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  <doc>
    <id>1949</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>103</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>109</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>W W Norton &amp; Co Inc</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>2010-01-12</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Social Entrepreneurs: Innovating towards sustainability</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">State of the World 2010: Transforming Cultures: From Consumerism to Sustainability</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">039333726X, 978-0393337266</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Kate Ganly</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social Entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sustainability</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1937</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>333</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>363</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition>Research in the Sociology of Organizations</edition>
    <issue/>
    <volume>33</volume>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-20</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The embeddedness of social entrepreneurship: Understanding variation across geographic communities</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Social enterprise organizations (SEOs) arise from entrepreneurial activities with the aim of achieving social goals. SEOs have been identified as alternative and/or complementary to the actions of governments and international organizations to address poverty and poverty-related social needs. Using a number of illustrative cases, we explore how variation of local institutional mechanisms shapes the local “face of poverty” in different communities and how this relates to variations in the emergence and strategic orientations of SEOs. We develop a model of the productive opportunity space for SEOs as a basis of and an inspiration for further scholarly inquiry.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Communities and Organizations</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0733-558X</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-78052-284-5</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <editor>Michael Lounsbury</editor>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <author>Julie Battilana</author>
    <author>M. Tina Dacin</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Civil Society or Community</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1941</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>147</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>188</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Emerald Group Publishing Limited</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bingley</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Organizational closure competencies and scaling: A realist approach to theorizing social enterprise</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Purpose&#13;
Social entrepreneurs create novel approaches to social problems such as poverty. But scaling these approaches to the dimension of the problem can be a difficult task. In the social enterprise sector, the subject of scaling has become a key dimension of organizational performance. This chapter advances the scholarly literature on the scaling of social enterprises, a literature which is currently in an embryonic stage and characterized by conceptual ambiguity and fragmented perspectives.&#13;
&#13;
Methodology/Approach&#13;
We engage realist philosophy of science to develop mechanism-based causal explanations of the scaling performance of social enterprises. We also develop a coding scheme to guide systematic empirical analysis and highlight the explanatory power of counterfactuals. Counterfactuals have been largely neglected in empirical research as they represent mechanisms that are enabled but remain unobservable – in a state of suppression or neutralization of their effects.&#13;
&#13;
Findings&#13;
We question the ability of organizations to “socially engineer” desired outcomes and introduce a new construct – organizational closure competence. Anchored in realism, this construct provides a basis for productive approaches to social engineering. We elaborate on the importance of organizational closure competencies for scaling, derive a series of propositions, and develop ideas for future research and for practice.&#13;
&#13;
Research, Practical and Social Implications&#13;
Applying a realist lens allows us to add empirical rigor to research on social enterprises and scaling. Our approach constitutes a move from rich narratives to causal models and informs the way we design and evaluate efforts to address important societal challenges.&#13;
&#13;
Originality/Value of Chapter&#13;
This chapter demonstrates how to operationalize realist philosophy of science for causal explanations of complex social phenomena and better utilize its theoretical and practical value.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Social entrepreneurship and research methods</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-78441-142-8</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>realism</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>causal model</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>mechanism-based research</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1942</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>6: International Management</volume>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>John Wiley &amp; Sons</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship: Innovation on Dual Frontiers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Over the past two decades, social entrepreneurship as a phenomenon has gained increased momentum and is widely recognized for its potential to address social needs or problems that too often fall through the gaps of our market and governance systems. This article presents social entrepreneurship as a powerful tool to shape and change institutions and ultimately to inspire the commercial and public sectors. It is conceptualized as a process involving innovation on two levels: (i) the innovation of a new type of product, service, or structure that is created to fulfil unmet needs; and (ii) the innovation of envisioning and enacting alternative institutional arrangements. We contend that the dual nature of this type of innovation is what makes social entrepreneurship more effective than existing solutions and distinguishes it from conventional entrepreneurship. Two case studies are examined to show how social entrepreneurs kick start change by challenging taken for granted ways of doing things and demonstrating how new strategies can make a real impact. They illustrate that more sustainable solutions are possible and often provide “proof of concept” leading to the creation of new markets, new policies, and even new behaviors and attitudes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Wiley Encyclopedia of Management</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781119002352</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Kate Ganly</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Innovation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>institutions</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>social change</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>social innovation</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1943</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>McGraw Hill Higher