examines the reactions to the new legal landscape, describing institutional changes in the common law countries of the United Kingdom and Canada and the civil law countries of France, Brazil, and Germany. Through an insightful interdisciplinary analysis of how the prosecution of corporate crime has evolved in the twenty-first century, Woll demonstrates the profound transformation of the relationship between states and private actors in world markets, showing that law is part of economic statecraft in the connected global economy. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691250328/corporate-crime-and-punishment SN - 9780691250328 PB - Princeton University Press CY - Princeton, New Jersey ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ostanina, Sascha T1 - The EU Military Assistance Mission for Ukraine - A peace actor who teaches to fight N2 - The EU Military Assistance Mission in Support of Ukraine (EUMAM UA) is designed to support Ukraine’s army in its fight against Russia’s invasion. A two-year mission envisions training 40,000 Ukrainian soldiers on Western weapons systems and aims to maximise the utility of military assistance provided to Ukraine by its international partners. Can EUMAM UA provide Ukraine with a decisive advantage that wins the war? In this policy brief, Sascha Ostanina argues that EUMAM UA requires a longer mandate for Ukrainian troops to overcome real-life constraints. Consequently, the training mission’s cumulative impact can turn EUMAM UA into one of the key components of Ukraine’s battlefield successes. To increase its cumulative impact, the EU should also standardise the content of EUMAM UA courses and merge EUMAM UA with other EU military aid measures set up for Ukraine. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/the-eu-military-assistance-mission-for-ukraine ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina ED - Clarke, Matthew ED - Zhao, Xinyu (Andy) T1 - Corruption and Development T2 - Elgar Encyclopedia of Development Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/elgar-encyclopedia-of-development-9781800372115.html SN - 978 1 80037 211 5 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Findeisen, Francesco T1 - The Club Approach: Towards Successful EU Critical Raw Materials Diplomacy N2 - The EU's supply chains for critical raw materials are heavily concentrated in a handful of countries, notably China. This exposes the European Green Deal Agenda to the twists and turns of geopolitics and external shocks, while the net-zero transition will add to global resource requirements. To diversify the sources of its supplies, the EU intends establishing a Critical Raw Materials Club—a forum where resource-hungry and resource-rich countries collaborate in diversifying critical raw materials value chains. This policy brief outlines the challenges the EU faces in setting up such a Club and discusses options for designing an effective model. It concludes that a hybrid version, one that starts with voluntary commitments, minimal structure, and a limited number of members and becomes more ambitious over time, offers the most promising design solution. However, to succeed with this approach, the EU must make a credible upfront funding commitment at the launch of the Club and streamline its fragmented development finance model. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/critical-raw-materials-club ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mack, Sebastian T1 - Show greenwashing the red card. How Europe can make sustainable finance work N2 - What Europe needs is not a regulatory pause, but better legislation. In record time, the EU has rolled out a comprehensive disclosure regime for sustainable finance. But the nascent regulatory framework is challenging to implement, remains vulnerable to abuse by those seeking to game the system and fails to provide meaningful guidance to investors. Despite detailed legislation, financial market participants differ significantly in their expectations of sustainable investment products and face the risk of greenwashing, where issuers - intentionally or unintentionally - make misleading sustainability claims. To enable private investment to finance Europe’s transition to net zero, this policy brief proposes short-term measures to combat greenwashing plus reforms that should be adopted once the next European Commission has assumed office. For the EU to uphold its status as a global benchmark for sustainable finance, lawmakers and regulators must urgently improve the rules in place and ensure that they are applied consistently across member states. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/make-sustainable-finance-work ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nguyen, Thu T1 - Warum sich die Europäische Union erweitern und reformieren muss N2 - Die Europäische Union muss sich erweitern, möchte sie ihre unmittelbare Nachbarschaft stabilisieren und dem Einfluss Russlands in der Region vorbeugen. In dieser Policy Position argumentiert Thu Nguyen, dass jedoch sowohl künftige Mitgliedstaaten als auch die EU für die Erweiterung bereit sein müssen. Dazu braucht es Reformen, vor allem in drei Bereichen: Rechtsstaatlichkeit, Handlungsfähigkeit und EU-Haushalt. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/de/publikationen/detail/publication/warum-sich-die-europaeische-union-erweitern-und-reformieren-muss ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindner, Johannes A1 - Findeisen, Francesco A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Turning challenges to EU competitiveness into opportunities N2 - The EU struggles to remain internationally competitive, with pressures intensifying since the Russian war in Ukraine. Many factors, most of them long-standing, determine EU competitiveness, such as lack of skilled labour, digitalisation, or quality of infrastructure. A vast literature exists on how to address these issues. This paper takes a narrower approach by focusing on three more recent levers for the EU to ensure its future competitiveness: devising an EU industrial policy, adapting to the changing energy landscape, and positioning the EU in a geopolitically tense environment. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/turning-challenges-of-eu-competitiveness-into-opportunities ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Woll, Cornelia T1 - Avoiding the Road Bumps of the Green Transition N2 - Green growth requires strategy and coordination. The green transition entails important costs and will fail politically if we do not address socio-economic inequalities. In this Policy Position, Cornelia Woll proposes three pathways to a net-zero economy by 2050 that ideally should be combined: (i) correcting market signals through taxonomies and taxation; (ii) developing a European industrial policy that supports green innovation but also rewards successful transition plans; (iii) facilitating the funding for companies and financial institutions lending to those invested in green technology. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/avoiding-the-road-bumps-of-the-green-transition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Backovsky, David A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Going Nuclear? Precedents and Options for the Transnational Governance of AI JF - Horizons Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.cirsd.org/en/horizons/horizons-summer-2023--issue-no24/going-nuclear SN - 2406-0402 IS - Summer 2023, No.24 SP - 84 EP - 95 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hankinson, Michael A1 - Magazinnik, Asya T1 - The Supply-Equity Trade-Off: The Effect of Spatial Representation on the Local Housing Supply JF - Journal of Politics N2 - Institutions that structure representation have systematically disadvantaged racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. We examine an understudied dimension of this problem: how local electoral rules shape the provision of collective goods in relation to racial groups. We leverage the California Voting Rights Act of 2001, which compelled over 100 cities to switch from at-large to district elections for city council, to causally identify how equalizing spatial representation changes the permitting of new housing. District elections decrease the supply of new multifamily housing, particularly in segregated cities with sizable and systematically underrepresented minority groups. But district elections also end the disproportionate channeling of new housing into minority neighborhoods. Together, our findings highlight a fundamental trade-off: at-large representation may facilitate the production of goods with diffuse benefits and concentrated costs, but it does so by forcing less politically powerful constituencies to bear the brunt of those costs. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/723818 VL - 85 IS - 3 SP - 1033 EP - 1047 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alexander, Dan A1 - Magazinnik, Asya T1 - Income Inequality and Electoral Theories of Polarization JF - Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy N2 - Both the academic political science literature and the popular discourse are replete with narratives seeking to explain the concurrent rise of income inequality and legislative polarization over the past half century. We focus on a prominent subset of such accounts, which posit the faithful representation of polarizing constituencies as the key causal mechanism linking the two phenomena, and which we therefore refer to as “electoral theories of polarization.” We show, however, that constructing a coherent, causal electoral theory of polarization is substantially more complicated than the literature has appreciated. First, we enumerate the necessary ingredients, with special emphasis on the importance of accounting for electoral geography. Second, we develop a causal framework for assessing the effect of income on polarization via a particular electoral channel, and we propose a set of estimation strategies that researchers may tailor to their particular model of how legislative ideology and partisanship are (co)determined. Third, we apply our framework to evaluate how well a model of self-interested “pocketbook voting” can explain patterns of polarization on the economic dimension observed in the U.S. Senate from 1984 to 2018. We conclude that voters’ private benefit from redistribution is unlikely to be a mechanism linking inequality to polarization. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1561/113.00000062 VL - 3 IS - 3-4 SP - 317 EP - 342 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abramson, Scott F. A1 - Kocak, Korhan A1 - Magazinnik, Asya T1 - What Do We Learn About Voter Preferences From Conjoint Experiments? JF - American Journal of Political Science N2 - Political scientists frequently interpret the results of conjoint experiments as reflective of majority preferences. In this article, we show that the target estimand of conjoint experiments, the average marginal component effect (AMCE), is not well defined in these terms. Even with individually rational experimental subjects, the AMCE can indicate the opposite of the true preference of the majority. To show this, we characterize the preference aggregation rule implied by the AMCE and demonstrate its several undesirable properties. With this result, we provide a method for placing bounds on the proportion of experimental subjects who prefer a given candidate feature. We describe conditions under which the AMCE corresponds in sign with the majority preference. Finally, we offer a structural interpretation of the AMCE and highlight that the problem we describe persists even when a model of voting is imposed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12714 VL - 66 IS - 4 SP - 1008 EP - 1020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abott, Carolyn A1 - Magazinnik, Asya T1 - At-Large Elections and Minority Representation in Local Government JF - American Journal of Political Science N2 - Despite a long history of legal challenges alleging that elections conducted at-large suppress minority representation, this remains the dominant electoral system in local governments throughout the United States. Moreover, a large empirical literature remains divided over the present-day impact of at-large elections on the political success of underrepresented groups. We reconcile the competing findings in this literature by providing contingent, causal estimates of the effect of conversion from at-large to ward elections on minority officeholding, using a novel identification strategy afforded by the California Voting Rights Act of 2001. We find a dramatic positive effect of conversion in districts where Latinos constitute a sufficiently large share of the voting population, and in large and residentially segregated districts. When these conditions are not satisfied, we consistently see null estimated effects. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12512 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 717 EP - 733 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Howell, William G. A1 - Magazinnik, Asya T1 - Financial Incentives in Vertical Diffusion: The Variable Effects of Obama's Race to the Top Initiative on State Policy Making JF - State Politics & Policy Quarterly N2 - A substantial body of empirical work documents the influence of federal monies on state policy making. Less attention, however, has been paid to the conditioning effects of states' prior financial health. Nearly always, apportioned monies cover only a fraction of the costs of federal policy reforms. The capacity of states to deploy supplementary resources, therefore, may inform the willingness of states to comply with the federal government's policy objectives. Focusing on Barack Obama's Race to the Top (RttT) initiative, we present new evidence that state responses to federal initiatives that carry financial rewards systematically vary with the amount of resources already on hand. States that survived the Great Recession with their education budgets largely intact, we find, tended to implement more RttT reforms overall, and especially more reforms that required substantial up-front financial commitments. These patterns of policy adoptions can be meaningfully attributed to RttT, are not the result of either prior or ancillary policy trends, and speak to the general importance of accounting for what states already have, above and beyond what the federal government is willing to offer, when studying the financial incentives of vertical diffusion. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1532440019888229 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 185 EP - 212 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Howell, William G. A1 - Magazinnik, Asya T1 - Presidential Prescriptions for State Policy: Obama's Race to the Top Initiative JF - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management N2 - With increasing frequency, U.S. presidents have orchestrated relations between federal and state governments. A defining feature of this "executive federalism" is a pragmatic willingness to both borrow from and reconstitute very different types of past federalisms. A case in point is President Barack Obama's Race to the Top (RttT) initiative, which sought to stimulate the adoption of specific education reforms in state governments around the country through a series of highly prescriptive but entirely voluntary policy competitions. This paper evaluates the results of such efforts. To do so, it draws on four original data sets: a nationally representative survey of state legislators, an analysis of State of the State speeches, another of state applications to the competitions themselves, and finally, an inventory of state policymaking trends in a range of education policies that were awarded under the competition. This paper then relies upon a variety of identification strategies to gauge the influence of RttT on the nation's education policy landscape. Taken as a whole the evidence suggests that RttT, through both direct and indirect means, augmented the production of state policies that were central components of the president's education agenda. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21986 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 502 EP - 531 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Muessel, Jarusch A1 - Ruhnau, Oliver A1 - Madlener, Reinhard T1 - Simulating charging behavior of electric vehicles: review and comparison with empirical data T2 - 19th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), Lappeenranta, Finland, 2023 N2 - Electric vehicles (EVs) are an important option to decarbonize the passenger transport sector and, therefore, critical to be adequately represented in energy system models. One of the main challenges is to model the volatility associated with charging EVs. We provide an overview of existing modeling approaches for this. We especially compare methods for simulating charging profiles and discuss their advantages and disadvantages, depending on the application. On that basis, we pick one simulation approach and generate time series for a case study of Germany in 2030. We assess the results and compare them with a large empirical dataset on EV charging in the UK. We derive recommendations for the future modeling of EVs. KW - ARIADNE Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM58374.2023.10161947 SP - 1 EP - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalleitner, Fabian A1 - Bobzien, Licia T1 - Taxed fairly? How differences in perception shape attitudes towards progressive taxation JF - European Sociological Review N2 - Empirically, the poor are more likely to support increases in the level of tax progressivity than the rich. Such income-stratified tax preferences can result from differences in preferences of what should be taxed as argued by previous literature. However, it may also result from income-stratified perceptions of what is taxed. This paper argues that the rich perceive higher levels of tax progressivity than the poor and that tax perceptions affect individuals’ support for progressive taxation. Using data from an Austrian survey experiment, we test this argument in three steps: First, in line with past research, we show that individuals’ income positions are connected to individuals’ tax preferences as a self-interest rationale would predict. However, second, we show that this variation is mainly driven by income-stratified tax perceptions. Third, randomly informing a subset of the sample about actual tax rates, we find that changing tax perceptions causally affects support for redistributive taxation among those who initially overestimated the level of tax progressivity. Our results indicate that tax perceptions are relevant for forming tax preferences and suggest that individuals are more polarized in their perceptions of who pays how much taxes than in their support for who should pay how much tax. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad060 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Comparative Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Sectors: Looking Back and Looking Forward JF - Voluntas N2 - While comparative research on nonprofit organizations has made much progress since the launch of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project in 1990, there now seems to be a loss of momentum. Some of the reasons for this have to do with aspects of definition, classification, and aggregation that can be corrected. The main issue, however, is the lack of progress in advancing comparative nonprofit sector theories beyond the social origins theory. To remedy this, the essay proposes four ways forward as part of a new research agenda. KW - Comparative nonprofit sector research KW - Structural-operational definition KW - Classification KW - Satellite accounts KW - Social origins theory Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-023-00608-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindner, Johannes A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - Gastkommentar: Warum Deutschland jetzt einen Europa-Pakt braucht JF - Handelsblatt N2 - Deutschland schwächelt und sollte sich wieder stärker auf den EU-Binnenmarkt konzentrieren, meinen Johannes Lindner und Nils Redeker. Sie fordern eine Modernisierungsstrategie. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.handelsblatt.com/meinung/gastbeitraege/gastkommentar-warum-deutschland-jetzt-einen-europa-pakt-braucht/29394152.html ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindner, Johannes A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - Germany Needs a Europe Pact N2 - German Chancellor Olaf Scholz recently presented a new “Germany-Pact” to advance the country, following media reporting that has portrayed Germany as the “sick man of Europe” due to its waning economy. However, as Johannes Lindner and Nils Redeker observe, Europe does not play a big role in this pact. In this op-ed, originally published in Handelsblatt, they explain why Germany should refocus on the EU single market and develop an overall strategy for modernising the country and Europe. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/germany-needs-a-europe-pact N1 - This policy position is also available in German: Lindner, J., & Redeker, N. (2023). Deutschland braucht einen Europapakt. https://www.delorscentre.eu/de/publikationen/detail/publication/germany-needs-a-europe-pact ER - TY - BOOK A1 - König, Franca T1 - The Rise of EU Police Cooperation: Governing Differentiated Integration N2 - This book provides an in-depth empirical analysis and theoretical history of the institutional development of EU police cooperation, with a focus on the creation and integration of Europol. Presenting a thoroughly comprehensive analysis, the book systematically traces integration dynamics and the evolution of EU police cooperation over a 40-year period, assessing the influence of cross-country interdependencies, politicisation and policy entrepreneurship on Member States’ behaviour and institutional choice. By combining a wealth of sources including previously unpublished sources and personal insights from key decision-makers, it explores which driving factors shape processes of differentiation and integration in this sovereignty-sensitive policy domain, and how, and attempts to explain state preferences on international police cooperation in the light of major theories of European integration. The book will be of key interest to students, scholars and practitioners working in or on the fields of police cooperation, Justice and Home Affairs policy, EU governance and security studies, both at national and European level. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.routledge.com/The-Rise-of-EU-Police-Cooperation-Governing-Differentiated-Integration/Konig/p/book/9781032200941?utm_source=individuals&utm_medium=shared_link&utm_campaign=B030664_nrw1_1au_7pp_d876_november2022inproduction SN - 9781032200941 PB - Routledge ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nalule, Caroline T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Kenya N2 - This report discusses the evolution of the refugee recognition regime (RRR) in Kenya, chiefly over the period of 2000-2020. It highlights the government’s responses towards refugee protection, its bifurcated approach towards refugees based on where they reside, the challenges faced by protection seekers in the recognition process, and the shifts in responsibility between the government and UNHCR. The report is based on extensive desk-based research as well as original fieldwork, including interviews and focus group discussions with adult asylum seekers and refugees, as well as officers involved in refugee status determination (RSD) processes. The research targeted refugees and asylum seekers from the top four recognised nationalities in Kenya in the 20-year period: Somalis, South Sudanese, Ethiopians, and Congolese from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 05 KW - Kenya profile; RSD; Refugee recognition institutions; Refugee recognition regime; UNHCR Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50854 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5085 ET - No. 05 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöfer, Till T1 - From Developing Country Leader to Flexible Negotiator: New Directions in Brazilian Trade Strategy JF - World Trade Review N2 - Brazil has changed its negotiation strategy in World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. In the first half of the WTO era (1995–), Brazil adopted a strong developing country leadership role as coordinator and spokesperson of the G20 group of developing countries. More recently, however, this group has disappeared from the negotiation scene. This article examines how Brazil has departed from a 2000 status quo and arrived at a more flexible approach, less reliant on the industrialized-developing divide as a structuring principle of its diplomacy. Using WTO negotiation documents, trade delegate interviews, dispute settlement case law, and secondary literature, I outline the contours of new directions in Brazilian trade policy. These include joint legislative initiatives with the EU, a move towards the plurilateral level on non-traditional issues, a greater heterogeneity of dispute settlement targets, and a newly flexible handling of its rights under the WTO's special and differential treatment status. The article contributes to ongoing debates on Brazil's status in international affairs, its reliance on large coalitions, and the maintenance of followership as key directives of its foreign policy, and scholarship that sees Brazil as stuck in a ‘graduation dilemma’. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745623000319 SP - 1 EP - 28 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn ED - Szabó, Marcel ED - Gyeney, Laura ED - Láncos, Petra Lea T1 - Off Track, Again? EU Citizenship and the Right to Social Assistance JF - Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law N2 - The right of EU citizens to equal treatment with nationals of the host Member State in respect of social assistance has been subject to significant changes on several occasions between the Treaty of Maastricht and now. The CJEU has struggled to establish consistent standards prescribing when economically inactive citizens can claim social protection, and in 2014 its tendency to construe this right broadly suddenly came to an end. It backtracked on one-and-a-half decades of case law by ruling that citizens could lay no claim to social assistance unless the respective conditions set out in secondary legislation were met. This article discusses the relevant law and its evolution over the past decades for a twofold aim. (i) First, to clarify in an accessible manner in what respects the law has changed from 1993 to the present. (ii) Second, to articulate a framework that allows us to evaluate the CJEU judgments rendered during this period. This framework departs from established ways of thinking about this evaluative question. Much of the EU citizenship literature evaluates the case law by the outcome it brings about. I will argue, instead, that this evaluation is a matter of comparative institutional choice. Such a comparative institutional assessment shows that disputes over the right of EU citizens to claim social assistance should be decided in line with what the EU legislature intended. It follows that the application of a principle of judicial deference to legislation in the second period of social assistance case law from 2014 onwards was justified. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.hungarianyearbook.com/volumes SN - 978-90-4730-177-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5553/HYIEL/266627012023011001003 SN - 2666-2701 VL - 11 SP - 18 EP - 36 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - The Protected Grounds of Religion and Belief: Lessons for EU Non-Discrimination Law JF - German Law Journal N2 - The article draws lessons for EU non-discrimination law from the protected grounds of religion and belief through a discussion of the CJEU’s headscarf judgments. The article has two ambitions. First, the judgments are used to draw broader lessons for EU non-discrimination law, in relation to the distinction between and the justification of direct and indirect discrimination, as well as the purpose of protecting against (religious) discrimination. Second, these lessons are used to analyze the headscarf judgments and the criticism directed at them. While there is widespread agreement that the CJEU erred in these judgments, there is little agreement as to what mistakes were made. Through a discussion of these judgments, the article clarifies the difference between direct and indirect discrimination and the justification of both forms of discrimination. It is argued that the headscarf cases correctly distinguished between direct and indirect discrimination, and that the problem lies in the justificatory burden for indirect discriminatory measures, which was set too low by the CJEU. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.54 VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 855 EP - 880 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - Taking the Gamble? A Legal and Political Analysis of the Possible Suspension of the Hungarian Council Presidency N2 - Despite its increasingly autocratic style of governance, Hungary is set to take over the Presidency of the Council of Ministers in the second half of 2024, Martijn van den Brink (Jacques Delors Centre, Hertie School of Governance) writes in his CEU DI Working Paper. Since doubts exist about the country’s capacity to exercise the responsibilities that come with this office, different proposals have been put forward to suspend a Hungarian Presidency. This paper offers a legal and political analysis of these proposals. First, the author argues that the proposals in their current form are inconsistent with the requirement in Article 16(9) TEU that the Presidency of the Council shall be held by the Member States on the basis of equal rotation. It is in line with this provision to delay a Hungarian Presidency for some time, but not to sanction the country for as long as it continues to violate the rule of law. Secondly, being mindful of these legal constraints, he questions whether delaying a Hungarian Presidency is a smart choice politically. The choice of delaying a Hungarian Council Presidency is something of a gamble. The analysis suggests it might be better to allow Hungary to chair the Council in the second half of 2024 rather than in several years. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://democracyinstitute.ceu.edu/articles/martijn-van-den-brink-taking-gamble-legal-and-political-analysis-possible-suspension PB - Central European University, Democracy Institute ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Qumri, Samia A1 - Turner, Lewis T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Jordan N2 - This paper explores the refugee recognition regime in Jordan, the country hosting the second highest number of refugees per capita in the world. Against the background of a relative dearth of literature on refugee recognition regimes – in Jordan and more widely – this desk-based study analyses the norms, institutions, modes of recognition, quality of recognition processes, and quality of protection of the Jordanian refugee recognition regime. It focuses on the four key national ‘cohorts’ – Iraqis, Sudanese, Syrians and Yemenis. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 04 KW - Jordan profile; RSD; Refugee recognition institutions; Refugee recognition regime; UNHCR Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50824 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5082 ET - No. 04 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Obendiek, Anke T1 - Data Governance: Value Orders and Jurisdictional Conflicts Y1 - 2022 UR - https://global.oup.com/academic/product/data-governance-9780192870193?cc=de&lang=en& SN - 9780192870193 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stoll, Julius T1 - How not to Reduce Commission Rates of Real Estate Agents: Evidence From Germany T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This paper studies a recent legal reform in Germany, which aims to lower commission rates of real estate agents by raising the cost salience of sellers. I find that the reform has backfired and real estate agents have exploited the transition to increase their commission rates. The findings document that in some regions real estate agents increase their commission by up to 2 percentage points, adding over € 6,000 in transaction cost to the average home sale. As explicit collusion is unlikely in this setting, I argue that this arbitrary increase points to seller ignorance instead. To verify if and why sellers fail to induce price competition, I run a pre-registered survey experiment with 1,062 real estate agents. Although commission rates should be negotiated independently for each sale, the survey confirms that 85% of sellers do not attempt to negotiate lower commission rates. The randomized experimental questions suggest that real estate agents may cater to the low willingness of sellers to negotiate by providing misleading reference commission rates and shrouding the economic incidence for sellers. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 26 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50778 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5077 ET - No. 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prasad, Shubha Kamala A1 - Nooruddin, Irfan T1 - States living in glasshouses …: Why fighting domestic insurgency changes how countries vote in the UN human rights council JF - Conflict Management and Peace Science N2 - How do conflicts within a country's borders affect its behavior beyond them? We argue that fighting insurgencies at home shapes a country's human rights posture at the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC). States often suppress insurgencies using methods that violate their international human rights commitments. They are therefore hesitant to condemn other countries’ alleged violations for fear of reciprocal condemnation of their own actions. This is especially true in countries with greater media freedom where the media is more likely to hold the state accountable for human rights violations, and to highlight its apparent hypocrisy internationally. Such states, we argue, are more likely to vote against or abstain from resolutions that target individual states for human rights transgressions. We test this claim with a global statistical analysis of country voting patterns at the UNHRC from 1973 to 2017. Our results yield new insights into the determinants of countries’ voting behavior in multilateral human rights fora. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942231198489 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Griffin, Rachel T1 - Climate Breakdown as a Systemic Risk in the Digital Services Act N2 - Digital technologies have substantial environmental impacts. The EU’s 2022 Digital Services Act (DSA) requires the largest platforms and search engines to regularly assess “systemic risks” to various social interests – including public health, physical wellbeing, security, and fundamental rights – and to reasonably and proportionately mitigate these risks. Climate change and other escalating environmental crises severely threaten these interests. Accordingly, this policy brief argues that the DSA requires these companies to take reasonable measures to reduce their environmental impacts. This should notably include following best practices to minimise energy and water usage, including “sustainability by design” obligations to pursue less energy- and resource-intensive technologies, design choices, and business practices wherever possible. It should also include measures addressing platforms’ indirect environmental impacts, such as the facilitation of environmentally-damaging behaviour by third-party businesses. Since the DSA’s risk mitigation obligations apply specifically to the largest platforms – which exercise significant influence over broader technological and commercial ecosystems – regulatory pressure on these companies to take such measures could have outsized environmental benefits. This policy brief by Rachel Griffin, PhD candidate at Sciences Po Law School, offers a legal analysis of the DSA’s relevance to environmental policy and explains why environmental risks are within its scope. It then outlines appropriate measures to mitigate platforms’ direct and indirect environmental impacts. It concludes with recommendations for platform companies, regulators, and civil society on how to realise the Digital Services Act’s potential to help secure a more sustainable tech industry. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50755 UR - https://www.hertie-school.org/en/news/detail/content/climate-breakdown-as-a-systemic-risk-in-the-digital-services-act U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5075 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Günther, Tom A1 - Schneider, Ulrich C. A1 - Stürmer-Heiber, Fabian T1 - Working More for Less: Part-time Penalties Across the Working Hours Distribution? T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We use German administrative and survey data to investigate the heterogeneity of part-time penalties in hourly wages and growth rates. Exploiting tax reforms for identification, we find substantial heterogeneity in part-time wage penalties from −28.3% to −7.2% compared to full-time. The heterogeneity in wage growth penalties is less pronounced. Both penalties do not decrease linearly with additional working hours. More weekly working hours might result in a higher hourly wage penalty. The shape of the penalties is driven by workers with non-demanding tasks and professions where working around 30 weekly hours is uncommon, and relatively many females work. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 25 KW - part-time employment KW - wage dynamics KW - female labor supply Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50744 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5074 ET - No. 25 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Winkelmann, Lars A1 - Yao, Wenying T1 - Tests for Jumps in Yield Spreads T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This paper studies high-frequency econometric methods to test for a jump in the spread of bond yields. We propose a coherent inference procedure that detects a jump in the yield spread only if at least one of the two underlying bonds displays a jump. Ignoring this inherent connection by basing inference only on a univariate jump test applied to the spread tends to overestimate the number of jumps in yield spreads and puts the coherence of test results at risk. We formalize the statistical approach in the context of an intersection union test in multiple testing. We document the relevance of coherent tests and their practicability via simulations and real data examples. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 24 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50731 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5073 ET - No. 24 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Çalı, Başak ED - Kajtár, Gábor ED - Çalı, Başak ED - Milanovic, Marko T1 - Proving Bad Faith in International Law: Lessons from the Article 18 Case law of the European Court of Human Rights T2 - Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals Y1 - 2022 SN - 9780192869012 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kajtár, Gábor A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Milanovic, Marko ED - Kajtár, Gábor ED - Çalı, Başak ED - Milanovic, Marko T1 - Introduction: Secondary Rules of Primary Importance T2 - Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals Y1 - 2022 SN - 9780192869012 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Winkelmann, Lars T1 - Tests for Jumps in Yield Spreads T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - This paper studies high-frequency econometric methods to test for a jump in the spread of bond yields. We propose a coherent inference procedure that detects a jump in the yield spread only if at least one of the two underlying bonds displays a jump. Ignoring this inherent connection by basing inference only on a univariate jump test applied to the spread tends to overestimate the number of jumps in yield spreads and puts the coherence of test results at risk. We formalize the statistical approach in the context of an intersection union test in multiple testing. We document the relevance of coherent tests and their practicability via simulations and real data examples. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 24 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50697 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-hsog/frontdoor/index/index/docId/5073 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5069 N1 - Document was deleted and is now available at the URL above. ET - No. 24 ER - TY - THES A1 - Oswald, Lisa T1 - Public Discourse in Online Environments. Contributions to description, measurement and communication behavior change in political online ecosystems N2 - The public discourse is an essential element of democracy. Today, political information consumption is largely mediated through digital technologies and important political discussions have moved to online platforms. This dissertation examines different elements and dynamics of the online public discourse within five research articles. First, a systematic review synthesizes evidence on the broader relationship between digital media and democracy, which highly depends on political context. While most beneficial effects of information access and political participation can be found in autocratic regimes and emerging democracies, there is more reason for concern in established democracies where negative effects on political trust, populism and polarization accumulate. Next, using digital trace data combined with survey data to zoom into the political information ecosystem in Germany, I find that it consists of far more than news media, but that in-depth political discussions also take place in seemingly unpolitical niches of the internet. While the user base of online public broadcasting consists of a comparably narrow audience, most citizens consume political content via mainstream information hubs that can provide a common basis for public discourse. The most predictive variable for selection into political information consumption is political knowledge, not partisanship. However, people who actively write comments online show more extreme political opinions, highlighting differences between active and passive political engagement online. This differential selection pattern is further mirrored in the final project, where high levels of social media activity also relate to stronger comment toxicity. An agenda to reduce online toxicity requires an efficient method to measure the quality of online discussions. Using discussion data from Reddit, I compare simple computational measures to manual content coding and find that an automated toxicity classifier combined with the length of comments corresponds to established indicators of deliberative quality. I then develop a preemptive strategy with the aim to reduce toxicity in political discussions among highly active social media users. Testing various behavioral interventions, I find that simple ‘nudges’ in the user interface do not reduce the toxicity of comments. However, mixed findings on a more complex ‘boosting’ intervention, explaining the role of empathy and perspective taking for political discussions, evince opportunities to open up online public discourse for those who may otherwise be silenced by high levels of toxicity. Especially when combined with established approaches of survey methodology and content analysis, computational social science commands many tools to map elements and dynamics of the online public discourse from a holistic perspective. This does not only bear potential to reconnect theoretical ideals of the public sphere with real life online, but it also enables the generation of evidence for policymakers and civil society to keep up with the pace of the fast moving target of digital media. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 08/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50666 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5066 N1 - List of publications 1. Lorenz-Spreen, P., Oswald, L., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2023). A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01460-1 2. Oswald, L. (2022). More than news! Mapping the deliberative potential of a political online ecosystem with digital trace data. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/68udg 3. Oswald, L., Munzert, S., Barberá, P., Guess, A., & Yang, J. (2022). Beyond the tip of the iceberg? Exploring characteristics of the online public with digital trace data. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/yfmzh 4. Oswald, L. (2022). Automating the analysis of online deliberation? A comparison of manual and computational measures applied to climate change discussions. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/qmzwx 5. Oswald, L. (2023). Effects of preemptive empathy interventions on reply toxicity among highly active social media users. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/evdxy N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D008 + 2023D008+1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - von Schnurbein, Georg T1 - Das Problem mit der Philantropie T2 - Gutes tun oder es besser lassen? Philanthropie zwischen Kritik und Anerkennung Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.merianverlag.ch/produkt/kultur-und-gesellschaft/gutes-tun-oder-es-besser-lassen/d56e67eb-a50b-4860-92ee-9bc103e0d5de.html SN - 978-3-03969-012-1 SP - 37 EP - 50 PB - Christoph Merian Verlag CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zysset, Alain A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - Exhausting domestic remedies or exhausting the rule of law? Revisiting the normative basis of procedural subsidiarity in the European Human Rights System JF - Transnational Legal Theory N2 - In recent years, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights has seen a new normative turn in grounding subsidiarity when interpreting the substantive rights in the European Convention on Human Rights. The Court has placed emphasis on subsidiarity considerations when the respondent state can demonstrate the democratic and rule of law pedigree of its rights-interfering actions. The Court’s interpretation of the procedural rule of the exhaustion of domestic remedies has not caught up with this new normative turn. This article argues for the ‘normative realignment’ thesis. Grounds for substantive subsidiarity are normatively defensible on democracy and rule of law considerations, and grounds for procedural subsidiarity can and should be more closely aligned with the same considerations. KW - European Court of Human Rights, subsidiarity, exhaustion of domestic remedies, margin of appreciation, democracy and the rule of law Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20414005.2023.2232601 VL - 14 IS - 2 SP - 157 EP - 177 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Boken, Johannes A1 - Mirko, Draca A1 - Mastrorocco, Nicola A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna T1 - DP18337 The Returns to Viral Media: The Case of US Campaign Contributions N2 - Social media has changed the structure of mass communication. In this paper we explore its role in influencing political donations. Using a daily dataset of campaign contributions and Twitter activity for US Members of Congress 2019-2020, we find that attention on Twitter (as measured by likes) is positively correlated with the amount of daily small donations received. However, this is not true for everybody: the impact on campaign donations is highly skewed, indicating very concentrated returns to attention that are in line with a ‘winner-takes-all’ market. Our results are confirmed in a geography-based causal design linking member’s donations across states. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://cepr.org/publications/dp18337 PB - CEPR Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - Attitudes on Urban Mobility Policies. Results from a Survey in Berlin N2 - Urban mobility policies and the discussion around them have gained traction in many European cities, including Berlin. This policy brief presents survey evidence examining the preferences of citizens of Berlin city on mobility policy changes. The survey covers the expansion of bike infrastructure, the creation of traffic-calmed neighborhoods (Kiezblocks akin to Barcelona’s superblocks), the implementation of a 30km/h speed limit on main roads, increased parking fees, and introduction of congestion charges. The results indicate majority support for more cycle paths and a further roll out of Kiezblocks. In contrast, only a third of respondents support an increase in parking fees and the introduction of a congestion charge. Support and opposition is strongly correlated with education, political attitudes and car (vs bike) ownership. KW - Mobility Transition Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.hertie-school.org/en/news/detail/content/survey-majority-of-berliners-in-favour-of-expanding-bike-paths-and-low-traffic-neighbourhoods PB - Hertie School CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mastrorocco, Nicola A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna A1 - Pograxha, Matteo A1 - Wolton, Stephane T1 - DP18383 Man Bites Dog: Editorial Choices and Biases in the Reporting of Weather Events N2 - Every day, editors of media outlets decide what is news and what is not. In this paper, we unpack the process of news production by looking at the share of newscasts devoted to weather events---deviations in temperatures from the historical mean---by local TV stations in the United States. We show that not all weather events receive the same attention. Large deviations receive substantially more coverage than typical temperatures, and the greater the deviation, the higher the coverage. We also document the presence of both publication and presentation bias. Even after controlling for station fixed effects, TV stations in Democratic-leaning media markets report more on extreme temperature deviations and are more likely to evoke climate change than outlets in markets with a large Republican audience. We propose a stylised model of news production and consumption with citizens valuing uncommon events and suffering from a form of confirmation bias to explain the empirical patterns we find Y1 - 2023 UR - https://cepr.org/publications/dp18383 PB - CEPR Press ER - TY - THES A1 - Brüggmann, Daniel T1 - Consequences of Divorce in Germany N2 - This cumulative dissertation investigates the economic consequences of divorce in Germany. It includes a general introduction (Chapter 1), three research papers (Chapters 2, 3 and 4) and one article that validates the data quality (Chapter 5). The analysis is based on register data from the statutory German pension fund. The data provide not only large sample sizes but also detailed earnings, employment and marital histories of the divorcees. On the basis of these data, the (causal) effects of divorce on employment, health and earnings are examined by relying on the propensity score framework. However, because propensity scores are sensible to the estimation strategy and the observed covariates, robustness checks with alternative estimation frameworks are also performed. Finally, to address the issue of hidden bias, estimated results are also challenged by sensitivity analyses. The results may be summarised as follows: Among other strategies, women can cope with economic strain connected with divorce by increasing their labor supply and/or by earning higher incomes (compared to their married counterparts). While the income effect is negligible, the employment effect is very pronounced. I find particularly strong negative employment effects with respect to marginal employment and strong positive effects with respect to regular employment. Furthermore, the lower the labour market attachment before separation, the more pronounced the employment effect. Aside from labour market outcomes, health (measured in days of work disability) also declined considerably around the time of separation. However, I demonstrate that a naïve descriptive investigation would overestimate the effect of divorce on health because there is substantial selection into divorce. Thus, poor health is not only a cause of divorce but also a pathway to divorce. Lastly, the data set allowed me to link former couples and examine their employment and earning trajectories across divorce. Results indicate that women’s earnings increased in the years around divorce, whereas their ex-partner’s earnings declined. Nevertheless, huge gender differences persist. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 07/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50610 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5061 N1 - Parts of the dissertation have been published: Chapter 2: Women’s employment, income and divorce in West Germany: A causal approach. The version of record of this article, first published in Journal for Labour Market Research, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-020-00270-0 Brüggmann, D. (2020). Women’s employment, income and divorce in West Germany: A causal approach. Journal for Labour Market Research, 54(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12651-020-00270-0 Chapter 3: Earnings Trajectories after Divorce: The Legacies of the Earner Model during Marriage. The version of record of this article, first published in Population Research and Policy Review, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09756-4 Brüggmann, D., & Kreyenfeld, M. (2023). Earnings Trajectories After Divorce: The Legacies of the Earner Model During Marriage. Population Research and Policy Review, 42(2), 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09756-4 Chapter 4: Work disability and divorce. Published in: Brüggmann, D. (2020). Work Disability and Divorce. In M. Kreyenfeld & H. Trappe (Eds.), Parental Life Courses after Separation and Divorce in Europe (pp. 289–308). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44575-1_14 Chapter 5: Statutory Pension Insurance Accounts and divorce: A new scientific use file. The final publication is available at www.degruyter.com. Keck, W., Radenacker, A., Brüggmann, D., Kreyenfeld, M., & Mika, T. (2020). Statutory Pension Insurance Accounts and Divorce: A New Scientific Use File. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 240(6), 825–835. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2019-0064 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D007 + 2023D007+1 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kayser, Mark A. A1 - Leininger, Arndt ED - Hellwig, Timothy ED - Singer, Matthew T1 - The Economy and Chancellor Approval in Germany: A Cautionary Tale about Data Vintages and Measurement T2 - Economics and Politics Revisited: Executive Approval and the New Calculus of Support Y1 - 2023 SN - 9780192871664 PB - Oxford University Press ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Rethinking Corruption Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/rethinking-corruption-9781800379824.html SN - 9781800379824 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Evans, Katie D. A1 - Robbins, Scott A. A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Do We Collaborate With What We Design? JF - Topics in Cognitive Science N2 - The use of terms like “collaboration” and “co-workers” to describe interactions between human beings and certain artificial intelligence (AI) systems has gained significant traction in recent years. Yet, it remains an open question whether such anthropomorphic metaphors provide either a fertile or even a purely innocuous lens through which to conceptualize designed commercial products. Rather, a respect for human dignity and the principle of transparency may require us to draw a sharp distinction between real and faux peers. At the heart of the concept of collaboration lies the assumption that the collaborating parties are (or behave as if they are) of similar status: two agents capable of comparable forms of intentional action, moral agency, or moral responsibility. In application to current AI systems, this not only seems to fail ontologically but also from a socio-political perspective. AI in the workplace is primarily an extension of capital, not of labor, and the AI “co-workers” of most individuals will likely be owned and operated by their employer. In this paper, we critically assess both the accuracy and desirability of using the term “collaboration” to describe interactions between humans and AI systems. We begin by proposing an alternative ontology of human–machine interaction, one which features not two equivalently autonomous agents, but rather one machine that exists in a relationship of heteronomy to one or more human agents. In this sense, while the machine may have a significant degree of independence concerning the means by which it achieves its ends, the ends themselves are always chosen by at least one human agent, whose interests may differ from those of the individuals interacting with the machine. We finally consider the motivations and risks inherent to the continued use of the term “collaboration,” exploring its strained relation to the concept of transparency, and consequences for the future of work. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12682 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rintamäki, Jukka A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Foster, William M. A1 - Zundel, Mike ED - Decker, Stephanie ED - Foster, William M. ED - Giovannoni, Elena T1 - The interview and researching collective memory T2 - Handbook of Historical Methods for Management Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-historical-methods-for-management-9781800883734.html SN - 9781800883734 SP - 412 EP - 424 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - Steckel, Jan A1 - Jakob, Michael A1 - Fahl, Ulrich A1 - Feist, Marian A1 - Görlach, Benjamin A1 - Kühner, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Tänzler, Dennis A1 - Zeller, Marie T1 - Eckpunkte zur Entwicklung einer Klimaaußenpolitikstrategie Deutschlands N2 - Eine kohärente Klimaaußenpolitik (KAP) Deutschlands ist essentiell für das Gelingen sowohl der nationalen und europäischen Energiewende als auch für die effektive Unterstützung ambitionierter Klimapolitik außerhalb der Europäischen Union. Ziel dieses Ariadne-Hintergrundpapiers ist es, einen Diskussionsbeitrag zur Strukturierung der Debatte um die Eckpunkte und Optionen zur Ausarbeitung und Weiterentwicklung der deutschen KAP-Strategie zu leisten. Dazu werden vier Kategorien relevanter Ziele unterschieden. Diese reichen von klassischen klimapolitischen Zielen über industriepolitische sowie sicherheits- und handelspolitische Ziele hin zu breiteren außenpolitischen Zielen. Für jedes Ziel müssen entsprechende Mittel identifiziert werden, mit denen es erreicht werden kann, und Barrieren, die ihm im Weg stehen und entsprechend bedacht werden müssen. Für die Charakterisierung und Analyse verschiedener Mittel werden fünf Kategorien vorgeschlagen. Eine zentrale, aber in der Bewertung konzeptionell und empirisch herausfordernde Kategorie ist dabei das Transformationspotenzial einer Maßnahme. Im Fall von Zielkonflikten und begrenzten Ressourcen müssen Ziele priorisiert werden. Wir skizzieren dafür einen analytischen Rahmen und diskutieren illustrativ mögliche Optionen zur strategischen Gesamtausrichtung. Diese umfassen zum einen KAP-Gesamtstrategien von Staaten gegenüber allen anderen Ländern, und zum anderen Strategien für spezifische Staaten (z.B. die deutsche Strategie für den Umgang mit Indien oder Südafrika). Dabei können Strategien in einem Kontinuum von maximaler Priorisierung von Klimazielen (Klimapolitik First) bis hin zur nachrangigen Behandlung (Klimapolitik als Mittel zum Zweck) verortet und entsprechend ausgestaltet werden. Neben den Inhalten der Strategie werden Fragen der Organisation und Koordination in der Entwicklung und Implementierung der KAP-Strategie in den Blick genommen und die nächsten Schritte diskutiert. Eine erfolgreiche KAP-Strategie sollte dabei von Beginn an zwischen zentralen Stakeholdern im In- und Ausland in jeweils geeigneten Formaten erarbeitet, implementiert und im Sinne eines Lernprozesses fortlaufend angepasst werden. Eine KAP sollte sich in die breitere Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik Deutschlands einfügen, da relevante Politikfelder auf verschiedenen Ebenen eng miteinander verbunden sind. Bei der Erarbeitung der neuen KAP-Strategie der Bundesregierung sollte dazu insbesondere auf Kohärenz zur deutschen Sicherheits- und der Chinastrategie geachtet werden. Grundlage der Strategieentwicklung ist die Klärung möglicher Ziele und Mittel der deutschen KAP und ihrer Wechselwirkungen miteinander. Eine KAP-Strategie muss durch Analysen zu Umsetzbarkeit und Kosten, politischen Widerständen und Zielkonflikten informiert sein und die normativen Vorgaben der deutschen Außenpolitik berücksichtigen. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/eckpunkte_klimaaussenpolitikstrategie/ PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mejía, Luis E. T1 - Regulatory policy choice in post-reform contexts: The case of industrial safety regulation in Mexico's oil and gas industry JF - Regulation & Governance N2 - How do the systemic features of a developing country shape regulatory policy choices? This paper examines the rationale behind the regulatory strategy adopted by Mexico's Safety, Energy, and Environment Agency (the ASEA), established after the country's 2013 energy reform to oversee the environmental and industrial safety of the entire national oil and gas sector. Building on the literature on high-hazard regulation and the necessary conditions for effective regulatory design, we examine 24 core regulatory-oversight instruments implemented by the agency in its initial years of operation. Our evidence suggests that the ASEA's regulatory strategy was shaped by the disparities in resources across different sectors of the country's oil and gas industry and the agency's limited capacity to oversee every stage of the industrial process systematically. These findings provide a greater understanding of the challenges faced by agencies seeking to oversee high-hazard industries in post-reform and developing contexts. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12548 ER - TY - THES A1 - Darius, Philipp T1 - Are social media platforms accelerators of democratic fragmentation? An inquiry into the relationship of democratic fragmentation and social media platforms in three political arenas: political campaigns, protest movements and democratic institutions N2 - Whilst social media platforms provide global communication environments, these platforms are not primarily designed for political debates. This may have adverse effects on democracy and contribute to democratic fragmentation. This dissertation project investigates the role of social media platforms as potential accelerators of fragmentation in established democracies. The overarching question of this dissertation explores to what extent social media platforms may contribute to fragmentation that may result in the erosion of democracy. This dissertation comprises three articles focusing on three political arenas 1) political campaigns, 2) protest movements, and 3) democratic institutions. The first paper investigates the polarisation of online political behaviour on Twitter in democratic election campaigns. The analysis is based on Twitter data of German political parties and election hashtags during the final week of the 2017 and 2021 German Federal elections. The study’s findings suggest that the far-right party AfD seeks to polarise online discourse as a strategy and that far-right online partisans may influence the public reception of politicians and established parties. The second paper examines the formation of protest movements on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The study monitors two established conspiracy narratives and their communities on Twitter, the anti-vaccination and anti-5G communities, before and during the first UK lockdown. The study finds that, despite content moderation efforts by Twitter, conspiracy groups were able to proliferate their messages and influence broader public discourses on Twitter, such as #Lockdown in the United Kingdom. The findings underline social platforms' potential for protest formation that can result in disinformed social movements. The third paper inspects social platform companies’ mimicking of democratic institutions like Meta’s oversight board for content decisions that may erode existing democratic institutions. The study traces the emergence of the supreme court metaphor for Meta’s oversight board and its use in the US News discourse. The findings emphasise how private organisations and the use of constitutional metaphors can erode the legitimacy of supreme courts and other democratic institutions. The dissertation’s findings imply that social media platforms, besides their democratically desirable function for democratic participation and deliberative potentials, contribute to democratic fragmentation in the inspected arenas of political campaigns, disinformed protest movements and democratic institutions. Thus, extended research data access is key to better understanding the social implications of social media platforms and finding adequate regulations of recommender systems, content moderation, and advertisement-based business models. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 06/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50557 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5055 N1 - Parts of the dissertation have been published: Chapter 3: Darius P (2022) “Who Polarizes Twitter? Ideological Polarisation, Partisan Groups and Strategic Networked Campaigning on Twitter during the 2017 and 2021 German Federal Elections ‘Bundestagswahlen.’” Social Network Analysis and Mining 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00958-w. The version of record of this article, first published in Social Network Analysis and Mining, is available online at the Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00958-w Chapter 4: Darius P, Urquhart M (2021) “Disinformed Social Movements: A Large-Scale Mapping of Conspiracy Narratives as Online Harms during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Online Social Networks and Media 26: 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2021.100174 Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Chapter 5: Cowls J, Darius P, Santistevan D, Schramm M (2022) “Constitutional Metaphors: Facebook’s ‘Supreme Court’ and the Legitimation of Platform Governance.” New Media & Society, April 5, 2022, 14614448221085560. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221085559 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D006 + 2023D006+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auz, Juan T1 - The political ecology of earth system law: outlining a lex capitalocenae JF - Wisconsin International Law Journal Y1 - 2023 UR - https://wilj.law.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1270/2023/07/217-244-Auz_Proof_Final-1.pdf VL - 40 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Claassen, Casper Hendrik A1 - Choi, Jung Eun A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Forging a Local Social Economy: On the Institutional Work of Local Governments in South Korea JF - Public Performance & Management Review N2 - This study investigates the strategies local governments can employ to stimulate the growth of the local social economy sector—a sector associated with improving residents’ subjective well-being. Acknowledging the under-explored but potentially pivotal role of local government as a catalyst, our research uses an institutionalist lens—focusing on institutional work, support, and public-sector entrepreneurship—to examine how local governments can encourage the establishment of social economy organizations. We adopt a Partial Least Squares Model-Structural Equation Modeling approach to analyze data from 69 South Korean urban metropolitan local governments between 2018 and 2020. Our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between the regulatory, administrative, and intermediary support mechanisms implemented by local governments and the scale of the local social economy. By integrating public-sector entrepreneurship with institutional perspectives, our findings enrich existing literature and provide insight into the strategic initiatives local governments can adopt to foster social entrepreneurship. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2023.2243467 SN - 1530-9576 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmauk, Sarah T1 - Divorce and economic wellbeing. A life course perspective on the interplay of work-family lives in West Germany and Sweden N2 - This cumulative dissertation investigates the relationship between divorce and economic wellbeing from a life course perspective in West Germany and Sweden. The analyses are based on large-scale register data from the German public pension and the Swedish population registers. The first paper studies mothers’ earnings trajectories from one year before their first childbirth until ten years after in both countries. Separation negatively affects mothers’ earnings trajectories in Sweden, while it positively affects them in West Germany. In Sweden, although the earnings of separated mothers lag behind those of partnered mothers, both groups can surpass their pre-birth earnings, which is not the case for either separated or partnered mothers from western Germany. The second paper investigates how divorce relates to retirement trajectories, defined as the monthly insurance history from age 50 to age 65 of women and men in West Germany. Divorcees are more likely than married to retire through unstable retirement trajectories characterised by receipt of reduced-earnings-capacity pensions and unemployment. Whereas the relationship between divorce and retirement trajectories seems to be overall adverse for men, it is more ambiguous for women. Some divorced women are also more likely than married women to retire through a stable high-income trajectory. The third paper compares the gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in both countries. Divorced women from West Germany have significantly higher public pension incomes than married women. The German ‘divorce splitting’ mechanism increases women’s and decreases men’s pension incomes, which contributes to equalising their public pension incomes. In Sweden, women show comparable pension incomes across marital status, although divorced women have slightly lower pension incomes, while divorced men receive approximately 26 % less pension income than married men. The dissertation illustrates that family and work life are intertwined, that they unfold gradually across the life course, and that the welfare state context shapes the interrelation of divorce and economic wellbeing: The event of divorce (and separation) not only directly impacts employment biographies of mothers but is, in a long-term perspective, related to retirement trajectories of women and men and their public pension incomes. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 05/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50499 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5049 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D005 + 2023D005+1 N1 - List of publications Schmauk, S., & Kridahl, L. (2024). Who receives most? Gendered consequences of divorce on public pension income in West Germany and Sweden. Ageing and Society, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X23000703 Schmauk, S. (2024). Pathways to retirement in West Germany: Does divorce matter? Advances in Life Course Research, 60, 100595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100595 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gibson, Rachel A1 - Bon, Esmeralda A1 - Darius, Philipp A1 - Smyth, Peter T1 - Are Online Political Influencers Accelerating Democratic Deconsolidation? JF - Media and Communication N2 - Social media campaigning is increasingly linked with anti-democratic outcomes, with concerns to date centring on paid adverts, rather than organic content produced by a new set of online political influencers. This study systematically compares voter exposure to these new campaign actors with candidate-sponsored ads, as well as established and alternative news sources during the US 2020 presidential election. Specifically, we examine how far higher exposure to these sources is linked with key trends identified in the democratic deconsolidation thesis. We use data from a national YouGov survey designed to measure digital campaign exposure to test our hypotheses. Findings show that while higher exposure to online political influencers is linked to more extremist opinions, followers are not disengaging from conventional politics. Exposure to paid political ads, however, is confirmed as a potential source of growing distrust in political institutions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i3.6813 SN - 2183-2439 VL - 11 IS - 3 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ozkul, Derya T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Lebanon N2 - Lebanon is one of the most important countries to understand the dynamics of the refugee recognition regime. It has received a large number of displaced people, and since the arrival of Syrians, it has been the highest per capita refugee-hosting country in the world. It is, therefore, crucial to understand how displaced persons are received, how their asylum applications are assessed, and how their protection needs are met in the country. This report describes Lebanon’s refugee recognition regime and assesses UNHCR’s quality of recognition process and the quality of protection for asylum seekers and refugees. It provides an overview of existing legislation and brings together original insights from legal aid organisations, UNHCR staff, and asylum seekers and refugees. The report, outlined in seven sections, first gives an overview of the existing literature and then explains the methods. T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 03 KW - Refugee recognition regime KW - RSD KW - Lebanon profile KW - Refugee recognition Instiutions KW - UNHCR Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50060 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5006 ET - No. 03 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ozkul, Derya A1 - Nalule, Caroline T1 - Recognising Refugees: A Review of the Literature and Approaches (1990-2020) T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 01 KW - Refugee Recognition Regime KW - Refugee status determination KW - Refugee law KW - rsd process KW - asylum process Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49947 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4994 ET - No. 01 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nalule, Caroline T1 - Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: South Africa N2 - This report examines South Africa’s refugee recognition regime which is typified by an individualised refugee status determination (RSD) system that sets it quite apart from other major refugee-hosting countries in Africa, whose major mode of refugee recognition is group-based. The report focuses on a twenty-year period (1998-2018) highlighting the various areas of contestation within the refugee protection space and South Africa’s adherence to its obligations, under both domestic and international law. Although extensive work has been carried out regarding the quality of RSD process in South Africa, gaps are still evident with respect to the refugee recognition institutions and their relational dynamics and how this impacts the refugee recognition regime and refugee protection generally. The report is based on desk research and original fieldwork in South Africa among various elites working in the refugee protection area as well as refugees and asylum seekers in South Africa drawn from three nationalities: Somalis, Ethiopians and Congolese from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). T3 - RefMig Working Paper Series - 02 KW - Refugee recognition regime KW - RSD KW - South Africa profile KW - Refugee recognition Instiutions KW - Quality of asylum Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50106 UR - https://www.refmig.org/working-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5010 ET - No. 02 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ostanina, Sascha T1 - Ukraine’s recovery: A huge challenge ahead N2 - Ukraine’s post-war recovery will require concerted, long-term EU commitment, leveraging substantial private investment, Sascha Ostanina argues in this policy position. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/ukraines-recovery-a-huge-challenge-ahead ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Daub, Sara ED - Moghadam, Assaf ED - Rauta, Vladimir ED - Wyss, Michel T1 - Diasporas and Proxy Wars T2 - Routledge Handbook of Proxy Wars N2 - This chapter discusses the role of diasporas in connection with proxy wars. It argues that diaspora support differs from external state support in important ways, from the sources and motivations of support to the means and types of support provided. Diasporas are often drawn into the conflict by kinship support or feelings of guilt, and often send foreign fighters or financial support to their kin, rather than direct military support. Diasporas are also more susceptible to pressures by rebel groups to provide support, and their assistance tends to be more reliable than that of state sponsors. Finally, diasporas have greater stakes in reducing harm to civilians than most state supporters and will therefore be inclined to support long-term solutions, including those involving rebel governance. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003174066-19/diasporas-proxy-wars-sara-daub?context=ubx&refId=f3b05beb-94d0-4d7f-a4af-bfd9a631ee6e SN - 9781003174066 PB - Routledge CY - London ET - 1st ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Europe’s engine or wrench in the works? French-German cooperation on EU energy policy N2 - The “Franco-German Engine” currently stutters more than in the past, especially on energy topics. At times, this obstructs urgently needed policy making at the EU level. This policy brief attempts to illuminate the differences and commonalities between Germany and France on EU energy policy. First, it provides an overview of the German and French energy landscapes and their future objectives. Second, it describes the German and French positions on four controversial energy policy areas: nuclear energy, grid expansion, electricity market reform and guaranteeing low prices for energy-intensive industry. For each area, it identifies the key Franco-German pain-points and opportunities for the way forward. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/french-german-cooperation-on-eu-energy-policy ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Dušek, Libor T1 - Fines, Non-Payment, and Revenues: Evidence from Speeding Tickets T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We estimate the effect of the level of fines on payment compliance and revenues collected from speeding tickets. Exploiting discontinuous increases in fines at speed cutoffs and reform induced variation in these discontinuities, we implement two complementary regression discontinuity designs. The results consistently document small payment responses: a 10% increase in the fine (i.e. the payment obligation) induces a 1.2 percentage point decline in timely payments. The implied revenue elasticity is about 0.9. Expressed in absolute terms, a one dollar increase in the fine translates into a roughly 60 cent increase in payments collected within 15 days. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 23 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50461 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5046 ET - No. 23 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rackwitz, Maike T1 - Understanding the causes, dynamics, and consequences of corporatization: An analysis of local government evidence in England and Germany N2 - This dissertation explores corporatization–the provision of public services by publicly-owned companies–as a specific public management reform that has strongly been endorsed in the last decades. However, despite the significance of corporatization in public administration and the controversy over its viability as a strategy for enhancing public service provision, there is limited empirical research on its trajectory and associated effects. This dissertation fills this important gap in the literature by examining the causes, dynamics, and consequences of corporatization. It challenges the claim that we are witnessing a resurgence of the state in recent years, resulting in a pendulum shift from the private to the public sector. A mixed-methods approach is employed to analyze three original datasets from English and German local government contexts. Theoretical perspectives rooted in rational choice are complemented by those accounting for irrational ambiguity to capture the unique ambidexterity of corporatization. After clarifying the theoretical background in Chapter 1, this exploration unfolds across three empirical chapters. Chapter 2 investigates what drives corporatization. It reveals that ownership structures in corporatization have become increasingly complex and political–rather than economic–incentives may explain shifts toward indirect municipal ownership. Chapter 3 examines what causes corporatization to reverse. It shows that a return of services to the core local government after a company closes is less likely than other forms of service provision, while the type of service is the factor that matters most for termination decisions. Chapter 4 analyzes how local governments experience and cope with reverse corporatization. Local governments and their employees evidently and mutually impact the return process, which can induce private sector-informed change within the bureaucracy, albeit with limited transformative power. Ultimately, this dissertation finds no clear evidence of a pendulum shift toward the local public sector. This conclusion follows from conceptual and empirical differentiation and depends on how corporatization is framed, as well as on the specific country, service type, and dimension of public influence considered. It also suggests that the notion of the pendulum shift needs reevaluation. For practitioners, this holds several implications that encourage optimism about reform, and advise against an arbitrary approach to diversifying costs. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 04/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50441 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5044 N1 - Parts of the dissertation have been published: Chapter 3. Termination traits of local government corporatization This is an original manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Public Management Review on 26 April 2023, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2204323 Rackwitz, M. (2023). Fraught with tension? A machine-learning approach to termination traits of public corporations in English and German local governments. Public Management Review, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2204323 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D004 + 2023D004+1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bobzien, Licia T1 - Income Inequality and Political Trust: Do Fairness Perceptions Matter? JF - Social Indicators Research N2 - Political trust—in terms of trust in political institutions—is an important precondition for the functioning and stability of democracy. One widely studied determinant of political trust is income inequality. While the empirical finding that societies with lower levels of income inequality have higher levels of trust is well established, the exact ways in which income inequality affects political trust remain unclear. Past research has shown that individuals oftentimes have biased perceptions of inequality. Considering potentially biased inequality perceptions, Licia Bobzien argues that individuals compare their perceptions of inequality to their preference for inequality. If they identify a gap between what they perceive and what they prefer (= fairness gap), they consider their attitudes towards inequality unrepresented. This, in turn, reduces trust in political institutions. Using three waves of the ESS and the ISSP in a cross-country perspective, she finds that (1) perceiving a larger fairness gap is associated with lower levels of political trust; (2) the fairness gap mediates the link between actual inequality and political trust; and (3) disaggregating the fairness gap measure, political trust is more strongly linked to variation in inequality perceptions than to variation in inequality preferences. This indicates that inequality perceptions are an important factor shaping trust into political institutions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03168-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - A typology of reverse discrimination in EU citizenship law JF - European Law Open N2 - In this Article, Martijn van den Brink sheds new light on one of the longest-running debates in the European Union (EU) citizenship literature: the concept of ‘reverse discrimination’ and the question of whether it is justified. Reverse discrimination has divided EU lawyers into roughly two distinct groups. One group believes that it constitutes an unjustified violation of the principle of equality; a second that it is inevitable in a Union governed by the constitutional principle of divided powers. This Article questions this by offering a typology of reverse discrimination. While most scholars assume that reverse discrimination is a singular phenomenon that demands a singular response, this Article shows that it is a variegated phenomenon that demands a variegated response. It distinguishes three types of reverse discrimination and explains that the proper response depends on the type we are considering. Type I is caused by the application of the principle of mutual recognition; Type II by an interaction between domestic federalism and internal discrimination; and Type III by the CJEU’s confusion over the aim of the right to free movement and residence. Through this typology, the Article shows that reverse discrimination is never a corollary of the principle of divided powers, nor is it always incompatible with the principle of equality. Finally, the Article shows that to the extent that reverse discrimination violates the principle of equality, the solution is not to equalise rights upwards but downwards to the lower (national or regional) level of government. This shows that the principle of equality and the principle of divided powers need not collide. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/elo.2022.54 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 78 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Findeisen, Francesco A1 - Wernert, Yann T1 - Meeting the costs of resilience: The EU's Critical Raw Materials Strategy must go the extra kilometer N2 - Europe's green transition is expected to generate a substantial increase in demand for critical raw materials (the same holds true for the digital transformation that lies outside this inquiry). European firms heavily rely on imports for these minerals, with a significant amount coming from China. This geospatial concentration of supply chains exposes Europe's climate and green industrial policies to significant geopolitical risks. This complex of issues prompted the European Commission to introduce the Critical Raw Material Act in March 2023. Albeit a valuable addition to Europe’s strategic autonomy agenda, the Act does not rise to the scale of the challenge. Internally, it aims to develop a European value chain for critical raw materials by streamlining permitting processes without committing any new funds. Externally, it reframes existing trade instruments and partnership initiatives without providing a step-by-step schedule for tapping into new sources of supply. If the EU is intent on reducing its vulnerabilities it must recognize that resilience comes with a price tag. It needs to marshal meaningful European funding and administrative support provisions, set realistic diversification requirements for European companies via regulation, and back its external trade and partnership strategies with convincing resources. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/eu-critical-raw-materials ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ostanina, Sascha T1 - Winning the Peace in Ukraine: Stimulating private investment for Ukraine’s reconstruction N2 - Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction represents a mammoth task. Its successful implementation will depend, inter alia, on Ukraine’s ability to attract private sector support for its reconstruction projects. To enhance the country’s investment attractiveness, the European Commission put forward a €50bn Ukraine Facility proposal for 2024-2027. Will this initiative suffice to uncover Ukraine’s investment potential? In this policy brief, Sascha Ostanina maps proposed EU investment incentives for Ukraine and analyses shortcomings in the current approach. Fine-tuning its assistance mechanisms requires the EU to help Ukraine set-up insurance mechanisms, expand sector-specific SME financing mechanisms, and to prioritise Ukraine’s access to the EU single market. Getting this right could not only mobilise private investment for Ukraine’s reconstruction, but also streamline Ukraine’s accession to the EU. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/winning-the-peace-in-ukraine ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumann, Maurice P A1 - Bara, Corrine T1 - A New Era: Power in Partnership Peacekeeping JF - International Studies Quarterly N2 - UN blue helmets increasingly deploy in partnership with regional organizations and coalitions of states. While this development is hailed as a way out of geopolitical fragmentation and capacity overstretch, little is known about the effectiveness of these peacekeeping partnerships. We argue that UN and non-UN operations exercise different forms of power, which reinforce each other to reduce battle violence in active wars. If non-UN military operations actively engage in combat, the UN can focus on what it does best—employing its broad toolbox to coerce, induce, and persuade. Our quantitative analysis of the interaction between UN and non-UN peacekeeping supports these expectations: partnership peacekeeping works. With a non-UN partner, UN troops can reduce battlefield violence more effectively, that is, with fewer blue helmets. Importantly, non-UN missions need UN operations to successfully curb violence. The UN’s multidimensional engagement offsets the potential negative effects of an all-too militarized approach to violence reduction. Regional and coalition peacekeeping can only support the UN, not replace it. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad037 VL - 67 IS - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bach, Tobias A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - Chapter 23: Policy-making in the executive triangle: a comparative perspective on ministers, advisers, and civil servants T2 - Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers N2 - This chapter seeks to bridge existing research on the politicisation of top civil servants and the roles of ministerial advisers by proposing a new conceptual approach for the comparative analysis of executive policy-making. We conceive of the executive triangle as a set of interdependent relationships between ministers, civil servants, and advisers. Those relationships may take different forms, depending on the distinct tasks performed by each actor and their roles in policy-making, which define mutual expectations. Thus understood, the executive triangle is an institution performing particular functions in policy-making (such as assessing policy alternatives, anticipating political support, and coordinating with other actors both inside and outside government). Those functions are performed by actors within the triangle and reflected in their roles and their direct and indirect relationships. The chapter conceptually explores such a system-perspective on the executive triangle; sketches analytical dimensions for understanding similarities and differences of executive triangles across contexts; provides empirical illustrations of variations of the executive triangle in Europe; and develops a research agenda using this concept to better understand the roles of ministers, ministerial advisers, and top civil servants in executive policy-making in a comparative perspective. KW - Civil servants KW - Comparative public administration KW - Executive triangle KW - Ministerial advisers KW - Policy advice KW - Politicisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00034 SP - 338 EP - 351 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - Chapter 15: The Continental tradition of ministerial advice: no institutional home for ministerial advisers? T2 - Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers N2 - The chapter examines ministerial advisory structures in Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands and discusses if and how their emergence and roles are linked to the Continental administrative tradition - one which emphasises the rule of law, and a procedural orientation within and political responsiveness of the standing bureaucracy. The chapter reviews the state of the research on ministerial advisers in the three countries and finds various similarities. In all three contexts ministerial advisory positions have emerged: however, they are less formalised and have received less attention than their counterparts in other parts of the world in recent years. KW - Ministerial advisers KW - Continental tradition KW - Rechtsstaat KW - Weberian bureaucracy KW - Politicisation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800886582.00025 SP - 221 EP - 231 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed A1 - Ota, Elsa A1 - Van Gestel, Raf T1 - Childhood immunization and competing mortality risks in Kenya: A longitudinal analysis for multiparous mothers JF - The Journal of Pediatrics N2 - Objective To assess the relationship between childhood immunization and mortality risks for non-vaccine-preventable diseases (Competing Mortality Risks or CMR) in Kenya. Study Design A combination of the Global Burden of Disease and Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data is used to measure basic vaccination status, CMR, and control variables for each child in the DHS data. A longitudinal analysis was performed. This uses within-mother variation between children to compare the vaccine decisions for different children, who are exposed to different mortality risks. The analysis also distinguishes between overall and disease-specific risks. Results The study included 15,881 children born between 2009 and 2013, who were at least 12 months old at the time of interview and not part of a twin birth. Mean basic vaccination rates ranged from 27.1% to 90.2% and mean CMR from 85.80 to 913.63 deaths per 100,000 across different counties. A one-unit increase in mortality risk from diarrhea, the most prevalent disease among children in Kenya, is associated with a 1.1 percentage point decline in basic vaccination status. On the other hand, mortality risks for other diseases and HIV increase the likelihood of vaccination. The effect of CMR was found to be stronger for children with higher birth orders. Conclusions A significant negative correlation between severe CMR and vaccination status is found, which has important implications for immunization policies, particularly in Kenya. Interventions aimed at reducing the most severe CMR, such as diarrhea, and targeted towards multiparous mothers may improve childhood immunization coverage. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113590 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turkoglu, Oguzhan A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Firestone, Berenike T1 - Commemorating local victims of past atrocities and far-right support over time JF - PNAS N2 - Does public remembrance of past atrocities lead to decreased support for far-right parties today? Initiatives commemorating past atrocities aim to make visible the victims and crimes committed against them. This runs counter to revisionist actors who attempt to downplay or deny atrocities and victims. Memorials for victims might complicate such attempts and reduce support for revisionist actors. Yet, little empirical evidence exists on whether that happens. In this study, we examine whether exposure to local memorials that commemorate victims of atrocities reduces support for a revisionist far-right party. Our empirical case is the Stolpersteine (“stumbling stones”) memorial in Berlin, Germany. It commemorates victims and survivors of Nazi persecution in front of their last freely chosen place of residence. We employ time-series cross-sectional analyses and a discontinuity design using a panel dataset that matches the location and date of placement of new Stolpersteine with the election results from seven elections (2013 to 2021) at the level of polling station areas. We find that, on average, the presence of Stolpersteine is associated with a 0.96%-point decrease in the far-right vote share in the following election. Our study suggests that local memorials that make past atrocities visible have implications for political behavior in the present. KW - memorials KW - far-right KW - Berlin KW - past atrocities Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2221158120 VL - 120 IS - 28 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bünder, Tobias A1 - Rathert, Nikolas A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Sustaining the Integration of Social Objectives Over Time: A Case-Based Analysis of Access to Medicine in the Pharmaceutical Industry JF - Business & Society N2 - Companies increasingly seek to strategically integrate social objectives in commercial activities to address societal challenges, yet little is known about how companies can sustain such a commitment over time. To address this question, we conduct a case-based, abductive study of two pharmaceutical companies widely considered industry leaders in facilitating access to medicine over a 20-year period (2000–2019). We identify product and operation-level integration as distinct types of integration efforts enacted by these companies. Tracing the intraorganizational dynamics associated with these efforts, we theorize that sustained integration is contingent on companies’ ability to respond to and address the challenges specific to product and operation-level integration. The theoretical framework we develop contributes to an emerging debate on the potential of companies to make progress on societal challenges by strategically integrating social objectives, including but not limited to those related to global health. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503231182667 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sommer, Stephan A1 - Konc, Théo A1 - Drews, Stefan T1 - How resilient is public support for carbon pricing? Longitudinal evidence from Germany T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - The success of climate policies depends crucially on the dynamics of public support. Using unique longitudinal data from three surveys conducted between 2019 and 2022, we study the variations of public support for carbon pricing in Germany. The period includes two relevant events: the introduction and ramping up of carbon pricing in Germany and the exogenous increase in energy prices following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Using panel methods, we show that support is very persistent over time and might have increased slightly more recently. However, people who experience high energy costs display a lower support. Regarding revenue use, we detect that social cushioning has become more popular after the introduction of carbon pricing. Our findings suggest that it is crucial to gather enough support before implementing climate policies. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 21 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50233 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5023 ET - No. 21 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Fabre, Adrien A1 - Douenne, Thomas A1 - Mattauch, Linus T1 - International Attitudes Toward Global Policies T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We document majority support for policies entailing global redistribution and climate mitigation. Recent surveys on 40,680 respondents in 20 countries covering 72% of global carbon emissions show strong support for an effective and progressive way to combat climate change and poverty: a global carbon price funding a global basic income, called the “Global Climate Scheme” (GCS). Using complementary surveys on 8,000 respondents in the U.S., France, Germany, Spain, and the UK, we test several hypotheses that could reconcile strong stated support with a lack of salience in policy circles. A list experiment shows no evidence of social desirability bias, majorities are willing to sign a real-stake petition, and global redistribution ranks high in the prioritization of policies. Conjoint analyses reveal that a platform is more likely to be preferred if it contains the GCS or a global tax on millionaires. Universalistic attitudes are confirmed by an incentivized donation. In sum, our findings indicate that global policies are genuinely supported by a majority of the population. Public opinion is therefore not the reason that they do not prominently enter political debates. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 22 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50240 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5024 ET - No. 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryson, Joanna A1 - Haataja, Meeri T1 - The European Parliament’s AI Regulation: Should We Call It Progress? JF - Amicus Curiae N2 - The European Union (EU) has been leading the world with its influential digital regulation. However, the EU’s legislative process is sufficiently complex and careful that some national legislation clearly influenced by the EU’s AI Regulation is already in place in other countries, before the law has even been finalized in the EU. Meanwhile, other states and regions are just beginning to develop AI policy. For both the EU and such others, we here describe the outcomes of the first round of legislative action by one of the EU’s two legislative bodies, the European Parliament, in terms of modifying the Artificial Intelligence Act. The Parliament has introduced a number of changes we consider to be enormously important, some in a very good way, and some in a very bad way. At stake is whether the AI Act really brings the power and strength of product law to continuously scale improved practice on products in the EU with intelligent components, or whether the law becomes window-dressing aimed only at attacking a few elite actors post hoc. We describe here the EU process, the changes and our recommendations. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://journals.sas.ac.uk/amicus/article/view/5612 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14296/ac.v4i3.5612 VL - 4, Series 2 IS - 3 SP - 707 EP - 718 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Schlosser, Sophia A1 - Ksatryo, Paxia T1 - Social media governance and strategies to combat online hatespeech in Germany JF - Policy & Internet N2 - Concerns over online hatespeech have prompted governments to strengthen social media governance. However, claims by policy-makers and political activists regarding the effectiveness and likely consequences of legal regulations remain largely untested. We rely on qualitative interviews and two expert surveys to examine the behavior of public relations professionals in response to online hatespeech when having the option of using the new user-complaint mechanism under the German Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG). Our findings reveal that strategies depend on whether professionals work at public sector institutions, business, or civil society organizations and political parties. Public sector institutions are likely to report to the platform, but not under NetzDG. Civil society organizations are likely to choose content moderation, counterspeech, and other forms of intervention. Businesses deploy a wide range of strategies. In practice, Germany's procedural approach relying on user-complaint mechanisms to deal with online hatespeech is not used by experts as a means to combat online harassment. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.348 SN - 1944-2866 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - THES A1 - Abels, Christoph M. T1 - Tinker Tailor Soldier Lie. Investigating Intra- and Extra-Individual Factors of Susceptibility to False Information N2 - At least since the 2016 presidential elections in the United States and the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom, misinformation has gained increasing prominence in the public discourse. Only four years later, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged and was accompanied by an “Infodemic”, misleading individuals about the origin of the virus, its severity, and the intentions of governments coping with the virus. Misinformation was itself deemed a considerable threat to public health. Although COVID-19 misinformation was widely circulating at that time, and continues to do so, a substantial share of individuals did not believe this misleading information. That begs the question, why do people fall for misinformation? This question is at the heart of this dissertation project, which explores the role of social media, trust, and values in individuals’ susceptibility to false information. Through comparative research, the project investigates how these variables affect the reception of misinformation and attempts to combine multiple levels of analysis and consider different forms of misinformation. The core of this dissertation consists of three chapters, each of which addresses the research question from a different but complementary perspective. Chapter 2 provides the conceptual basis for the subsequent empirical chapters. The chapter investigates how individual, group, and system-level variables contribute to social media’s role as a vector for misinformation. In the third chapter, I employ an experimental research design to assess whether superficial characteristics of different social media platforms affect users’ credibility judgements regarding manufactured news. Contrary to existing literature, the experiment’s results suggest that social media platforms do not differ in their effects on perceived credibility of news. The fourth chapter builds on data from a multinational research project that explored the role of values during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on individuals’ propensity to believe in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories. Through a comparative design, using samples from Germany and Poland, the chapter finds considerable differences in the pattern of influential values and trust concepts on the adoption of conspiracy beliefs. Although the findings of this dissertation project come with limitations, the research nevertheless highlights the importance of comparative research designs in the study of misinformation. The dissertation concludes by discussing avenues for further research. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 03/2023 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50130 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5013 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D003 + 2023D003+1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jansen, Jannik T1 - When trust becomes a luxury: How economic crises undermine political trust among the most disadvantaged N2 - Recent economic crises have disproportionately impacted the least advantaged in society. As Europe approaches the upcoming European Parliament elections in 2024, there are renewed concerns about an erosion of trust in democratic institutions in Europe. This policy brief looks back to the Great Recession in 2008, which led to a decline in trust and an increase in support for populist parties. Contrary to optimistic assessments, it shows that the apparent rebound of political trust at the country level masks heterogenous developments within European societies. Disadvantaged groups, particularly those with lower income and education levels, experienced a more pronounced drop in trust in the European Parliament in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Alarmingly, those groups’ trust levels have not bounced back to pre-crisis levels yet. To avoid that this gap in political trust widens even further, EU policymakers need to focus more on targeted support measures to cushion the blow of recent crises on already disadvantaged groups. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/political-trust-in-economic-crisis ER - TY - RPRT A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - An Inconvenient Constraint: A Hungarian Council Presidency and the EU’s Rule of Law N2 - On 1 July 2024, Hungary is set to take over the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. Given the ongoing rule of law violations in Hungary, concrete proposals have been put forward to prevent it from exercising the Presidency. In this Policy Position, Martijn van den Brink analyzes the legal feasibility of these proposals and argues that the proposed EU measures violate the EU’s very own rule of law. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/an-inconvenient-constraint-a-hungarian-council-presidency-and-the-eus-rule-of-law ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nguyen, Thu T1 - Institutional Corsets and the Question of Timing: How Much Damage Can the Hungarian Council Presidency Do? N2 - Hungary is set to take over the EU Council presidency in the second half of 2024. Given the state of the rule of law in the country, there are doubts whether Hungary will be able to successfully fulfill tis role. A debate on whether it should be blocked from taking over the presidency on 1 July 2024 is in full swing. In this Policy Position, Thu Nguyen analyses the institutional role of Council presidencies, and argues that the Hungarian presidency will not be able to do much damage considering both the institutional corset and the time period in which it will operate. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/hungarian-council-presidency ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seelos, Christian A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Traeger, Charlotte T1 - The future of grand challenges research: Retiring a hopeful concept and endorsing research principles JF - International Journal of Management Reviews N2 - Editorial notes in leading management journals have urged scholars to address Grand Challenges (GC) as an opportunity for producing knowledge that matters for society. This review explores whether current conceptualizations of GC support a productive path for management and organizational scholarship by guiding empirical inquiry, facilitating cumulative theory development, and informing practice. We systematically examine scholarly articles, calls for papers, and editorial notes published in management journals for consistency in how researchers use and define the concept of GC and the scope of associated phenomena and attributes. We find three prominent conceptual architectures in use: discursive, family resemblance, and phenomenon driven. The variety and incoherence of current uses of the GC concept and the lack of efforts to improve its analytical competence lead us to suggest its retirement. Instead, we propose building on the enthusiasm around GC research and using GC as a term to define research principles that collectively help align research efforts and improve theoretical development and practice. The principles we propose capture a genuine origin story for management research on GC. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12324 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 251 EP - 269 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Thäter, Laura A1 - Lührsen, René T1 - Pathways and mechanisms for catalyzing social impact through Orchestration: Insights from an open social innovation project JF - Journal of Business Venturing Insights N2 - Within the entrepreneurship literature, there is a growing interest in understanding collective entrepreneurial approaches to tackling societal challenges. In this study, we examine the orchestration of collective action in an open social innovation project bringing together public administrations, citizens and organized civil society to collaboratively address several societal challenges. Analyzing data generated in-situ and in real-time over the entire duration of the project we show how social impact orchestration can generate impact through four pathways: lead user focus, solution focus, problem focus, and ecosystem focus. For each pathway, we show how orchestration enhanced the impact potential of stakeholders involved by enabling learning and scaling. Our study contributes to the literature on impact entrepreneurship and advances knowledge on orchestrating innovation for social impact. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2022.e00366 VL - 19 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Sorg, Alexander A1 - Wucherpfennig, Julian T1 - Before deploying more U.S. forces to Europe, consider the consequences T2 - War on the Rocks Y1 - 2022 UR - https://warontherocks.com/2022/08/before-deploying-more-u-s-forces-to-europe-consider-the-consequences/ ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Wriedt, Vera T1 - Expanding Exceptions? AA and others v North Macedonia, Systematic Pushbacks and the Fiction of Legal Pathways T2 - Strasbourg Observers N2 - The closure of the Greek-Macedonian border on 8 March 2016 entailed systematic pushbacks. The largest operation occurred on 14-15 March 2016, when more than 1500 refugees were summarily returned from North Macedonia to Greece. The complaint of AA and others v North Macedonia addressed this large-scale pushback operation. However, instead of condemning these pushbacks, the European Court of Human Rights expanded the exception from the prohibition of collective expulsions created in the case of ND and NT v Spain and found the applicants culpable of circumventing legal pathways, ignoring that these were clearly not available in practice. Thereby, the Court reproduces exclusionary reasoning that has shaped the European Convention on Human Rights since its inception. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://strasbourgobservers.com/2022/05/30/expanding-exceptions-aa-and-others-v-north-macedonia-systematic-pushbacks-and-the-fiction-of-legal-pathways/ ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Haan, Peter A1 - Prowse, Victoria T1 - The Heterogeneous Effects of Social Assistance and Unemployment Insurance: Evidence from a Life-Cycle Model of Family Labor Supply and Savings T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We empirically analyze the heterogeneous welfare effects of unemployment insurance and social assistance. We estimate a structural life-cycle model of singles’ and married couples’ labor supply and savings decisions. The model includes heterogeneity by age, education, wealth, sex and household composition. In aggregate, social assistance dominates unemployment insurance; however, the opposite holds true for married men, whose leisure time declines more than that of their spouses when unemployment insurance is reduced. A revenue-neutral rebalancing of social support away from unemployment insurance and toward social assistance increases aggregate welfare. Income pooling in married households decreases the welfare value of social assistance. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 20 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-50128 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-5012 ET - No. 20 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Koranyi, Kinga T1 - Orbán’s racist rhetoric: a desperate domestic power grab T2 - The Loop Y1 - 2022 UR - https://theloop.ecpr.eu/orban-racist-speech-a-desperate-domestic-power-grab/ PB - European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Thelen, Kathleen T1 - Institutional reform for Inclusive Growth: Lessons from Germany and Sweden N2 - In this essay, part of our Navigating Economic Change series, Anke Hassel and Kathleen Thelen explore strategies for mitigating some of the income, job and educational inequalities that rich democracies are currently confronting as a result of technological change and the growing gap between winners and losers in the new knowledge economy. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://economy2030.resolutionfoundation.org/reports/institutional-reform-for-inclusive-growth/ PB - The Economy 2030 Inquiry, Resolution Foundation CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bohne, Maik A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Blaschke, Daniela T1 - Innovation als Schlüssel zur gerechten Transformation: Acht Impulse für die Zukunftsfähigkeit des deutschen Innovationsmodells N2 - Wie kommt das Neue in die Welt? Die Suche nach Antworten auf diese Frage ist angesichts der Herausforderungen, vor denen Deutschland bei der Dekarbonisierung und Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft steht, keine philosophische Übung, sondern eine der dringlichsten Aufgaben unserer Zeit. Denn ob es der Bundesrepublik gelingt, Vorreiter einer digitalen Nachhaltigkeitsökonomie zu werden und wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben, hängt in hohem Maße von der technologischen und gesellschaftlichen Innovationskraft des Landes ab. Eine repräsentative Civey-Umfrage im Auftrag des Progressiven Zentrums zeigt: Über drei Viertel der Befragten sind der Meinung, dass die deutsche Regierung nicht genug für die Innovationsfähigkeit der deutschen Wirtschaft tut (78 %). Mehr als 80 Prozent stimmen der Aussage zu, die Bundesregierung solle klare Ziele für die Förderung von technologischen Innovationen setzen. Den Befragten zufolge sollten technische Innovationen vor allem der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit dienen (44 %), gefolgt von der nationalen Sicherheit (30 %), sozialer Gerechtigkeit (29 %) und Klimaschutz (28 %). Im direkten Vergleich mit China und den USA sagten nur 13 Prozent der Befragten, die EU sei der innovativste Wirtschaftsstandort. Knapp 40 Prozent halten die chinesische Wirtschaft für die innovativste, etwa 30 Prozent finden die USA als Wirtschaftsstandort am innovativsten. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die Studie die Zukunftsfähigkeit des deutschen Innovationsmodells und begibt sich auf die Suche nach konkreten Reformvorschlägen für dessen politische Steuerung. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.progressives-zentrum.org/publication/innovation-als-schlussel-zur-gerechten-transformation/ PB - Das Progressive Zentrum CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Bohne, Maik T1 - Mehr Niederlande wagen, liebe Ampel! JF - WirtschaftsWoche N2 - Deutschland kann die Transformation nur mit einem starken Innovationssystem meistern. Hier fehlt es aber noch an strategischer Orientierung und politischem Willen. Statt immerzu China oder den USA als Maßstab zu nehmen, sollten wir lieber auf unsere Nachbarn blicken. Ein Gastbeitrag. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/fuer-eine-bessere-innovationspolitik-mehr-niederlande-wagen-liebe-ampel/29061186.html ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Trinkle, Alice A1 - Garten, Felix A1 - Petry, Johannes A1 - Yang, Bo A1 - Zhang, Yating T1 - How to successfully carry out research on China in challenging times – a perspective from junior scholars N2 - Researchers specialising on China face severe challenges in carrying out original research. Five junior scholars wonder if the good times for research on China belong to the past. Foreign researchers have not been able to enter China for research purposes since the outbreak of the pandemic. This is especially limiting for those at a PhD or postdoc level whose projects have tight timeframes. In addition, research on China has to contend with an increasingly difficult political environment sensitive to work on politically-charged topics. Regardless of these challenges, Alice Trinkle, Felix Garten, Johannes Petry, Bo Yang and Yating Zhang believe that China research and expertise is needed now more than ever, especially from a new cohort of younger scholars. Drawing on their own experience, they highlight approaches that enable innovative research and methods of collecting primary data. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.scripts-berlin.eu/publications/Think-Pieces/Think-Piece-14_Trinkle-et-al_China/index.html PB - Cluster of Excellence 2055 “Contestations of the Liberal Script (SCRIPTS)” CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Huang, Shan A1 - Ullrich, Hannes T1 - Provider effects in antibiotic prescribing: Evidence from physician exits T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - In the fight against antibiotic resistance, reducing antibiotic consumption while preserving healthcare quality presents a critical health policy challenge. We investigate the role of practice styles in patients’ antibiotic intake using exogenous variation in patient-physician assignment. Practice style heterogeneity explains 49% of the differences in overall antibiotic use and 83% of the differences in second-line antibiotic use between primary care providers. We find no evidence that high prescribing is linked to better treatment quality or fewer adverse health outcomes. Policies improving physician decision-making, particularly among high-prescribers, may be effective in reducing antibiotic consumption while sustaining healthcare quality. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 18 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49755 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4975 ET - No. 18 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ribers, Michael Allan A1 - Ullrich, Hannes T1 - Machine learning and physician prescribing: a path to reduced antibiotic use T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Inefficient human decisions are driven by biases and limited information. Health care is one leading example where machine learning is hoped to deliver efficiency gains. Antibiotic resistance constitutes a major challenge to health care systems due to human antibiotic overuse. We investigate how a policy leveraging the strengths of a machine learning algorithm and physicians can provide new opportunities to reduce antibiotic use. We focus on urinary tract infections in primary care, a leading cause for antibiotic use, where physicians often prescribe prior to attaining diagnostic certainty. Symptom assessment and rapid testing provide diagnostic information with limited accuracy, while laboratory testing can diagnose bacterial infections with considerable delay. Linking Danish administrative and laboratory data, we optimize policy rules which base initial prescription decisions on machine learning predictions and delegate decisions to physicians where these benefit most from private information at the point-of-care. The policy shows a potential to reduce antibiotic prescribing by 8.1 percent and overprescribing by 20.3 percent without assigning fewer prescriptions to patients with bacterial infections. We find human-algorithm complementarity is essential to achieve efficiency gains. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 19 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49769 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4976 ET - No. 19 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mastrorocco, Nicola A1 - Ornaghi, Arianna T1 - DP17756 Who Watches the Watchmen? Local News and Police Behavior in the United States N2 - Do U.S. municipal police departments respond to news coverage of local crime? We address this question exploiting an exogenous shock to local crime reporting induced by acquisitions of local TV stations by a large broadcast group, Sinclair. Using a unique dataset of 8.5 million news stories and a triple differences design, we document that Sinclair ownership decreases news coverage of local crime. This matters for policing: municipalities that experience the change in news coverage have lower violent crime clearance rates relative to municipalities that do not. The result is consistent with a decrease of crime salience in the public opinion. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://cepr.org/publications/dp17756 PB - CEPR Press ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Cingolani, Luciana A1 - Salazar-Morales, Diego T1 - The role of public workforce diversity and the administrative ecosystem in advancing public sector innovation N2 - Organization studies have long built a ‘business case’ for diversity, which today includes innovation capacity among the benefits of diverse workforces. Diversity’s impact on innovation has been tested in private firms, yet no systematic study exists in public management. We address this challenge using a twostep dynamic panel data analysis via generalised methods of moments estimation in 36 European countries. The findings confirm that higher public workforce diversity leads to higher public sector innovation. This effect, however, is mediated by the administrative ecosystem, where greater uniformity in managerial practices makes diversity more salient, an obstacle to unleash its innovative potential. KW - public sector innovation – diversity management – representative bureaucracies – social categorization Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49700 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4970 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - Die Kompetenzkrise der Medien beginnt im Medienmanagement T2 - Deep Journalism. Domänenkompetenz als redaktioneller Erfolgsfaktor Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.halem-verlag.de/produkt/deep-journalism/ SN - 9783869626604 PB - Herbert von Halem Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak T1 - The Present and the Future of Infringement Proceedings: Lessons learned from Kavala v Türkiye JF - European Human Rights Law Review N2 - The Council of Europe is headed to its 4th Summit under the shadow, most likely, of the unimplemented infringement proceedings judgment in the case of Kavala v Turkey . The aim of this article is to investigate what this persistent non-implementation teaches us for the present as well as for the future reform of infringement proceedings monitoring. Strengthening this is of inestimable importance for the future credibility of the Council of Europe, as well as the authority of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in general. The lack of a clear strategy for handling non-implementation of infringement proceedings will have a dissuasive effect on the further use of such proceedings by the Committee of Ministers, it removes any teeth proceedings were ever intended to have. In this article I argue that the future of the effective monitoring of judgments resulting from infringement proceedings depends on: (a) the foreseeable proceduralisation of the mechanisms to exert pressure on non-implementing states; and (b) further judicialisation of the ECtHR’s handling of the remedies required to implement judgments resulting from infringement proceedings. In conclusion, I reflect on possible objections to this double call of proceduralisation and judicialisation as the basis of reform. KW - Enforcement; European Court of Human Rights; Fines; Human rights; Judgments and orders; Penalties Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.sweetandmaxwell.co.uk/Product/Human-Rights/European-Human-Rights-Law-Review/Journal/30791306 IS - 2 SP - 156 EP - 162 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Abels, Christoph M. T1 - Am dunkelsten ist die Nacht vor der Dämmerung: Globale Anstrengungen im Kampf gegen Klimawandel und Terrorismus T2 - Polis180: Europa- und Aussenpolitik 2030: Sechs Szenarien N2 - Das vorliegende Szenario kombiniert zwei für die Sicherheitspolitik relevante Dimensionen: Der Kampf gegen Klimawandel und Terrorismus. Aufbauend auf den jüngsten Ereignissen in Südeuropa und Afghanistan entwerfen wir ein Szenario, in dem dramatische Geschehnisse erfolgreichen Bemühungen vorweggehen - erst der Schock weiterer Niederlagen an beiden Fronten (z.B. die Folgen eines verheerenden Waldbrandes rund um Athen) führt dazu, dass die internationale Gemeinschaft zu Handeln beginnt und letztlich ambitionierte Maßnahmen ergreift, um beiden Bedrohungen erfolgreich zu begegnen. Die entscheidenden Meilensteine dieses Szenarios werden dabei in Schlagzeilen und kurzen Nachrichten dargestellt. Zum Abschluss werden zwei Handlungsempfehlungen formuliert: Eine Förderung von Solarstrom-Pilotprojekten in Nordafrika und der Sahelzone sowie eine Evaluation bestehender Anti-Terror-Strategien vor dem Hintergrund holistischer Präventionskonzepte. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://polis180.org/polisblog/2022/02/16/europa-und-aussenpolitik-2030-sechs-szenarien/ SP - 25 EP - 29 PB - Polis180 e.V. CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rasche, Lucas T1 - Why the EU needs a re-think on labour migration N2 - Labour shortages are affecting member states across the EU, with the average EU job vacancy rate doubling between 2012 and 2022. These labour shortages may cause the EU’s most severe migration crisis yet, putting common EU objectives such as the green and industrial transitions at risk. In order to combat labour shortages and create a migration system fit for the future, the EU must focus on simplifying and harmonising its legal framework on labour migration, expanding migration opportunities to low- and medium-skilled workers, and aligning migration legislation with other policy objectives. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/why-the-eu-needs-a-radical-re-think-on-labour-migration ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Finnerty, Joseph T1 - Juszczyszyn v. Poland: Article 18 ECHR’s conservative contribution to the Polish rule of law crisis T2 - Strasbourg Observer Y1 - 2022 UR - https://strasbourgobservers.com/2022/11/23/juszczyszyn-v-poland-article-18-echrs-conservative-contribution-to-the-polish-rule-of-law-crisis/ ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Auz, Juan A1 - Viveros Uehara, Thalia T1 - The climate emergency at the Inter-American Court of Human Rights T2 - OpenGlobalRights N2 - The Inter-American Court will likely be the first regional human rights tribunal to develop an advisory opinion on the climate emergency, prompting normative effects for climate justice beyond the legal realm. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.openglobalrights.org/climate-emergency-interamerican-court-human-rights/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bünder, Tobias A1 - Rathert, Nikolas A1 - Mair, Johanna ED - George, Gerard ED - Haas, Martine ED - Joshi, Havovi ED - McGahan, Anita ED - Tracey, Paul T1 - Understanding firm- and field-level change toward sustainable development: insights from the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines, 1960‒2020 T2 - Handbook on the Business of Sustainability N2 - Insufficient access to medicines is a persistent global problem that affects billions of people in low- and middle-income countries. In this chapter, we use access to medicines as a case to understand how business can become instrumental in making progress on persistent and global problems we associate with sustainable development. We examine the emergence and evolution of access to medicines as a mandate for the pharmaceutical industry to contribute to sustainable development. More specifically, we trace the historical developments of corporate social initiatives in the industry and revisit existing research on access to medicines in management and related fields. We then introduce three distinct analytical perspectives - field emergence and change, firm heterogeneity, organizational processes - to examine access to medicine, expose managerial challenges and offer a research agenda that helps to advance research on access to medicines and, more generally, on corporate efforts to address pressing global problems subsumed under the Sustainable Development Goals. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781839105333 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839105340.00025 SP - 300 EP - 319 PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gao, Lin A1 - Woo, Eva T1 - Food System Innovation in China T2 - Stanford Social Innovation Review N2 - Food consumption is deeply shaped by the cultural and socio-economic conditions in which it is embedded. How can civil society put food system transformation on the agenda in developing countries that only recently eliminated or are still fighting widespread hunger? Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48558/ND15-F122 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoll, Julius T1 - The cost of honesty: Field evidence JF - Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics N2 - This paper studies honesty in the face of changing cost. Using field data from a snack delivery company that employs an honesty payment system, the paper presents an event-study to analyze how price increases affect pay rates. The honesty payment system expects customers to pay a listed price for each consumed snack. This allows to measure honesty with the pay rate that compares consumption to payments. The results, which draw on deliveries from several thousand firms, show that price increases that make honest behavior more costly cause more cheating. Price increases of 15% trigger a fall in pay rates of 11%. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2022.101943 VL - 101 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abels, Christoph M. A1 - Hardegger, Daniel T1 - Privacy and transparency in the 4th space: Implications for conspirary theories JF - Filozofia i Nauka N2 - This article investigates the role of privacy and transparency in the 4th Space and outlines their implications for the development and dissemination of conspiracy theories. We argue that privacy can be exploited by individuals and organizations to spread conspiracy theories online, while organizational transparency, intended to increase accountability and ultimately trust, can have the adverse effect and nurture conspiracy beliefs. Through the lens of the 4th Space concept, we offer suggestions on how to approach those challenges which emerge as a result of the complex entanglements of both actual and virtual world across time. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37240/FiN.2022.10.zs.8 VL - 10 SP - 187 EP - 212 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abels, Christoph M. T1 - Everybody lies: Misinformation and Its Implications for the 4th Space JF - Proceedings N2 - Combining earlier spatial typologies of places and communities with computer-mediated communication technologies, Hardegger developed the idea of the 4th space. Given that misinformation has become a crucial problem in many online environments over the course of the last few years, this article attempts to assess the implications of this development for the 4th space. This article begins with an analysis of people’s tendency to lie in different environments. Afterwards, properties of the 4th space are assessed that create opportunities for misinformation-based communities to emerge. Finally, open questions in relation to misinformation and the 4th space that deserve further attention are addressed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2022081120 VL - 81 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz-Spreen, Philipp A1 - Oswald, Lisa A1 - Lewandowsky, Stephan A1 - Hertwig, Ralph T1 - A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy JF - Nature Human Behaviour N2 - One of today’s most controversial and consequential issues is whether the global uptake of digital media is causally related to a decline in democracy. We conducted a systematic review of causal and correlational evidence (N = 496 articles) on the link between digital media use and different political variables. Some associations, such as increasing political participation and information consumption, are likely to be beneficial for democracy and were often observed in autocracies and emerging democracies. Other associations, such as declining political trust, increasing populism and growing polarization, are likely to be detrimental to democracy and were more pronounced in established democracies. While the impact of digital media on political systems depends on the specific variable and system in question, several variables show clear directions of associations. The evidence calls for research efforts and vigilance by governments and civil societies to better understand, design and regulate the interplay of digital media and democracy. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01460-1 VL - 7 SP - 74 EP - 101 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöfer, Till A1 - Weinhardt, Clara T1 - Developing-country status at the WTO: the divergent strategies of Brazil, India and China JF - International Affairs N2 - The global power shift towards Brazil, India, China and other non-western powers has led to pressures to adjust international institutions to new economic realities. Most power shift theories assume that established powers defend their institutional privileges, while emerging powers challenge them. Conversely, in this article we reverse this assumption by shedding light on ‘privileges’ of the weak: many international institutions have established special rights for disadvantaged regime members. We ask what strategies emerging powers adopt as they come under pressure to give up these rights commonly reserved for regime members with developing country status. We present a novel conceptualization of four ideal-typical strategies that combine elements of resistance and accommodation. Empirically, we examine the strategies that Brazil, India and China (BICs) have adopted in the World Trade Organization. We find that no uniform approach exists across the BICs: while India fiercely resists giving up its status as a developing country and the flexibilities it comes with, Brazil adopts a pragmatic approach that largely accommodates established powers' demands to give up special rights reserved for developing countries. China pursues a mixed strategy of selective accommodation and resistance. These findings contribute to recent debates on global power shifts by illustrating how material incentives and status considerations shape the adaptation of international institutions as privileges for the weak are re-negotiated. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiac227 VL - 98 IS - 6 SP - 1937 EP - 1957 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koc-Michalska, Karolina A1 - Klinger, Ulrike A1 - Bennett, Lance A1 - Römmele, Andrea T1 - (Digital) Campaigning in Dissonant Public Spheres JF - Political Communication N2 - With the advent of digital media and social media platforms, the speed of innovation and technology adoption in campaigns have increased tremendously. At the same time, the campaign environment and its rules are in constant flow, as platform logics, party operations, and voter alignments both reflect and create instability in many political systems. Additionally, disinformation, foreign interference in cam-paigns, hyper-partisan media ecologies, and hyperactive users have all created changes in opinion climates. In light of these develop-ments, and building on the theoretical concept of increasingly dis-rupted and dissonant public spheres (developed by Barbara Pfetsch and Lance Bennett), this special issue seeks to expand research on campaigning beyond assumptions of well-functioning political sys-tems, to better understand the erosion of institutional legitimacy and trust, and their effects on communication processes. The special issue is organized within two conceptual approaches. The first cluster of manuscripts observes how political candidates, organizations, and parties optimize their behaviour within the dissonant political envir-onment. The second part examines responses, perceptions, and con-sequences of the disrupted environment on the public. Finally, four integrated forum essays look into how dissonant public spheres may disturb democratic processes, discuss the role of data-driven cam-paigning, and address how limited access to platform data affects our understanding of dissonant public spheres. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2023.2173872 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glawion, Tim A1 - Le Noan, Anne-Clémence T1 - Rebel governance or governance in rebel territory? Extraction and services in Ndélé, Central African republic JF - Small Wars & Insurgencies N2 - Rebel governance assumes a symbiotic relationship between coercion and public goods provision. However, in the rebel-held town of Ndélé, Central African Republic, we find that governance happens in rebel-held territory, but rarely by rebels. Rebels allowed other actors to provide services for the people only when this did not hinder rebels extracting political clout and economic benefit from the people and their lands. We show how rebels’ extractive ambitions and governance discourses evolved during successive stages of rebellion through a diachronic comparison rooted in multimethod fieldwork from 2018 to 2022. We ask, why were rebel groups able to set up their rule, then rule for seven years, before ultimately losing power? Rebels evoked public goods at the onset of rebellion to justify the use of coercive means. After rebel rule was established, rebels outsourced public goods to international and state actors allowing for governance in rebel-held territory while focussing their own efforts on extraction. When their rule was challenged, rebels targeted governance actors and spaces in their territory in pursuit of economic gain and political dominance. Our findings call for a re-evaluation of existing rebel governance studies and the ways in which rebel groups are engaged with. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2022.2137282 VL - 34 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 51 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mack, Sebastian A1 - Findeisen, Francesco T1 - Do more with more – How the EU can improve funding for the European Green Deal N2 - Funding remains the Achilles heel of the EU Green Deal. Europe needs to spend an additional €350 billion on climate action every year until the end of this decade. The bulk of sustainable investment is expected to come from the private sector and the InvestEU programme has been established to leverage private investment through the European Investment Bank (EIB) Group and other public financial institutions. However, overly ambitious target volumes backed by only limited public financial support, and the resultant high levels of leverage, prevent InvestEU from delivering its full potential for achieving the green transition. To plug the green investment gap, InvestEU needs to reduce its leverage, increase its transparency on intermediated operations and be complemented by fresh public spending at EU level to finance transformative investments that fall outside the scope of what public de-risking of private investments can achieve. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/european-green-deal-funding ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Strausz, Roland T1 - Correlation-Savvy Sellers T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - A multi-product monopolist sells sequentially to a buyer who privately learns his valuations. Using big data, the monopolist learns the intertemporal correlation of the buyer’s valuations. Perfect price discrimination is generally unattainable—even when the seller learns the correlation perfectly, has full commitment, and in the limit where the consumption good about which the buyer has ex ante private information becomes insignificant. This impossibility is due to informational externalities which requires information rents for the buyer’s later consumption. These rents induce upward and downward distortions, violating the generalized no distortion at the top principle of dynamic mechanism design. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 16 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49605 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4960 ET - No. 16 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Pollrich, Martin A1 - Strausz, Roland T1 - The irrelevance of fee structures for certification T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - In models of certification possible restrictions on the nature of the fee structures are commonly analyzed. We show that they are irrelevant for the certifier’s ability to maximize profits and trade efficiency. Our results establish that certification schemes involve two substitutable dimensions—the fee structure and the disclosure rule. In the context of a canonical unit good certification setup, these dimensions act as perfect substitutes for achieving trade efficiency and (monotone) distributions of rents; adjustments in the disclosure dimension can fully mitigate restrictions in the fee dimension, but these changes do affect market transparency. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 17 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49724 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4972 ET - No. 17 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kaiser, Silke A1 - Klein, Nadja A1 - Kaack, Lynn T1 - Predicting cycling traffic in cities: Is bikesharing data representative of the cycling volume? N2 - A higher share of cycling in cities can lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, a decrease in noise pollution, and personal health benefits. Data-driven approaches to planning new infrastructure to promote cycling are rare, mainly because data on cycling volume are only available selectively. By leveraging new and more granular data sources, we predict bicycle count measurements in Berlin, using data from free-floating bike-sharing systems in addition to weather, vacation, infrastructure, and socioeconomic indicators. To reach a high prediction accuracy given the diverse data, we make use of machine learning techniques. Our goal is to ultimately predict traffic volume on all streets beyond those with counters and to understand the variance in feature importance across time and space. Results indicate that bike-sharing data are valuable to improve the predictive performance, especially in cases with high outliers, and help generalize the models to new locations. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49429 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4942 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Darius, Philipp A1 - Stockmann, Daniela A1 - Bryson, Joanna A1 - Cingolani, Luciana A1 - Griffin, Rachel A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Kupi, Maximilian A1 - Mones, Haytham A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Riordan, Rónán A1 - Stockreiter, Simona T1 - Implementing Data Access of the Digital Services Act: Collaboration of European Digital Service Coordinators and Researchers in Building Strong Oversight over Social Media Platforms N2 - The EU Digital Service Acts signals a move away from self-regulation towards co-regulation of social media platforms within the European Union. To address online harms and rising platform power the DSA clarifies responsibilities of platforms and outlines a new technology regulatory framework to increase oversight. One key oversight instrument constitutes Article 40 of the DSA, which lays out data access for vetted researchers, who add value to regulators and the broader public as creators of knowledge, educators, advisors, innovators, and watchdogs. Currently, the EU Commission and national governments make important decisions regarding Digital Service Coordinators (DSCs) that play a key role in implementation. Based on expertise on European public administration and political science we lay out key challenges and success factors of DSCs that will play a role in promoting successful cooperation between DSCs and researchers. We provide three recommendations: First, we recommend to strengthen transfer of scientific knowledge into policy-making by processing publicly accessible publications within public administrative bodies. To this end, capacities of DSCs need to be increased. In addition, we also point towards the database of vetted researchers collected by the Board of DSCs as important resource in order to strengthen knowledge transfer. Second, the DSC network requires agile institutions with fast response time in order to enable researchers to play a constructive role in implementation. This also includes institutional procedures between DSCs and the Intermediary Body and Data Protection Agencies. To avoid delay in implementation agile institution-building needs to start now. Finally, institutional safeguards will help to avoid strategic choice of companies of the DSC of establishment. At the same time, the Irish DSC's capacity should be strengthened compared to other national DSCs since most large intermediary services providers have their European headquarters in Ireland. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49479 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4947 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Peitz, Laura Francesca T1 - The Dual Nature of Multilateral Development Banks: Balancing Development and Financial Logics N2 - This Element offers a novel, highly relevant perspective towards Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), which are development and financial organizations at the same time. Based on the elaborate institutional logics perspective borrowed from organizational sociology, it uncovers the complex trade-offs between financial and development pressures faced by MDBs and explains variation in organizational responses thereto across types of MDBs. The argument is tested with an original dataset using Data Envelopment Analysis to explain variation in response patterns across MDBs. The analysis shows that lending to the private sector as well as being predominantly owned by borrowing members increase MDBs' emphasis on the financial at the expense of the development nature. Thereby, this Element provides unique insights into MDBs' responses to their dual nature and significantly advances our understanding of MDB lending operations, drawing attention to the complexities involved in the unique MDB business model. T3 - Dissertations submitted to the Hertie School - 02/2023 Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781009392303 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009392297 N1 - Shelf mark: 2023D002 + 2023D002+1 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frank, Emily T1 - Determinants of welfare benefit use of immigrant groups - longitudinal evidence from Germany JF - Frontiers in Sociology N2 - While recent literature in Germany has compared predictors of welfare use between EU and non-EU immigrants, refugees have yet to be added to the analysis. Using survey data of approximately 4,000 immigrants living in Germany, I examine the determinants of basic unemployment benefits receipt for intra-EU immigrants, refugees, and third country immigrants. In particular, I investigate how education affects the likelihood of welfare use for each immigrant group. Even after controlling for human capital factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and factors related to migration such as legal status and age at migration, refugees remain significantly more likely to receive benefits. Results demonstrate that higher education significantly decreases the likelihood of welfare receipt for EU and third country immigrants, but much less so for refugees. These findings may indicate that refugees' education is not being used to its full potential in the labor market or that they face additional challenges hindering their labor market integration. A further and unanticipated finding is that immigrants who hold permanent residency or German citizenship are less likely to receive unemployment benefits, pointing either to positive effects of a secure residency or selection into permanent residency and citizenship among those with the greatest labor market success. Overall, this research shows that challenges beyond human capital deficiencies and sociodemographic characteristics must be considered when studying immigrants' receipt of social benefits, that not all educational credentials are valued equally, and that the experiences of refugees differ in significant ways from those of other immigrant groups. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.839352 VL - 7 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sarmiento, Daniel A1 - van den Brink, Martijn ED - Kochenov, Dimitry ED - Surak, Kristin T1 - EU competence and investor migration T2 - Citizenship and Residence Sales: Rethinking the Boundaries of Belonging N2 - In this chapter, we examine the issue of competence to confer residence and citizenship based on a donation or investment in the light of international and European law as they stand today. We show that the national competence to do this is part of the sovereign nature of the modern state, which implies the ability to create a people and delimit the scope of the population granted a right to settle in the national territory, underpinned by rules behind such delimitation. We also explain why investment migration per se cannot be presented as unlawful and outlines the avenues for the eventual disciplining of its offshoots in areas unrelated to migration as such, thus connecting particularly well with Peter Spiro’s analysis of relevant international law. Y1 - 2023 SN - 9781108492874 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108675123.009 SP - 183 EP - 206 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruhnau, Oliver A1 - Stiewe, Clemens A1 - Muessel, Jarusch A1 - Hirth, Lion T1 - Natural gas savings in Germany during the 2022 energy crisis JF - Nature Energy N2 - Russia curbed its natural gas supply to Europe in 2021 and 2022, creating a grave energy crisis. This paper empirically estimates the crisis response of natural gas consumers in Germany—for decades the largest export market for Russian gas. Using a multiple regression model, we estimate the response of small consumers, industry, and power stations separately, controlling for the non-linear temperature-heating relationship, seasonality, and trends. We find significant and substantial gas savings for all consumer groups, but with differences in timing and size. For instance, industry started reducing consumption as early as September 2021, while small consumers saved substantially only since March 2022. Across all sectors, gas consumption during the second half of 2022 was 23% below the temperature-adjusted baseline. We discuss the drivers behind these savings and draw conclusions on their role in coping with the crisis. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49445 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4944 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Nature Energy. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01260-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baum, Kevin A1 - Bryson, Joanna A1 - Dignum, Frank A1 - Dignum, Virginia A1 - Grobelnik, Marko A1 - Hoos, Holger A1 - Irgens, Morten A1 - Lukowicz, Paul A1 - Muller, Catelijne A1 - Rossi, Francesca A1 - Shawe-Taylor, John A1 - Theodorou, Andreas A1 - Vinuesa, Ricardo T1 - From Fear to Action: AI Governance and Opportunities for All JF - Frontiers in Computer Science Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1210421 VL - 5 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rasche, Lucas T1 - The EU’s race for talent: Common challenge, no shared response N2 - Labour shortages are a common challenge for EU member states. Shortages in sectors vital to the green and digital transition risk attaining common objectives of the EU’s industrial strategy. But as much as the need to attract skilled workers is a shared concern, the EU lacks a common labour migration policy that lives up to the challenge. In this Policy Brief, Lucas Rasche argues that the EU’s current labour migration acquis is highly fragmented, underused, and largely detached from other policy areas. Hence the EU needs to structurally re-think its approach to labour migration for it to truly compete in the global race for talent. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/race-for-talent ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jansen, Jannik A1 - Jäger, Philipp A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - For climate, profits, or resilience? Why, where and how the EU should respond to the Inflation Reduction Act N2 - The US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has rekindled European fears of missing out in the global green technology race. However, EU member states still disagree on whether the greater risk lies in doing too much or too little. At heart, there remains significant confusion on which European sectors stand to lose competitiveness; how much the EU should fret about these losses; and whether there is a need for joint support from the EU level to avoid economic divergence. We take a first stab at the existing sectoral evidence. Our results suggest that the IRA will undercut European production costs in several sectors. This does not mean the EU must mimic the US program. However, it does mean that the EU needs to turn its piecemeal Green Deal Industrial Plan into a coherent strategy. This requires a greater focus on green industries in which Europe can develop a competitive edge and more joint financing at the EU level. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/ira-europe-response ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kim, Jeongbin A1 - Lim, Wooyoung A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian T1 - Patience Is Power: Bargaining and Payoff Delay T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We provide causal evidence that patience is a significant source of bargaining power. Generalizing the Rubinstein (1982) bargaining model to arbitrarily non-stationary discounting, we first show that dynamic consistency across bargaining rounds is sufficient for a unique equilibrium, which we characterize. We then experimentally implement a version of this game where bargaining delay is negligible (frequent offers, so dynamic consistency holds by design), while payoff delay is significant (a week or month per round of disagreement, with or without front-end delay). Our treatments induce different time preferences between subjects by randomly assigning individuals different public payoff delay profiles. The leading treatment allows to test for a general patience advantage, predicted independent of the shape of discounting, and it receives strong behavioral support. Additional treatments show that this advantage hinges on the availability of immediate payoffs and reject exponential discounting in favor of present-biased discounting. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 15 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49465 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4946 ET - No. 15 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bönisch, Felix A1 - König, Tobias A1 - Schweighofer-Kodritsch, Sebastian A1 - Weizsäcker, Georg T1 - Beliefs as a Means of Self-Control? Evidence from a Dynamic Student Survey T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - We repeatedly elicit beliefs about the returns to study effort, in a large university course. A behavioral model of quasi-hyperbolic discounting and malleable beliefs predicts that the dynamics of beliefs mirrors the importance of exerting self-control, such that believed returns increase as the exam approaches, and drop post-exam. Exploiting variation in exam timing to control for common information shocks, we find this prediction confirmed: average believed study returns increase by about 20% over the period before the exam, and drop by about the same amount afterwards. Additional analyses further support the hypothesized mechanism that beliefs serve as a means of self-control. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 14 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49457 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4945 ET - No. 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola A1 - Wagner, Felix A1 - Nachtigall, Florian A1 - Hu, Jiawei A1 - Brüser, Geza Boi A1 - Zumwald, Marius A1 - Biljecki, Filip A1 - Heeren, Niko A1 - Kaack, Lynn A1 - Pichler, Peter-Paul A1 - Creutzig, Felix T1 - EUBUCCO v0.1: European building stock characteristics in a common and open database for 200+ million individual buildings JF - Scientific Data N2 - Building stock management is becoming a global societal and political issue, inter alia because of growing sustainability concerns. Comprehensive and openly accessible building stock data can enable impactful research exploring the most effective policy options. In Europe, efforts from citizen and governments generated numerous relevant datasets but these are fragmented and heterogeneous, thus hindering their usability. Here, we present EUBUCCO v0.1, a database of individual building footprints for ~202 million buildings across the 27 European Union countries and Switzerland. Three main attributes – building height, construction year and type – are included for respectively 73%, 24% and 46% of the buildings. We identify, collect and harmonize 50 open government datasets and OpenStreetMap, and perform extensive validation analyses to assess the quality, consistency and completeness of the data in every country. EUBUCCO v0.1 provides the basis for high-resolution urban sustainability studies across scales – continental, comparative or local studies – using a centralized source and is relevant for a variety of use cases, e.g., for energy system analysis or natural hazard risk assessments. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02040-2 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Gertraud A1 - Chesaniuk, Marie A1 - Haering, Stephanie A1 - Roseman, Julia A1 - Straßburger, Vera Maren A1 - Schraudner, Martina A1 - Ahmad, Aisha-Nusrat A1 - Auma, Maisha A1 - Banas, Kasia A1 - Borde, Theda A1 - Buspavanich, Pichit A1 - Dewey, Marc A1 - Di Maio, Sally A1 - Ditlmann, Ruth K. A1 - Enarovic, Ilona A1 - Fischer, Marina A1 - Gellert, Paul A1 - Gerstorf, Denis A1 - Grittner, Ulrike A1 - Gutsell, Jennifer A1 - Hagelskamp, Carolin A1 - Henschel, Anna A1 - Herrmann, Wolfram A1 - Hilger, Caren A1 - Horozoglu, Gülru A1 - Hövener, Claudia A1 - Hunter, Emma A1 - Iida, Masumi A1 - Keller, Lena A1 - Kendel, Friederike A1 - Krumbholz, Charlotte Ariane A1 - Licha, Matthias A1 - Mason, Kimberly A1 - Mata, Jutta A1 - Mau, Steffen A1 - Meuwly, Nathalie A1 - Moschko, Tomasz A1 - Müller-Werdan, Ursula A1 - O'Sullivan, Julie Lorraine A1 - Radl, Jonas A1 - Rathmann, Christian A1 - Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera A1 - Rieckmann, Nina A1 - Rommel, Alexander A1 - Salikutluk, Zerrin A1 - Shrout, Patrick E. A1 - Smith, Jamie A1 - Specht, Jule A1 - Stephan, Petra A1 - Stock, Christiane A1 - Wenzel, Mine T1 - Diversified innovations in the health sciences: Proposal for a Diversity Minimal Item Set (DiMIS) JF - Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy N2 - Background Science strives to provide high-quality evidence for all members of society, but there continues to be a considerable gender and diversity data gap, i.e., a systematic lack of data for traditionally underrepresented groups. Gender and other diversity domains are related to morbidity, mortality, and social and economic participation, yet measures as well as evidence regarding how these domains intersect are missing. We propose a brief, efficient Diversity Minimal Item Set (DiMIS) for routine data collection in empirical studies to contribute to closing the diversity and gender data gap. We focus on the example of health but consider the DiMIS applicable across scientific disciplines. Methods To identify items for the DiMIS across diversity domains, we performed an extensive literature search and conducted semi-structured interviews with scientific experts and community stakeholders in nine diversity domains. Using this information, we created a minimal item set of self-report survey items for each domain. Findings Items covering nine diversity domains as well as discrimination experiences were compiled from a variety of sources and modified as recommended by experts. The DiMIS focuses on an intersectional approach, i.e., studying gender, age, socioeconomic status, care responsibilities, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, disability, mental and physical health, and their intersections. It allows for data sets with comparable assessments of gender and diversity across multiple projects to be combined, creating samples large enough for meaningful analyses. Interpretation In proposing the DiMIS, we hope to advance the conversation about closing the gender and diversity data gap in science. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101072 VL - 33 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Creutzig, Felix A1 - Acemoglu, Daron A1 - Bai, Xuemei A1 - Edwards, Paul N. A1 - Hintz, Marie Josefine A1 - Kaack, Lynn A1 - Kilkis, Siir A1 - Kunkel, Stefanie A1 - Luers, Amy A1 - Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola A1 - Rejeski, Dave A1 - Renn, Jürgen A1 - Rolnick, David A1 - Rosol, Christoph A1 - Russ, Daniela A1 - Turnbull, Thomas A1 - Verdolini, Elena A1 - Wagner, Felix A1 - Wilson, Charlie A1 - Zekar, Aicha A1 - Zumwald, Marius T1 - Digitalization and the Anthropocene JF - Annual Review of Environment and Resources N2 - Great claims have been made about the benefits of dematerialization in a digital service economy. However, digitalization has historically increased environmental impacts at local and planetary scales, affecting labor markets, resource use, governance, and power relationships. Here we study the past, present, and future of digitalization through the lens of three interdependent elements of the Anthropocene: (a) planetary boundaries and stability, (b) equity within and between countries, and (c) human agency and governance, mediated via (i) increasing resource efficiency, (ii) accelerating consumption and scale effects, (iii) expanding political and economic control, and (iv) deteriorating social cohesion. While direct environmental impacts matter, the indirect and systemic effects of digitalization are more profoundly reshaping the relationship between humans, technosphere and planet. We develop three scenarios: planetary instability, green but inhumane, and deliberate for the good. We conclude with identifying leverage points that shift human–digital–Earth interactions toward sustainability. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-120920-100056 VL - 47 SP - 479 EP - 509 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jakob Sadeh, Linda A1 - Mair, Johanna T1 - Reinforcing Political Inequality Through Diversity Initiatives: A Field-Level Perspective JF - Journal of Management N2 - Although diversity initiatives are considered prominent vessels for addressing inequality and despite massive investments in them, inequality inside organizations persists. Assessments of diversity initiatives often center on economic inequality and view organizations as closed systems to explain why they fail. Building on a 19-month field-level ethnography of the diversity field in Israel targeting Palestinian employment, we examine political inequality and show how it is perpetuated even as economic inequality is dealt with. Our findings reveal that the field is complicit in creating a chasm between the economic and political spheres by positioning diversity initiatives as a means to tackle economic inequality. The field’s infrastructure and dominant discourse reinforce this chasm and thereby make political inequality invisible, generating false consciousness. Our study challenges the preoccupation of diversity scholarship with universal best practices, suggests avenues for assessing and managing diversity initiatives while taking stock of political inequality, and directs future research to delve into the relationship between the economic and the political in organizations and our societies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063231163579 SN - 0149-2063 ER - TY - JFULL ED - Freudlsperger, Christian ED - Jachtenfuchs, Markus T1 - A member state like any other? Germany and the European integration of core state powers T2 - Journal of European Integration Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/geui20/43/2 SN - Print ISSN: 0703-6337, Online ISSN: 1477-2280 VL - 43 IS - 2 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Nõmmik, Steven A1 - Bello, Benedetta A1 - Boon, Jan A1 - Van Doninck, Dries A1 - Downe, James A1 - Randma-Liiv, Tiina T1 - Deconstructing complexity: A comparative study of government collaboration in national digital platforms and smart city networks in Europe JF - Public Policy and Administration N2 - This research deconstructs complexity as a key challenge of intergovernmental digitalisation projects. While much of the literature acknowledges that the fundamental restructuring coupled with technical capacity that these joint projects require leads to increased complexity, little is known about how different types of complexity interact within the collaborative process. Using established concepts of substantive, strategic, and institutional complexity, we apply complexity theory in collaborative digital environments. To do so, eight digital projects are analysed that differ by state structure and government level. Using a cross-case design with 50 semi-structured expert interviews, we find that each digitalisation project exhibits all types of complexity and that these complexities overlap. However, clear differences emerge between national and local level projects, suggesting that complexity in digitalisation processes presents different challenges for collaborative digitalisation projects across contexts. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767231169401 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Civil Society and Sustainability: An Essay on the Long View JF - International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society N2 - Civil society has re-entered the standard social sciences vocabulary, and important contributions have been made in recent years to advance the historical understanding and conceptual development of this sphere analytically located between the state and the market. Such contributions have been mostly within a political science perspective that examines civil society in the context of a particular country or region or in reference to the emerging field of non-profit studies. What has been missing is a broader perspective within a comparative institutional framework that places the capacity of civil society for self-organisation and self-correction relative to the capacity of the state to control and regulate. Frequently, these two capacities are in conflict with each other, and exploring their relationship may suggest new answers to the question of what makes civil society develop and be sustainable in the long run. KW - Civil society KW - State KW - Leviathan KW - Sustainability Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-023-09450-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rackwitz, Maike T1 - Fraught with tension? A machine-learning approach to termination traits of public corporations in English and German local governments JF - Public Management Review N2 - Corporatization has gained scholarly attention in recent years, yet little is known regarding why many corporations are eventually terminated, and what happens to their form and functions thereafter. Reinternalizing services is one option local governments may pursue. This paper focuses on the impact of tensions (systemic contradictions) on this final resolution reached: Do local governments choose or refuse reinternalization? Conducting machine learning, I predict termination outcomes based on an original dataset of 244 ceased English and German companies (2010–2020). The results show that macrosystemic tensions are more relevant for resourcing decisions and reinternalization is less likely to be caused by formal ownership issues. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2204323 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Traxler, Christian A1 - Dušek, Libor A1 - Pardo, Nicolas T1 - Jak zlepšit výběr pokut? Experiment se zjednodušením informací Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.prf.cuni.cz/aktuality/jak-zlepsit-vyber-pokut-experiment-se-zjednodusenim-informaci IS - Studie 2/2023 PB - Legal Data Hub ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Demir-Gürsel, Esra T1 - Continuity and change in human rights appropriation: The case of Turkey JF - International Journal of Constitutional Law N2 - This article analyzes the political and legal dynamics of continuity and change in the appropriation of human rights in Turkey against the backdrop of growing authoritarian practices. Human rights appropriation in Turkey has traditionally focused on the interpretation of human rights favoring national security and secular sensibilities to determine who has human rights and to what extent. The recent decade is a case of continuity and change. While the secularist frame has been replaced by a religious frame defining authentic human rights holders as members of the “pious” Turkish Muslim family and society, the national security frame has remained a continuous source of human rights appropriation. The article first offers an account of the dynamics of old forms of human rights appropriation in Turkey. It then analyzes the new actors, strategies, and transnational dimensions of new forms of human rights (mis)appropriation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moad024 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jugl, Marlene A1 - Pagel, William A. M. A1 - Garcia Jimenez, Maria Camilla A1 - Salendres, Jean Pierre A1 - Lowe, Will A1 - Malikova, Helena A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - Spamming the regulator: exploring a new lobbying strategy in EU competition procedures JF - Journal of Antitrust Enforcement N2 - Regulation plays a central role in modern governance; yet, we have limited knowledge of how subjects of regulation—particularly, private actors—act in the face of potentially adverse regulatory decisions. Here, we document and examine a novel lobbying strategy in the context of competition regulation, a strategy that exploits the regulator’s finite administrative capacities. Companies with merger cases under scrutiny by the European Commission’s Directorate General for Competition appear to be employing a strategy of ‘spamming the regulator,’ through the strategic and cumulative submission of economic expert assessments. Procedural pressures may result in an undeservedly favourable assessment of the merger. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of an original dataset of all complex merger cases in the European Union 2005–2020, we present evidence of this new strategy and a possible learning process among private actors. We suggest remedies to ensure regulatory effectiveness in the face of this novel strategy. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jaenfo/jnad009 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mack, Sebastian T1 - Get your priorities right – Europe must not underestimate the role of banks for the green transition N2 - EU policymakers and the financial sector have placed high hopes in forging a green capital markets union. However, the idea that capital markets could swiftly close the green investment gap ignores underlying financing structures. In Europe, the areas with the biggest funding needs rely on bank loans rather than financial markets and the recent banking turmoil is unlikely to change this. The reliance on banks will not abate any time soon as EU governments are dragging their heels on completing the capital markets union despite repeated promises. Since banks will largely finance the European green deal, the EU should step up its efforts to green the banking system and systematically make climate risks a core element of banking supervision, prudential regulation, and monetary policy. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/banks-role-for-green-transition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Kindt, Josefa A1 - Mena, Sébastien T1 - The Emerging Field of Political Innovation JF - Stanford Social Innovation Review N2 - Civil society has attended to social problems for decades while intentionally refraining from overt engagement with politics. But a new field of practice seeks to reinvigorate democracy by emancipating social innovation from this stricture. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48558/R5XX-CP70 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 24 EP - 29 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mack, Sebastian T1 - Get your act together – The EU must push ahead with banking union to boost confidence in its banking system N2 - EU banks have so far weathered the storm caused by the pandemic, the war in Ukraine and sharp interest rate hikes. However, the failure of Credit Suisse and three US tech banks underlines how quickly investor and creditor trust can erode, prompting regulators to intervene and governments to provide public support. While swift and decisive action in the US and Switzerland prevented a systemic bank crisis, the EU will struggle to preserve financial stability if things go badly wrong. To boost confidence in its banking system, it is therefore high time for the EU to push ahead with banking union. To get its act together, the EU should 1) improve banks’ resilience by adopting strict prudential regulation instead of creating new vulnerabilities, 2) make the crisis management framework more credible to ensure that banks can fail without using taxpayers’ money, and 3) put in place European backstops to bank resolution and deposit insurance to withstand a systemic crisis. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/banking-union-boost-confidence ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lindner, Johannes A1 - Redeker, Nils T1 - "It’s the politics, stupid” - don't squander this golden opportunity for reforming the fiscal rules N2 - On the reform of fiscal rules, the EU risks letting a once-in-a-decade opportunity slip. The time window for a successful reform is tight. And the Commission's current proposal is economically sound but politically overconfident. This risks drawing the Commission into political fights it cannot win, and would repeat some of the mistakes of the last reform process. At the same, current rules remain impossible to apply. Those who romanticize the old framework therefore need to realize that a retreat to the old system is not an option. The EU thus needs a compromise and needs it fast. To get there in the little time left, we propose four improvements: first, the system needs some numerical benchmarks for debt reduction in the adjustment period; second, it should include a clear definition of the scope of possible deviations through growth-oriented reforms and investments; third it should come with explicit carve-outs for national expenditures linked to some EU programs; and fourth, it needs credible enforcement through better ownership not only at the national but also at the European level. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/fiscal-rules-reform ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Gohl, Niklas T1 - Working Longer, Working Stronger? The Forward-Looking Effects of Increasing the Retirement Age on (Un)employment Behaviour T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - Leveraging two cohort-specific pension reforms, this paper estimates the forward-looking effects of an exogenous increase in the working horizon on (un)employment behaviour for individuals with a long remaining statutory working life. Using difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches based on administrative and survey data, I show that a longer legal working horizon increases individuals’ subjective expectations about the length of their work life, raises the probability of employment, decreases the probability of unemployment, and increases the intensity of job search among the unemployed. Heterogeneity analyses show that the demonstrated employment effects are strongest for women and in occupations with comparatively low physical intensity, i.e., occupations that can be performed at older ages. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 13 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49205 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4920 ET - No. 13 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edmondson, Duncan A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - aus dem Moore, Nils A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Koller, Florian A1 - Gruhl, Henri A1 - Brehm, Johannes A1 - Levi, Sebastian T1 - Bewertung klimapolitischer Instrumentenmix-Pfade – Eine Anwendung auf leichte Nutzfahrzeuge in Deutschland Y1 - 2022 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/hintergrund-bewertung-klimapolitischer-instrumentenmix-pfade-eine-anwendung-auf-leichte-nutzfahrzeuge-in-deutschland/ PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kuhmann, Konrad T1 - Firm Heterogeneity and the Transmission of Central Bank Credit Policy T2 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers N2 - I study the role of firm heterogeneity for the transmission of unconventional monetary policy in the form of “credit policy” à la Gertler and Karadi (2011). To this end, I lay out a Two-Agent New-Keynesian model with financially constrained and unconstrained firms and a financial intermediary with an endogenous leverage constraint. I find that, when firms are heterogeneous, aggregate investment is substantially less responsive to credit policy compared to an identical firm setting. Moreover, when debt markets are segmented, credit policy directed exclusively at financially unconstrained firms is most effective. My paper provides a tractable framework to illustrate mechanisms through which firm heterogeneity affects the transmission of credit policy. According to my findings, the presence of firm heterogeneity can be expected to make credit policy less effective than predicted by a representative agent framework. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 12 Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-49179 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4917 ET - No. 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Rau, Sandra ED - Madoff, Ray ED - Soskis, Benjamin T1 - Time-Limited Foundations: Comparative Perspectives from Europe T2 - Giving in Time: Temporal Considerations in Philanthropy Y1 - 2023 UR - https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538131770/Giving-in-Time-Temporal-Considerations-in-Philanthropy SN - 978-1-5381-3176-3 SP - 177 EP - 195 PB - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers CY - Lanham, Maryland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard A1 - Palaric, Enora A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Wegrich, Kai T1 - A shift in paradigm? Collaborative public administration in the context of national digitalization strategies JF - Governance N2 - Despite claims of a paradigmatic shift toward the increased role of networks and partnerships as a form of governance—driven and enabled by digital technologies—the relation of “Networked Governance” with the pre-existing paradigms of “Traditional Weberian Public Administration” and “New Public Management” remains relatively unexplored. This research aims at collecting systematic evidence on the dominant paradigms in digitalization reforms in Europe by comparing the doctrines employed in the initial and most recent digitalization strategies across eight European countries: Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom. We challenge the claim that Networked Governance is emerging as the dominant paradigm in the context of the digitalization of the public sector. The findings confirm earlier studies indicating that information and communication technologies tend to reinforce some traditional features of administration and the recentralization of power. Furthermore, we find evidence of the continued importance of key features of “New Public Management” in the digital era. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12778 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Levi, Sebastian A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Sommer, Stephan T1 - Geographische und zeitliche Unterschiede in der Zustimmung zu Klimaschutzpolitik in Deutschland N2 - Um die ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele zu erreichen, braucht Deutschland effektive Instrumente und Maßnahmen auf nationaler, bundesstaatlicher und kommunaler Ebene. Der Erfolg dieser Politik wird maßgeblich davon abhängen, ob es gelingt, eine breite gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz und Unterstützung für diese Maßnahmen auf den entsprechenden Ebenen zu erreichen. Die Haltung der Bevölkerung wird jedoch in der Regel auf nationaler Ebene über Umfragen gemessen, die geographische Unterschiede dabei auf den subnationalen Ebenen außer Acht lassen. Im Rahmen dieser Analyse schätzen wir die durchschnittliche Bevölkerungszustimmung zu 26 Klimaschutzmaßnahmen in den Sektoren Wärme, Transport und Energie auf Bundesland-, Landkreis- und kommunaler Ebene zwischen 2017 und 2021 mittels eines mehrstufigen Regressions- und Poststratifizierungsmodells. Die Schätzungen basieren auf zwei bundesweit repräsentativen Panel-Umfragen, dem Sozialen Nachhaltigkeitsbarometer und dem Ariadne Wärme-& Wohnen-Panel. Durch die Analyse werden erhebliche regionale Unterschiede in der Zustimmung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen in der deutschen Bevölkerung sichtbar. Die Befürwortung einzelner Klimaschutzmaßnahmen variiert teilweise um bis zu 60 Prozentpunkte zwischen den untersuchten geographischen Einheiten. In der Gesamtbetrachtung der räumlichen Disparitäten zeichnen sich bedeutsame Unterschiede zwischen Stadt- und Landbevölkerung sowie West- und Ostdeutschland ab. Im zeitlichen Verlauf haben sich dabei die Einstellungen gegenüber einzelnen Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise dem Ausbau von Wind- und Solarkraftanlagen, angenähert, während die öffentliche Meinung zu anderen energiepolitischen Instrumenten, wie dem Kohleausstieg, im Laufe der Jahre polarisieren. Mittels einer zusätzlich durchgeführten räumlichen Panelanalyse können wir zudem zeigen, dass sich die Veränderungen von bestimmten Kontextfaktoren auf die Zustimmung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen auf kommunaler Ebene auswirken. So finden wir einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen der Befürwortung des Ausbaus von Wind- und Solarkraftanlagen und dem tatsächlichen Zubau an Solar- und Windkapazitäten in diesen Regionen. Ferner wird die Haltung gegenüber klimapolitischen Maßnahmen stark von räumlichen Diffusionseffekten, d.h. der Ausbreitung von Einstellungen im sozialen Umfeld, bestimmt, wie der Einfluss von Meinungsänderungen in einer Region auf deren Nachbarregionen veranschaulicht. Die in diesem Bericht und auf dem interaktiven Online-Dashboard zur Verfügung gestellten Schätzungen der Zustimmung zu Klimaschutzmaßnahmen, stellen eine wichtige Informationsgrundlage für politische Entscheidungsträger:innen dar, um den gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen effektiv zu begegnen. Alle generierten Daten sind im Online-Dashboard „Lokale Klimaschutzeinstellungen in Deutschland“ unter https://hertie-school-ariadne.shinyapps.io/LocalAttitudesDashboard/ einsehbar. KW - Climate Policy Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/analyse-geographische-und-zeitliche-unterschiede-in-der-zustimmung-zu-klimaschutzpolitik-in-deutschland/ PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mann, Michael A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Interview: Michael Mann and Helmut K. Anheier JF - Global Perspectives N2 - In this interview, Helmut K. Anheier and Michael Mann first discuss Mann’s work on the sociology of power, especially the types and sources of power. They then focus on the rise and fall of empires and his analysis of wars, as well as current international tensions, especially US-China relations and a revisionist Russia. Throughout, they focus on longer-term economic and sociopolitical developments that may affect the future of the liberal order. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2023.68340 VL - 4 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brüggmann, Daniel A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Earnings Trajectories After Divorce: The Legacies of the Earner Model During Marriage JF - Population Research and Policy Review N2 - Divorce marks the legal endpoint of a marital union. While divorce is increasingly seen as a ‘clean break’, the past marital history of the couple may nevertheless shape their present conditions. In particular, there may be a legacy of a highly gendered division of labour during marriage that may affect the ex-spouses’ earning trajectories beyond the date of divorce. Using register data from the German Pension Fund, we examine the earning trajectories of heterosexual couples who filed for a divorce in 2013 (24,616 men and 24,616 women). Using fixed-effects and matching techniques, we compare the earning trajectories of divorcees with those of a control group of married persons in the period spanning two years before and two years after divorce. In particular, we examine how the earner models divorcees followed during marriage shaped their future earning trajectories. Our results show that, on average, the earnings of a divorced woman in a male breadwinner constellation increased after divorce, while the earnings of her male ex-spouse declined. Nevertheless, large gender differences in earnings persisted: 2 years after separation, a divorced woman who had been in a male breadwinner constellation was, on average, earning 72% less than her ex-spouse. We discuss our findings against the background of recent policy reforms in Germany, which assume that ex-partners should be economically ‘self-reliant’ after divorce. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-023-09756-4 VL - 42 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Konietzka, Dirk A1 - Lambert, Philippe A1 - Ramos, Vincent Jerald T1 - Second Birth Fertility in Germany: Social Class, Gender, and the Role of Economic Uncertainty JF - European Journal of Population N2 - Building on a thick strand of the literature on the determinants of higher-order births, this study uses a gender and class perspective to analyse second birth progression rates in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1990 to 2020, individuals are classified based on their occupation into: upper service, lower service, skilled manual/higher-grade routine nonmanual, and semi-/unskilled manual/lower-grade routine nonmanual classes. Results highlight the “economic advantage” of men and women in service classes who experience strongly elevated second birth rates. Finally, we demonstrate that upward career mobility post-first birth is associated with higher second birth rates, particularly among men. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09656-5 VL - 39 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaeffer, Doris A1 - Berens, Eva-Maria A1 - Vogt, Dominique A1 - Gille, Svea A1 - Griese, Lennert A1 - Klinger, Julia A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Gesundheitskompetenz in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Folgebefragung JF - Deutsches Ärzteblatt T2 - Health literacy in Germany—findings of a representative follow-up survey Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0310 N1 - This article is also available in English at: https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/221711 VL - 118 SP - 723 EP - 729 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rasche, Lucas T1 - The EU needs a new migration diplomacy N2 - The EU’s cooperation with third countries on migration disproportionally prioritises deterrence and return at the expense of other foreign policy objectives. Two reasons illustrate why this particularly problematic now. First, the EU relies on third countries to support its effort of further isolating the Russian regime for its war of aggression against Ukraine. And second, labour shortages require the EU to conclude partnerships with third countries on labour migration. The EU must hence revise its migration diplomacy. This requires shifting from a predominantly domestic agenda and short-term objectives to considering migration part of the EU’s wider geopolitical ambition and a better balance of priorities in cooperating with third countries. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/migration-diplomacy ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - The Green Deal agenda beyond Fit for 55: What the EU needs to tackle in 2023 N2 - The EU’s green agenda for 2023 is packed. Beyond finalising and implementing Fit for 55, the EU must react quickly to challenges that emerged recently and which put the climate objectives at risk. This policy position outlines four challenges that are particularly important, urgent and for which it remains unclear what the EU’s solution will look like: 1) Avoiding overcapacity of fossil fuel infrastructure; 2) Improving cross-border energy connections; 3) Reforming the electricity market; and 4) Keeping green technologies competitive in the EU. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/greendeal-agenda-beyond-fitfor55 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Ditching losers: Why the EU should end support for unviable hydrogen applications N2 - Green hydrogen has become a cornerstone of the EU's industrial policy and decarbonisation plans. The EU plans to spend billions in hydrogen subsidies and provide extensive legislative support. However, its current approach risks throwing good money after bad. Producing renewable hydrogen requires a lot of energy, which means hydrogen will always remain comparatively scarce and expensive. Consequently, many hydrogen applications do not make sense at scale, neither economically nor for the climate. Yet, the EU supports all hydrogen applications without sufficiently factoring in their prospects. This policy brief argues that the EU needs to start ditching losers. Hydrogen applications that are unlikely to be viable should not get public money. To enable the EU to filter out losers, the Commission needs to take a stronger guiding role and bolster its administrative capacities. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/ditching-losers ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mack, Sebastian T1 - The EU must not procrastinate on urgent audit market reforms N2 - After the Wirecard accounting scandal, the EU Commission promised to reform the rules for auditors. Now it must finally present them: The problems are clear and there are plenty of proposed solutions. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/urgent-audit-reforms ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rasche, Lucas T1 - The instrumentalisation of migration – how should the EU respond? N2 - The instrumentalisation of migration is back on the EU’s agenda. One year after Belarus instigated a migration crisis at its border with the EU, concerns emerge that Russia could instrumentalise a second exodus of Ukrainians to undermine the EU’s support to Kyiv. Member states’ recent failure to agree on the proposal for an Instrumentalisation Regulation should be an opportunity to revise the EU’s approach. In fact, the proposed Regulation would have done more harm than good. Two things need to happen for the EU to develop an effective response to the instrumentalisation of migration. First, the proposed Regulation should be amended to avoid the EU stepping into a “hypocrisy trap” by third countries seeking to expose the EU’s alleged double standards on fundamental rights. Second, the EU needs a revised migration diplomacy that addresses the structural factors facilitating the instrumentalisation of migration by third countries. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/the-instrumentalisation-of-migration ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bellato, Federica A1 - Coraglia, Benedetta A1 - Guerra, Carolina A1 - Semenzato, Allegra T1 - “This time I’ve voted”, but am I represented? Addressing the underrepresentation of young Europeans through the adoption of youth quotas N2 - “Young people are at the heart of our policymaking and political priorities. We vow to listen to them, and we want to work together to shape the future of the European Union”, stated European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen during the celebrations of the 2022 European Year of Youth. Nevertheless, young generations today are underrepresented in European institutions and their interests risk being sidelined. For this reason, we advocate the introduction of youth quotas in the European Parliament. These should take the form of legislated candidate quotas. Our aim is to increase the number of young adults elected to match more closely the share of under-35 in Europe. Only in this way can we ensure that the distinct concerns of younger generations are being adequately heard and discussed in the decision-making arena. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/youth-representation-european-parliament ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - Conclusion: The Future of the Liberal Order T2 - The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions KW - Sociology KW - Liberal Order Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.routledge.com/The-Future-of-the-Liberal-Order-The-Key-Questions/Anheier/p/book/9780367772307 SN - 9780367772307 SP - 265 EP - 278 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - The Future of the Liberal Order and the Great Questions of Our Time T2 - The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions KW - Sociology KW - Liberal Order Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.routledge.com/The-Future-of-the-Liberal-Order-The-Key-Questions/Anheier/p/book/9780367772307 SN - 9780367772307 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Filip, Alexandru ED - Anheier, Helmut K. T1 - How to Square the Circle Between Economic Globalization, Social Cohesion, and Liberal Democracy? T2 - The Future of the Liberal Order: The Key Questions KW - Sociology KW - Liberal Order Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.routledge.com/The-Future-of-the-Liberal-Order-The-Key-Questions/Anheier/p/book/9780367772307 SN - 9780367772307 SP - 21 EP - 44 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nguyen, Thu A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - An early Christmas Gift from Karlsruhe? The Bundesverfassungsgericht’s NextGenerationEU Ruling N2 - The 6 December ruling of the German Constitutional Court on the constitutional complaints against the EU’s recovery instrument NextGenerationEU seemed to come as an early Christmas gift from Karlsruhe. This time, the German court avoided the head-on collision with the EU. At the same time, the ruling raises crucial questions about the future of EU fiscal integration. While it is not as constraining as some might have feared, it does not give card blanche for a more permanent EU fiscal capacity. In this policy brief, Thu Nguyen and Martijn van den Brink analyse the judgment and its possible implications going forward. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/the-bundesverfassungsgerichts-nextgenerationeu-ruling ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nguyen, Thu T1 - The Hungary Files: Untangling the political and economic knots N2 - The battle over the rule of law in Hungary is coming to a head. Two separate but related rule of law procedures are currently on the Council’s agenda, with 7.5 billion Euros in cohesion funds and 5.8 billion Euros in grants from the EU recovery instrument on the line for Hungary. Both procedures are currently stuck in a political limbo as member states, faced once again with Hungarian vetoes, cannot agree on a common course of action. In this policy brief, Thu Nguyen untangles the two files and argues that the EU is in a strong negotiating position: The Hungarian government can, in the current economic climate, very ill-afford to lose the funds. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publication/the-hungary-files ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jäger, Philipp T1 - Transport Troubles: Why the EU must do more to be competitive with green hydrogen N2 - Renewable hydrogen is often depicted as the silver bullet for EU industry: manufacturers could use hydrogen to decarbonise production and rid themselves of their natural gas dependence. Since Europe cannot generate enough cheap hydrogen itself, the EU plans to import large volumes from world regions that have better wind and solar potential. However, transporting hydrogen over large distances will always be very expensive. Current EU policies do not factor this in sufficiently. Using a new interactive model of hydrogen transport costs, this policy brief discusses the various transport options and outlines EU policies to keep costs low. Hydrogen’s high transport costs also imply that some industries won’t be competitive in the EU in the long run, which should inform the design of public support packages for businesses in the current crisis. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/green-hydrogen-transport ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Cova, Joshua T1 - The EU directive on fair and adequate minimum wages: Low-pay work, collective bargaining and the prospects for income growth N2 - The EU directive on adequate minimum wages marks an important change from previous policies in the field of labour relations. It introduces two novelties. First, by laying the foundations for a common governance of minimum wage-setting mechanisms, the directive could lead to a rise in minimum wages. Second, it lays out guidelines intended to strengthen the role of social actors in wage bargaining. In doing so, the directive differs from previous approaches advocated by the Commission on the need for member states to boost income growth. While post-Euro crisis recommendations were mostly centered on reducing labour costs, this directive reflects a greater concern in policymaking circles for the social role which income growth can play. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/fair-and-adequate-minimum-wages ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nguyen, Thu T1 - European Political Community: From family photo to 'strategic intimacy' N2 - On 6 October 2022, the inaugural meeting of the new ‘European Political Community’ (EPC) took place in Prague. Moving from a vague idea, suggested in May by French President Macron, into a real-time meeting with more than 40 European leaders in just a matter of months was a success exceeding early expectations for the EPC. But this very success means that the EPC has been inaugurated before it acquired a clear purpose, agenda or framework. This policy brief traces the evolution of the EPC and illustrates possible models for its future shape to ensure that the EPC will be able to achieve more than just bringing together leaders for yet another photo-op. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/european-political-community ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van den Brink, Martijn T1 - Revising Citizenship within the European Union: Is a Genuine Link Requirement the Way Forward? JF - German Law Journal N2 - EU institutions have argued on several occasions that national and EU citizenship should not be awarded without any genuine link with the Member State concerned. Some scholars have adopted the same position, justifying their position referring to the genuine link requirement established by the International Court of Justice in Nottebohm. This has prompted criticism from legal scholars, who point out that Nottebohm was wrong as a matter of international law and moral principle. This paper shows that supporters and critics have failed to recognise that they have been talking with different conceptions of the genuine link requirement in mind. The question of whether to apply a genuine link requirement for the recognition of nationality is altogether different from the question of whether to apply a genuine link requirement for the acquisition of nationality. Nottebohm concerns the first; the arguments of EU institutions the second. The argument of EU institutions cannot therefore be dismissed by dismissing Nottebohm. I subsequently explore the normative arguments for predicating the boundaries of national membership on a genuine link requirement. There are weighty moral reasons for member states to condition the acquisition of national and EU citizenship on the presence of a genuine link. Finally, moving from the normative to the practical, I argue that such a requirement would have far-reaching consequences (targeting not just investor citizenship schemes) and cannot be enforced as a requirement under EU law. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2022.4 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 79 EP - 96 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lambert, Philippe A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela T1 - Exogenous time-varying covariates in double additive cure survival model with application to fertility N2 - Extended cure survival models enable to separate covariates that affect the probability of an event (or `long-term' survival) from those only affecting the event timing (or `short-term' survival). We propose to generalize the bounded cumulative hazard model to handle additive terms for time-varying (exogenous) covariates jointly impacting long- and short-term survival. The selection of the penalty parameters is a challenge in that framework. A fast algorithm based on Laplace approximations in Bayesian P-spline models is proposed. The methodology is motivated by fertility studies where women's characteristics such as the employment status and the income (to cite a few) can vary in a non-trivial and frequent way during the individual follow-up. The method is furthermore illustrated by drawing on register data from the German Pension Fund which enabled us to study how women's time-varying earnings relate to first birth transitions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.00331 PB - arXiv ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hundehege, Anna A1 - Hustedt, Thurid ED - Kolltveit, Kristoffer ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - On a Wild Goose Chase? The (Core) Executive in Germany T2 - Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times N2 - Searching for the centre of power in the German political system can be a cumbersome endeavour due to the strong separation of powers rooted in German history. Considering both formal and informal institutions, this chapter analyses the current state of the core executive in Germany at the end of the ‘era Merkel’. It outlines the German institutional setting with the role of the chancellor and the chancellery, defines main characteristics of politico-administrative relations and mechanisms of government coordination and discusses changes in the distribution of power related to recent developments of crisis management, Europeanisation and summitry, and personalisation and mediatisation. The analysis shows that the steering capacity of the German core executive is institutionally limited due to the strong coordination requirements stemming from administrative federalism, coalition governments and the strong departmental principle. Accordingly, the German core executive is no strong centre of power despite the international developments that have contributed to centralisation in many countries. The German core executive remains remarkably stable in formal terms and in international comparison despite some short-term power shifts in reaction to a changing environment. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_7 SP - 165 EP - 187 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brinde, Erik A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Houlberg Salomonsen, Heidi ED - Kolltveit, Kristoffer ED - Shaw, Richard T1 - The Swedish Executive: Centralising from Afar T2 - Core Executives in a Comparative Perspective. Governing in Complex Times N2 - With its constitutional separation of power between the executive and administration, over the years Sweden has frequently been held up as a shining example of modern state governance. However, recent decades of internationalising politics, EU membership and growing public-sector complexities have placed greater demands on the Swedish executive. In recent years, the established governance system has changed in several respects. First, the previously highly decentralised system has become more centralised and central-local relations remain tense. Second, at the central level, the government has sought to increase control through politicisation. Third, Swedish pandemic policy highlighted the promises and pitfalls of ‘Swedish dualism’. And fourth, government communication has become ever more mediatised. In consequence, the chapter concludes that what from the outside looks like an exemplar of meritocratic democracy is rather a tactically flexible realpolitik built on interpretive ambiguities in the constitution—providing the Swedish executive with much-needed responsiveness in times of significant change, but also the veil for greater centralisation and control from afar. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94503-9_9 SP - 211 EP - 233 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanello, Marina A1 - Di Napoli, Claudia A1 - Drummond, Paul A1 - Green, Carole A1 - Kennard, Harry A1 - Lampard, Pete A1 - Scamman, Daniel A1 - Arnell, Nigel A1 - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja A1 - Berrang Ford, Lea A1 - Belesova, Kristine A1 - Bowen, Kathryn A1 - Cai, Wenjia A1 - Callaghan, Max A1 - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid A1 - Chambers, Jonathan A1 - Daalen, Kim R van A1 - Dalin, Carole A1 - Dasandi, Niheer A1 - Dasgupta, Shouro A1 - Davies, Michael A1 - Dominguez-Salas, Paula A1 - Dubrow, Robert A1 - Ebi, Kristie L A1 - Eckelman, Matthew A1 - Ekins, Paul A1 - Escobar, Luis E A1 - Georgeson, Lucien A1 - Graham, Hilary A1 - Gunther, Samuel H A1 - Hamilton, Ian A1 - Hang, Yun A1 - Hänninen, Risto A1 - Hartinger, Stella A1 - He, Kehan A1 - Hess, Jeremy J A1 - Hsu, Shih-Che A1 - Jankin, Slava A1 - Jamart, Louis A1 - Jay, Ollie A1 - Kelman, Ilan A1 - Kiesewetter, Gregor A1 - Kinney, Patrick A1 - Kjellstrom, Tord A1 - Kniveton, Dominic A1 - Lee, Jason K W A1 - Lemke, Bruno A1 - Liu, Zhao A1 - Lott, Melissa A1 - Lotto Batista, Martin A1 - Lowe, Rachel A1 - MacGuire, Frances A1 - Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo A1 - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime A1 - Maslin, Mark A1 - McAllister, Lucy A1 - McGushin, Alice A1 - McMichael, Celia A1 - Mi, Zhifu A1 - Milner, James A1 - Minor, Kelton A1 - Minx, Jan C A1 - Mohajeri, Nahid A1 - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar A1 - Morrissey, Karyn A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Murray, Kris A A1 - Neville, Tara A1 - Nilsson, Maria A1 - Obradovich, Nick A1 - O'Hare, Megan B A1 - Oreszczyn, Tadj A1 - Otto, Matthias A1 - Owfi, Fereidoon A1 - Pearman, Olivia A1 - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz A1 - Robinson, Elizabeth J Z A1 - Rocklöv, Joacim A1 - Salas, Renee N A1 - Semenza, Jan C A1 - Sherman, Jodi D A1 - Shi, Liuhua A1 - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy A1 - Silbert, Grant A1 - Sofiev, Mikhail A1 - Springmann, Marco A1 - Stowell, Jennifer A1 - Tabatabaei, Meisam A1 - Taylor, Jonathon A1 - Triñanes, Joaquin A1 - Wagner, Fabian A1 - Wilkinson, Paul A1 - Winning, Matthew A1 - Yglesias-González, Marisol A1 - Zhang, Shihui A1 - Gong, Peng A1 - Montgomery, Hugh A1 - Costello, Anthony T1 - The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels JF - The Lancet Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9 VL - 400 IS - 10363 SP - 1619 EP - 1654 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Palaric, Enora T1 - A shift towards collaboration? Evidence from national digitalisation strategies JF - dms – der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management N2 - This paper seeks to better understand the paradigm shift towards ‘networked governance’ in digitalisation discourse. Little is known about the link between digitalisation reforms and the main reform paradigms in public management studies. By analysing French and German national digitalisation strategies over time, we find that neo-Weberian, new public management, and networked governance discourses co-exist within the digital era, although networked governance rhetoric is increasingly influential. However, a closer examination reveals that this shift in discourse is unrelated to the increased integration of nonstate actors in actual decision-making and service delivery. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.vXiX.273808 VL - 16 IS - 1-2023 SP - 1 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaeffer, Doris A1 - Gille, Svea A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Der Nationale Aktionsplan Gesundheitskompetenz geht in die zweite Phase der Umsetzung T2 - Gesundheitswesen N2 - In Deutschland existiert seit gut 2 Jahren ein Nationaler Aktionsplan (NAP) zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung [1]. Er ist in kurzer Zeit zu einem viel zitierten Referenzwerk für Theorie und Praxis geworden. Der Plan mit 15 detailliert ausgearbeiteten Empfehlungen wurde anders als in anderen Ländern nicht von einer von der Regierung eingesetzten Kommission erarbeitet, sondern von einer zivilgesellschaftlichen Initiative: einem Expertenkreis von Wissenschaftlern unterschiedlicher Disziplinen, einigen Vertretern der Praxis und einigen Repräsentanten der Politik. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1288-6968 VL - 82 IS - 11 SP - 818 EP - 820 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaeffer, Doris A1 - Gille, Svea A1 - Berens, Eva-Maria A1 - Griese, Lennert A1 - Klinger, Julia A1 - Vogt, Dominique A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland Ergebnisse des HLS-GER 2 JF - Gesundheitswesen N2 - Ziel Durch die Digitalisierung gewinnen digitale Informationen zum Thema Gesundheit zunehmend an Bedeutung. Neben vielfältigen Chancen bringt diese Entwicklung auch Herausforderungen mit sich, denn mit dem wachsenden Angebot steigt zugleich der Bedarf an digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz (DGK). Im nachfolgenden Beitrag werden das Ausmaß der DGK in der Bevölkerung in Deutschland, zentrale Determinanten der DGK und Folgen für die Nutzung digitaler gesundheitsbezogener Informationsangebote analysiert. Methodik Die Analyse basiert auf Daten des zweiten Health Literacy Survey Germany (HLS-GER 2), bestehend aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe mit n=2151. Die Erfassung der DGK, der Determinanten sowie der Nutzung digitaler gesundheitsbezogener Informationsangebote erfolgte mit einem im Rahmen der internationalen Vergleichsstudie HLS19 erarbeiteten Fragebogens. Es wurden bivariate und multivariate Analysen durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Insgesamt verfügen 75,8% der Bevölkerung über eine geringe DGK. Vor allem geringe literale Fähigkeiten, ein höheres Alter, eine niedrige Bildung sowie ein niedriger Sozialstatus gehen mit einer geringen DGK einher. Die multivariate Analyse weist zudem auf einen starken Zusammenhang zwischen DGK und allgemeiner Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) hin. Geringe DGK ist folgenreich und führt zu einer geringeren Nutzung digitaler gesundheitsbezogener Informationsangebote. Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit der Förderung von DGK der Bevölkerung und besonders von Gruppen mit geringer DGK. Entsprechende Bemühungen sollten die allgemeine GK einbeziehen, denn sie steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der DGK. Auch um die noch geringe Nutzung digitaler Informationsangebote in Deutschland zu erhöhen und generell, um der zunehmenden Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens zu entsprechen, stellt die Stärkung der DGK eine gesellschaftlich wichtige Aufgabe dar. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1670-7636 VL - 84 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaeffer, Doris A1 - Klinger, Julia A1 - Berens, Eva-Maria A1 - Gille, Svea A1 - Griese, Lennert A1 - Vogt, Dominique A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Gesundheitskompetenz in Deutschland vor und während der Corona-Pandemie JF - Gesundheitswesen N2 - Ziel Im Mittelpunkt des Artikels stehen neue Befunde zur Gesundheitskompetenz (GK), die einen Vergleich der GK der Bevölkerung in Deutschland vor dem Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie und während ihres Anhaltens ermöglichen. Verglichen werden die allgemeine und die digitale GK. Daneben werden Veränderungen der GK in unterschiedlichen Bevölkerungsgruppen untersucht. Methodik Die Analysen basieren auf bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Querschnittsdaten, die 2019/2020 vor und 2020 während der Pandemie erhoben wurden. Dabei kam ein international weiterentwickelter und abgestimmter Fragebogen (HLS19) zur Messung der GK zum Einsatz, in dem erstmals in diesem Kontext auch die digitale GK in Deutschland erhoben wurde. Verände-rungen in den Gruppen wurden bivariat analysiert. Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die GK der Bevölkerung in Deutschland während der Pandemie gegenüber der Zeit davor tendenziell verbessert hat. Dieser Effekt ist besonders bei der Beurteilung von Gesundheitsinformationen und der digitalen GK zu sehen. Er ist bei Frauen, Menschen mit niedriger und mittlerer Bildung, jüngeren Bevölkerungsgruppen und Personen mit eigener Migrationserfahrung besonders stark ausgeprägt. Bei älteren Personen ist keine Veränderung zu verzeichnen und bei Personen mit mehreren chronischen Erkrankungen weisen die Ergebnisse sogar auf eine Verschlechterung hin. Schlussfolgerung Die systematische Auseinandersetzung mit den klar strukturierten, häufig wiederholten Gesundheitsinformationen während der Corona-Pandemie hat in Deutschland offenbar dazu geführt, dass sich die Gesundheitskompetenz verbessert hat und der Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen subjektiv als weniger schwierig eingeschätzt wird. Vor allem die Kompetenz zum Umgang mit digitalen Informationen ist gestiegen. Dabei gibt es teils große Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Bevölkerungsgruppen. T2 - Health Literacy in Germany before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1560-2479 VL - 83 IS - 10 SP - 781 EP - 788 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Martínez Barranco Kukutschka, Roberto ED - Anheier, Helmut K. ED - Haber, Matthias ED - Kayser, Mark A. T1 - Can a civilisation know its own institutional decline? A tale of indicators. T2 - Governance Indicators: Approaches, Progress, Promise Y1 - 2018 SN - 9780198817062 SP - 71 EP - 99 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gigerenzer, Gerd A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Jonitz, Günther A1 - Schaeffer, Doris T1 - Deutschland braucht eine Agentur für Gesundheitskommunikation T2 - Gesundheitswesen N2 - Die vierte Corona-Welle hat Deutschland wie ein Tsunami erfasst, in der Bevölkerung wachsen Angst und Ratlosigkeit. Der Bedarf an vertrauenswürdiger und gut gesicherter Information über die aktuellen Gesundheitsrisiken ist groß, der Wunsch nach praktischen Empfehlungen für das eigene Verhalten hoch. Seit Beginn der Pandemie aber es gibt keine landesweit abgestimmte, fachlich fundierte und sorgfältig choreografierte Informationsstrategie von Bund und Ländern. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1710-6540 VL - 84 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khanna, Tarun T1 - Using agricultural demand for reducing costs of renewable energy integration in India JF - Energy N2 - While demand response is recognized as a useful tool for integrating renewable electricity, the related literature in developing countries has been limited. Meanwhile, the literature on demand side management (DSM) has ignored the value of agricultural demand as a demand side resource for integration of renewable energy. This article fills the gap by collecting agricultural load data from two distribution utilities in the Indian state of Gujarat and using it in a mixed-integer linear programming model to estimate the flexibility provided by agricultural DSM to the power system. Using a flexible load representation, the model chooses the optimal periods for agricultural supply subject to the constraints of meeting the irrigation needs of farmers and the marginal cost of electricity. This analysis shows that management of agricultural demand already reduces system costs by 4% or USD 6.09 per MWh of agricultural consumption. Going forward, with high shares of solar generation, shifting agricultural demand to daytime hours increases system flexibility. It reduces renewables curtailment by 4–7%, limits cycling costs of coal power plants, and reduces system integration costs by 22%. Agricultural DSM could be a cost-effective flexibility option in developing countries where only the least-cost options are economically viable. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124385 VL - 254 IS - Part C ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eicke, Laima A1 - Eicke, Anselm A1 - Hafner, Manfred ED - Hafner, Manfred ED - Luciani, Giacomo T1 - Solar Power Generation T2 - The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics N2 - Solar energy supplies increasing shares of global energy demand. As a renewable source of energy, it will play a major role in decarbonizing electricity supply. This chapter provides an overview on the solar sector from an economic perspective. It describes the technical characteristics of photovoltaic and concentrated solar power and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of solar energy. The authors highlight trends in the solar sector and elaborate on how this intermittent source of energy can be integrated into a power system. They conclude with a discussion on how renewable energy support schemes can be designed to foster the deployment of solar power by accounting for the specific characteristics of solar power. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_9 SP - 157 EP - 169 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Ullrich A1 - Dierks, Marie-Luise A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Kickbusch, Ilona A1 - Melin, Susanne A1 - Orkan, Okan A1 - Pelikan, Jürgen A1 - Schaeffer, Doris A1 - Schmidt-Kaehler, Sebastian A1 - Sørensen, Kristine T1 - Deutschland braucht mehr Gesundheitskompetenz JF - Gesundheitswesen Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1801-6880 VL - 2022 IS - 84 SP - 415 EP - 418 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Erhart, Michael A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Reiß, Franziska A1 - Napp, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Simon, Anja M. A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hölling, Heike A1 - Wieler, Lothar H A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike T1 - Zwei Jahre Pandemie: Die psychische Gesundheit und Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen – Ergebnisse der COPSY-Längsschnittstudie JF - Deutsches Ärzteblatt T2 - Two years of pandemic: the mental health and quality of life of children and adolescents—findings of the COPSY longitudinal study Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0001 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Löffler, Constanze A1 - Reiß, Franziska A1 - Napp, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Gilbert, Martha A1 - Naderi, Hila A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hölling, Heike A1 - Erhart, Michael T1 - Seelische Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Eltern während der COVID-19-Pandemie. Ergebnisse der COPSY-Längsschnittstudie T2 - Deutsches Ärzteblatt T2 - The mental health and health-related behavior of children and parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings of the longitudinal COPSY study Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0173 IS - 7 SP - 326 EP - 327 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - The Post-Truth about Corruption in the European Union T2 - Verfassungsblog Y1 - 2022 UR - https://verfassungsblog.de/the-post-truth-about-corruption-in-the-european-union/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.17176/20221220-121732-0 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Corruption risk in Albanian public procurement (2017 – 2019) Y1 - 2021 UR - http://ais.al/new/en/corruption-risk-in-albania-public-procurement-2017-2019-a-document-prepared-by-heritie-school-of-governance-and-the-albanian-institute-of-sciences-ais-may-2021/ ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Five Lessons on International Rule of Law Support T2 - Carnegie Europe N2 - The promotion of the rule of law across borders should be implemented based on clear and objective standards, and distinguished from state-building exercises. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://carnegieeurope.eu/2022/09/06/five-lessons-on-international-rule-of-law-support-pub-87737 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Challenges and innovations to the rule of law measurement T2 - LIEPP Working Paper N2 - While the process of digitalization offers new opportunities, politics gets in the way of the already notoriously difficult to measure rule of law. This paper briefly presents the challenges to rule of law measurement and argues that sound measurement is possible only if the measure is narrowed down, or its components are separately examined. It then offers two innovations of such separate measurements on transparency and national integrity at national level developed by the European Research Center for Anticorruption and State-building (ERCAS) in Berlin. Finally, the paper argues that the governance context greatly impacts the quality of data used in public policy evaluation and should be used as controls. For instance, higher transparency predicts higher COVID 19 fatality rates at national level with all relevant controls, while higher corruption predicts more excess deaths, using the new indicators. This shows that the data on COVID 19 fatalities outside the democratic developed countries is likely to be seriously flawed and that it is worth investing in facts and not perceptions when measuring governance. The working paper pleads for the use of directly observable digital tools to move to a generation of more transparent and specific governance indicators, able to provide the evidence needed in public policy evaluation. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/LIEPP-WORKING-PAPER/hal-03832925v1 VL - 137 SP - 2 EP - 26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina A1 - Toth, Bence T1 - Inside the Europeanization black box: the evolution of corruption risk in Albania’s public procurement JF - Journal of Contemporary European Studies N2 - The Western Balkans EU candidate countries face rule of law challenges far more serious than Hungary or Poland did at the time of their accessions in 2004. Despite extensive EU conditionality and support, with 16% of EU pre-structural funds dedicated between 2014 and 2020 to rule of law projects, governance indicators show no substantial change. The European Court of Auditors (ECA) also found little impact in advancing the rule of law in the candidate countries in the Western Balkans. The European Commission, however, does report signs of progress. By drawing on public procurement data from the two sectors concentrating most public expenditure, namely health and construction, between the years 2017 and 2019, this paper solves the dilemma of how allegedly successful reforms can happen without much impact. By directly measuring government favouritism in procurement, before and after EU-driven reforms, the paper finds that evolution has so far been limited despite proving the effect of certain interventions. The paradox is explained by providing evidence of versatile behaviour by the main rent owners and the increasing discretionary power of Albania’s governing party. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2022.2106955 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke T1 - Round Table. Mission impossible? How to increase collective bargaining coverage in Germany and the EU JF - Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221149513 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Özkiziltan, Didem T1 - Governing the work-related risks of AI: implications for the German government and trade unions JF - Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research N2 - This article discusses the risks that artificial intelligence (AI) poses for work. It classifies risks into two types, direct and indirect. Direct risks are AI-induced forms of discrimination, surveillance and information asymmetries at work. Indirect risks are enhanced workplace automation and the increasing ‘fissurisation’ of work. Direct and indirect risks are illustrated using the example of the transport and logistics sector. We discuss policy responses to both types of risk in the context of the German economy and argue that the policy solutions need to differ according to the type of risk. Direct risks can be addressed by European and national regulation against discrimination, surveillance and information asymmetries. As for indirect risks, the first step is to monitor the risks so as to gain an understanding of sector-specific transformations and establish relevant expertise and competence. This way of addressing AI-induced risks at work will help to improve the prospects of decent work, fair remuneration and adequate social protection for all. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221147228 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassel, Anke A1 - Palier, Bruno T1 - Same Trend, Different Paths: Growth and Welfare Regimes Across Time and Space JF - Annual Review of Political Science N2 - The article reviews the recent advances in comparative political economy. It reconnects knowledge on growth regimes and welfare regimes by analyzing how growth and welfare regimes covary over both time and space. It underlines the fact that governments pursue different growth strategies to adjust to new economic environments, focusing in particular on welfare state reforms. Synthesizing the literature, we propose a definition of growth and welfare regimes that integrates different engines of growth as a way to track general trends in the evolution of capitalism. We analyze the main trends of three eras of capitalism: Fordism, neoliberal financialization, and the digitalized knowledge-based economy. We trace the various paths of change by identifying the five growth strategies governments have pursued to adapt their growth and welfare regimes to the new capitalist era. The result is not a typology of fixed types of capitalist models but a dynamic process of adjustment. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 26 is June 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051921-103030 VL - 26 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Klinger, Julia A1 - Schaeffer, Doris T1 - Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland im Zeitvergleich der Jahre 2014 und 2020 JF - Gesundheitswesen N2 - Ziel In dem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse von zwei Erhebungen der Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) der Bevölkerung in Deutschland im Zeitvergleich analysiert. Die erste Erhebung erfolgte 2014, die zweite 2020. Untersucht werden die Veränderungen der GK, gemessen über den Grad der subjektiv eingeschätzten Schwierigkeiten bei einzelnen Informationsaufgaben in den drei Bereichen Krankheitsbewältigung/Versorgung, Prävention, Gesundheitsförderung, in der Gesamtbevölkerung und in einzelnen Teilgruppen. Methodik Die Analysen basieren auf bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Querschnittsdaten, die 2014 im HLS-GER 1 und 2020 im HLS-GER 1‘ erhoben wurden. Dabei kam das international abgestimmte Instrument HLS-EU-Q47 zur Messung der GK zum Einsatz. Veränderungen in den Bevölkerungsgruppen wurden in einer Trendanalyse sowohl uni- und bivariat als auch multivariat analysiert. Ergebnisse Die GK der Bevölkerung in Deutschland hat sich im Zeitvergleich innerhalb von sechs Jahren statistisch signifikant verschlechtert. Dies lässt sich in allen drei untersuchten Handlungsbereichen beobachten. Der Effekt zeigt sich besonders bei Menschen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus und finanzieller Deprivation. Schlussfolgerung Im Zeitverlauf ist der Umgang mit gesundheits- und krankheitsbezogenen Informationen schwieriger geworden. Diese Entwicklung ist besonders stark bei sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppen zu beobachten, was die soziale Ungleichheit im Gesundheitsbereich verstärkt. Die Förderung der GK ist – wie diese und andere Studien zeigen – gesellschaftlich wichtiger denn je und sollte den genannten Bevölkerungsgruppen besondere Beachtung schenken. T2 - Comparison of Health Literacy of the Population in Germany between 2014 and 2020 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1709-1011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaeffer, Doris A1 - Gille, Svea A1 - Vogt, Dominique A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - National Action Plan Health Literacy in Germany origin, development and structure JF - Journal of Public Health N2 - Aim Health literacy has gained increasing importance worldwide. As a result of several studies indicating low health literacy levels in large parts of the population, strategies and action plans promoting health literacy were developed in many countries. The article analyses the origin, development and structure of the German Health Literacy Action Plan. Subject and methods In 2016, a civil society initiative was formed, aiming at developing a national action plan in an expert-based and collaborative manner. A group of 15 experts elaborated the core elements of the action plan, based on a literature review on existing health literacy approaches, action plans and empirical evidence. These core elements were further developed collaboratively in workshops with key stakeholders, self-help and patient organizations and individual consultation meetings. Afterwards, the National Action Plan was reviewed and previously formulated recommendations were refined before being published. Results and conclusion The National Action Plan Health Literacy in Germany presents 15 recommendations in four areas of action for promoting health literacy in Germany. This bottom-up strategy and the expert-based yet at the same time collaborative approach have proved to be successful when developing a national action plan. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01616-9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Okan, Orkan A1 - Bollweg, Torsten Michael A1 - Berens, Eva-Maria A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Bauer, Ullrich A1 - Schaeffer, Doris T1 - Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adults during the COVID-19 Infodemic in Germany JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - There is an “infodemic” associated with the COVID-19 pandemic—an overabundance of valid and invalid information. Health literacy is the ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information, making it crucial for navigating coronavirus and COVID-19 information environments. A cross-sectional representative study of participants ≥ 16 years in Germany was conducted using an online survey. A coronavirus-related health literacy measure was developed (HLS-COVID-Q22). Internal consistency was very high (α = 0.940; ρ = 0.891) and construct validity suggests a sufficient model fit, making HLS-COVID-Q22 a feasible tool for assessing coronavirus-related health literacy in population surveys. While 49.9% of our sample had sufficient levels of coronavirus-related health literacy, 50.1% had “problematic” (15.2%) or “inadequate” (34.9%) levels. Although the overall level of health literacy is high, a vast number of participants report difficulties dealing with coronavirus and COVID-19 information. The participants felt well informed about coronavirus, but 47.8% reported having difficulties judging whether they could trust media information on COVID-19. Confusion about coronavirus information was significantly higher among those who had lower health literacy. This calls for targeted public information campaigns and promotion of population-based health literacy for better navigation of information environments during the infodemic, identification of disinformation, and decision-making based on reliable and trustworthy information. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155503 VL - 17 IS - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Otto, Christiane A1 - Adedeji, Adekunle A1 - Napp, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Becker, Marcia A1 - Blanck-Stellmacher, Ulrike A1 - Löffler, Constanze A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hölling, Heike A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Erhart, Michael A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Seelische Gesundheit und psychische Belastungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse der COPSY-Studie JF - Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03291-3 VL - 64 SP - 1512 EP - 1521 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ravens‑Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Erhart, Michael A1 - Otto, Christiane A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Löffler, Constanze A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Bullinger, Monika A1 - Barkmann, Claus A1 - Siegel, Nico A. A1 - Simon, Anja M. A1 - Wieler, Lothar H. A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hölling, Heike T1 - Quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents during the first year of the COVID‑19 pandemic: results of a two‑wave nationwide population‑based study JF - European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry N2 - Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of children and adolescents worldwide. The German COPSY study is among the first population-based longitudinal studies to examine the mental health impact of the pandemic. The objective of the study was to assess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health in children and adolescents and to identify the associated risk and resource factors during the pandemic. Methods A nationwide longitudinal survey was conducted with two waves during the pandemic (May/June 2020 and December 2020/January 2021). In total, n = 1923 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years and their parents participated (retention rate from wave 1 to wave 2: 85%). The self-report and parent-proxy surveys assessed HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ with the subscales emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2) and psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL). Mixed model panel regression analyses were conducted to examine longitudinal changes in mental health and to identify risk and resource factors. Results The HRQoL of children and adolescents decreased during the pandemic, and emotional problems, peer-related mental health problems, anxiety, depressive and psychosomatic symptoms increased over time, however the change in global mental health problems from wave 1 to wave 2 was not significant, and some changes were negligible. Socially disadvantaged children and children of mentally burdened parents were at particular risk of impaired mental health, while female gender and older age were associated with fewer mental health problems. A positive family climate and social support supported the mental health of children and adolescents during the pandemic. Discussion Health promotion, prevention and intervention strategies could support children and adolescents in coping with the pandemic and protect and maintain their mental health Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01889-1 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Kaman, Anne A1 - Otto, Christiane A1 - Adedeji, Adekunle A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Erhart, Michael A1 - Napp, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Becker, Marcia A1 - Blanck-Stellmacher, Ulrike A1 - Löffler, Constanze A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus T1 - Mental Health and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Results of the Copsy Study T2 - Deutsches Ärzteblatt International T2 - Psychische Gesundheit und Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen während der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse der COPSY-Studie Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0828 VL - 117 SP - 828 EP - 829 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike A1 - Erhart, Michael A1 - Devine, Janine A1 - Gilbert, Martha A1 - Reiss, Franziska A1 - Barkmann, Claus A1 - Siegel, Nico A. A1 - Simon, Anja M. A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Schlack, Robert A1 - Hölling, Heike A1 - Wieler, Lothar H. A1 - Kaman, Anne T1 - Child and Adolescent Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the Three-Wave Longitudinal COPSY Study JF - Journal of Adolescent Health N2 - Purpose The German population-based longitudinal COVID-19 and Psychological Health study monitors changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies vulnerable groups. Methods A nationwide, population-based survey was conducted in May 2020 to June 2020 (Wave 1), December 2020 to January 2021 (Wave 2), and September 2021 to October 2021 (Wave 3). In total, n = 2,097 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years were investigated using measures to assess HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms(PHQ-2), and psychosomatic complaints(HBSC-SCL). Results The prevalence of low HRQoL increased from 15% prepandemic to 40% and 48% in Waves 1 and 2 and improved slightly to 35% in Wave 3 (all differences significant). Similarly, overall mental health problems increased from 18% prepandemic to 29% in Wave 1 and 31% in Wave 2 to 28% in Wave 3 (all differences significant, except Wave 3 vs. 2), anxiety increased from 15% prepandemic to 24% and 30% in Waves 1 and 2 and was still 27% in Wave 3. Depressive symptoms increased from 10% prepandemic to 11% and 15% in Waves 1 and 2 and were 11% in Wave 3. A group with low parental education, restricted living conditions, migration background, and parental mental health problems was at significantly increased risk of HRQoL and mental health impairments. Discussion The prevalence of low HRQoL, mental health problems, and anxiety has been elevated throughout the pandemic. Thus, mental health promotion, prevention, and intervention strategies need to be implemented to support adolescents–particularly those at risk. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.06.022 VL - 71 IS - 5 SP - 570 EP - 578 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Okan, Orkan A1 - Bollweg, Torsten Michael A1 - Bauer, Ullrich A1 - Hurrelmann, Klaus A1 - Schaeffer, Doris T1 - Coronaspezifische Gesundheitskompetenz zu drei Messzeitpunkten JF - Public Health Forum N2 - Die coronaspezifische Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland lag im Jahr 2020 zwischen 34,8% und 50,1%, wobei sie sich im Jahresverlauf signifikant verbessert hatte. Einem großen Teil der Bevölkerung fällt es nicht immer leicht, mit Gesundheitsinformationen zu Covid-19 umzugehen, so wie es die hier beschriebene HLS-Covid-19 Studie zur coronaspezifischen Gesundheitskompetenz aufzeigt. Die größte Herausforderung stellt das Beurteilen von Informationen dar. Die Ergebnisse deuten zudem auf einen sozialen Gradienten für niedrige coronaspezifische Gesundheitskompetenz hin. T2 - Corona-specific health literacy at three measurement points KW - coronaspezifische Gesundheitskompetenz; Covid-19; Gesundheitskompetenz; HLS-Covid-Q22; Trendstudie Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-2022-0031 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 131 EP - 134 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Cavotta, Valeria ED - Kudłak, Robert ED - Barkemeyer, Ralf ED - Preuss, Lutz ED - Heikkinen, Anna T1 - Towards a Relational Understanding of the Impact of Organisational Pro-Social Activities T2 - The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Y1 - 2022 SN - 9781003182276 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003182276 PB - Routledge CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaack, Lynn A1 - Donti, Priya L. A1 - Strubell, Emma A1 - Kamiya, George A1 - Creutzig, Felix A1 - Rolnick, David T1 - Aligning artificial intelligence with climate change mitigation JF - Nature Climate Change N2 - There is great interest in how the growth of artificial intelligence and machine learning may affect global GHG emissions. However, such emissions impacts remain uncertain, owing in part to the diverse mechanisms through which they occur, posing difficulties for measurement and forecasting. Here we introduce a systematic framework for describing the effects of machine learning (ML) on GHG emissions, encompassing three categories: computing-related impacts, immediate impacts of applying ML and system-level impacts. Using this framework, we identify priorities for impact assessment and scenario analysis, and suggest policy levers for better understanding and shaping the effects of ML on climate change mitigation. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01377-7 VL - 12 SP - 518 EP - 527 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Graf, Lukas A1 - Rohde-Liebenau, Judith T1 - Two instruments, one melody: The parallel evolvement of European and German alliances for apprenticeships JF - European Educational Research Journal Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/14749041221148282 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian A1 - Barberá, Pablo A1 - Guess, Andrew M. A1 - Yang, JungHwan T1 - Who’s cheating on your survey? A detection approach with digital trace data JF - Political Science Research and Methods N2 - In this note, we provide direct evidence of cheating in online assessments of political knowledge. We combine survey responses with web tracking data of a German and a US online panel to assess whether people turn to external sources for answers. We observe item-level prevalence rates of cheating that range from 0 to 12 percent depending on question type and difficulty, and find that 23 percent of respondents engage in cheating at least once across waves. In the US panel, which employed a commitment pledge, we observe cheating behavior among less than 1 percent of respondents. We find robust respondent- and item-level characteristics associated with cheating. However, item-level instances of cheating are rare events; as such, they are difficult to predict and correct for without tracking data. Even so, our analyses comparing naive and cheating-corrected measures of political knowledge provide evidence that cheating does not substantially distort inferences. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2022.42 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Counting the Dead Transparently N2 - The new transparency index (T-index) shows that the official pandemic fatality figure is deeply flawed in many countries, starting with Russia. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.againstcorruption.eu/articles/counting-the-dead-transparently/ PB - European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building (ERCAS) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina T1 - Transparency and corruption: Measuring real transparency by a new index JF - Regulation & Governance N2 - Despite the salience of transparency in policy and democracy debates a global measurement of transparency has always been missing. In its absence, measuring the impact of transparency on accountability and corruption for a large number of countries has been difficult, with scholars using more or less adequate proxies. This paper introduces a new measurement of real transparency—the T-index—using 14 de facto components, based on direct observations of official websites in 129 countries and five de jure components, based on the transparency laws and conventions adopted. The resulting index is a measurement with very good internal and external validity and moderate precision. The paper argues that de facto transparency must be considered alongside de jure (legal) transparency if we are to judge the impact (or lack of) transparency against accountability and corruption, as a large implementation gap exists, in particular in poor countries, between legal commitments and real transparency. The T-index has significant impact on both perception and objective indicators of corruption, including perceived change in corruption over time as measured by the Global Corruption Barometer. An analysis of outliers shows that high transparency alone is not sufficient to achieve control of corruption, especially in countries with low human development and poor rule of law, although transparency is a robust predictor of corruption with GDP controls. The data with all sources is available for download as T-index 2022 dataset: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7225627 and an interactive webpage developed for updates is available at www.corruptionrisk.org/transparency. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12502 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Ramirez-Ruiz, Sebastian A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. A1 - Lowe, Will T1 - Prioritization preferences for COVID-19 vaccination are consistent across five countries JF - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications N2 - Vaccination against COVID-19 is making progress globally, but vaccine doses remain a rare commodity in many parts of the world. New virus variants require vaccines to be updated, hampering the availability of effective vaccines. Policymakers have defined criteria to regulate who gets priority access to the vaccination, such as age, health complications, or those who hold system-relevant jobs. But how does the public think about vaccine allocation? To explore those preferences, we surveyed respondents in Brazil, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United States from September to December of 2020 using ranking and forced-choice tasks. We find that public preferences are consistent with expert guidelines prioritizing health-care workers and people with medical preconditions. However, the public also considers those signing up early for vaccination and citizens of the country to be more deserving than later-comers and non-citizens. These results hold across measures, countries, and socio-demographic subgroups. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01392-1 VL - 9 IS - 439 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helbling, Marc A1 - Maxwell, Rahsaan A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Traunmüller, Richard T1 - The importance of citizenship for deserving COVID-19 treatment JF - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications N2 - Immigrant non-citizens are often considered less deserving than citizens of welfare and other public services. The logic is that valuable and scarce public resources must be limited somehow, and the club of citizens is one way of drawing a boundary. In this paper, we examine how far that boundary extends, by analyzing the extent to which Germans prioritize citizens over non-citizens for access to life-saving healthcare. We implement a conjoint experiment to elicit preferences in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected between April 2020 and March 2021, in 23 waves of an online rolling crosssectional survey with roughly 17,000 respondents. Our main finding is that citizens are viewed as more deserving of healthcare than non-citizen immigrants, a relationship that is sizeable and robust. Our findings have implications for debates about social boundaries and how to allocate resources in Western Europe. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01311-4 VL - 9 IS - 302 ER - TY - JFULL ED - Stockmann, Daniela ED - Bennett, Lance T1 - Special Issue on Tech Companies and Public Interest T2 - Information, Communication & Society Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rics20/26/1 VL - 26 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bryson, Joanna T1 - One Day, AI Will Seem as Human as Anyone. What Then? JF - Wired Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.wired.com/story/lamda-sentience-psychology-ethics-policy/ ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eicke, Anselm A1 - Eicke, Laima A1 - Hafner, Manfred ED - Hafner, Manfred ED - Luciani, Giacomo T1 - Wind Power Generation T2 - The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics N2 - Wind power plays a major role in the decarbonization of the power sector. Already now, it supplies increasing shares of the global energy demand. This book chapter provides an overview on the economics of wind energy and highlight global trends in the wind sector. It describes the technical characteristics of onshore and offshore wind energy and explains how these affect the economic competitiveness of the respective technologies. The authors describe how wind power, as an intermittent source of energy, can be integrated into power systems. They also discuss how renewable energy support schemes contribute in fostering the deployment of wind power. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_10 SP - 171 EP - 182 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sgarlato, Raffaele A1 - Ziel, Florian T1 - The Role of Weather Predictions in Electricity Price Forecasting Beyond the Day-Ahead Horizon JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Systems N2 - Forecasts of meteorology-driven factors, such as intermittent renewable generation, are commonly included in electricity price forecasting models. We show that meteorological forecasts can be used directly to improve price forecasts multiple days in advance. We introduce an autoregressive multivariate linear model with exogenous variables and LASSO for variable selection and regularization. We used variants of this model to forecast German wholesale prices up to ten days in advance and evaluate the benefit of adding meteorological forecasts, namely wind speed and direction, solar irradiation, cloud cover, and temperature forecasts of selected locations across Europe. The resulting regression coefficients are analyzed with regard to their spatial as well as temporal distribution and are put in context with underlying power market fundamentals. Wind speed in northern Germany emerges as a particularly strong explanatory variable. The benefit of adding meteorological forecasts strongest when autoregressive effects are weak, yet the accuracy of the meteorological forecasts is sufficient for the model to identify patterns. Forecasts produced 2-4 days in advance exhibit an improvement in RMSE by 10-20%. Furthermore, the forecasting horizon is shown to impact the choice of the regularization penalty that tends to increase at longer forecasting horizons. KW - Centre for Sustainability Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3180119 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Shah, Syed Attique A1 - Yahia, Sadok Ben A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Jamil, Akhtar A1 - Draheim, Dirk T1 - Twitter Streaming Data Analytics for Disaster Alerts T2 - 2021 2nd International Informatics and Software Engineering Conference (IISEC) N2 - In today's world, disasters, both natural and manmade, are becoming increasingly frequent, and new solutions are of a compelling need to provide and disseminate information about these disasters to the public and concerned authorities in an effective and efficient manner. One of the most frequently used ways for information dissemination today is through social media, and when it comes to real-time information, Twitter is often the channel of choice. Thus, this paper discusses how Big Data Analytics (BDA) can take advantage of information streaming from Twitter to generate alerts and provide information in real-time on ongoing disasters. The paper proposes TAGS (Twitter Alert Generation System), a novel solution for collecting and analyzing social media streaming data in realtime and subsequently issue warnings related to ongoing disasters using a combination of Hadoop and Spark frameworks. The paper tests and evaluates the proposed solution using Twitter data from the 2018 earthquake in Palu City, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The proposed architecture was able to issue alert messages on various disaster scenarios and identify critical information that can be utilized for further analysis. Moreover, the performance of the proposed solution is assessed with respect to processing time and throughput that shows reliable system efficiency. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-6654-0759-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IISEC54230.2021.9672370 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiedemann, Silvana A1 - Müller-Hansen, Finn T1 - Auctions to phase out coal power: Lessons learned from Germany JF - Energy Policy N2 - This study assesses the extent to which auctions for compensation payments are a suitable policy instrument for ending coal-fired power generation at minimum cost and thus achieving national climate targets. Germany is the first country to apply such a market-based mechanism. Evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the auction, we find that the first five of seven auction rounds will retire 10 GW of coal-fired capacity at a cost of 68 ± 5 EUR/kW, corresponding to an additional carbon price of 2.4 ± 0.2 EUR/tCO2. The possibility of administratively shutting down power plants from 2024 and a decreasing ceiling price have ensured that average compensation payments are well below the ceiling price, and low compared to other policies, even though there was no competition in two of five auction rounds. As the government cancels the freed emission allowances, the policy will result in lower emissions, even though the carbon intensity of the German coal power fleet increased slightly by 2%. Thus, the German auctions can serve as a model for national phase-out strategies in countries with similar institutional frameworks and provide a reference case for integrating conflicting policy objectives into auctions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113387 VL - 174 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Genschel, Philipp A1 - Jachtenfuchs, Markus T1 - The security state in Europe: regulatory or positive? JF - Journal of European Public Policy N2 - We challenge Kruck and Weiss’ argument about the regulatory security state on two counts. First, we contest the notion that the regulatory state is a viable alternative to the positive security state. While regulation and epistemic authority are increasingly important means of security provision, they remain critically dependent power resources and political authority that only the positive state provides. The regulatory security state is premised on the positive state and unviable without it. Second, the rise of the regulatory security state over the past three decades reflects highly specific historical conditions rather than a general trend. These conditions include unusually low geopolitical tensions in Europe and the strong regulatory bias of EU integration. Concepts matter: The wider the notion of security, the more relevant the regulatory security state becomes. It is an important reality but the war in Ukraine reminds us of the enduring centrality of the positive state. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2174580 SP - 1447 EP - 1457 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Haan, Peter A1 - Santonja, Adrián A1 - Zaklan, Aleksandar T1 - Effectiveness and Heterogeneous Effects of Purchase Grants for Electric Vehicles N2 - We evaluate German purchase subsidies for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) using data on new vehicle registrations in Germany during 2015-2022. We account for confounding time trends and interacting EU-level CO2 standards using neighboring countries as a control group. The program was cost-ineffective, as only 40% of BEV and 25% of PHEV registrations were subsidy-induced, and had strong distributional effects, with greater uptake in wealthier and greener counties. The implied abatement cost of 870 euro per ton of CO2 for BEVs and 2,470 euro for PHEVs suggests that subsidies to PHEVs were especially cost-ineffective. T3 - Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers - 11 KW - Decarbonizing road transport, electric mobility, purchase subsidies, policy effectiveness, distributional effects of climate policy Y1 - 2023 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-47610 UR - https://berlinschoolofeconomics.de/insights/bse-discussion-papers U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4761 ET - No. 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Kleinaltenkamp, Moritz A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard T1 - Beyond Diffusion: A Systematic Literature Review of Innovation Scaling JF - Sustainability Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413528 VL - 13 IS - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breaugh, Jessica A1 - Rackwitz, Maike A1 - Hammerschmid, Gerhard T1 - Leadership and institutional design in collaborative government digitalisation: Evidence from Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, and the UK JF - Government Information Quarterly N2 - Large-scale government digitalisation projects require collaborative approaches for their successful development and implementation. To shed light on these collaboration dynamics, the interplay between two integral parts of collaborative projects: the project rules, procedures, and structures (collectively known as institutional design) and the leaders managing these projects is studied. In doing so, the paper provides empirically grounded insights into the management of collaborative government digitalisation projects. Taking an institutional perspective, and the strategic-relational approach (SRA), we examine the extent to which institutional design constraints leadership behaviours, and under what conditions leaders begin to adjust and/or challenge these design features adding to the knowledge of managing digitalisation of government. To this end, we present a five-country case study of national digitalisation projects across Europe. Our results show that while clear institutional design features such as established rules, project structures, and standard operating procedures are essential at the initial stages of the projects, leaders' skills in understanding and tailoring these features are critical to handle project-related problems and moving forwards towards implementation. This underscores the importance of examining projects taking an SRA approach and the need to understand leadership behaviour in the context of the structures in which it is embedded. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101788 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoetzer, Lukas F. A1 - Munzert, Simon A1 - Lowe, Will A1 - Çalı, Başak A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. A1 - Helbling, Marc A1 - Maxwell, Rahsaan A1 - Traunmüller, Richard T1 - Affective partisan polarization and moral dilemmas during the COVID-19 pandemic JF - Political Science Research and Methods N2 - Recent scholarship on affective polarization documents partisan animosity in people's everyday lives. But does partisan dislike go so far as to deny fundamental rights? We study this question through a moral dilemma that gained notoriety during the COVID-19 pandemic: triage decisions on the allocation of intensive medical care. Using a conjoint experiment in five countries we analyze the influence of patients’ partisanship next to commonly discussed factors determining access to intensive medical care. We find that while participants’ choices are consistent with a utilitarian heuristic, revealed partisanship influences decisions across most countries. Supporters of left or right political camps are more likely to withhold support from partisan opponents. Our findings offer comparative evidence on affective polarization in non-political contexts. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2022.13 SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pek, Simon A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Lyons, Brent T1 - The Role of Deliberative Mini-Publics in Improving the Deliberative Capacity of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives JF - Business Ethics Quarterly N2 - Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs)—private governance mechanisms involving firms, civil society organizations, and other actors deliberating to set rules, such as standards or codes of conduct, with which firms comply voluntarily—have become important tools for governing global business activities and the social and environmental consequences of these activities. Yet, this growth is paralleled with concerns about MSIs’ deliberative capacity, including the limited inclusion of some marginalized stakeholders, bias toward corporate interests, and, ultimately, ineffectiveness in their role as regulators. In this article, we conceptualize MSIs as deliberative systems to open the black box of the different elements that make up the MSI polity and better understand how their deliberative capacity hinges on problems in different elements. On the basis of this conceptualization, we examine how deliberative mini-publics—forums in which a randomly selected group of individuals from a particular population engage in learning and facilitated deliberations about a topic—can improve the deliberative capacity of MSIs. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/beq.2022.20 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 102 EP - 145 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coraiola, Diego M. A1 - Foster, William M. A1 - Mena, Sébastien A1 - Foroughi, Hamid A1 - Rintamäki, Jukka T1 - Ecologies of Memories: Memory Work Within and Between Organizations and Communities JF - Academy of Management Annals N2 - In this paper, we review and synthesize the growing sociology-informed literature on organizational memory studies, which focuses on collective memory as a social construction of the past. To organize this literature, we present an ecological view of collective memory. Organizations, from this perspective, are conceived of as both constituted by a variety of mnemonic communities and, simultaneously, part of a broader ecology of mnemonic communities. We use this framework to guide our review of the various forms of memory work within and between mnemonic communities. Our review shows that much of the sociologically informed research has focused on memory work within communities. We also identify an emerging interest in the study of memory work between communities. In conclusion, we discuss possible future directions and outline a three-point agenda for future research that calls for a better understanding of the relational dynamics of memory with a focus on the organizing of memory, the embeddedness of memory work, and the construction of experiences of the past. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2021.0088 VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 373 EP - 404 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyenfeld, Michaela A1 - Sprengholz, Maximilian A1 - Schieckoff, Bentley ED - Bussemer, Johanna ED - Albrecht, Franziska ED - Riethmüller, Dorit ED - Jakob, Christian T1 - Frauen. Arbeit mit Hindernissen T2 - Atlas der Migration: Neue Daten und Fakten über Menschen in Bewegung Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/sonst_publikationen/atlasdermigration2022.pdf SP - 42 EP - 43 PB - Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung CY - Berlin, Germany ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henry, Colin A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. A1 - Dorff, Cassy T1 - Digital Footprints and Data Security Risks for Political Scientists JF - PS: Political Science & Politics N2 - As greater shares of research and data are digitized, political scientists are increasingly confronted with questions pertaining to data security. Yet, data-management plans rarely evaluate the risks pertaining to a researcher’s data across all project phases. This article highlights distinct risks related to key phases of the research process that deserve more attention by scholars. We emphasize risks during a project’s inception and pre-data-collection phases, as well as risks associated with data publication and its afterlife. We discuss how shifts in political context and (re)newed politicization of topics can present new security risks for both the researcher and the researched communities long after a project has been completed. We provide a framework for recognizing and mitigating data risks, thereby contributing to the growing interest in data-security best practices. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096522000543 VL - 55 IS - 4 SP - 804 EP - 808 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barberá, Pablo A1 - Gohdes, Anita R. A1 - Iakhnis, Evgeniia A1 - Zeitzoff, Thomas T1 - Distract and divert: How world leaders use social media during contentious politics JF - The International Journal of Press/Politics N2 - How do leaders communicate during domestic crises? We provide the first global analysis of world leader communication on social media during social unrest. We develop a theory of leaders’ digital communication strategies, building on the diversionary theory of foreign policy, as well as research on the role of democratic institutions in explaining elite responsiveness. To test our theory, we construct a new dataset that characterizes leader communication through social media posts published by any head of state or government on Twitter or Facebook, employing a combination of automated translation and supervised machine learning methods. Our findings show that leaders increase their social media activity and shift the topic from domestic to foreign policy issues during moments of social unrest, which is consistent with a conscious strategy to divert public attention when their position could be at risk. These effects are larger in democracies and in particular in the run-up to elections, which we attribute to incentives created by democratic institutions. Our results demonstrate how social media provide meaningful comparative insight into leaders’ political behavior in the digital age. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221102030 N1 - First published online 22 May 2022 Barberá, P., Gohdes, A. R., Iakhnis, E., & Zeitzoff, T. (2024). Distract and Divert: How World Leaders Use Social Media During Contentious Politics. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 29(1), 47-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221102030 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amberg, Maximilian A1 - aus dem Moore, Nils A1 - Bekk, Anke A1 - Bergmann, Tobias A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - George, Jan A1 - Haywood, Luke A1 - Heinemann, Maik A1 - Held, Anne A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Kellner, Maximilian A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Meyer, Henrika A1 - Nikodinoska, Dragana A1 - Pahle, Michael A1 - Roolfs, Christina A1 - Schill, Wolf-Peter T1 - Reformoptionen für ein nachhaltiges Steuer- und Abgabensystem. Wie Lenkungssteuern effektiv und gerecht für den Klima- und Umweltschutz ausgestaltet werden können JF - Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik N2 - Steuern und Abgaben auf Produkte oder Verbrauch mit gesellschaftlichen Folgekosten (externe Kosten) – sogenannte Pigou- oder Lenkungssteuern – sind ein gesellschaftliches „Win-Win-Instrument“. Sie verbessern die Wohlfahrt und schützen gleichzeitig die Umwelt und das Klima. Dies wird erreicht, indem umweltschädigende Aktivitäten einen Preis bekommen, der möglichst exakt der Höhe des Schadens entspricht. Eine konsequente Bepreisung der externen Kosten nach diesem Prinzip könnte in Deutschland erhebliche zusätzliche Einnahmen erbringen: Basierend auf bisherigen Studien zu externen Kosten wären zusätzliche Einnahmen in der Größenordnung von 348 bis 564 Milliarden Euro pro Jahr (44 bis 71 Prozent der gesamten Steuereinnahmen) möglich. Die Autoren warnen allerdings, dass die Bezifferung der externen Kosten mit erheblichen Unsicherheiten verbunden ist. Damit Lenkungssteuern und -abgaben ihre positiven Lenkungs- und Wohlstandseffekte voll entfalten können, seien zudem institutionelle Reformen notwendig. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/pwp-2021-0051 VL - 23 IS - 3 SP - 165 EP - 199 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gegenhuber, Thomas A1 - Mair, Johanna A1 - Lührsen, René A1 - Thäter, Laura T1 - Orchestrating distributed data governance in open social innovation JF - Information and Organization N2 - Open Social Innovation (OSI) involves the collaboration of multiple stakeholders to generate ideas, and develop and scale solutions to make progress on societal challenges. In an OSI project, stakeholders share data and information, utilize it to better understand a problem, and combine data with digital technologies to create digitally-enabled solutions. Consequently, data governance is essential for orchestrating an OSI project to facilitate the coordination of innovation. Because OSI brings multiple stakeholders together, and each stakeholder participates voluntarily, data governance in OSI has a distributed nature. In this essay we put forward a framework consisting of three dimensions allowing an inquiry into the effectiveness of such distributed data governance: (1) openness (i.e., freely sharing data and information), (2) accountability (i.e., willingness to be held responsible and provide justifications for one's conduct) and (3) power (i.e., resourceful actors' ability to impact other stakeholder's actions). We apply this framework to reflect on the OSI project #WirVsVirus (“We versus virus” in English), to illustrate the challenges in organizing effective distributed data governance, and derive implications for research and practice. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2023.100453 SN - 1471-7727 VL - 33 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baerg, Nicole A1 - Hallerberg, Mark T1 - Council Checks of the Commission under the European Semester: Does Member State Power and Euroscepticism Still Matter? JF - Journal of Common Market Studies N2 - The European Commission recommends evaluations of the economic plans of member states. The Council then provides final text. Previous research suggests that the Council selectively edits the Commission's recommendations. Both large member states and those with eurosceptic populations are likely to have the Council weaken what the Commission writes about them. We examine the determinants of the Council's editing of these texts after the introduction of the European Semester in the period 2011–18. We also account for different varieties of euroscepticism as the literature has become more differentiated. Using metrics of textual changes based on automated and hand-coding, we find little evidence of a systematic relationship between euroscepticism and textual editing. We do, however, find evidence that member state's voting power and euro status matters. Our findings suggest that eurosceptic no longer affects textual editing of such documents under the European Semester. KW - European Semester; Economic and Monetary Union; European Commission Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13268 VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 58 EP - 80 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mouzourakis, Minos A1 - Costello, Cathryn ED - Tsourdi, Evangelia ED - De Bruycker, Philippe T1 - Effective judicial protection of migrants and refugees? The role of Europes supranational courts in protecting and generating rights T2 - Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law N2 - This chapter examines the caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on access to protection, the Dublin system and presumptions of 'safety', and detention, in order to provide critical insights into the concept of effective judicial protection in Europe since the so-called 'refugee crisis' of 2015. The two courts have not provided effective protection in a transformative sense, in that they have not adopted progressive rulings to overcome the crisis-inducing elements of European asylum and migration law. Instead, they have deferred to governmental accounts of 'crisis' and accepted dubious factual and legal arguments. Against this backdrop, we note that the need for effective judicial protection in even a minimal sense, to hold the line on the most basic of rights in this field - protection against refoulement and arbitrary detention - is more acute than ever, and may also be in decline. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781786439635/book-part-9781786439635-10.xml SN - 9781786439628 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786439635.00010 SP - 79 EP - 97 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - CHAP A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Misnikov, Yuri A1 - Draheim, Dirk ED - Charalabidis, Yannis ED - Flak, Leif Skiftenes ED - Viale Pereira, Gabriela T1 - Discussing the foundations for interpretivist digital government research T2 - Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Concepts, Approaches and Challenges N2 - As the research domain of digital government continues to develop as an important body of scholarly research, it is important to understand the core theoretical and philosophical basis of the discipline. Yet, in the domain of digital government, such an understanding does not exist. Therefore, there is currently a need for critical discussion about the concrete role of research philosophy in digital government research. This paper makes a first step in driving such a discussion by presenting arguments and discussion on the relevance of an interpretivist research philosophy for the domain of digital government. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of an interpretivist ontology and epistemology for digital government, discusses relevant theories and methods, and concludes with an overview of what is essential for conducting and carrying out interpretivist digital government research. This paper’s contributions represent one of the first concentrated efforts to lay out initial foundations for the role of interpretivism, and research philosophy more generally, for digital government research. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-92945-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_6 SP - 121 EP - 147 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Quintarelli, Stefano A1 - Misuraca, Gianluca A1 - De Biase, Luca A1 - McBride, Keegan T1 - The Information Society and the Future of Digital Well-being T2 - Global Happiness and Well-being Policy Report 2022 Y1 - 2022 UR - https://s3.amazonaws.com/happinesscouncil.org/GHC_2022.pdf SN - 978-1-7348080-3-2 SP - 115 EP - 133 PB - Sustainable Development Solutions Network CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miasayedava, Lizaveta A1 - McBride, Keegan A1 - Tuhtan, Jeffrey Andrew T1 - Automated environmental compliance monitoring of rivers with IoT and open government data JF - Journal of Environmental Management N2 - Environmental monitoring of rivers is a cornerstone of the European Union's Water Framework Directive. It requires the estimation and reporting of environmental flows in rivers whose characteristics vary widely across the EU member states. This variability has resulted in a fragmentation of estimation and reporting methods for environmental flows and is exhibited by the myriad of regulatory guidelines and estimation procedures. To standardise and systematically evaluate environmental flows at the pan-European scale, we propose to formalise the estimation procedures through automation by reusing existing river monitoring resources. In this work, we explore how sensor-generated hydrological open government data can be repurposed to automate the estimation and monitoring of river environmental flows. In contrast to existing environmental flows estimation methods, we propose a scalable IoT-based architecture and implement its cloud-layer web service. The major contribution of this work is the demonstration of an automated environmental flows system based on open river monitoring data routinely collected by national authorities. Moreover, the proposed system adds value to existing environmental monitoring data, reduces development and operational costs, facilitates streamlining of environmental compliance and allows for any authority with similar data to reuse or scale it with new data and methods. We critically discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with open government data, including its quality. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed system using the Estonian national river monitoring network and define further research directions. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114283 VL - 303 IS - 114283 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Toomere, Taavi A1 - Kamalanathan, Sujani A1 - Freudenthal, Margus A1 - Valdma, Sandhra-Mirella A1 - McBride, Keegan T1 - Digital Government Interoperability Platform Reference Architecture T2 - Cybernetica research report D-2-384 N2 - Interoperability is a core component for any successful governmental digitalization initiative. Though there are numerous ways to build and enable this interoperability, it is possible to identify commonly occurring building blocks. This short report identifies these building blocks, maps them to relevant and common policy goals, and presents a reference architecture model for a digital government interoperability platform. To identify the relevant components of this architecture, desk research was conducted to identify common policy goals associated with interoperability, a workshop was conducted and a comprehensive systematic and comparative study was conducted that analyzed digital government interoperability platforms in twenty countries. The results of this report represent one of the most comprehensive studies to date on digital government interoperability and should, therefore, be of high interest for governmental practitioners, industry, and academics involved with interoperability studies and initiatives. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://cyber.ee/uploads/Digital_Government_Interoperability_Platform_Reference_Architecture_4d2b8a83f6.pdf PB - Cybernetica AS CY - Tallinn, Estonia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitt, Tugce A1 - Haarmann, Alexander A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed T1 - Strengthening health system governance in Germany: looking back, planning ahead JF - Health Economics, Policy and Law N2 - Health system governance has been receiving increasing attention in health system research since the 1980s. The contemporary challenges that the German health system is faced with are often closely linked to governance issues. Although Germany has the highest health expenditure as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the European Union (EU), the spending on healthcare is out of proportion to the health outcomes of the population. The reason for this lies mainly in the complexity of the German health system which is hard to steer due to several administrative levels in the country and numerous policy actors to whom the decision-making power on healthcare provision is delegated. In this paper, we present the results of focus group discussions on governance and build upon the insights gained through the Neustart project of the Robert Bosch Foundation. Based on an internationally recognised health governance framework from the World Health Organization (WHO), experts who work in, on or for the German health system addressed health governance challenges. They provided evidence-based recommendations for the new legislative period (2021-2025) on transparency, accountability, participation, integrity and capacity of the German health system. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744133122000123 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 14 EP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welfens, Natalie T1 - Ungleicher Zugang. Kategorisierungspraktiken in deutschen humanitären Aufnahmeprogrammen für syrische Geflüchtete N2 - Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Frage, wie politische und soziale Kategorisierungen den Zugang zu Aufnahmeprogrammen regulieren und wie entstehende Ungleichheiten gerechtfertigt werden. Über humanitäre Aufnahmeprogramme nehmen europäische und andere sichere Länder eine begrenzet Zahl Schutzsuchender aus Erstzufluchtsländern auf. Auf Basis von Herkunft, Geschlecht, Alter und anderen Kategorien wird entschieden, wer ›am schutzbedürftigsten‹ ist und entsprechend umgesiedelt werden soll. Anhand der deutschen humanitären Aufnahmeprogramme für syrische Geflüchtete untersucht der Beitrag Kategorisierungspraktiken aus praxistheoretischer und intersektionaler Perspektive entlang des gesamten Aufnahmeprozesses. Dadurch wird einerseits die Verwobenheit verschiedener Kategorisierungspraktiken unterschiedlicher Akteur:innen und andererseits die Hierarchisierung von Schutzbedarf deutlich. Y1 - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-47196 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4719 N1 - This is an author’s original manuscript, pre-peer-review version of an article published in Z'Flucht. Zeitschrift für Flucht- und Flüchtlingsforschung. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5771/2509-9485-2022-2-249 SP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laliotis, Ioannis A1 - Shaikh, Mujaheed A1 - Stavropoulou, Charitini A1 - Kourouklis, Dimitrios T1 - Retirement and Household Expenditure in Turbulent Times JF - Journal of Family and Economic Issues N2 - We examine how expenditure changes at retirement during an institutionally and economically uncertain period when a series of pension reforms and cuts were implemented. Overall, we fail to confirm that consumption declines at retirement using data from Greece (2008–2018). Any estimated declines come from turbulent years when major pension cuts were applied. Expenditure drops at retirement were due to pension income shocks, especially for those who were particularly dependent on pension income. Further checks support the presence of an income shock mechanism for retirees who are relatively more treated during the crisis sub-period. Given an aging population and the ongoing global turbulence, our results offer valuable insights. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-022-09884-7 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Anheier, Helmut K. A1 - Knudsen, Edward L. A1 - Antes, Nicole A1 - Hamad, Mariam A1 - Kibwana, Aisha A1 - Markovic-Vastag, Darinka T1 - External Cultural Policy in International Comparison: Summary of the Report Y1 - 2019 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-45030 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4503 N1 - This study was carried out as part of the project "Foreign Cultural and Educational Policy in Comparison: Germany and its Competitors", which was conducted by the Hertie School and supported by the Federal Foreign Office. PB - Hertie School CY - Berlin ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Edmondson, Duncan A1 - Flachsland, Christian A1 - aus dem Moore, Nils A1 - Koch, Nicolas A1 - Koller, Florian A1 - Gruhl, Henri A1 - Brehm, Johannes A1 - Levi, Sebastian T1 - Assessing Climate Policy Instrument Pathways: An Application to the German Light Duty Vehicle Sector T2 - Bewertung klimapolitischer Instrumentenmix-Pfade: Eine Anwendung auf leichte Nutzfahrzeuge in Deutschland KW - Centre for Sustainability Y1 - 2022 UR - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b1570-opus4-47130 UR - https://ariadneprojekt.de/publikation/background-assessing-climate-policy-instrument-pathways-an-application-to-the-german-light-duty-vehicle-sector/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.48462/opus4-4713 N1 - This publication is also available in German at the link above. PB - Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Coninck, Joyce A1 - Vander Maelen, Carl A1 - Bex, Fauve A1 - Van De Velde-van Rumst, Paulien A1 - Dua, Odile A1 - Finnerty, Joseph A1 - Inghelbrecht, Febe T1 - Actualités/News JF - Journal européen des droits de l'homme - European Journal of Human Rights (JEDH) Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.jurisquare.be/en/journal/jedh/index.html VL - 2021 IS - 1 SP - 129 EP - 129 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Coninck, Joyce A1 - Vander Maelen, Carl A1 - Bex, Fauve A1 - Van De Velde-van Rumst, Paulien A1 - Dua, Odile A1 - Finnerty, Joseph A1 - Inghelbrecht, Febe T1 - Actualités/News JF - Journal européen des droits de l'homme - European Journal of Human Rights (JEDH) Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.jurisquare.be/en/journal/jedh/index.html VL - 2021 IS - 2 SP - 206 EP - 206 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Coninck, Joyce A1 - Vander Maelen, Carl A1 - Bex, Fauve A1 - Dua, Odile A1 - Finnerty, Joseph T1 - Actualités/News JF - Journal européen des droits de l'homme - European Journal of Human Rights (JEDH) Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.jurisquare.be/en/journal/jedh/index.html VL - 2021 IS - 3 SP - 308 EP - 308 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Coninck, Joyce A1 - Vander Maelen, Carl A1 - Bex, Fauve A1 - Dua, Odile A1 - Finnerty, Joseph A1 - Inghelbrecht, Febe T1 - Actualités/News JF - Journal européen des droits de l'homme - European Journal of Human Rights (JEDH) Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.jurisquare.be/en/journal/jedh/index.html VL - 2021 IS - 4-5 SP - 424 EP - 424 ER -