Education</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Successful Divestitures Need Proper Cultivation</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage : Concepts and Cases</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781259011801</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Caterina Moschieri</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1944</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>175</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>189</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Gabler Verlag, Springer Fachmedien</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Wiesbaden</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Performance Measurement and Social Entrepreneurship</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business: An Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-8349-2729-3 (Print) 978-3-8349-7093-0 (Online)</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Shuchi Sharma</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Management</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Business Strategy/Leadership</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1945</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>71</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>89</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Routledge</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">When Social Entrepreneurs Act as Institutional Entrepreneurs: The Case of Sekem.</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Using a Positive Lens to Explore Social Change and Organizations (Organization and Management)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">0415878861, 978-0415878869</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Tomislav Rimac</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <author>Julie Battilana</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social Change</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social Entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Institutional Entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1947</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>16</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>33</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship: taking stock and looking ahead</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Handbook of Research on Social Entrepreneurship</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">0857933302, 978-0857933300</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social Entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1948</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>29</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>44</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Palgrave Macmillan US</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2016-01-22</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Scaling Social Impact: New Thinking</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">Hardcover ISBN 978-0-230-10437-2, Softcover ISBN 978-0-230-33837-1</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Funda Sezgi</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Social Entrepreneurship</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scaling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Coordination</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2195</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>92</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>119</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Cambridge University Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cambridge</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-03-28</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Bringing change into the lives of the poor: Entrepreneurship outside traditional boundaries</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The powerful imagery of entrepreneurship as a means to induce and explain institutional change is gaining momentum (Greenwood &amp; Suddaby, 2006; Lawrence &amp; Suddaby, 2006). In response to criticisms that institutional theory was chiefly being used to explain homogeneity and persistence, important efforts have been devoted to restoring human agency in explanations of endogenous institutional change (DiMaggio, 1988; Sewell, 1992; Emirbayer &amp; Mische, 1998). However, the image of the entrepreneur as institutional change agent has also been a source of controversy among institutional theorists, especially when accompanied by voluntarist, un-embedded conceptions of individual action (Holm, 1995; Leca &amp; Naccache, 2006). As a result we observe vivid scholarly discussions on how to solve the “paradox of embedded agency”– i.e. on explaining how institutional change is possible if actors are fully conditioned by the institutions that they wish to change (Holm, 1995; Seo &amp; Creed, 2002; Greenwood &amp; Suddaby, 2006). The current debate is important and we welcome more agent-oriented views on institutions. The purpose of this chapter is to advance institutional theory by rethinking various aspects of institutional work (Lawrence &amp; Suddaby, 2006; DiMaggio, 1988) and thereby to contribute new insights into the paradox of embedded agency. We do so by challenging and breaking dominant patterns in current empirical research. While previous research on institutional entrepreneurship has predominantly looked at elite and/or powerful actors (DiMaggio, 1988; Fligstein &amp; Mara-Drita, 1996) who assume either peripheral (Leblebici, Salancik, Copay &amp; King, 1991) or central (Greenwood &amp; Suddaby, 2006) positions, we focus instead on institutional work carried out by actors with limited power and very few resources.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9780511590351</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Thomas B. Lawrence</editor>
    <author>Ignasi Martí</author>
    <editor>Simon Roy Suddaby</editor>
    <editor>Bernard Leca</editor>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2196</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>228</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>246</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Edward Elgar</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cheltenham</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-03-28</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Hope for Sustainable Development: How Social Entrepreneurs Make It Happen</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">An Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship: Voices, Preconditions and Contexts</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781848443068</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4337/9781848446229.00021</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Rafeal Ziegler</editor>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gemeinwirtschaft</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nachhaltige Entwicklung</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2197</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>144</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>159</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Palgrave Macmillan</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Basingstoke</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-03-29</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Social entrepreneurship as institution building</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Perspectives on Social Entrepreneurship Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-230-54315-7</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Johanna Mair</editor>
    <author>Ignasi Martí</author>
    <editor>Jeffrey Robinson</editor>
    <editor>K. Hockerts</editor>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gemeinwirtschaft</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Institutionelle Infrastruktur</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Entwicklungsländer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Institutionalismus</value>
    </subject>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2198</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>332</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>351</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Chichester</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-03-29</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Waste Concern: Turning a Problem into a Resource</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Mainstreaming Corporate Responsibility</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0470753941</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>N. Craig Smith</editor>
    <author>Jordan Mitchell</author>
    <editor>Gilbert Lenssen</editor>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2199</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2007</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>271</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>294</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Jossey-Bass</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>San Francisco</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2017-03-29</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">How social entrepreneurs enable human, social, and economic development</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Business Solutions for the Global Poor: Creating Social and Economic Value</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7879-8216-4</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>V. Kashturi Rangan</editor>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <editor>John A. Quelch</editor>
    <editor>Gustavo Herrero</editor>
    <editor>Brooke Barton</editor>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2200</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>210</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>223</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
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    <publisherName>Edward Elgar</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">The Sekem initiative: a holistic vision to develop people</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">New Social Entrepreneurship : What awaits social entrepreneurship ventures?</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781845427818</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Francesco Perrini</editor>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
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    <publisherName>Palgrave Macmillan</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create a social venture are formed</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-4039-9664-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1057/9780230625655</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Johanna Mair</editor>
    <author>Ernesto Noboa</author>
    <editor>J. Robinson</editor>
    <editor>K. Hockerts</editor>
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  <doc>
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    <publishedYear>2006</publishedYear>
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    <pageFirst>235</pageFirst>
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    <completedDate>2017-03-29</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Social entrepreneurs directly contribute to global development goals</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-4039-9664-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1057/9780230625655</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Johanna Mair</editor>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <editor>J. Robinson</editor>
    <author>Kate Ganly</author>
    <editor>K. Hockerts</editor>
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  <doc>
    <id>2203</id>
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    <publishedYear>2005</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>49</pageFirst>
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    <issue/>
    <volume>International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 10</volume>
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    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2017-03-29</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Entrepreneurial behavior in a large traditional firm: Exploring key drivers</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Corporate entrepreneurship and venturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-387-24850-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/b106351</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Tom Elfring</editor>
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  <doc>
    <id>2204</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2005</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>236</pageFirst>
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    <publisherName>Blackwell Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford, UK</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2017-03-29</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">How much do middle managers really matter?  An Empirical Study on their Impact on Sustained Superior Performance</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Restructuring Strategy: New Networks and Industry Challenges</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1405126014</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Ira Breitkreuz</submitter>
    <editor>Karen O. Cool</editor>
    <editor>James E. Henderson</editor>
    <editor>Rene Abate</editor>
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  <doc>
    <id>2465</id>
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    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>705</pageFirst>
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    <edition>2</edition>
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    <publisherName>Greenwood, Royston; Oliver, Christine; Lawrence, Thomas B.;  Meyer, Renate E.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Los Angeles; London; New Delhi; Singapore; Washington, DC; Melbourne</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2018-01-16</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Institutions and Economic Inequality</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781412961967</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.17863/CAM.8689</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Caroline Forscht</submitter>
    <author>John Amis</author>
    <author>Kamal Munir</author>
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  <doc>
    <id>2466</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>448</pageFirst>
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    <publisherName>Floyd, Steven W.; Wooldridge, Bill</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2018-01-16</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Middle managers and corporate entrepreneurship: unpacking strategic roles and assessing performance implications</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This chapter examines the strategic roles of 150 middle managers in different units of a large European financial services firm. The study takes place in the context of a major corporate initiative aimed at creating a more entrepreneurial culture within the firm. Drawing on insights from 40 exploratory interviews, a survey instrument is used to identify four unique middle manager roles in corporate entrepreneurship; leader, broker, businessman, and architect. These roles are interpreted relative to existing literature. Associations between three roles (architect, leader, broker) and organizational performance are highlighted. The chapter adds insight into the roles of middle managers in corporate entrepreneurship initiatives and how these roles connect to organizational performance.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Handbook of Middle Management Strategy Process Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978 1 78347 324 3</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4337/9781783473250</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Caroline Forscht</submitter>
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  <doc>
    <id>2762</id>
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    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>557</pageFirst>
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    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Dordrecht</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2019-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Waste Concern: Fixing Market Failures</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Managing Sustainable Business</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="eng">An Executive Education Case and Textbook</subTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-94-024-1142-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-94-024-1144-7</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Joanna Radeke</author>
    <submitter>Alwine Hoppe</submitter>
    <editor>Gilbert G. Lenssen</editor>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <editor>N. Craig Smith</editor>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2763</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>485</pageFirst>
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    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Cambridge University Press</publisherName>
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    <completedDate>2019-02-07</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Impact Investing: Financing Social Entrepreneurs</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Entrepreneurial Finance. The Art and Science of Growing Ventures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781108368070</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1017/9781108368070</identifier>
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    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Lisa Hehenberger</author>
    <submitter>Alwine Hoppe</submitter>
    <editor>Luisa Alemany</editor>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <editor>Job J. Andreoli</editor>
    <author>Sara Seganti</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3029</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>61</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>74</pageLast>
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    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>Edward Elgar Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cheltenham</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2019-07-22</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Problem, person, and pathway: A framework for social innovators</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Handbook of Inclusive Innovation</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="deu">The Role of Organizations, Markets and Communities in Social Innovation</subTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781786436009</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4337/9781786436016</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781786436016</identifier>
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    <author>Julie Battilana</author>
    <submitter>Alwine Hoppe</submitter>
    <editor>Gerard George</editor>
    <author>Brittany Butler</author>
    <editor>Ted Baker</editor>
    <author>Marissa Kimsey</author>
    <editor>Paul Tracey</editor>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <editor>Havovi Joshi</editor>
    <author>Christopher Marquis</author>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>2974</id>
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    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>19</pageFirst>
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    <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>59</volume>
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    <completedDate>2019-05-28</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Dismantling the Master’s House Using the Master’s Tools: On the Sociology of Organizational Knowledge</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Research in the Sociology of Organizations (Volume 59)</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="eng">The Production of Managerial Knowledge and Organizational Theory: New Approaches to Writing, Producing and Consuming Theory</subTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-78769-184-1</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Tammar B. Zilber</author>
    <submitter>Alwine Hoppe</submitter>
    <editor>Tammar B. Zilber</editor>
    <author>John M. Amis</author>
    <editor>John M. Amis</editor>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <editor>Johanna Mair</editor>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3084</id>
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    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>30</pageFirst>
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    <publisherName>oekoem verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Munich</publisherPlace>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>2019-10-17</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Plurality and Effects of the Sharing Economy</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Atlas of Social Innovation</parentTitle>
    <subTitle language="deu">2nd Volume: A World of New Practices</subTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9783962381578</identifier>
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    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Alwine Hoppe</submitter>
    <author>Georg Reischauer</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3131</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <publisherName>Stanford University Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Stanford</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2020-01-21</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship: Research as Disciplined Exploration</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Social enterprises address social problem by means of markets. Over the last two decades they have become increasingly popular across geographies. During this time open contestation and ideological debates over the promise, intention and meaning of social entrepreneurship have dominated public discourse but also inhibited the development of a solid knowledge base on social enterprises as a form of organizing in the spectrum of private action for public purpose. &#13;
The dominant way of seeing social enterprises as pursuing dual – commercial and social – goals and as ideal sites to study the battle of logics confines our way of looking and limit the theorizing potential around social enterprise.  In this chapter I advocate for disciplined exploration approach to study social enterprises to expose this potential. I draw from a collaborative research project involving 1,045 social enterprises across nine countries and show patterns and common features of social enterprises regarding their choice of legal form, their participation in the market for public purpose, their social footprint, and their role in changing local institutional arrangements. I argue that embracing rather than taming the diversity of social enterprises opens opportunities for developing new but more importantly for recasting, refining and connecting existing theories.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781503608047</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Jonida Popi</submitter>
    <editor>Walter W. Powell</editor>
    <editor>Patricia Bromley</editor>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
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    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <publisherName>Edward Elgar Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cheltenham,UK</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2020-01-21</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Social Innovation: Specifying Pathways for Impact</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Outlining both historical foundations and the latest research trends, this Research Handbook offers a unique and cutting-edge overview of the numerous avenues to responsible management.&#13;
&#13;
Opening with a conceptual mapping of the field, thought leaders such as Henry Mintzberg and Archie Carroll present foundational and controversial views. Frameworks such as sustainability management, responsible leadership, humanistic and biomimetic management are introduced. Glocal approaches include responsible management with Chinese characteristics, West African Yoruba, and American Pragmatism. Exploring frameworks for the responsible management process, such as theories of practice, and for responsible management learning and innovation, readers are introduced to key methods responsible management research, such as participatory action research.&#13;
&#13;
Groundbreaking in scope and depth, this Handbook caters to the responsible management research community, particularly to the Academy of Management and to United Nations PRME signatory business schools. Policymakers and practitioners will benefit from its insight into the latest advances in responsible management research.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Research Handbook of Responsible Management</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781788971959</identifier>
    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
    <submitter>Jonida Popi</submitter>
    <editor>Oliver Laasch</editor>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <editor>Dima Jamali</editor>
    <editor>R. E. Freeman</editor>
    <editor>Roy Suddaby</editor>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3136</id>
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    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>23</pageLast>
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    <publisherName>Emerald Publishing Limited</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bingley, UK</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2020-01-21</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Variety and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing in the Sharing Economy: A Research Agenda</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The sharing economy is one of the most influential developments of the last decade. The emergence of new forms of organizing it brings with it has affected modern (business) life at multiple levels: Sharing organizations have blurred the distinction between the individual roles of provider, user, and employee; they have introduced organizational practices of coordinating members and communities; and they have sparked societal, political, and economic debates in multiple fields. These dynamics at the individual, organizational, and field level provide an opportunity for organization scholars to take stock of and theorize the sharing economy. &#13;
&#13;
This volume takes advantage of this opportunity by presenting a collection of empirical and conceptual work that explores the variety and the trajectories of new forms of organizing in the sharing economy, and in doing so builds on, rejuvenates, and refines existing organization theories. &#13;
&#13;
Together, the chapters included in this volume offer a comprehensive overview of theoretically grounded research that deepens our understanding of new forms of organizing and indicates future avenues for research.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Theorizing the Sharing Economy: Varieties and Trajectories of New Forms of Organizing, Research in the Sociology of Organizations</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9781787561809</identifier>
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    <licence>Metadaten / metadata</licence>
    <author>Indre Maurer</author>
    <submitter>Jonida Popi</submitter>
    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <author>Achim Oberg</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>3137</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>359</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>373</pageLast>
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    <publisherName>Oxford University Press</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford</publisherPlace>
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    <completedDate>2020-01-21</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship: Prospects for the Study of Market Based Activity and Social Change</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to grow as an area of interest in academia and business. Encompassing broad topics such as the relationship between business, society, and government, environmental issues, globalization, and the social and ethical dimensions of management and corporate operation, CSR has become an increasingly interdisciplinary subject relevant to areas of economics, sociology, and psychology, among others.&#13;
&#13;
New directions in CSR research include advanced 'micro' based investigations in organizational behaviour and human resource management, additional studies of environmental social responsibility and sustainability, further research on 'strategic' CSR, connections between social responsibility and entrepreneurship, and improvements in methods and data analysis as the field matures. Through authoritative contributions from international scholars across the social sciences, this Handbook provides a cohesive overview of this recent expansion. It introduces new perspectives, new methodologies, and new evidence from a range of disciplines to encourage and facilitate interdisciplinary research and global implementation of corporate social responsibility.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9780198802280</identifier>
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    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Jonida Popi</submitter>
    <author>Nikolas Rathert</author>
    <thesisPublisher>Hertie School</thesisPublisher>
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    <id>3701</id>
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    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>189</pageFirst>
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    <publisherName>Emerald Publishing Limited</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Let’s Talk about Problems: Advancing Research on Hybrid Organizing, Social Enterprises, and Institutional Context</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Social enterprises have long been considered ideal settings for studying hybrid organizing due to their combination of social and economic goals and activities. In this chapter, the authors argue that the current research focus on hybrid organizing foregrounds the paradox, conflicting logics, and multiple identities associated with the pursuit of multiple goals but underappreciates the relationship between hybrid organizing and its institutional context. Recognizing that the primary objective of social enterprises is to tackle social problems, the authors introduce the social problem domain as an analytically useful and theoretically interesting meso-level to examine the role of context for hybrid organizing and to advance conversations on hybridity in organizational theory. Social problem domains offer insights into the political, cultural, and material differences in how various societies deal with social problems, which in turn affects hybrid organizing. The authors provide empirical insights derived from an analysis of social enterprises across three countries and social problem domains. The authors show how the institutional arrangements of social enterprises differ considerably across contexts, and how these arrangements affect how social enterprises become more or less similar compared to traditional ways of organizing in these problem domains. Based on these findings, the authors outline a research agenda on social enterprises that focuses on examining the nature, antecedents, and outcomes of hybrid organizing around social problems across multiple levels of analysis. With this chapter, the authors move the focus of social enterprise research in organizational theory from studying how these organizations cope with multiple logics and goals toward studying how they engage in markets for public purpose.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Organizational Hybridity: Perspectives, Processes, Promises (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, Vol. 69)</parentTitle>
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    <submitter>Jonida Popi</submitter>
    <editor>Marya Besharov</editor>
    <author>Nikolas Rathert</author>
    <editor>Bjoern Mitzinneck</editor>
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      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Social enterprises - Hybrid organizing - Institutional context - Social problems - Isomorphism - Context dependence</value>
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    <title language="eng">Sharing Economy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The sharing economy can be understood as a web of markets in which individuals exchange goods and services. Market exchange is typically based on transactions mediated by a digital platform operated by an organization (Mair and Reischauer 2017). The multiple legal forms, orientations, and modes of compensation these organizations adopt combined with the broad range of markets including food, tool, and ride-sharing exemplify the potential of the sharing economy to nurture alternative forms of organizing with social purpose (Mair and Rathert forthcoming) to affect the economy, society, and the environment in new ways (Frenken and Schor 2017).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Encyclopedia of Civil Society</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_9558-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">978-3-319-99675-2</identifier>
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    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
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    <editor>Stefan Toepler</editor>
    <editor>Regina List</editor>
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    <completedDate>2020-10-19</completedDate>
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    <title language="deu">Sozialunternehmertum</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Sozialunternehmertum bezieht sich auf die innovative Nutzung wie Kombination von Ressourcen zur Bewältigung sozialer Probleme und Bedürfnisse. Wir zeichnen Debatten um die Definition von Sozialunternehmertum nach und stellen institutionellen Wandel und die Verfolgung vielfältiger Ziele als Schlüsselmerkmale von Sozialunternehmertum heraus. Auf Basis einer Diskussion verschiedener Arbeiten der Management-, Organisations- und Unternehmertumsforschung eröffnen wir eine prägnante und generative Perspektive auf Sozialunternehmertum. Sie soll helfen, die Erforschung sozialer Innovationen voran zu treiben.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Handbuch Innovationsforschung</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">Printed: 978-3-658-17668-6 / eBook: 978-3-658-17668-6</identifier>
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    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
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    <editor>Birgit Blättel-Mink</editor>
    <author>Nikolas Rathert</author>
    <editor>Ingo Schulz-Schaeffer</editor>
    <editor>Arnold Windeler</editor>
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      <value>Sozialunternehmertum · Sozialunternehmen · Organisationen · Institutioneller Kontext · Governance</value>
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    <volume>96</volume>
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    <title language="eng">Advancing Phenomenon-Based Research on Complex Societal Challenges: The Case of Homelessness</title>
    <abstract language="eng">We advance organizational research on complex societal challenges and showcase the relevance of a system perspective to analyze organized efforts to address homelessness as a social problem. We adopt a phenomenon-based approach to theorizing and generate plausible explanations by analyzing historical accounts of decisions and actions taken to tackle homelessness by various actors across different sectors in the United States between 1960 and 2021. We apply an analytical scaffolding proposed by Mair and Seelos (2021) to examine how organizations intervene in social systems and explicate the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Attending to these three realms helps to reveal how homelessness was problematized differently over time and to examine how different causal assumptions shaped organizational decisions about developing and scaling solutions to homelessness. Based on our analysis, we develop a series of propositions that capture contextualized insights on the characteristics and consequences of efforts to address homelessness, accounting for linkages between the causal, situation, and problem realms of homelessness. Finally, our analytical and theoretical approach helps uncover the interconnectedness of scaling and scale, providing valuable insights for theory and policy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Big Picture Approaches to the Impact of Social Innovations</parentTitle>
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    <author>Christian Seelos</author>
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    <author>Charlotte Traeger</author>
    <editor>R. Daniel Wadhwani</editor>
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    <title language="eng">Social Entrepreneurship</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Social entrepreneurship refers to the innovative use and combination of resources to address social problems and needs. Social entrepreneurship and social enterprises constitute an increasingly relevant form of organizing across different contexts, reflected in growing interest from policymakers in Europe and beyond. We provide an overview of definitional debates around social entrepreneurship and focus on institutional change and the pursuit of multiple goals as key characteristics of social entrepreneurship. These characteristics set social entrepreneurship apart from commercial entrepreneurship focused on providing products and services but also create unique challenges. On the one hand, as research on social entrepreneurship and institutional change has shown, social entrepreneurship involves the consideration of the context-specific nature of social problems and social innovations. In addition, scholarship on social entrepreneurship and the pursuit of multiple goals emphasizes a set of resulting demands on organizational governance, including ensuring accountability and acquiring resources while straddling diverse institutional contexts. Interrogating the existing literature in management, organization, and entrepreneurship studies on these aspects, our discussion offers a succinct and generative perspective on social entrepreneurship that helps to advance the study of social innovation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Handbook of Innovation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-031-25143-6_25-1</identifier>
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    <editor>Arnold Windeler</editor>
    <editor>Birgit Blättel-Mink</editor>
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    <title language="eng">Governance in Social Enterprises</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Social enterprises are organisations that pursue a social mission using market mechanisms. From a policy perspective, they are promising vehicles to create both social and economic value for society in times when public funds are shrinking and the financial viability of charities and non-profit organisations (NPOs) is increasingly at stake. From a civil society perspective, they are an important organisational form to ensure longevity, financial viability, and sustainability of mission-driven organisations. Social enterprises are neither typical charities nor typical businesses but combine aspects of both, using commercial activities as means toward social ends. They are often small or medium-sized1 and do not draw on highly elaborated governance arrangements as do larger for- or non-profit organisations. Governance often resembles a grey zone for these organisations, and the approach social enterprises adopt ranges from formal, legally binding arrangements to more flexible and context-based ones.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in Corporate Governance: Comparative Perspectives.</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">9780198866367</identifier>
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    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
    <submitter>Jonida Popi</submitter>
    <editor>Helmut K. Anheier</editor>
    <author>Miriam Wolf</author>
    <editor>Theodor Baums</editor>
    <author>Alexandra Ioan</author>
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    <id>3461</id>
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    <title language="eng">Hybrid Organizations as Sites for Reimagining Organizational Governance.</title>
    <abstract language="deu">In this chapter we argue that hybrid organizations, i.e., organizations pursuing dual goals, are an important site for rethinking and potentially recasting our perspective on organizational governance. We give an overview of the specific governance challenges hybrid organizations face and probe conventional and more novel approaches and their potential to understand governance in hybrid organizations. Introducing empirical findings from a large-scale qualitative and quantitative study about governance in social enterprises, we propose to complement the reactive approach dominant in the governance literature with a more proactive approach: drawing on the work of Philip Selznick, we introduce a governance approach focused on purpose, commitment and new ways of coordination. We propose that these three interlocking governance mechanisms allow hybrid organizations such as social enterprises to mitigate governance challenges such as the risk of mission drift in a proactive rather than reactive manner.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Research Handbook on Nonprofit Governance.&#13;
Research Handbooks in Business and Management series.</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4337/9781788114912.00027</identifier>
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    <editor>Michael Meyer</editor>
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    <pageFirst>355</pageFirst>
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    <volume>II</volume>
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    <publisherName>Palgrave Macmillan</publisherName>
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    <completedDate>2021-04-07</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">To Control or Not Control: A Coordination Perspective to Scaling.</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In this chapter, we assess the link between scaling, control and organizational achievements. We argue that control is essential to coordinate organizational members towards a common and shared goal and to provide guardrails for scaling. We use the experience of the Aravind Eye Care System, a non-profit organization based in India providing eye care services to poor people to specify the mechanisms employed by Aravind underpinning three popular organizational scaling modes—branching, affiliation and dissemination. Our objective is to show how control and scaling can be combined in order to protect the value base of a social enterprise and at the same time ensure growth.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Sustainable Consumption and Production, Volume II.</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55284-8 | Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-55285-5</identifier>
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    <author>Funda Sezgi</author>
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    <title language="eng">Understanding firm- and field-level change toward sustainable development: insights from the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines, 1960‒2020</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Insufficient access to medicines is a persistent global problem that affects billions of people in low- and middle-income countries. In this chapter, we use access to medicines as a case to understand how business can become instrumental in making progress on persistent and global problems we associate with sustainable development. We examine the emergence and evolution of access to medicines as a mandate for the pharmaceutical industry to contribute to sustainable development. More specifically, we trace the historical developments of corporate social initiatives in the industry and revisit existing research on access to medicines in management and related fields. We then introduce three distinct analytical perspectives - field emergence and change, firm heterogeneity, organizational processes - to examine access to medicine, expose managerial challenges and offer a research agenda that helps to advance research on access to medicines and, more generally, on corporate efforts to address pressing global problems subsumed under the Sustainable Development Goals.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Handbook on the Business of Sustainability</parentTitle>
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    <author>Tobias Bünder</author>
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    <author>Johanna Mair</author>
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